Effects of amylin on egg quality traits of hens during the early laying period

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of amylin, a pancreatic hormone polypeptide, on egg quality traits in laying hens. A total of 40 birds (14 wk of age) were randomly divided into two treatments with two replicates, 10 birds in each replicate. Twenty birds were subcutaneously injected with amylin at 75 µg/kg every other day (treatment 1), and the remaining animals (20 hens) were given only water as the control group (treatment 2). Eggs collected from the two groups (140 eggs per group) were examined for several quality performance traits such as egg weight, specific gravity, shape index, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, eggshell ash, eggshell weight, Haugh unit (HU), albumen index, yolk index, yolk color, and albumen height. The results indicated that amylin had a positive effect on some egg quality traits in laying hens. Specific gravity, eggshell thickness, eggshell weight, HU, albumen index, yolk index, and albumen height, which are all considered as important quality parameters from the consumer point of view, especially HU, were relatively improved in the amylin treatment group. These results showed that the injection of 75 µg/kg amylin has a significant effect on some egg quality traits. Considering that egg quality characteristics are crucial for the egg industry, this study can be a reference for the detailed investigation of the use of amylin in the different stages of egg production.

Parâmetros metabólicos, inflamatórios e de saciedade de gatos obesos alimentados com dieta com adição de beta-glucanos

RISOLIA, L.W. Parâmetros metabólicos, inflamatórios e de saciedade de gatos obesos alimentados com dieta com adição de beta-glucanos. 2021. 104 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2021. Beta-glucanos são polissacarídeos que podem melhorar diversas alterações metabólicas e de saciedade consequentes à obesidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de 0,06% de beta-glucanos na dieta de gatos obesos em parâmetros do metabolismo de carboidratos e lipídeos, indicadores de resistência insulínica, citocinas inflamatórias, parâmetros de saciedade e coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) dos nutrientes. Nove gatos diagnosticados com obesidade não-induzida [(grupo obeso OB) escore de condição corporal (ECC) 8-9 /9] e nove gatos não obesos [(Grupo controle CO) ECC 5/9] foram alimentados por 15 dias (T0) com a dieta controle (0,0% de beta-glucanos) e depois por 90 dias (T90) com a dieta teste (0,06% de beta-glucanos). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas em T0 e T90 para avaliação do índice HOMA (insulina basal x glicemia basal/22,5), concentrações plasmáticas de triglicerídeos, colesterol e lipoproteínas (por método enzimático-colorimétrico e cromatografia líquida para separação rápida de proteínas FPLC), anandamida (por ELISA), frutosamina (por ensaio colorimétrico cinético), amilina, interleucina 10 (IL-10), grelina e peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon 1 (GLP-1) (por reação em cadeia de polimerase em tempo real quantitativo). A composição corporal também foi avaliada no início e final do estudo pelo método de diluição de isótopos de deutério. Foram utilizados sete gatos do centro de pesquisa para a determinação do CDA das dietas, pelo método de coleta total de fezes. Para avaliar a comparação entre os grupos e o efeito da dieta foi realizado teste de ANOVA com medidas repetidas no tempo. Quando houve diferença entre as médias foi realizado o teste de Tukey. Para a análise de consumo de beta-glucanos, digestibilidade e resultados da análise de expressão gênica, os dados foram analisados por análise de variância e, valores de P<0,05 foram considerados significativos. O grupo CO consumiu mais beta-glucanos do que o OB e em T90, foi observado aumento de massa muscular em CO e OB sem alteração da gordura corporal. Não houve diferença nas concentrações de frutosamina e anandamida entre os grupos antes e após o consumo da dieta Teste. O grupo OB apresentou maior concentração de colesterol e triglicerídeos em VLDL (%; mg/dL), maior índice HOMA e maior concentração de insulina do que o CO, independente da dieta. O grupo CO apresentou maior concentração de triglicérides em LDL (%; mg/dL) e em HDL (%), independente da dieta. Em T0, o grupo CO apresentou maior concentração de colesterol total (TCOL) do que o OB. Em T90, o grupo OB apresentou aumento de TCOL e em LDL (%; mg/dL) além de redução de colesterol em HDL. Não houve variação na expressão gênica de amilina, GLP-1, grelina e IL-10 entre os grupos. A inclusão de beta-glucano não alterou o CDA dos nutrientes após o consumo do alimento Teste pelos dois grupos. Concluise que com a dose utilizada no presente estudo, o consumo de beta-glucanos não proporciona melhora dos parâmetros do metabolismo de carboidratos, lipídeos, inflamação, saciedade e não altera o CDA dos nutrientes.

RISOLIA, L.W. Metabolic, inflammatory and satiety parameters of obese cats fed a diet with the addition of beta glucans. 2021. 104 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2020. Beta-glucans are polysaccharides capable of improving many satiety and metabolic alterations related to obesity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of 0.06% of beta-glucans in the diet of obese cats in parameters of carbohidrates and lipids metabolism, insuin resistance indicators, pro-inflamatory citokines, satiety parameters and nutrients aparent digestibility coefficient (ADC). For that, nine client owned cats with non induced obesity [(obese group - OB) body condition score (BCS) 8-9/9] and nine client owned lean cats [(Control Group - CO) BCS 5/9] were fed for 15 days (T0) with a control diet (0,0% of beta-glucans) and then for 90 days (T90) with a test diet (0.06% of beta-glucans). Blood samples were collected at T0 and T90 in order to evaluate the HOMA index (basal insulin x basal glucose/22.5), triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoproteins (through enzymatic - colorimetric method and fast protein liquid chromatography - FLPC), anandamide (through ELISA), fructosamine (through kinetic colorimetric assay), amylin, interleukin 10 (IL-10), ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (through quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction). The body composition was also evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study through deuterium isotope dilution technique. The ADC test was carried out with 7 cats from the research center through total feces collection. In order to evaluate the comparison between the groups, a repeated measures ANOVA test was performed. When differences between the averages occurred, the Tukey test was run. For the beta-glucans consumption, digestibility and gene expression results analysis, the data were analyzed through the variance analysis. The CO group consumed more beta-glucans than the OB and at T90 it was observed muscle mass (MM) gain in CO and OB without any change in body fat. There wasn't any difference in fructosamine and anandamide between the groups before and after the consumption of the experimental diet. The OB group presented more cholesterol and triglycerides in VLDL (%; mg/dL), HOMA index and insulin than in CO, regardless of the diet. The CO group presented more triglycerides in LDL (%; mg/dL) and in HDL (%), regardless of the diet. At T0, the CO group had more total cholesterol than the OB group. At T90, the OB group showed an increase in total and LDL cholesterol (%; mg/dL) in addition to a reduction in HDL cholesterol. There was no variation in amylin, GLP-1, ghrelin and IL-10, nor in the nutrient CDA after consumption of beta-glucans. It is concluded that with the dose used in this study, the consumption of beta-glucans does not improve the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, lipids, inflammation, satiety and does not change the ADC of nutrients.

Correlations between endogen amylin hormone and some hormonal, biochemical and bone parameters in pullets

The objective of this study was to assess the correlations of amylin (a pancreatic polypeptide hormone) with some hormonal, biochemical and bone parameters in pullets. Forty 18-week-old pullets were used. Plasma amylin, CT (calcitonin), 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D (1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol ), serum osteocalcin, glucose, ALP (alkaline phosphatase), cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as weight, length and total volume of tibiotarsi were measured. Plasma amylin concentration was negatively correlated with serum cholesterol (p 0.05) and triglycerides (p 0.05) concentrations. Plasma amylin concentration was significantly and positively correlated with plasma calcitonin concentrations (p 0.001). Serum ALP and plasma amylin concentrations were positively correlated (p 0.01). There were no correlations between amylin hormone and other parameters. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that endogen amylin may effect cholesterol, triglycerides, calcitonin, and ALP levels in pullets without changing some other hormonal, biochemical and bone parameters related to calcium and lipid metabolism.

Correlations between endogen amylin hormone and some hormonal, biochemical and bone parameters in pullets

The objective of this study was to assess the correlations of amylin (a pancreatic polypeptide hormone) with some hormonal, biochemical and bone parameters in pullets. Forty 18-week-old pullets were used. Plasma amylin, CT (calcitonin), 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D (1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol ), serum osteocalcin, glucose, ALP (alkaline phosphatase), cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as weight, length and total volume of tibiotarsi were measured. Plasma amylin concentration was negatively correlated with serum cholesterol (p 0.05) and triglycerides (p 0.05) concentrations. Plasma amylin concentration was significantly and positively correlated with plasma calcitonin concentrations (p 0.001). Serum ALP and plasma amylin concentrations were positively correlated (p 0.01). There were no correlations between amylin hormone and other parameters. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that endogen amylin may effect cholesterol, triglycerides, calcitonin, and ALP levels in pullets without changing some other hormonal, biochemical and bone parameters related to calcium and lipid metabolism.

Correlations between endogen amylin hormone and some hormonal, biochemical and bone parameters in pullets

The objective of this study was to assess the correlations of amylin (a pancreatic polypeptide hormone) with some hormonal, biochemical and bone parameters in pullets. Forty 18-week-old pullets were used. Plasma amylin, CT (calcitonin), 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D (1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol ), serum osteocalcin, glucose, ALP (alkaline phosphatase), cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as weight, length and total volume of tibiotarsi were measured. Plasma amylin concentration was negatively correlated with serum cholesterol (p 0.05) and triglycerides (p 0.05) concentrations. Plasma amylin concentration was significantly and positively correlated with plasma calcitonin concentrations (p 0.001). Serum ALP and plasma amylin concentrations were positively correlated (p 0.01). There were no correlations between amylin hormone and other parameters. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that endogen amylin may effect cholesterol, triglycerides, calcitonin, and ALP levels in pullets without changing some other hormonal, biochemical and bone parameters related to calcium and lipid metabolism.(AU)

SUPLEMENTAÇÃO DE BETAGLUCANO E VARIÁVEIS METABÓLICAS DE CÃES OBESOS COM RESISTÊNCIA INSULÍNICA

Estudos apontam que os beta-glucanos aumentam a sensibilidade à insulina e a tolerância à glicose, bem como a saciedade em ratos e humanos, podendo contribuir com essas alterações na obesidade. No entanto, existem poucas informações em cães. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de 0,1% de beta-glucanosna dieta de cães sobre parâmetros metabólicos e de saciedade em cães obesos. Foram incluídos três grupos experimentais: Grupo A (GA), constituído por 7cães com escore de condição corporal entre 8 e 9; Grupo B (GB) composto por 7 cães, com escore de condição corporal 5. O grupo C (GC) foi constituído pelos mesmos animais do GA após o consumo da dieta teste por 90 dias. A tolerância à glicose e a sensibilidade insulínica foram avaliados através do teste intravenoso de tolerância à glicose (TIVTG) nos três grupos experimentais, sendo nos tempos 0 (inicial) para os grupos A e B e 90 dias para o grupo C. Testes estatísticos paramétricos e não paramétricos foram utilizados para a análise dos resultados e considerou-se como significativos os valores de p<0,05. A interação entre tempo e a dieta teste não diferiu para a glicemia e insulinemia (p>0,05), sendo os grupos A x C e B x C. O pico glicêmico nos três grupos experimentais foi observado logo no tempo 2,5 minutos de coleta. Nos tempos 5,0 minutos; 7,5 minutos e 10,0 minutos de coleta, os valores de glicemia foram menores nos grupos B e C em relação ao A. A taxa de remoção de glicose diferiu entre os três grupos e C apresentou valores intermediários. Os animais do GC apresentaram menores concentrações de glicose e insulina basais, colesterol e triglicerídeos em relação ao GA (p<0,05). Não houve diferença nas concentrações séricas circulantes de amilina, GLP-1, glucagon e polipeptídeo Y antes e após a ingestão da dieta teste. O beta-glucano foi capaz de reduzir a glicose plasmática e insulina basal, colesterol e triglicerídeos dos cães obesos.

Studies indicate that beta-glucan increases insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, as well as satiety in rats and humans, which could contribute to these changes into obesity. However, few information exist in dogs. This study evaluated the effects of adding 0,1% beta-glucans in dogs diet on metabolic parameters and satiety in obese dogs. Three experimental groups were included: Group A (GA) consisting of 7 dogs with body condition score between 8 and 9; Group B (GB) consists of 7 dogs, with body condition score 5. The group C (GC) was set up by the same animals GA after consumption of the test diet for 90 days. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were assessed by the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IGTT) into three experimental groups, and at 0 (initial) for groups A and B and 90 days for the group C. Parametric statistical tests and nonparametric were used for the analysis of results and it was considered as significant values of p<0,05. The interaction between time and the test diet did not differ in blood glucose and insulin levels (p>0,05), when compared groups A x C and B x C. The glycemic peak in the three experimental groups was observed early in 2,5 minutes time collection. The collects in time 5,0 minutes; 7.5 minutes and 10.0 minutes, blood glucose levels were lower in groups B and C in relation to A. The glucose removal rate differed among the three groups and group C showed intermediate values. The animals GC had lower basal levels of glucose and insulin, cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to GA (P <0.05). There was no difference in circulating serum concentrations of amylin, GLP-1, glucagon and Y polypeptide before and after ingestion of the test diet. The beta glucan was able to reduce plasma glucose and basal insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides in obese dogs.