A new species and record of Biancolina Della Valle, 1893 (Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Ampithoidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic

Here we describe a new species of Biancolina from Pernambuco, Brazil, found in association with the brown algae Sargassum spp., between 0.5 and 1.0 m depth. The new species differs from its congeners mainly by the following combination of characters: antenna 1 twice the length of antenna 2, lacinia mobilis present in both mandibles, article 4 of the maxilliped bulbose; coxa 6 with anteroventral lobe well developed as in posteroventral lobe, peduncle of uropod 1 weakly setose, palm of pereopods 5-7 lacking robust seta. This is the first record of Biancolina from the southwestern Atlantic.(AU)

A new species of Leptophoxoides Barnard, 1962 (Amphipoda, Phoxocephalidae) from the Brazilian northeastern continental slope

A new species of Leptophoxoides Barnard, 1962 is described with material from the continental slope of Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil at three different depths: 150, 400 and 2,500 meters. Leptophoxoides longisetae sp. nov. can be diagnosed and distinguished from the other two species of the genus, L. molaris Barnard, 1962 and L. marina Senna, 2010, by the following characters: antenna 1 peduncular article 1 ventral apex weakly ensiform; maxilla 1 inner plate longer than outer; maxilliped palp article 3 with blunt and extremely protuberant apex; gnathopods 1-2 carpus almost cryptic; gnathopod 2 palm defined by a large and sharply produced palmar hump; pereopod 6 basis posterodistal corner produced as a blunt lobe; and telson with two dorsal long plumose setae on each side. This is the first record of the genus for northeastern Brazilian waters, uncovering a higher biodiversity in deep waters.(AU)

Biomorphometry of Automeris liberia Cramer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in oil palm in the Amazon / Biomorfometria de Automeris liberia Cramer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) em palma de óleo, Amazônia Oriental

Automeris liberia Cramer are found in South America, with documented sightings in Ecuador, Peru, some regions of Mexico and, more recently, the Brazilian Amazon. These moths cause damage to several plant species. We designed an experiment to study the biology and morphometry of A. liberia in the laboratory and provide information for the management of the pest in oil palm cultivation in the Brazilian Amazon. Caterpillars for rearing were collected from commercial areas of oil palm cultivation, where they cause defoliation of the plant. They were fed a natural diet of oil palm leaves of the Tenera variety and observed from second generation onwards. Sex, behavior, posture, mass, body length, wingspan, body diameter, sex ratio, average growth ratio, and antenna were quantified. The embryonic stage lasted 14 days, followed by seven larval instar stages over 36 days. The pupal stage lasted 21 days. Adults had a longevity of 4.5 and 6 days and a total biological cycle of 78.5 and 80 days, for males and females, respectively. The growth ratio was 1.49. The antennae showed sexual dimorphism, with bipectinate morphology in males and filiform in females. In the adult stage, morphological variables were evaluated (body length, thoracic diameter, wingspan, forewing length, forewing height, hindwing length, hindwing height, antenna length, number of antennomeres, and body mass), and they showed significant differences between males and females (Newman-Keuls test, P < 0.05).(AU)

A espécie Automeris liberia Cramer tem ocorrência na América do Sul, com registro no Equador, Peru, algumas regiões no México e, mais recentemente, na Amazônia brasileira, causando danos a várias espécies de plantas. Objetivou-se estudar pioneiramente a biologia e a morfometria de A. liberia em laboratório, visando subsidiar informações para o manejo da praga na cultura da palma de óleo, na Amazônia brasileira. A criação, foi oriunda de lagartas coletadas em áreas comerciais de palma de óleo, onde as quais estavam causando desfolhamentos. Foram alimentadas com dieta natural a base de folhas de palma de óleo da var. Tenera. As observações foram iniciadas a partir da segunda geração. Foram avaliados sexagem, comportamento, posturas, massa, comprimento, envergadura, diâmetro do corpo, razão sexual, razão da média de crescimento e antena. O estágio embrionário durou 14 dias e o larval apresentou sete instares em 36 dias. O estágio pupal foi de 21 dias. Os adultos apresentaram longevidade de 4,5 e 6 dias e ciclo biológico total de 78,5 e 80 dias, para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente. A razão de crescimento foi de 1,49. As antenas apresentaram dimorfismo sexual, sendo do macho tipo bipectinada e da fêmea filiforme. Na fase adulta foram avaliadas variáveis morfológicas (comprimento do corpo, diâmetro do tórax, envergadura, comprimento da asa anterior, altura da asa anterior, comprimento da asa posterior, altura da asa posterior, comprimento da antena, número de antenômeros e massa corpórea) entre machos e fêmeas, as quais apresentaram diferença estatística pelo teste Newman-Keuls (P < 0,05).(AU)

First record and a new species of Foxiphalus Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Phoxocephalidae) from the Atlantic Ocean, with two new records of the family from northeastern Brazil

A new species of Foxiphalus Barnard, 1979 is described. The material examined was collected as part of the project "Avaliação da biota bentônica e planctônica da Bacia Potiguar e Ceará" (BPOT), off northeastern Brazilian continental slope on the state of Rio Grande do Norte at depths ranging from 135 to 283 meters. Foxiphalus potiguara sp. nov. is recognized among its congeners by: rostrum slightly exceeding the article 2 of antenna 1; lower lip outer lobes with strong shoulder cusps; maxilliped inner plate with two apical robust setae; gnathopod 2 carpus shortened; pereopod 5 basis tapering distally; and epimeral plate 3 posterior margin weakly crenulated. This is the first record of Foxiphalus for the Atlantic Ocean and we provide an amended diagnosis of the genus and an identification key to its world species. In addition, two new records of Phoxocephalidae are reported from northeastern Brazil: Heterophoxus shoemakeri Andrade & Senna, 2020 and Metharpinia dentiurosoma Alonso de Pina, 2003.

A description of the first zoeal stage of Pilumnus vinaceus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Decapoda, Pilumnidae), with a revision of the first zoea morphology of Pilumnus Leach, 1815

The morphology of the first zoeal stage of Pilumnus vinaceus is described and compared with the zoea I of Pilumnus all species in the literature. Two ovigerous females of P. vinaceus were maintained in the aquarium facilities until the larvae hatch. The larvae of each ovigerous female were dissected using a stereoscopic microscope. The zoea I of P. vinaceus has common characteristics among the Pilumnidae as: [1] antenna of type 2; [2] maxilliped 1 with 2+2+3+3 setae on the basis and with 3,2,1,2,5 setae in the endopod; [3] maxilliped 2 with 1+1+1+1 setae on the basis and 1,1,6 setae on the endopod; [4] telson with furcal rami armed with dorsal and lateral spines. Considering the species of Pilumnus that occur in the western Atlantic, it becomes possible to identify P. vinaceus zoea I by means of the verification of the following characteristics: [1] pleonites with mediolateral processes; [2] number of setae on the antennule. It is however, important to consider that there is still a great deficit in the knowledge about the morphology of the larval forms of the species assigned to Pilumnus and we argue in favor of new descriptions to build a more robust dataset on zoeal morphology characters and use it in a phylogenetic context on the genus.(AU)

A new species of the wasp genus Trypoxylon from southern Brazil, with notes on the systematics of Pisoxylon (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)

Abstract A new species of Trypoxylon is described from females and males collected in trap-nests and Malaise traps disposed in sites of Atlantic forest in southern Brazil (Paraná and São Paulo states). Trypoxylon basirufum sp. nov. is structurally very similar to Pisoxylon roosevelti Antropov, differing in details of the color pattern, clypeal apex, male antenna and propleura. In an ongoing molecular phylogenetic study of the genus Trypoxylon, T. basirufum sp. nov. did not group with Pisoxylon amenkei Antropov, a species very close morphologically to P. xanthosoma Menke, the type species of Pisoxylon. Based on these results, the scope of the Neotropical wasp genus Pisoxylon Menke is changed to include only the type species and P. amenkei, and consequently Pisoxylon roosevelti is transferred to Trypoxylon s. str.

A new species of the wasp genus Trypoxylon from southern Brazil, with notes on the systematics of Pisoxylon (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)

Abstract A new species of Trypoxylon is described from females and males collected in trap-nests and Malaise traps disposed in sites of Atlantic forest in southern Brazil (Paraná and São Paulo states). Trypoxylon basirufum sp. nov. is structurally very similar to Pisoxylon roosevelti Antropov, differing in details of the color pattern, clypeal apex, male antenna and propleura. In an ongoing molecular phylogenetic study of the genus Trypoxylon, T. basirufum sp. nov. did not group with Pisoxylon amenkei Antropov, a species very close morphologically to P. xanthosoma Menke, the type species of Pisoxylon. Based on these results, the scope of the Neotropical wasp genus Pisoxylon Menke is changed to include only the type species and P. amenkei, and consequently Pisoxylon roosevelti is transferred to Trypoxylon s. str.

A new species of the wasp genus Trypoxylon from southern Brazil, with notes on the systematics of Pisoxylon (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)

A new species of Trypoxylon is described from females and males collected in trap-nests and Malaise traps disposed in sites of Atlantic forest in southern Brazil (Paraná and São Paulo states). Trypoxylon basirufumsp. nov. is structurally very similar to Pisoxylon roosevelti Antropov, differing in details of the color pattern, clypeal apex, male antenna and propleura. In an ongoing molecular phylogenetic study of the genus Trypoxylon, T. basirufumsp. nov. did not group with Pisoxylon amenkeiAntropov, a species very close morphologically to P. xanthosoma Menke, the type species of Pisoxylon. Based on these results, the scope of the Neotropical wasp genus Pisoxylon Menke is changed to include only the type species and P. amenkei, and consequently Pisoxylon roosevelti is transferred to Trypoxylon s. str.(AU)

A new genus of railroad-worm beetles from the Atlantic Rainforest from Brazil (Coleoptera: Phengodidae, Mastinocerinae)

Abstract Here we describe a new genus, Cleidella gen. nov., and two new species, C. picea sp. nov. and C. silveirai sp. nov., all from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The new genus is characterized by the interantennal distance subequal to scape length, antenna with 11 antennomeres, IV to X with two long symmetrical branches; mandibles long, projected and not crossed, pointed forward obliquely from head; maxillary palpi 4-segmented, last segment digitiform; labial palpi 2-segmented; posterior tentorial pit consisting of a single small fossa; elytron surpassing from the fourth to fifth abdominal segment, 3.3-3.9× longer than wide; first tarsomere of protarsus with a ventral comb as long as the tarsomere length; wing with radial cell closed and transverse, vein r4 interrupted; aedeagus with paramere symmetrical, apex unevenly round, toothed inward, with short and scarce bristles. We provide a key to Mastinocerinae genera with 11 antennomeres, as well as illustrations for the diagnostic features for this new genus and a key to its species.

A new genus of railroad-worm beetles from the Atlantic Rainforest from Brazil (Coleoptera: Phengodidae, Mastinocerinae)

Here we describe a new genus, Cleidella gen. nov., and two new species, C. picea sp. nov. and C. silveirai sp. nov., all from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The new genus is characterized by the interantennal distance subequal to scape length, antenna with 11 antennomeres, IV to X with two long symmetrical branches; mandibles long, projected and not crossed, pointed forward obliquely from head; maxillary palpi 4-segmented, last segment digitiform; labial palpi 2-segmented; posterior tentorial pit consisting of a single small fossa; elytron surpassing from the fourth to fifth abdominal segment, 3.3-3.9× longer than wide; first tarsomere of protarsus with a ventral comb as long as the tarsomere length; wing with radial cell closed and transverse, vein r4 interrupted; aedeagus with paramere symmetrical, apex unevenly round, toothed inward, with short and scarce bristles. We provide a key to Mastinocerinae genera with 11 antennomeres, as well as illustrations for the diagnostic features for this new genus and a key to its species.

A new genus of railroad-worm beetles from the Atlantic Rainforest from Brazil (Coleoptera: Phengodidae, Mastinocerinae)

Here we describe a new genus, Cleidella gen. nov., and two new species, C. picea sp. nov. and C. silveirai sp. nov., all from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The new genus is characterized by the interantennal distance subequal to scape length, antenna with 11 antennomeres, IV to X with two long symmetrical branches; mandibles long, projected and not crossed, pointed forward obliquely from head; maxillary palpi 4-segmented, last segment digitiform; labial palpi 2-segmented; posterior tentorial pit consisting of a single small fossa; elytron surpassing from the fourth to fifth abdominal segment, 3.3-3.9× longer than wide; first tarsomere of protarsus with a ventral comb as long as the tarsomere length; wing with radial cell closed and transverse, vein r4 interrupted; aedeagus with paramere symmetrical, apex unevenly round, toothed inward, with short and scarce bristles. We provide a key to Mastinocerinae genera with 11 antennomeres, as well as illustrations for the diagnostic features for this new genus and a key to its species.(AU)

Typology and distribution of antennal sensory organs of adults Haematobia irritans of the Midwest Region of Brazil / Tipologia e distribuição de órgãos sensilares de Haematobia irritans adultas do Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Considering the great economic and sanitarian importance of Haematobia irritans − the development of resistance of this species to the main chemical insecticides used in its control, in several other localities of the world; as well as that different strains of the same species frequently present different types and distribution patterns −, the present aim study was to investigate the typology and distribution of different types of sensillae of H. irritans adults, from populations of this fly present in Brazilian Midwest, with emphasis on olfactory sensillae. This study provides new data on the typology and sensillary distribution of antennal sensilla of this fly. In the antennal segments were found non-innervated spinules and ten subtypes of sensilla: long bristles sensillum, long basiconic sensillum, blunt coeloconic sensillum, clavate coeloconic sensilla − single-tip and double-tip subtypes −, grooved coeloconic sensillum, long grooved coeloconic sensillum, trichoid sensillum, coeloconic sensillum, and smaller basiconic sensillum. A slight sexual dimorphism was observed in the antennal sensillae of H. irritans. These results provide a morphological basis for future investigations on olfactory-mediated behavior of this species, and could assist future studies for the development of alternative measures to the monitoring and control of this fly populations, with less environmental impact.(AU)

Considerando a grande importância econômica e sanitária de Haematobia irritans, o desenvolvimento de resistência desta espécie aos principais inseticidas químicos utilizados em seu controle, em diversas outras localidades do mundo, bem como que diferentes cepas de uma mesma espécie frequentemente apresentam diferentes tipos e padrões de distribuição sensilares, objetivou-se no presente trabalho investigar a tipologia e a distribuição dos diferentes tipos e subtipos sensilares de adulttos de H. irritans, oriunda de populações desta mosca presentes no centro-oeste brasileiro, com ênfase nas sensilas olfatórias. Este estudo apresenta novos dados sobre a tipologia e distribuição sensilar da antenna desta mosca. Em seus segmentos antenais foram observados pilosidades não enervadas e dez subtipos de sensilas, sendo: long bristles sensillum, long basiconic sensillum, blunt coeloconic sensillum, clavate coeloconic sensilla - single-tip and double-tip subtypes -, grooved coeloconic sensillum, long grooved coeloconic sensillum, trichoid sensillum, coeloconic sensillum, e smaller basiconic sensillum. Leve dimorfismo sexual foi observado em relação às sensilas antenais de H. irritans. Estes resultados fornecem uma base morfológica para futuras investigações sobre o comportamento mediado pelo olfato desta espécie, e poderão fomentar futuros estudos para desenvolvimento de medidas alternativas de monitoramento e controle de populações dessa mosca, com menor impacto.(AU)

Typology and distribution of antennal sensory organs of adults Haematobia irritans of the Midwest Region of Brazil / Tipologia e distribuição de órgãos sensilares de Haematobia irritans adultas do Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Considering the great economic and sanitarian importance of Haematobia irritans − the development of resistance of this species to the main chemical insecticides used in its control, in several other localities of the world; as well as that different strains of the same species frequently present different types and distribution patterns −, the present aim study was to investigate the typology and distribution of different types of sensillae of H. irritans adults, from populations of this fly present in Brazilian Midwest, with emphasis on olfactory sensillae. This study provides new data on the typology and sensillary distribution of antennal sensilla of this fly. In the antennal segments were found non-innervated spinules and ten subtypes of sensilla: long bristles sensillum, long basiconic sensillum, blunt coeloconic sensillum, clavate coeloconic sensilla − single-tip and double-tip subtypes −, grooved coeloconic sensillum, long grooved coeloconic sensillum, trichoid sensillum, coeloconic sensillum, and smaller basiconic sensillum. A slight sexual dimorphism was observed in the antennal sensillae of H. irritans. These results provide a morphological basis for future investigations on olfactory-mediated behavior of this species, and could assist future studies for the development of alternative measures to the monitoring and control of this fly populations, with less environmental impact.(AU)

Considerando a grande importância econômica e sanitária de Haematobia irritans, o desenvolvimento de resistência desta espécie aos principais inseticidas químicos utilizados em seu controle, em diversas outras localidades do mundo, bem como que diferentes cepas de uma mesma espécie frequentemente apresentam diferentes tipos e padrões de distribuição sensilares, objetivou-se no presente trabalho investigar a tipologia e a distribuição dos diferentes tipos e subtipos sensilares de adulttos de H. irritans, oriunda de populações desta mosca presentes no centro-oeste brasileiro, com ênfase nas sensilas olfatórias. Este estudo apresenta novos dados sobre a tipologia e distribuição sensilar da antenna desta mosca. Em seus segmentos antenais foram observados pilosidades não enervadas e dez subtipos de sensilas, sendo: long bristles sensillum, long basiconic sensillum, blunt coeloconic sensillum, clavate coeloconic sensilla - single-tip and double-tip subtypes -, grooved coeloconic sensillum, long grooved coeloconic sensillum, trichoid sensillum, coeloconic sensillum, e smaller basiconic sensillum. Leve dimorfismo sexual foi observado em relação às sensilas antenais de H. irritans. Estes resultados fornecem uma base morfológica para futuras investigações sobre o comportamento mediado pelo olfato desta espécie, e poderão fomentar futuros estudos para desenvolvimento de medidas alternativas de monitoramento e controle de populações dessa mosca, com menor impacto.(AU)

Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical Lauxaniidae genus Neopachycerina Malloch, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora), with description of a new species

A systematic review of the Neotropical Lauxaniidae genus Neopachycerina Malloch, 1933 is presented. The genus is characterized mainly based on some features of the head, like the anterior pair of fronto-orbital setae conspicuously shorter than posterior one and rather close to them; face with a distinct elevation between antennal bases; antenna slightly elongate, first flagellomere tapered to tip and about three times as long as its basal width, arista thickened by dense black short hairs both above and below, with some longer outstanding hairs on upper side basally. Although some authors have grouped it with some other genera based on chaetotaxy of the head, it was considered closer to Parapachycerina Stuckenberg. Other authors, on the other hand, noted very important differences in the male terminalia, shape of the syntergosternite 7+8 and phallic complex, stressing a view that there are many convergent similarities in unrelated Old and New World lauxaniid genera. This shows that there is some conflicting evidence about the position of Neopachycerina within the Lauxaniidae, but a precise affiliation of Neopachycerina to any genus or group of genera still depends on a global cladistic analysis of the Lauxaniidae genera. In the present paper, Neopachycerina nigra sp. nov., from Argentina, is described and N. aristata Malloch, 1933 is redescribed, with illustrations of both species.

Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical Lauxaniidae genus Neopachycerina Malloch, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora), with description of a new species

A systematic review of the Neotropical Lauxaniidae genus Neopachycerina Malloch, 1933 is presented. The genus is characterized mainly based on some features of the head, like the anterior pair of fronto-orbital setae conspicuously shorter than posterior one and rather close to them; face with a distinct elevation between antennal bases; antenna slightly elongate, first flagellomere tapered to tip and about three times as long as its basal width, arista thickened by dense black short hairs both above and below, with some longer outstanding hairs on upper side basally. Although some authors have grouped it with some other genera based on chaetotaxy of the head, it was considered closer to Parapachycerina Stuckenberg. Other authors, on the other hand, noted very important differences in the male terminalia, shape of the syntergosternite 7+8 and phallic complex, stressing a view that there are many convergent similarities in unrelated Old and New World lauxaniid genera. This shows that there is some conflicting evidence about the position of Neopachycerina within the Lauxaniidae, but a precise affiliation of Neopachycerina to any genus or group of genera still depends on a global cladistic analysis of the Lauxaniidae genera. In the present paper, Neopachycerina nigra sp. nov., from Argentina, is described and N. aristata Malloch, 1933 is redescribed, with illustrations of both species.(AU)

Typology and distribution of antennal sensory organs of adults Haematobia irritans of the Midwest Region of Brazil

ABSTRACT: Considering the great economic and sanitarian importance of Haematobia irritans the development of resistance of this species to the main chemical insecticides used in its control, in several other localities of the world; as well as that different strains of the same species frequently present different types and distribution patterns , the present aim study was to investigate the typology and distribution of different types of sensillae of H. irritans adults, from populations of this fly present in Brazilian Midwest, with emphasis on olfactory sensillae. This study provides new data on the typology and sensillary distribution of antennal sensilla of this fly. In the antennal segments were found non-innervated spinules and ten subtypes of sensilla: long bristles sensillum, long basiconic sensillum, blunt coeloconic sensillum, clavate coeloconic sensilla single-tip and double-tip subtypes , grooved coeloconic sensillum, long grooved coeloconic sensillum, trichoid sensillum, coeloconic sensillum, and smaller basiconic sensillum. A slight sexual dimorphism was observed in the antennal sensillae of H. irritans. These results provide a morphological basis for future investigations on olfactory-mediated behavior of this species, and could assist future studies for the development of alternative measures to the monitoring and control of this fly populations, with less environmental impact.

RESUMO: Considerando a grande importância econômica e sanitária de Haematobia irritans, o desenvolvimento de resistência desta espécie aos principais inseticidas químicos utilizados em seu controle, em diversas outras localidades do mundo, bem como que diferentes cepas de uma mesma espécie frequentemente apresentam diferentes tipos e padrões de distribuição sensilares, objetivou-se no presente trabalho investigar a tipologia e a distribuição dos diferentes tipos e subtipos sensilares de adulttos de H. irritans, oriunda de populações desta mosca presentes no centro-oeste brasileiro, com ênfase nas sensilas olfatórias. Este estudo apresenta novos dados sobre a tipologia e distribuição sensilar da antenna desta mosca. Em seus segmentos antenais foram observados pilosidades não enervadas e dez subtipos de sensilas, sendo: long bristles sensillum, long basiconic sensillum, blunt coeloconic sensillum, clavate coeloconic sensilla - single-tip and double-tip subtypes -, grooved coeloconic sensillum, long grooved coeloconic sensillum, trichoid sensillum, coeloconic sensillum, e smaller basiconic sensillum. Leve dimorfismo sexual foi observado em relação às sensilas antenais de H. irritans. Estes resultados fornecem uma base morfológica para futuras investigações sobre o comportamento mediado pelo olfato desta espécie, e poderão fomentar futuros estudos para desenvolvimento de medidas alternativas de monitoramento e controle de populações dessa mosca, com menor impacto.

Description of the postembryonic stages of Boeckella poopoensis (Crustacea, Copepoda, Centropagidae)

RESUMEN Boeckella poopoensis Marsh, 1906 es uno de los copépodos más frecuentes en el zooplancton de los lagos salinos sudamericanos, donde generalmente es la especie que más contribuye a la biomasa de la comunidad zooplanctónica. A pesar de su amplia distribución geográfica y su importancia ecológica, las características que distinguen sus estadios postembrionarios no son conocidas, lo que no permite conocer detalladamente la estructura y dinámica de sus poblacionales naturales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la morfología de los estadios postembrionarios y compararlos con los de otras especies de Centropagidae. Los especímenes estudiados fueron obtenidos de un cultivo monoespecífico aclimatado en laboratorio. El linaje proviene del lago El Carancho (65°03W, 37º27S). La identificación de los estadios se hizo de acuerdo a los caracteres establecidos para los copépodos calanoideos. En base a todos los estados de desarrollo, algunas de las características que distinguen a B. poopoensis de otras especies del género son: lóbulos de los nauplios con el mismo número de sedas de igual longitud; la segmentación del cuerpo se inicia en el estadio de nauplio III; el dimorfismo sexual empieza a notarse a partir del copepodito IV (aunque sólo es evidente en la pata V); el endopodito de la pata V de los copepoditos V machos y hembras es biarticulado pero, mientras las hembras adquieren sedas con respecto al estadio anterior, los machos las pierden, llegando a ser glabras como en los adultos. Los copepoditos V no presentan características típicas de los adultos, tales como, el ala toracal izquierda más desarrollada en las hembras y la antena derecha geniculada en los machos. Todos los estadios de B. poopoensis son más grandes que los correspondientes a otros centropágidos y los estadios inmaduros muestran su propio patrón de sedas, con un número ligeramente menor que el de otras especies de la familia.

ABSTRACT Boeckella poopoensis Marsh, 1906 is one of the most common copepods in the saline lakes of South America, where generally is the species that greater contributes to the zooplankton community biomass. Despite of its wide geographic distribution and ecological importance, the characteristics of the postembryonic stages are unknown, which prevents a detailed understanding of the structure and dynamics of natural populations. The objective of this work was to describe the morphology of the postembryonic stages and to compare it with other species of Centropagidae. The specimens were obtained from a monospecific culture acclimatized in the laboratory. The lineage comes from El Carancho shallow lake (65°03W, 37°27S). The identification of the postembryonic stages was performed according to the characteristics established for copepod calanoids. Based in all developing stages, some characteristics that distinguish B. poopoensis from another species of the genus are: lobes of nauplii with the same number of setae of equal length; beginning of body segmentation from nauplii III; sexual dimorphism from copepodite IV (although only evident in the V leg); the endopod of the V leg of copepodites V males and females are biarticulate, but while females endopod add setae respect to the previous stage, males endopod lose them and remain glabrous as in the adults. Copepodites V do not present characteristics typical of adults, such as, the most developed thoracic left wing of females and in the geniculate right antenna of males. All stages of B. poopoensis are larger than those corresponding to other species of centropagids, and in the immature stages, the appendages show their own patterns of setae and have a slightly smaller number of setae than that of the other species of the family.

Proposal of Tiddergasilus gen. nov. (Ergasilidae: Cyclopoida) for T. iheringi comb. nov. from the gills of Hoplias malabaricus (Erythrinidae: Characiformes) from Brazil

Ergasilus von Nordmann, 1832 is the type and the most speciose genus of Ergasilidae, with more than 150 valid species. The first species of this genus, Ergasilus iheringi Tidd, 1942, was described from the Neotropical Region, from the gills of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794). Since then, 35 new species of Ergasilidae have been described from the Neotropics. However, a reanalysis of the available type specimens of E. iheringi revealed features that suggest that it represents a lineage independent from Ergasilus. Consequently, we propose Tiddergasilus gen. nov. (Ergasilidae: Cyclopoida) to accommodate T. iheringi (Tidd, 1942) comb. nov. The species was re-examined and redescribed based on available type specimens. Tiddergasilus gen. nov. is characterized by species with exopod of leg 4 2-segmented; antenna small and robust, with a short second segment (approximately three times shorter than the first segment), and claw with a unique morphology (short, recurved with a sub-proximal indentation in the inner margin). A phylogenetic analysis, based on a matrix of 15 taxa and 16 morphological characters in PAUP* software 4.0a152, resulted in 15 equally parsimonious trees. Based on this analysis, Tiddergasilus is closely related to a group composed of Neotropical species of Ergasilus - sharing with them antennule with 6-segments. When the highly homoplastic character number of segments in the antennule is removed from the analysis, Tiddergasilus forms a polytomy with the clade of genera of the former Vaigamidae, Ergasilus, and the clade Rhinergasilus+Brasergasilus+Pindapixara.

Proposal of Tiddergasilus gen. nov. (Ergasilidae: Cyclopoida) for T. iheringi comb. nov. from the gills of Hoplias malabaricus (Erythrinidae: Characiformes) from Brazil

Ergasilus von Nordmann, 1832 is the type and the most speciose genus of Ergasilidae, with more than 150 valid species. The first species of this genus, Ergasilus iheringi Tidd, 1942, was described from the Neotropical Region, from the gills of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794). Since then, 35 new species of Ergasilidae have been described from the Neotropics. However, a reanalysis of the available type specimens of E. iheringi revealed features that suggest that it represents a lineage independent from Ergasilus. Consequently, we propose Tiddergasilus gen. nov. (Ergasilidae: Cyclopoida) to accommodate T. iheringi (Tidd, 1942) comb. nov. The species was re-examined and redescribed based on available type specimens. Tiddergasilus gen. nov. is characterized by species with exopod of leg 4 2-segmented; antenna small and robust, with a short second segment (approximately three times shorter than the first segment), and claw with a unique morphology (short, recurved with a sub-proximal indentation in the inner margin). A phylogenetic analysis, based on a matrix of 15 taxa and 16 morphological characters in PAUP* software 4.0a152, resulted in 15 equally parsimonious trees. Based on this analysis, Tiddergasilus is closely related to a group composed of Neotropical species of Ergasilus - sharing with them antennule with 6-segments. When the highly homoplastic character number of segments in the antennule is removed from the analysis, Tiddergasilus forms a polytomy with the clade of genera of the former Vaigamidae, Ergasilus, and the clade Rhinergasilus+Brasergasilus+Pindapixara.(AU)

Description of the postembryonic stages of Boeckella poopoensis (Crustacea, Copepoda, Centropagidae)

Boeckella poopoensis Marsh, 1906 es uno de los copépodos más frecuentes en el zooplancton de los lagos salinos sudamericanos, donde generalmente es la especie que más contribuye a la biomasa de la comunidad zooplanctónica. A pesar de su amplia distribución geográfica y su importancia ecológica, las características que distinguen sus estadios postembrionarios no son conocidas, lo que no permite conocer detalladamente la estructura y dinámica de sus poblacionales naturales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la morfología de los estadios postembrionarios y compararlos con los de otras especies de Centropagidae. Los especímenes estudiados fueron obtenidos de un cultivo monoespecífico aclimatado en laboratorio. El linaje proviene del lago El Carancho (65°03W, 37º27S). La identificación de los estadios se hizo de acuerdo a los caracteres establecidos para los copépodos calanoideos. En base a todos los estados de desarrollo, algunas de las características que distinguen a B. poopoensis de otras especies del género son: lóbulos de los nauplios con el mismo número de sedas de igual longitud; la segmentación del cuerpo se inicia en el estadio de nauplio III; el dimorfismo sexual empieza a notarse a partir del copepodito IV (aunque sólo es evidente en la pata V); el endopodito de la pata V de los copepoditos V machos y hembras es biarticulado pero, mientras las hembras adquieren sedas con respecto al estadio anterior, los machos las pierden, llegando a ser glabras como en los adultos. Los copepoditos V no presentan características típicas de los adultos, tales como, el ala toracal izquierda más desarrollada en las hembras y la antena derecha geniculada en los machos. Todos los estadios de B. poopoensis son más grandes que los correspondientes a otros centropágidos y los estadios inmaduros muestran su propio patrón de sedas, con un número ligeramente menor que el de otras especies de la familia.(AU)

Boeckella poopoensis Marsh, 1906 is one of the most common copepods in the saline lakes of South America, where generally is the species that greater contributes to the zooplankton community biomass. Despite of its wide geographic distribution and ecological importance, the characteristics of the postembryonic stages are unknown, which prevents a detailed understanding of the structure and dynamics of natural populations. The objective of this work was to describe the morphology of the postembryonic stages and to compare it with other species of Centropagidae. The specimens were obtained from a monospecific culture acclimatized in the laboratory. The lineage comes from El Carancho shallow lake (65°03W, 37°27S). The identification of the postembryonic stages was performed according to the characteristics established for copepod calanoids. Based in all developing stages, some characteristics that distinguish B. poopoensis from another species of the genus are: lobes of nauplii with the same number of setae of equal length; beginning of body segmentation from nauplii III; sexual dimorphism from copepodite IV (although only evident in the V leg); the endopod of the V leg of copepodites V males and females are biarticulate, but while females endopod add setae respect to the previous stage, males endopod lose them and remain glabrous as in the adults. Copepodites V do not present characteristics typical of adults, such as, the most developed thoracic left wing of females and in the geniculate right antenna of males. All stages of B. poopoensis are larger than those corresponding to other species of centropagids, and in the immature stages, the appendages show their own patterns of setae and have a slightly smaller number of setae than that of the other species of the family.(AU)