Epidemiological and anatomopathological findings of type 1 and 2 abomasum ulcers in cattle with different comorbidities / Achados epidemiológicos e anatomopatológicos de úlceras do abomaso tipo 1 e 2 em bovinos com diferentes comorbidades primárias

This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and pathological findings of type 1 and 2 abomasal ulcers in cattle with different primary comorbidities. A total of 201 animals; 40/201 (20%) were young cattle under the age of two years and 161/201 (80%) were adult cattle over the age of two years, which were hospitalized for clinical care 152/201 (75,62%), 19/201 (9,45%) obstetric care, 17/201 (8,46%) surgical care and 13/201 (6,47%) for anatomopathological diagnosis, being euthanized or had natural death. The diagnosis of ulcers was based on the result of the post-mortem examination (macroscopic and histopathological analysis). Histopathological examination was performed on 201 fragments of ulcers and classified as type 1 or type 2. Of these, 193/201 (96.01%) corresponded to type 1 ulcers, of which 12/193 (5.97%) corresponded to subtype 1a lesions, 101/193 (50.25%) to subtype 1b, 77/ 193 (38.31%) to subtype 1c, 03/193 (1.49%) to subtype 1d, while 08/201 (3.98%) were type 2 ulcers. The ulcers were characterized by a focal, focally extensive, multifocal or diffuse inflammatory process, mainly by mononuclear cells. Abomasitis associated with ulcerated mucosa was found in 160/201 (79.60%). In 26/201 (12.93%) the abomasitis had diffuse foci of multifocal lymphocytic proliferation by atypical lymphocytes. Digestive and reproductive comorbidities were seen more frequently in cattle with type 1 or type 2 ulcers. The Subtype 1b focal ulcers and subtype 1a and 1b multifocal ulcers were more prevalent. In addition to the presence of comorbidities, most cases occur in the dry period, associated with feeding with higher amounts of concentrates and silages.(AU)

Objetivou-se estudar os achados epidemiológico e anatomopatológico de úlceras do abomaso tipo 1 e 2 em bovinos com diferentes comorbidades primárias. Um total de 201 animais; 40/201 (20%) eram bovinos jovens com idade inferior a dois anos e 161/201 (80%) eram bovinos adultos com idade superior a dois anos, os quais foram internados para atendimento clínico 152/201 (75,62%), 19/201 (9,45%) obstétrico, 17/201 (8,46%) para atendimento clínico-cirúrgico e 13/201 (6,47%) para diagnóstico anatomopatológico, sendo eutanasiados ou tiveram morte natural. O diagnóstico das úlceras foi baseado no exame post-mortem (análise macroscópica e histopatológica). O exame histopatológico foi realizado em 201 fragmentos de úlceras e classificado como tipo 1 ou do tipo 2. Destes, 193/201 (96,01%) corresponderam a úlceras tipo 1, das quais, 12/193 (5,97%) corresponderam a lesões subtipo 1a, 101/193 (50,25%) a subtipo 1b, 77/193 (38,31%) a subtipo 1c, 03/193 (1,49%) ao subtipo 1d, enquanto 08/201 (3,98%) foram úlceras tipo 2. As úlceras foram caracterizadas por processo inflamatório focal, focalmente extenso, multifocais ou difusos, principalmente por células mononucleares. Abomasite associada à mucosa ulcerada foi encontrada em 160/201 (79,60%). Em 26/201 (12,93%) a abomasite apresentava focos difusos de proliferação linfocítica multifocal por linfócitos atípicos. As comorbidades digestivas e reprodutivas foram observadas com maior frequência em bovinos com úlceras tipo 1 ou tipo 2. As úlceras focais subtipo 1b e úlceras multifocais subtipo 1a e 1b foram mais prevalentes. Além da presença de comorbidades, a maioria dos casos ocorrerem no período seco, associados à alimentação com maiores aportes de concentrados e silagens.(AU)

Outbreak of abomasal bloat in goat kids due to Clostridium ventriculi and Clostridium perfringens type A

We described an outbreak of abomasal bloat in goat kids. Increased mortality with a history of abdominal bloating, dullness, and death was reported. Postmortem exanimation revealed dehydration, pale mucosa, ascites, abomasal tympanism and intestinal meteorism and congestion, and emphysematous abomasitis. Cytological evaluation from abomasum revealed gram-positive bacteria with a cuboid shape suggestive of Clostridium ventriculi, gram-positive bacilli suggestive of Clostridium perfringens, and ovoid basophilic yeasts. C. ventriculi and C. perfringens type A were confirmed by anaerobic culture and molecular tests. Histopathological findings revealed emphysematous abomasitis, necrosis of the gastric and intestinal walls, gastroenteritis, and intestinal thromboembolism. The possible associated factor was erroneous use of the milk replacer associated with inadequate kid management. Finally, the prophylactic measures suggested such as hygiene care, proper use of milk replacer, clostridial vaccination plan, and a good colostrum management were able to control the outbreak.(AU)

Cobalt deficiency in cattle and its impact on production / Deficiência de cobalto em bovinos e seu impacto na produção

Two outbreaks of cobalt deficiency in beef cattle were diagnosed in Midwestern Brazil. We discuss the clinical, epidemiological, pathological features, therapeutic measures, and impact aspects of the production system associated with these outbreaks occurring outbreaks in two farms of extensive cattle raising-system in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Seven affected cattle were euthanized and necropsied. Tissues for histopathology and microelements dosage were secured. At Farm A, 3100 cattle of all ages got sick, and 396 died; at Farm B, 148 were affected, and 110 died. In both farms, cattle were fed the same mineral supplement. The main clinical signs were weight loss and weakness, even though a good supply of forage was available in the paddocks. Many cattle stop grazing and chew at tree barks, wood chips from fence posts, and bones. In addition to the deaths, there was a compromised growth, and the reproductive rates fell sharply. The necropsied cattle were thin, with rough hair coat and pale mucous membranes. The liver was diffusely orange and showed a lobular pattern. The bone marrow was gelatinous and diffusely yellow. Histological changes included hemosiderosis in the liver and spleen, hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration, and myeloid and erythroid hypoplasia of the bone marrow. In the white matter of four cattle's brains, the myelin sheath was markedly distended (spongy degeneration). Proliferative parasitic abomasitis was observed in three cattle. The presumptive diagnosis was based on the association of the clinical picture, the necropsy findings, and the ruling out of other possible causes. The diagnosis was confirmed by the favorable response to treatment with cobalt and vitamin B12 orally and by mineral supplementation.(AU)

Dois surtos de deficiência de cobalto em bovinos de corte foram diagnosticados. Os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, anatomopatológicos, terapêuticos e impactos no sistema de produção são descritos e discutidos. Os surtos ocorreram em duas fazendas de criação extensiva estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Sete bovinos afetados foram eutanasiados e necropsiados. Na necropsia foram colhidas amostras para exames histopatológicos e dosagem de microelementos. Na Fazenda A, 3100 bovinos de todas as idades adoeceram e 396 morreram e na Fazenda B, 148 bovinos adoeceram e 110 morreram. Ambas as fazendas utilizavam o mesmo suplemento mineral. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram emagrecimento e fraqueza, apesar da boa oferta de forragem nos piquetes, muitos bovinos deixaram de pastejar e comiam cascas de árvores, madeira das porteiras e ossos. Além das mortes, tiveram crescimento comprometido e os índices reprodutivos tiveram queda acentuada. Os bovinos necropsiados estavam magros, com os pelos arrepiados e mucosas pálidas. O fígado estava difusamente alaranjado e com evidenciação do padrão lobular. A medula óssea estava de consistência gelatinosa e difusamente amarelada. Alterações histológicas incluíam degeneração vacuolar hemossiderose que era moderada no fígado e marcada no baço. Hipoplasia mieloide e eritoide era vista na medula óssea. Na substância branca do encéfalo de quatro bovinos, a bainha de mielina estava marcadamente distendida (degeneração esponjosa). Abomasite parasitária proliferativa foi observada em três bovinos. O diagnóstico presuntivo baseou-se na associação do quadro clínico, nos achados de necropsia e na eliminação de outras possíveis causas. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela resposta favorável ao tratamento com cobalto e vitamina B12 por via oral, e a suplementação mineral.(AU)

Cobalt deficiency in cattle and its impact on production / Deficiência de cobalto em bovinos e seu impacto na produção

Two outbreaks of cobalt deficiency in beef cattle were diagnosed in Midwestern Brazil. We discuss the clinical, epidemiological, pathological features, therapeutic measures, and impact aspects of the production system associated with these outbreaks occurring outbreaks in two farms of extensive cattle raising-system in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Seven affected cattle were euthanized and necropsied. Tissues for histopathology and microelements dosage were secured. At Farm A, 3100 cattle of all ages got sick, and 396 died; at Farm B, 148 were affected, and 110 died. In both farms, cattle were fed the same mineral supplement. The main clinical signs were weight loss and weakness, even though a good supply of forage was available in the paddocks. Many cattle stop grazing and chew at tree barks, wood chips from fence posts, and bones. In addition to the deaths, there was a compromised growth, and the reproductive rates fell sharply. The necropsied cattle were thin, with rough hair coat and pale mucous membranes. The liver was diffusely orange and showed a lobular pattern. The bone marrow was gelatinous and diffusely yellow. Histological changes included hemosiderosis in the liver and spleen, hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration, and myeloid and erythroid hypoplasia of the bone marrow. In the white matter of four cattle's brains, the myelin sheath was markedly distended (spongy degeneration). Proliferative parasitic abomasitis was observed in three cattle. The presumptive diagnosis was based on the association of the clinical picture, the necropsy findings, and the ruling out of other possible causes. The diagnosis was confirmed by the favorable response to treatment with cobalt and vitamin B12 orally and by mineral supplementation.(AU)

Dois surtos de deficiência de cobalto em bovinos de corte foram diagnosticados. Os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, anatomopatológicos, terapêuticos e impactos no sistema de produção são descritos e discutidos. Os surtos ocorreram em duas fazendas de criação extensiva estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Sete bovinos afetados foram eutanasiados e necropsiados. Na necropsia foram colhidas amostras para exames histopatológicos e dosagem de microelementos. Na Fazenda A, 3100 bovinos de todas as idades adoeceram e 396 morreram e na Fazenda B, 148 bovinos adoeceram e 110 morreram. Ambas as fazendas utilizavam o mesmo suplemento mineral. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram emagrecimento e fraqueza, apesar da boa oferta de forragem nos piquetes, muitos bovinos deixaram de pastejar e comiam cascas de árvores, madeira das porteiras e ossos. Além das mortes, tiveram crescimento comprometido e os índices reprodutivos tiveram queda acentuada. Os bovinos necropsiados estavam magros, com os pelos arrepiados e mucosas pálidas. O fígado estava difusamente alaranjado e com evidenciação do padrão lobular. A medula óssea estava de consistência gelatinosa e difusamente amarelada. Alterações histológicas incluíam degeneração vacuolar hemossiderose que era moderada no fígado e marcada no baço. Hipoplasia mieloide e eritoide era vista na medula óssea. Na substância branca do encéfalo de quatro bovinos, a bainha de mielina estava marcadamente distendida (degeneração esponjosa). Abomasite parasitária proliferativa foi observada em três bovinos. O diagnóstico presuntivo baseou-se na associação do quadro clínico, nos achados de necropsia e na eliminação de outras possíveis causas. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela resposta favorável ao tratamento com cobalto e vitamina B12 por via oral, e a suplementação mineral.(AU)

Emphysematous abomasitis in a lamb by bacteria of the Sarcina genus in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT: Abomasal bloat associated with Sarcina genus bacteria is a rare condition reported in young ruminants. An outbreak characterized by the sudden death of eight lambs from a total of 80 lambs (30 days-old) occurred on a property located in the city of Palmares do Sul in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Deaths began to occur after the introduction of supplementation into the diet of lambs. At necropsy, the abomasum was distended by gas and had diffusely thickened walls and emphysema. On microscopic examination, the abomasum showed marked diffuse emphysema and multifocal areas of mild superficial necrosis with many coccoid structures measuring approximately 2µm in diameter, arranged in tetrads, compatible with Sarcina genus bacteria. After removing supplementation from the diet, no more deaths occurred. The diagnosis of this case was established by gross and microscopic lesions in addition to the clinical and epidemiological findings. Therefore, it was concluded that it was an outbreak of emphysematous abomasitis by Sarcina genus bacteria in lambs.

RESUMO: Timpanismo abomasal associado a bactérias do gênero Sarcina é uma enfermidade relativamente rara e reportada em ruminantes jovens. Um surto com morte súbita, acometendo oito cordeiros (30 dias de idade), de um total de 80, ocorreu em uma propriedade localizada no município de Palmares do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. As mortes começaram a ocorrer após a introdução de suplementação na dieta dos cordeiros. Um cordeiro foi necropsiado e apresentava o abomaso distendido por gás, com parede espessada e aspecto enfisematoso. No exame microscópico, o abomaso apresentou, além de enfisema difuso acentuado, áreas multifocais de discreta necrose superficial, com inúmeras estruturas cocoides, de aproximadamente 2µm de diâmetro, arranjadas em tétrades, compatíveis com bactérias do gênero Sarcina. Após a remoção da suplementação da dieta, não ocorreram mais óbitos. O diagnóstico desse caso foi estabelecido a partir dos achados macroscópicos e microscópicos observados no abomaso e, devido à apresentação clínica e epidemiológica dos demais casos, concluiu-se que se tratou de um surto de abomasite enfisematosa em cordeiros por bactérias do gênero Sarcina.

Emphysematous abomasitis in a lamb by bacteria of the Sarcina genus in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT: Abomasal bloat associated with Sarcina genus bacteria is a rare condition reported in young ruminants. An outbreak characterized by the sudden death of eight lambs from a total of 80 lambs (30 days-old) occurred on a property located in the city of Palmares do Sul in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Deaths began to occur after the introduction of supplementation into the diet of lambs. At necropsy, the abomasum was distended by gas and had diffusely thickened walls and emphysema. On microscopic examination, the abomasum showed marked diffuse emphysema and multifocal areas of mild superficial necrosis with many coccoid structures measuring approximately 2µm in diameter, arranged in tetrads, compatible with Sarcina genus bacteria. After removing supplementation from the diet, no more deaths occurred. The diagnosis of this case was established by gross and microscopic lesions in addition to the clinical and epidemiological findings. Therefore, it was concluded that it was an outbreak of emphysematous abomasitis by Sarcina genus bacteria in lambs.

RESUMO: Timpanismo abomasal associado a bactérias do gênero Sarcina é uma enfermidade relativamente rara e reportada em ruminantes jovens. Um surto com morte súbita, acometendo oito cordeiros (30 dias de idade), de um total de 80, ocorreu em uma propriedade localizada no município de Palmares do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. As mortes começaram a ocorrer após a introdução de suplementação na dieta dos cordeiros. Um cordeiro foi necropsiado e apresentava o abomaso distendido por gás, com parede espessada e aspecto enfisematoso. No exame microscópico, o abomaso apresentou, além de enfisema difuso acentuado, áreas multifocais de discreta necrose superficial, com inúmeras estruturas cocoides, de aproximadamente 2µm de diâmetro, arranjadas em tétrades, compatíveis com bactérias do gênero Sarcina. Após a remoção da suplementação da dieta, não ocorreram mais óbitos. O diagnóstico desse caso foi estabelecido a partir dos achados macroscópicos e microscópicos observados no abomaso e, devido à apresentação clínica e epidemiológica dos demais casos, concluiu-se que se tratou de um surto de abomasite enfisematosa em cordeiros por bactérias do gênero Sarcina.

Emphysematous abomasitis in a lamb by bacteria of the Sarcina genus in Southern Brazil / Abomasite enfisematosa por bactérias do gênero Sarcina em um cordeiro no sul do Brasil

Abomasal bloat associated with Sarcina genus bacteria is a rare condition reported in young ruminants. An outbreak characterized by the sudden death of eight lambs from a total of 80 lambs (30 days-old) occurred on a property located in the city of Palmares do Sul in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Deaths began to occur after the introduction of supplementation into the diet of lambs. At necropsy, the abomasum was distended by gas and had diffusely thickened walls and emphysema. On microscopic examination, the abomasum showed marked diffuse emphysema and multifocal areas of mild superficial necrosis with many coccoid structures measuring approximately 2µm in diameter, arranged in tetrads, compatible with Sarcina genus bacteria. After removing supplementation from the diet, no more deaths occurred. The diagnosis of this case was established by gross and microscopic lesions in addition to the clinical and epidemiological findings. Therefore, it was concluded that it was an outbreak of emphysematous abomasitis by Sarcina genus bacteria in lambs.(AU)

Timpanismo abomasal associado a bactérias do gênero Sarcina é uma enfermidade relativamente rara e reportada em ruminantes jovens. Um surto com morte súbita, acometendo oito cordeiros (30 dias de idade), de um total de 80, ocorreu em uma propriedade localizada no município de Palmares do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. As mortes começaram a ocorrer após a introdução de suplementação na dieta dos cordeiros. Um cordeiro foi necropsiado e apresentava o abomaso distendido por gás, com parede espessada e aspecto enfisematoso. No exame microscópico, o abomaso apresentou, além de enfisema difuso acentuado, áreas multifocais de discreta necrose superficial, com inúmeras estruturas cocoides, de aproximadamente 2µm de diâmetro, arranjadas em tétrades, compatíveis com bactérias do gênero Sarcina. Após a remoção da suplementação da dieta, não ocorreram mais óbitos. O diagnóstico desse caso foi estabelecido a partir dos achados macroscópicos e microscópicos observados no abomaso e, devido à apresentação clínica e epidemiológica dos demais casos, concluiu-se que se tratou de um surto de abomasite enfisematosa em cordeiros por bactérias do gênero Sarcina.(AU)

Deficiência de cobalto em bovinos e seu impacto na produção

Dois surtos de deficiência de cobalto em bovinos de corte foram diagnosticados. Os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, anatomopatológicos, terapêuticos e impactos no sistema de produção são descritos e discutidos. Os surtos ocorreram em duas fazendas de criação extensiva estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro-Oeste Brasileiro. Sete bovinos afetados foram eutanasiados e necropsiados. Na necropsia foram colhidas amostras para exames histopatológicos e dosagem de microelementos. Na Fazenda A, 3100 bovinos de todas as idades adoeceram e 396 morreram e na Fazenda B, 148 bovinos adoeceram e 110 morreram. Ambas as fazendas utilizavam o mesmo suplemento mineral. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram emagrecimento e fraqueza, apesar da boa oferta de forragem nos piquetes, muitos bovinos deixaram de pastejar e comiam cascas de árvores, madeira das porteiras e ossos. Além das mortes, tiveram crescimento comprometido e os índices reprodutivos tiveram queda acentuada. Os bovinos necropsiados estavam magros, com os pelos arrepiados e mucosas pálidas. O fígado estava difusamente alaranjado e com evidenciação do padrão lobular. A medula óssea estava gelatinosa e difusamente amarelada. Alterações histológicas incluíam degeneração vacuolar e hemossiderose que era moderada no fígado e marcada no baço. Hipoplasia mieloide e eritroide era vista na medula óssea. Na substância branca do encéfalo de quatro bovinos, a bainha de mielina estava marcadamente distendida (degeneração esponjosa). Abomasite parasitária proliferativa foi observada em três bovinos. Os níveis de Co foram baixos no fígado de dois bovinos (0,06 e 0,09 mg / kg), e os de Cu foram normais (de 190,99 a 380,24 mg / kg). O diagnóstico presuntivo baseou-se na associação do quadro clínico, nos achados de necropsia e na eliminação de outras possíveis causas. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela resposta favorável ao tratamento com cobalto e vitamina B12 por via oral, e a suplementação mineral.

Two outbreaks of cobalt deficiency in beef cattle were diagnosed in Midwestern Brazil. We discuss the clinical, epidemiological, pathological features, therapeutic measures, and impact aspects of the production system associated with these outbreaks occurring outbreaks in two farms of extensive cattle raising-system in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Seven affected cattle were euthanized and necropsied. Tissues for histopathology and microelements dosage were secured. At Farm A, 3100 cattle of all ages got sick, and 396 died; at Farm B, 148 were affected, and 110 died. In both farms, cattle were fed the same mineral supplement. The main clinical signs were weight loss and weakness, even though a good supply of forage was available in the paddocks. Many cattle stop grazing and chew at tree barks, wood chips from fence posts, and bones. In addition to the deaths, there was a compromised growth, and the reproductive rates fell sharply. The necropsied cattle were thin, with rough hair coat and pale mucous membranes. The liver was diffusely orange and showed a lobular pattern. The bone marrow was gelatinous and diffusely yellow. Histological changes included hemosiderosis in the liver and spleen, hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration, and myeloid and erythroid hypoplasia of the bone marrow. In the white matter of four cattle's brains, the myelin sheath was markedly distended (spongy degeneration). Proliferative parasitic abomasitis was observed in three cattle. Levels of Co were low in the liver of two cattle (0.06 and 0.09 mg/kg), and those of Cu were normal (from 190.99 to 380.24mg/kg). The presumptive diagnosis was based on the association of the clinical picture, the necropsy findings, and the ruling out of other possible causes. The diagnosis was confirmed by the favorable response to treatment with cobalt and vitamin B12 orally and by mineral supplementation.

Achados clínicos, laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos de bezerros com úlceras de abomaso / Clinical, laboratory and anatomopathological findings of abomasal ulcers in calves

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar os principais achados clínicos, laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos de oito bezerros acometidos com úlceras de abomaso, atendidos na Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns/Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, no período de 2000 a 2014. As principais queixas relatadas pelos proprietários foram: apatia e em alguns casos diarreia de coloração enegrecida. Ao exame físico foram evidenciadas: apatia, anorexia, palidez de mucosas, caquexia, hipertermia e desidratação de grau moderado a grave. Ao exame do abdômen foram constatadas alterações no contorno, hipomotilidade ruminal, abomasal e intestinal. As fezes se apresentaram na grande maioria dos casos pastosas, de coloração enegrecida, fétidas e com muco. Alguns dos animais apresentaram doenças concomitantes: broncopneumonia, tristeza parasitária, timpanismo e diarreia. Dos oito animais atendidos, sete vieram a óbito e apenas um recebeu alta. Dentre as alterações encontradas no hemograma chamaram atenção leucocitose por neutrofilia ( = 18.400/μL). Hipoproteinemia, hiperfibrinogenemia e diminuição do hematócrito. A análise do fluído ruminal destacou o comprometimento acentuado do número de infusórios vivos, diminuição da densidade e motilidade, odor alterado, coloração quase sempre enegrecida e elevação no teor de cloretos ( = 73,58 mEq/L). Os principais achados anatomopatológicos foram: úlceras de tamanhos e tipos variados distribuídas pela mucosa abomasal, coágulos no lúmen do órgão, estenose pilórica e peritonite difusa. Diante desses achados conclui-se que esta enfermidade tem grande importância econômica e produtiva, principalmente em animais mais jovens como os bezerros que quando acometidos possuem risco de morte.

The aim of this study was to report the main clinical, laboratory and pathological findings of eight affected calves abomasum ulcers treated at Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns / Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, from 2000 to 2014. The main complaints the owners were apathy and in some cases diarrhea blackish color. Physical examination was shown apathy, anorexia, pale mucous membranes, cachexia, hyperthermia and moderate to severe dehydration. On examination of the abdomen changes were observed in the contour, ruminal, abomasal and intestinal hypomotility. The faeces presented in most cases pasty, blackened color, malodorous and mucus. Some of the animals had concomitant diseases: pneumonia, tick fever, bloating and diarrhea. Of the eight animals served seven came to death and only one was discharged. Among the changes found in the count blood cells called attention leukocytosis by neutrophilia ( = 18,400 / uL). Hypoproteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia and decreased hematocrit. The analysis of ruminal fluid highlighted the severe impairment of the number of live infusoria, reduced density and motility, altered odor, color almost always blackened and increase in chloride content ( = 73.58 mEq / L). The main pathological findings were different sizes and types of ulcers distributed by abomasal mucosa, blood clots in the lumen of the organ, pyloric stenosis and diffuse peritonitis. Given these findings it is accomplished that this disease is very important economic and productive, especially in younger animals as calves when affected has risk of death.

Achados clínicos, laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos de bezerros com úlceras de abomaso / Clinical, laboratory and anatomopathological findings of abomasal ulcers in calves

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar os principais achados clínicos, laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos de oito bezerros acometidos com úlceras de abomaso, atendidos na Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns/Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, no período de 2000 a 2014. As principais queixas relatadas pelos proprietários foram: apatia e em alguns casos diarreia de coloração enegrecida. Ao exame físico foram evidenciadas: apatia, anorexia, palidez de mucosas, caquexia, hipertermia e desidratação de grau moderado a grave. Ao exame do abdômen foram constatadas alterações no contorno, hipomotilidade ruminal, abomasal e intestinal. As fezes se apresentaram na grande maioria dos casos pastosas, de coloração enegrecida, fétidas e com muco. Alguns dos animais apresentaram doenças concomitantes: broncopneumonia, tristeza parasitária, timpanismo e diarreia. Dos oito animais atendidos, sete vieram a óbito e apenas um recebeu alta. Dentre as alterações encontradas no hemograma chamaram atenção leucocitose por neutrofilia ( = 18.400/μL). Hipoproteinemia, hiperfibrinogenemia e diminuição do hematócrito. A análise do fluído ruminal destacou o comprometimento acentuado do número de infusórios vivos, diminuição da densidade e motilidade, odor alterado, coloração quase sempre enegrecida e elevação no teor de cloretos ( = 73,58 mEq/L). Os principais achados anatomopatológicos foram: úlceras de tamanhos e tipos variados distribuídas pela mucosa abomasal, coágulos no lúmen do órgão, estenose pilórica e peritonite difusa. Diante desses achados conclui-se que esta enfermidade tem grande importância econômica e produtiva, principalmente em animais mais jovens como os bezerros que quando acometidos possuem risco de morte.(AU)

The aim of this study was to report the main clinical, laboratory and pathological findings of eight affected calves abomasum ulcers treated at Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns / Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, from 2000 to 2014. The main complaints the owners were apathy and in some cases diarrhea blackish color. Physical examination was shown apathy, anorexia, pale mucous membranes, cachexia, hyperthermia and moderate to severe dehydration. On examination of the abdomen changes were observed in the contour, ruminal, abomasal and intestinal hypomotility. The faeces presented in most cases pasty, blackened color, malodorous and mucus. Some of the animals had concomitant diseases: pneumonia, tick fever, bloating and diarrhea. Of the eight animals served seven came to death and only one was discharged. Among the changes found in the count blood cells called attention leukocytosis by neutrophilia ( = 18,400 / uL). Hypoproteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia and decreased hematocrit. The analysis of ruminal fluid highlighted the severe impairment of the number of live infusoria, reduced density and motility, altered odor, color almost always blackened and increase in chloride content ( = 73.58 mEq / L). The main pathological findings were different sizes and types of ulcers distributed by abomasal mucosa, blood clots in the lumen of the organ, pyloric stenosis and diffuse peritonitis. Given these findings it is accomplished that this disease is very important economic and productive, especially in younger animals as calves when affected has risk of death.(AU)

Baccharis coridifolia Poisoning in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the North of the Province of Corrientes, Argentina

Eight of 57 water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) died after grazing 30 days on 38-hectare pasture contaminated with Baccharis coridifolia in the north of the Province of Corrientes (northeastern Argentina). Most were found dead, others showed depression, anorexia, diarrhea, incoordination of movements and collision against fences. The conditions that caused the poisoning were overgrazing, poor pasture and lack of aversion to the consumption of Baccharis coridifolia. Gross findings included necrotic rumenitis, necrotic-hemorrhagic abomasitis, necrotic-hemorrhagic enteritis and marked brain edema. The histopathological findings were necrosis of the epithelium of the mucosa of the forestomachs, necrosis and hemorrhage in mucosa of the small intestine, necrosis of lymphocytes in lymph follicles in spleen and thymus and vasogenic brain edema. The lesions, except for brain edema, are typically reported in cattle intoxicated by Baccharis coridifolia. Vasogenic brain edema is not described in any animal species naturally or experimentally intoxicated with this plant; this change may be due to direct toxic effect of Baccharis coridifolia that cause vascular injury or was a secondary injury.

Baccharis coridifolia Poisoning in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the North of the Province of Corrientes, Argentina

Eight of 57 water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) died after grazing 30 days on 38-hectare pasture contaminated with Baccharis coridifolia in the north of the Province of Corrientes (northeastern Argentina). Most were found dead, others showed depression, anorexia, diarrhea, incoordination of movements and collision against fences. The conditions that caused the poisoning were overgrazing, poor pasture and lack of aversion to the consumption of Baccharis coridifolia. Gross findings included necrotic rumenitis, necrotic-hemorrhagic abomasitis, necrotic-hemorrhagic enteritis and marked brain edema. The histopathological findings were necrosis of the epithelium of the mucosa of the forestomachs, necrosis and hemorrhage in mucosa of the small intestine, necrosis of lymphocytes in lymph follicles in spleen and thymus and vasogenic brain edema. The lesions, except for brain edema, are typically reported in cattle intoxicated by Baccharis coridifolia. Vasogenic brain edema is not described in any animal species naturally or experimentally intoxicated with this plant; this change may be due to direct toxic effect of Baccharis coridifolia that cause vascular injury or was a secondary injury.(AU)

Mensuração do PH intraluminal do abomaso em garrotes hígidos recebendo Omeprazol oral.

As úlceras de abomaso têm apresentado ocorrência crescente em bovinos de produção intensiva. No tratamento, utilizam-se medicamentos que aumentam o pH intraluminal do abomaso. Um desses fármacos é o omeprazol. Em bezerros, ainda pré-ruminantes, o efeito benéfico desse medicamento já foi bem evidenciado. Objetivou-se mensurar o pH intraluminal do abomaso em bovinos hígidos com 12 meses de idade recebendo omeprazol administrado via oral em duas apresentações, pasta e granulado. Foram utilizados 5 bovinos hígidos, com aproximadamente 12 meses de idade. O experimento consistiu em três grupos: grupo controle (GC), grupo pasta (GP) animais que receberam omeprazol na dose de (4 mg/kg) pela via oral em excipiente pasta cada 24 horas, e grupo granulado (GG) animais que receberam omeprazol na dose de (4 mg/kg) pela via oral em excipiente granulado cada 24 horas. Os tratamentos perduraram por 15 dias em cada grupo, com intervalos de 14 dias entre eles. As analises entre os três grupos, revelam que administração do omeprazol nos grupos GP e GG, proporcionou aumento dos valores de pH intraluminal do abomaso com diferença estatística no tocante ao GC, contudo esse acréscimo não foi observado no primeiro dia nos dois grupos tratamentos: GP (p = 0.100) e GG (p = 0.790), e também não foi notado no 14º dia do GP (p = 0.060). O presente estudo demonstrou que ocorreu um aumento significativo no pH intraluminal do abomaso dos animais que receberam o omeprazol, porém há a necessidade de realização de mais estudos terapêuticos com animais acometidos de abomasite e ulcera de abomaso.

Abomasal ulcers have been shown to be an increasing occurrence in cattle of intensive production. In the treatment, drugs are used that increase the intraluminal pH of the abomasum. One such drug is omeprazole. In calves, still pre-ruminants, the beneficial effect of this medicine has already been well evidenced. The objective of this study was to measure the intraluminal pH of the abomasum in healthy cattle at 12 months of age receiving omeprazole administered orally in two presentations, paste and granulate. Five healthy cattle, approximately 12 months old, were used. The experiment consisted of three groups: control group (CG), paste group (PG) animals that received omeprazole at the dose of (4 mg / kg) by oral route in pasta excipient every 24 hours, and granular group (GG) animals that received Omeprazole at the dose of (4 mg / kg) orally in granular excipient every 24 hours. The treatments lasted for 15 days in each group, with intervals of 14 days between them. Analyzes between the three groups revealed that administration of omeprazole in the PG and GG groups resulted in an increase in the intraluminal pH values of the abomasum with a statistical difference regarding CG, but this increase was not observed on the first day in the two treatments: GP (P = 0.100) and GG (p = 0.790), and it was also not noticed on the 14th day of PG (p = 0.060). The present study demonstrated that there was a significant increase in the intraluminal pH of the abomasum of the animals that received omeprazole, but it is necessary to carry out further therapeutic studies with animals affected by abomasitis and abomasal ulcer.

Intoxicação aguda por metano arsonato ácido monossódico em bovinos / Acute poisoning by monosodium methanearsonic acid in cattle

O presente trabalho estudou a intoxicação acidental por arsênico em um lote de 24 vacas Girolando, as quais tiveram acesso a pasto pulverizado com herbicida à base de metano arsonato ácido monossódico (MSMA). Os bovinos apresentaram apatia, anorexia e diarreia profusa. Foram necropsiados na fazenda dois animais de 14 que morreram. Os principais achados macroscópicos foram úlceras abomasais e congestão renal. No exame microscópico, as principais lesões observadas foram abomasite e omasite necro-hemorrágica multifocal acentuada e, nos rins, necrose tubular difusa. As concentrações médias de arsênico em vacas com sinais clínicos foram 1,19±0,40, 10,52±2,16 e 76,06±48,37ppm no sangue, leite e fezes, respectivamente. Os níveis de arsênico encontrados em dois animais necropsiados foram 25,58 e 23,85ppm em fígado, e 28,71 e 35,94ppm em rins, respectivamente. No feto de uma vaca necropsiada, os níveis de arsênico mensurados no fígado e rim foram 9,0 e 8,92ppm, respectivamente. A concentração de arsênico no capim do piquete pulverizado foi 111,58ppm. No Brasil, o uso MSMA na composição de pesticidas e herbicidas é permitido somente para uso agrícola, mas não pecuário. A utilização desse ou de outros produtos à base de arsênico na pecuária pode causar altos índices de mortalidade no rebanho, além de diminuição da produção e contaminação de produtos de origem animal.(AU)

Poisoning by monosodium methanearsonic acid (MSMA) is reported in a herd of 24 Girolando cows that were introduced into a pasture sprayed with the herbicide. Clinical signs were apathy, anorexia, and profuse diarrhea. Fourteen cows died and two were necropsied. Abomasal ulcers and renal congestion was observed. Main histologic lesions were multifocal, accentuated, necrotizing and hemorrhagic abomasitis and omasitis, and tubular necrosis in the kidneys. Mean arsenic concentrations in cows with clinical signs were 1.19±0.40, 10.52±2.16, and 76.06±48.37ppm in blood, milk, and feces, respectively. In the two necropsied cows arsenic concentrations were 25.58 and 23.85ppm in liver, and 28.71 and 35.94ppm in kidney, respectively. In a fetus of a cow that was necropsied, arsenic concentrations were 9.0 and 8.92ppm in liver and kidney, respectively. Arsenic concentration in the grass collected from the paddock sprayed with MSMA was 111.58ppm. In Brazil, the use of MSMA in the composition of herbicides is allowed only for agricultural use, not for livestock. The use of arsenic based products for livestock can lead to high mortality rates in the herd, as well as reduced production and contamination of animal products.(AU)