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1.
Rev. bras. ciênc. avic ; 24(3): eRBCA-2021-1587, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1369925

Resumo

This study was designed to discover molecular marker associated with the interferon INF-γ and avian influenza (AI) antibody titer traits in Jinghai Yellow chicken (Gallus gallus). Serum samples were taken from 400 female chickens and the INF-γ concentrations and AI antibody titer levels were measured. A genome-wide association study was carried out using specific-locus amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was applied to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the two traits. After sequencing and quality control, 103,680 SLAFs and 90,961 SNPs were obtained. The 400 samples were divided into 10 subgroups to reduce the effects of group stratification. The Bonferroni adjusted P-value of genome-wide significance was set at 1.87E−06 according to the number of independent SNP markers and linkage disequilibrium blocks. A SNP that was significantly associated with INF-γ concentration was detected in the myomesin 1 (MYOM1) gene on chromosome 2, and another SNPthat was significantly associated with the AI antibody titer level was detected in an RNA methyltransferase gene (Nsun7), which was found to have an important biological function. We propose that MYOM1 and Nsun7 are valuable candidate genes that influence the disease resistance characters of chicken. However, in-depth investigations are needed to determine the essential roles of these genes in poultry disease resistance and their possible application in breeding disease resistant poultry.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas , Interferons , Genoma , Produtos Biológicos
2.
Pap. avulsos zool ; 62: e202262022, 2022. mapas, ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1363803

Resumo

The genus Plega Navás, 1928, belongs to the subfamily Symphrasinae, a group recently transferred from Mantispidae to Rhachiberothidae. This genus is herein reported as parasitoid of the symphytan family Diprionidae for the first time, becoming the first record of association between this neuropteran subfamily and non-aculeate Hymenoptera. This new association was discovered in "Ixcateopan de Cuauhtémoc", in the Mexican state of Guerrero, where Plega spinosa Ardila et al., 2019 was found associated with immatures of the sawfly Monoctenus cuauhtemoci De Lira, 2021, a pest in forests of Juniperus flaccida Schlechtendal (white cedar). The neuropteran was found to be the most abundant parasitoid of this symphytan, becoming a potential candidate for biological control of phytophagous sawflies in juniper forests, an economically important plant species for the wood industry in the region. Considering the behavior and morphological aspects of the primary larvae and the behavior of the adults of Plega, three possible scenarios in which the primary larvae of P. spinosa board the larvae of Monoctenus to complete its life cycle are outlined. This finding reinforces the hypothesis of a generalist ectoparasitoid lifeway of the larvae of the genus Plega on larvae and pupae of holometabolous insects.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Produtos Biológicos , Indústria de Papel e Celulose , Ectoparasitoses , Himenópteros , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida
3.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 43(4): 1671-1694, jul.-ago. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1369844

Resumo

Knowing the accumulation of nutrients in mango plants is essential for calibrating fertilization programs aiming to increase yield in nutritionally unbalanced orchards. The work aimed to evaluate mango nutritional efficiency through nutrient accumulation and partitioning in plants of Palmer cultivar grown in sand soils at São Francisco Valley, Northwest Brazil. Commercial orchards located in Bahia and Pernambuco States, Brazil, under semi-arid climate (BShw; 400-800 mm annual rainfall) had the vegetable biomass and nutrient contents in the mango compartments determined in 1, 2, 4, 7, and 12 years old plants, by evaluating four plants of each age from 20 sample units. The separated samples of the harvested trees originated the compartments roots, stems, thick twigs, thin twigs, leaves and fruits. Nutrient contents and plant dry matter per compartment were determined and plant nutrient accumulation evaluated. Biomass and fruits coefficient of biological utilization were calculated. There was increment in the accumulated content of macronutrients in the mango plants over the years, with superiority for N and K, for which there was a sharp increase as compared to the other macronutrients. Manganese and Fe were the most accumulated micronutrients in the plants over the years. The canopy of the mango Palmer plants is the compartment that accumulates more macro and micronutrients, and the partition within the canopy occurs in the sequence: leaf> thin twig> thick twig. Phosphorus and Mg, and Cu and B are the nutrients more efficient to generate plant biomass and fruit production in the mango Palmer orchards.(AU)


Informações sobre o acúmulo de nutrientes em plantas de mangueira é requisito essencial para calibrar um programa de adubação visando aumento de produtividade em pomares com nutrição desbalanceada. Objetivou-se avaliar o acúmulo e partição de nutrientes e a eficiência nutricional em mangueira 'Palmer' com diferentes idades na região do Vale do São Francisco. As áreas de estudo estão localizadas nos municípios de Casa Nova, Bahia, e de Petrolina, Pernambuco, sob clima semiárido, com precipitação variando de 400 à 800 mm durante o ano. Foi quantificada a biomassa vegetal e calculados os conteúdos dos nutrientes nos compartimentos das plantas de mangueira com idades 1, 2, 4, 7 e 12 anos, sendo avaliadas quatro plantas por idade, totalizando 20 unidades amostrais. As árvores-amostra foram abatidas e separadas em raiz, caule, galho grosso, galho fino, folhas e frutos, para obtenção do conteúdo de nutrientes por compartimento. Em cada compartimento foi quantificada a massa de matéria seca e os teores de alguns nutrientes, calculando-se o conteúdo de cada nutriente e estimando-se o seu acúmulo. Houve incremento no conteúdo acumulado dos macronutrientes nas plantas de mangueira ao longo dos anos, com superioridade para o N e o K, que obtiveram aumento acentuado em relação aos demais macronutrientes. Manganês e Fe foram os micronutrientes mais acumulados nas plantas ao longo dos anos. A partição de macro e micronutrientes na mangueira 'Palmer' ocorreu, geralmente, nos compartimentos que compõem a copa das plantas, e nessa sequência: folha> galho fino > galho grosso. Fósforo, Mg, Cu, e B são os nutrientes com maior eficiência na produção de biomassa e frutos da manga Palmer.(AU)


Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos , Biomassa , Micronutrientes , Mangifera
4.
Colloq. Agrar ; 18(4): 53-60, jul.-dez. 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1432778

Resumo

The problems generated by the inappropriate use of agrotoxins and imported and costly chemical products to guarantee the health of the plants have been a great challenge for Brazilian farmers. The growing development and supply of new products of biological origin on the market is strengthening the portfolio of available bio-inputs for the production system. Among the benefits of the use of bioinputs is the greater sustainability of the productive system, with less frequent outbreaks of pests, reduction in application costs, greater efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation and promotion of plant growth. These benefits will promote greater profitability and contribute to a more sustainable agriculture. In this way, this review intends to discover some of the techniques that can be used in agriculture within two preceitos of sustainable agriculture.(AU)


Os problemas gerados pelo uso inadequado de agrotóxicos e produtos químicos importados e custosos para garantir a sanidade das plantas têm sido um grande desafio para os agricultores brasileiros. O crescente desenvolvimento e oferta de novos produtos de origem biológica no mercado vêm fortalecendo o portfólio de bioinsumos disponíveis para o sistema de produção. Entre os benefíciosda utilização de bioinsumos está a maior sustentabilidade do sistema produtivo, com surtos de pragas menos frequentes, redução dos custos de aplicação, maior eficiência da fixação biológica de nitrogênio e promoção de crescimento de plantas. Esses benefícios irão propiciar maior lucratividade e contribuir para uma agricultura mais sustentável. Dessa forma, esta revisão tem o intuito de descrever algumas das técnicas que podem ser utilizadas na agricultura dentro dos preceitos da agricultura sustentável.(AU)


Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos/síntese química , Agricultura Orgânica/métodos , Fixação de Nitrogênio , Indicadores de Desenvolvimento Sustentável
5.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 28: e20210050, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1360569

Resumo

Scorpionism is a worldwide problem that has already made thousands of victims, and multi-disciplinary approaches for controlling their populations are to be more successful. Hens are often mentioned as tools for controlling scorpions; however, systematic/experimental behavioral studies are not available. Moreover, there is no systematic information on the effect of scorpion venoms on hens. Using the venomous yellow scorpion Tityus serrulatus, the present study aimed to clarify the following aspects: (1) voracity of hens, (2) how hens react when stung, (3) the effect of scorpion stings on hen behavior during attacks, and (4) hen survivorship after feeding on scorpions. Methods: We attracted hens with corn powder, offered them scorpions and then recorded the hen-scorpion interaction. To test the effects of the sting we manually removed the scorpion's telson. Results: We found that some hens ate up to six scorpions within minutes. By means of an ethogram and drawings, we showed that they exhibited several aversive behaviors when capturing scorpions. Removal of the scorpion telson stopped the aversive reactions, which was not observed in the control group. Finally, hens did not exhibit atypical behaviors after 1, 7 and 30 days and were all alive after 30 days. Conclusion: This is the first empirical and video recorded study providing evidence that hens are clearly affected by scorpion venom but do not die. Therefore, they may have potential to be used in biological control of these arthropods.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Venenos de Escorpião/intoxicação , Produtos Biológicos , Picadas de Escorpião , Escorpiões , Galinhas/metabolismo , Zea mays
6.
Anim. Reprod. (Online) ; 19(1): e20210058, 2022. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1363330

Resumo

Although cryopreservation is an efficient method for maintaining the biological and genetic resources of sperm, the sperm damage during the cryopreservation process cannot be ignored. It should be possible to obtain the most effective cryopreservation performance by accurately grasping the effects of various factors on the cryopreservation of sperm. The previous study demonstrated that a suitable standard protocol for cryopreservation of Korean native brindled cattle (Chikso) does not exist, based on the methods for semen cryopreservation of Chikso differ in each research center. The most obvious difference between most of protocols is the addition of glycerol before and after cooling during the Chikso cryopreserved semen process. Therefore we focused on the effects of glycerol addition time on the quality of cryopreserved Chikso sperm. In the present study, 27 individual Chikso samples were collected by transrectal massage and divided into two parts: the "cryopreservation method A" group (adding glycerol before cooling) and the "cryopreservation method B" group (adding glycerol after cooling). Meanwhile, the values of various sperm parameters were derived from each group, including sperm motility, kinematics, capacitation status, cell viability, and intracellular ATP levels, which we used to compare and evaluate sperm function. The results of this study indicated that during the semen cryopreservation process of the Chikso, the addition of glycerol after cooling yielded superior results in a variety of sperm parameters, such as sperm motility, progressive motility, rapid motility, VCL, VSL, VAP, ALH, capacitation status, viability, and intracellular ATP level after freezing and thawing. Our study is suggested that the glycerol addition time during the cryopreservation process for Chikso should be considered. In addition, our results may be provided reference to develop suitable the cryopreservation procedure of the Chikso sperm.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Produtos Biológicos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Criopreservação , Análise do Sêmen , Glicerol , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides
7.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 31(2): e021921, mar. 2022. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1363434

Resumo

The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in peripheral blood glucose concentrations induced by Schistosoma mansoni infection in Holochilus sciureus rodents, a wild reservoir of the parasite. Glucose concentration was measured in the plasma of blood samples using a colorimetric enzymatic test. Biological parameters and S. mansoni burden in each rodent were also verified and correlated with glucose concentrations. A total of 76 H. sciureus were captured, out of which 20 (26%) were infected with S. mansoni (n=13 males and n=7 females). Although the parasite burden was comparable between the sexes, blood glucose concentration was lower in infected males and almost unchanged in females. Furthermore, histopathological data revealed that male rodents had a greater hepatic granulomatous inflammatory reaction than females. In addition, we also confirmed that the weight and total length of the analyzed animals had no effect on glucose levels. Therefore, natural infection with S. mansoni in H. sciureus may have a lower impact on glycemic homeostasis in females, which will help us understand the role of these rodents as reservoirs of S. mansoni.(AU)


Neste presente estudo, objetivou-se avaliar as alterações induzidas pela infecção natural de Schistosoma mansoni nas concentrações de glicose do sangue periférico de roedores Holochilus sciureus, reservatório silvestre do parasito. A dosagem da concentração de glicose foi realizada no plasma de amostras de sangue por meio de teste enzimático colorimétrico. Parâmetros biológicos e carga parasitária de S. mansoni também foram verificados em cada roedor e correlacionados com as concentrações de glicose. Um total de 76 H. sciureus foram capturados, dentre os quais 20 (26%) estavam infectados por S. mansoni (n=13 machos e n=7 fêmeas). Apesar da carga parasitária ter sido semelhante entre os sexos, as concentrações de glicose no sangue foram menores em machos naturalmente infectados e quase inalteradas em fêmeas. Além disso, os dados histopatológicos mostraram uma maior reação inflamatória granulomatosa hepática em roedores machos, quando comparados com as fêmeas. Adicionalmente, também foi confirmado que o peso e o comprimento total dos animas analisados não interferiram nos valores de glicose. Portanto, a infecção natural por S. mansoni em H. sciureus pode induzir menos impacto na homeostase glicêmica em fêmeas, o que pode ajudar a melhor entender o papel desses roedores como reservatórios de S. mansoni.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Roedores/sangue , Schistosoma mansoni , Produtos Biológicos , Esquistossomose mansoni , Glucose , Infecções
8.
Anim. Reprod. (Online) ; 19(1): e20220015, 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1367941

Resumo

The oviduct is an important reproductive structure that connects the ovary to the uterus and takes place to important events such as oocyte final maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development. Thus, gametes and embryo can be directly influenced by the oviductal microenvironment composed by epithelial cells such secretory and ciliated cells and oviductal fluid. The oviduct composition is anatomically dynamic and is under ovarian hormones control. The oviductal fluid provides protection, nourishment and transport to gametes and embryo and allows interaction to oviductal epithelial cells. All these functions together allows the oviduct to provides the ideal environment to the early reproductive events. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biological nanoparticles that mediates cell communication and are present at oviductal fluid and plays an important role in gametes/embryo - oviductal cells communication. This review will present the ability of the oviducts based on its dynamic and systemic changes during reproductive events, as well as the contribution of EVs in this process.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Oviductos , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Fertilização , Vesículas Extracelulares , Células Germinativas , Produtos Biológicos
9.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 44: e52771, mar. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1368075

Resumo

The existence of environmental disturbances is an important facilitating factor to the establishment of biological invasions (BI). Biological invasions are considered the second biggest threat to the planet's biodiversity, behind only anthropic actions such as deforestation and habitat fragmentation. Thus, all environments are subjected to biological invasions, including Conservation Units (CU). The objective of the work was to evaluate the impacts of the exotic invasive Ricinus communis L. on the native biota of the Morro do Urubu Environmental Protection Area, Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil. Plots were allocated in places invaded by exotic invasive and in non-invaded places. Within the sample units, the number of individuals of each species present was counted. With these data, the statistics of the present study were performed. In the plots plotted on the non-invaded sites, 28 species were found. In the plots plotted on the invaded sites, only three species were sampled, among them the exotic invader studied, which showed to be the most abundant taxon in the area. In total, 75 individuals were counted in the invaded sites, of which 72 were from R. communis. In the non-invaded sites, 210 individuals. The average number of species was statistically higher in the plots where the exotic invader was removed, while from the second reading and remained until the eighth reading, the same happened for the average number of individuals. The results of this study showed the impacts caused by invasive exotic Ricinus communis on the composition, richness, diversity and resilience of an invaded Atlantic Forest area.(AU)


Assuntos
Ricinus , Produtos Biológicos , Ecossistema , Biodiversidade , Biota , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais
10.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 43(2): 797-808, mar.-abr. 2022. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1369126

Resumo

Automeris liberia Cramer are found in South America, with documented sightings in Ecuador, Peru, some regions of Mexico and, more recently, the Brazilian Amazon. These moths cause damage to several plant species. We designed an experiment to study the biology and morphometry of A. liberia in the laboratory and provide information for the management of the pest in oil palm cultivation in the Brazilian Amazon. Caterpillars for rearing were collected from commercial areas of oil palm cultivation, where they cause defoliation of the plant. They were fed a natural diet of oil palm leaves of the Tenera variety and observed from second generation onwards. Sex, behavior, posture, mass, body length, wingspan, body diameter, sex ratio, average growth ratio, and antenna were quantified. The embryonic stage lasted 14 days, followed by seven larval instar stages over 36 days. The pupal stage lasted 21 days. Adults had a longevity of 4.5 and 6 days and a total biological cycle of 78.5 and 80 days, for males and females, respectively. The growth ratio was 1.49. The antennae showed sexual dimorphism, with bipectinate morphology in males and filiform in females. In the adult stage, morphological variables were evaluated (body length, thoracic diameter, wingspan, forewing length, forewing height, hindwing length, hindwing height, antenna length, number of antennomeres, and body mass), and they showed significant differences between males and females (Newman-Keuls test, P < 0.05).(AU)


A espécie Automeris liberia Cramer tem ocorrência na América do Sul, com registro no Equador, Peru, algumas regiões no México e, mais recentemente, na Amazônia brasileira, causando danos a várias espécies de plantas. Objetivou-se estudar pioneiramente a biologia e a morfometria de A. liberia em laboratório, visando subsidiar informações para o manejo da praga na cultura da palma de óleo, na Amazônia brasileira. A criação, foi oriunda de lagartas coletadas em áreas comerciais de palma de óleo, onde as quais estavam causando desfolhamentos. Foram alimentadas com dieta natural a base de folhas de palma de óleo da var. Tenera. As observações foram iniciadas a partir da segunda geração. Foram avaliados sexagem, comportamento, posturas, massa, comprimento, envergadura, diâmetro do corpo, razão sexual, razão da média de crescimento e antena. O estágio embrionário durou 14 dias e o larval apresentou sete instares em 36 dias. O estágio pupal foi de 21 dias. Os adultos apresentaram longevidade de 4,5 e 6 dias e ciclo biológico total de 78,5 e 80 dias, para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente. A razão de crescimento foi de 1,49. As antenas apresentaram dimorfismo sexual, sendo do macho tipo bipectinada e da fêmea filiforme. Na fase adulta foram avaliadas variáveis morfológicas (comprimento do corpo, diâmetro do tórax, envergadura, comprimento da asa anterior, altura da asa anterior, comprimento da asa posterior, altura da asa posterior, comprimento da antena, número de antenômeros e massa corpórea) entre machos e fêmeas, as quais apresentaram diferença estatística pelo teste Newman-Keuls (P < 0,05).(AU)


Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos , Óleos , Lepidópteros/anatomia & histologia
11.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 43(3): 1095-1110, maio.-jun. 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1369362

Resumo

Fagopyrum esculentum is highly nutritious due to its proteins of high biological value and high fiber content. Its most relevant property is nonetheless its antioxidant activity, provided by the presence of flavonoids. It is an important pseudocereal in agriculture, animal production, and human food. The objective of study was to evaluate the grain yield and flavonoid production of Fagopyrum esculentum cultivars as a function of base saturation. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Treatments were represented by cultivars IPR 91 and IPR 92 and five base saturation levels (9, 31, 53, 75, and 97 %), in a factorial arrangement (2 × 5). Agronomic attributes and total-flavonoid and rutin contents and production were evaluated. Subsequently, the data were subjected to statistical analysis. Base saturation does not affect flavonoid production. However, base saturation influences shoot dry matter yield (maximum at 62.0% base saturation) and grain yield (maximum at 9.00%) in IPR 92. The higher-yielding cultivar is IPR 92. This is the first scientific report of base saturation in the species.(AU)


Fagopyrum esculentum é muito nutritivo por conter proteínas com alto valor biológico e alto teor de fibras, a propriedade mais relevante dele é a atividade antioxidante, devido à presença de flavonoides. É um pseudocereal importante na agricultura, produção animal e alimentação humana. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produção de grãos e de flavonoides em cultivares de Fagopyrum esculentum em função da saturação por bases. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram as cultivares IPR 91 e IPR 92 e cinco saturações por bases (9, 31, 53, 75 e 97 %), em esquema fatorial (2 × 5). Foram avaliados atributos agronômicos e teor e produção de flavonoides totais e de rutina. Posteriormente os dados foram submetidos a análises estatísticas. Para a produção de flavonoides, a saturação por bases não influencia nos resultados. Porém, para a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea (produção máxima aos 62,0 % de saturação por bases) e para a produção de grãos da IPR 92 (produção máxima aos 9,00 %), a saturação por bases influencia. A cultivar de maior produção é a IPR 92. Esse é o primeiro relato científico de saturação por bases da espécie.(AU)


Assuntos
Flavonoides , Produtos Biológicos , Fagopyrum , Antioxidantes
12.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 43(4): 1757-1768, jul.-ago. 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1369892

Resumo

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are known to establish positive relationships with plants. They act in favoring plant nutrition, production of phytohormones, control of pathogens and enhancement of stress tolerance. Thus, this study aimed to isolate bacteria from soil, rhizosphere, and root endosphere from sugarcane cultivated in the Southeastern of Brazil, to prospect strains with potential for plant growth promotion. The samples were plated in Nutrient Agar medium, and the morphologically distinct colonies were isolated and analyzed about indoleacetic acid production, phosphate solubilization and the growth control of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium verticillioides. A total of 219 isolates were obtained, of which 86 from soil, 67 from rhizosphere and 66 from sugarcane root endosphere. The strains that presented more than one mechanism of plant growth promotion were identified by the sequencing of 16S gene. Most species belonged to the genus Bacillus, which has strains already used in various biological products for the control of diseases in agriculture. Some Bacillus species isolated in our study have never been isolated from sugarcane, and others have been studied for the first time as plant growth promoters. The isolated strains constitute an important microbial bank to be explored to compose innovative products for agriculture.(AU)


Bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas são conhecidas por estabelecer relações positivas com as plantas. Atuam no favorecimento da nutrição das plantas, produção de fitohormônios, controle de patógenos e aumento da tolerância ao estresse. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objetivo isolar bactérias do solo, rizosfera e endosfera radicular de cana-de-açúcar, cultivada na região Sudeste do Brasil, para prospectar cepas com potencial para promoção de crescimento vegetal. As amostras foram semeadas em meio Ágar Nutriente, e as colônias morfologicamente distintas foram isoladas e analisadas quanto à produção de ácido indolacético, solubilização de fosfato e controle de crescimento do fungo fitopatogênico Fusarium verticillioides. Foram obtidos 219 isolados, sendo 86 do solo, 67 da rizosfera e 66 da endosfera da raiz da cana-de-açúcar. As cepas que apresentaram mais de um mecanismo de promoção do crescimento vegetal foram identificadas pelo sequenciamento do gene 16S. A maioria das espécies pertence ao gênero Bacillus, que possui linhagens utilizadas em diversos produtos biológicos para o controle de doenças na agricultura. Algumas espécies de Bacillus nunca foram isoladas da cana-deaçúcar e outras foram estudadas pela primeira vez como promotoras de crescimento de plantas. As cepas isoladas constituem um importante banco microbiano a ser explorado para a composição de produtos inovadores para a agricultura.(AU)


Assuntos
Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas , Produtos Biológicos , Saccharum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fusarium , Ágar
13.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 28: e20220017, 2022. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1386130

Resumo

The innovation timeline is expensive, risky, competitive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. In order to overcome such challenges and optimize financial resources, pharmaceutical companies nowadays hire contract development and manufacturing organizations (CDMO) to help them. Based on the experience acquired first from the development of two biopharmaceuticals, the Heterologous Fibrin Sealant and the Apilic Antivenom, and more recently, during their respective clinical trials; the Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) proposed to the Ministry of Health the creation of the first Brazilian CDMO. This groundbreaking venture will assist in converting a candidate molecule - from its discovery, proof of concept, product development, up to pilot batch production - into a product. The CDMO impact and legacy will be immense, offering service provision to the public and private sector by producing validated samples for clinical trials and academic training on translational research for those seeking a position in pharmaceutical industries and manufacturing platforms.(AU)


Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos/análise , Proposta de Concorrência/organização & administração , Protocolo de Ensaio Clínico , Brasil , Boas Práticas de Fabricação
14.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 28: e20220028, 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1418277

Resumo

Background: A combination of pharmacological and biomedical assays was applied in this study to examine the bioactivity of Conus virgo crude venom in order to determine the potential pharmacological benefit of this venom, and its in vivo mechanism of action. Methods: Two doses (1/5 and 1/10 of LC50, 9.14 and 4.57 mg/kg) of the venom were used in pharmacological assays (central and peripheral analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic), while 1/2 of LC50 (22.85 mg/kg) was used in cytotoxic assays on experimental animals at different time intervals, and then compared with control and reference drug groups. Results: The tail immersion time was significantly increased in venom-treated mice compared with the control group. Also, a significant reduction in writhing movement was recorded after injection of both venom doses compared with the control group. In addition, only the high venom concentration has a mild anti-inflammatory effect at the late inflammation stage. The induced pyrexia was also decreased significantly after treatment with both venom doses. On the other hand, significant increases were observed in lipid peroxidation (after 4 hours) and reduced glutathione contents and glutathione peroxidase activity, while contents of lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide (after 24 hours) and catalase activity were depleted significantly after venom administration. Conclusion: These results indicated that the crude venom of Conus virgo probably contain bioactive components that have pharmacological activities with low cytotoxic effects. Therefore, it may comprise a potential lead compound for the development of drugs that would control pain and pyrexia.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Produtos Biológicos/análise , Gastrópodes/genética , Compostos Orgânicos/toxicidade , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia
15.
Anim. Reprod. (Online) ; 19(1): e20210132, 2022. graf, tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1367911

Resumo

This review is intended to draw attention to the importance of the culture media composition on the health of the embryos, fetuses, newborns, and adults derived from assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Although current research and industry trends are to use chemically defined media because of their suitability for manufacturing, commercialization, and regulatory purposes, compelling evidence indicates that those media fail to adequately account for the biological demands of early embryogenesis. Here, we list the main undesirable consequences of the ART described in the literature and results we and others have obtained over the past decade exploring an alternative and more natural way to support embryo growth in vitro: inclusion of endogenous reproductive fluids as additives in the ART culture media for pigs, cows, and humans. This review systematically assesses the pros and cons of using reproductive fluid additives, as well as the requirements to implement this approach in the future.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Técnicas In Vitro , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Estruturas Embrionárias , Síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann/diagnóstico , Produtos Biológicos , Epigenômica
16.
Acta amaz ; 52(1): 53-59, 2022. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1437374

Resumo

Copaiba oleoresin, extracted from the Copaifera reticulata tree, has been used as a remedy in popular medicine in the Brazilian Amazon for various purposes, including reducing drug abuse. Yet no studies evaluated the effect of repeated administration of copaiba oil on alcohol consumption in animals. To evaluate this effect, we divided adult male Wistar rats into a) an alcohol group in which the animals had free access to choose between two bottles: one containing alcohol solution (20%) and another containing vehicle solution (0.2% saccharin); and b) a control group with access to two bottles containing vehicle solution. Rats were free to drink 24 h per day, for 35 days. Daily alcohol consumption and weekly body weight gain and food intake were monitored. From day 22, half of the rats in each group received 600 mg kg-1 copaiba oleoresin and the other received vehicle, subcutaneously, once a day, for three days. On day 35, rats were evaluated in an open-field test. The results showed that copaiba oil decreased voluntary alcohol intake and preference between days 2 and 6 after the last administration. Copaiba treatment also decreased the food intake and body weight gain in both alcohol and control groups without changing behaviors in the open-field test. Therefore, copaiba oil was able to reduce voluntary alcohol consumption in rats and could be tested in humans as an adjuvant to treat alcohol use disorder.(AU)


O óleo extraído da árvore copaíba, Copaifera reticulata, tem sido usado na medicina popular na Amazônia brasileira para diversos fins, incluindo abuso de drogas. Contudo, não há estudos avaliando o efeito da administração repetida do óleo de copaíba sobre o consumo de álcool em animais. Para avaliar esse efeito, dividimos ratos Wistar machos adultos em dois grupos: a) um grupo álcool, no qual os animais tinham livre acesso a duas garrafas: uma contendo solução alcoólica (20%) e outra contendo solução veículo (sacarina 0,2%); e b) um grupo controle com acesso a duas garrafas contendo solução veículo. Os ratos podiam beber livremente, 24 horas por dia, durante 35 dias. O consumo diário de álcool, bem como o ganho de peso corporal semanal e a ingestão de alimentos foram monitorados. A partir do dia 22, metade dos ratos de cada grupo recebeu 600 mg kg-1 de óleo de copaíba e a outra metade recebeu veículo, por via subcutânea, uma vez ao dia, durante três dias. No dia 35, os ratos foram testados em teste de campo aberto. Os resultados mostraram que o óleo de copaíba diminuiu a ingestão voluntária e a preferência por álcool entre os dias 2 e 6 após a última administração. O tratamento com óleo de copaíba também diminuiu a ingestão alimentar e o ganho de peso corporal em ambos os grupos álcool e controle, sem alterar o comportamento no teste de campo aberto. Portanto, o óleo de copaíba foi capaz de reduzir o consumo voluntário de álcool em ratos e poderia ser testado em humanos como um adjuvante para tratar transtorno de uso de álcool.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Óleos Voláteis , Produtos Biológicos , Fabaceae/química
17.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 27: e20210023, 2021. tab, graf, ilus, mapas
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1346437

Resumo

Diverse and unique bioactive neurotoxins known as conopeptides or conotoxins are produced by venomous marine cone snails. Currently, these small and stable molecules are of great importance as research tools and platforms for discovering new drugs and therapeutics. Therefore, the characterization of Conus venom is of great significance, especially for poorly studied species. Methods: In this study, we used bioanalytical techniques to determine the venom profile and emphasize the functional composition of conopeptides in Conus taeniatus, a neglected worm-hunting cone snail. Results: The proteomic analysis revealed that 84.0% of the venom proteins were between 500 and 4,000 Da, and 16.0% were > 4,000 Da. In C. taeniatus venom, 234 peptide fragments were identified and classified as conotoxin precursors or non-conotoxin proteins. In this process, 153 conotoxin precursors were identified and matched to 23 conotoxin precursors and hormone superfamilies. Notably, the four conotoxin superfamilies T (22.87%), O1 (17.65%), M (13.1%) and O2 (9.8%) were the most abundant peptides in C. taeniatus venom, accounting for 63.40% of the total conotoxin diversity. On the other hand, 48 non-conotoxin proteins were identified in the venom of C. taeniatus. Moreover, several possibly biologically active peptide matches were identified, and putative applications of the peptides were assigned. Conclusion: Our study showed that the composition of the C. taeniatus-derived proteome is comparable to that of other Conus species and contains an effective mix of toxins, ionic channel inhibitors and antimicrobials. Additionally, it provides a guidepost for identifying novel conopeptides from the venom of C. taeniatus and discovering conopeptides of potential pharmaceutical importance.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Proteoma , Conotoxinas , Caramujo Conus , Venenos de Moluscos , Neurotoxinas , Produtos Biológicos
18.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 42(4): 2151-2162, jul.-ago. 2021. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1370620

Resumo

An increase in the carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) in the atmosphere has occurred in recent years, influencing the different biological aspects of herbivorous insects. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of CO2 increase on the biological aspects of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard leafminer in melon plants. For this, two experiments were carried out: (i) to evaluate the effect of melon plants grown in CO2- enriched environments on the immature developmental stages of L. sativae and L. sativae adult longevity, and (ii) to verify the impact of increased CO2 concentration on L. sativae adult survival, feeding punctures, and oviposition. The experiments were carried out in growth chambers maintained in the temperature regime of 20-26-33 °C (simulating the minimum, average, and maximum daily temperature) and under two CO2 concentrations (400 ppm and 770 ppm). The immature stages and the egg-adult period of L. sativae were longer when they developed on plants grown in high CO2 levels (770 ppm), but no difference in adult longevity was observed. The viability of the immature phases was not different between the two CO2 concentrations. Furthermore, there was no difference in the number of eggs and feeding punctures between treatments. Thus, the increase in CO2 concentration prolongs the duration of the immature stages of L. sativae; however, it does not affect their viability. Adult survival, fertility, and feeding punctures were also unmodified by the environment enriched with CO2.(AU)


O aumento da concentração de dióxido de carbono (CO2) na atmosfera tem ocorrido nos últimos anos, influenciando nos diferentes aspectos biológicos de insetos herbívoros. O presente trabalho visa avaliar o impacto do aumento da concentração de CO2 sobre aspectos biológicos da mosca-minadora, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, em meloeiro. Para isso foram realizados dois experimentos: (i) o primeiro para avaliar o efeito de plantas de meloeiro cultivadas em ambientes enriquecido com CO2 sobre o desenvolvimento dos estágios imaturos e da longevidade dos adultos de L. sativae; e o (ii) segundo para verificar o impacto do aumento da concentração de CO2 sobre a sobrevivência, puncturas de alimentação e oviposição de L. sativae. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em câmaras de crescimento com regime de temperatura de 20-26-33°C (simulando a temperatura mínima, média e máxima diária) e duas concentrações de CO2, 400 e 770 ppm. Os estágios imaturos e o período ovo-adulto de L. sativae foram maiores quando desenvolvidos em plantas cultivadas em elevado nível de CO2, no entanto não foi observado diferença na longevidade dos adultos. A viabilidade das fases imaturas não diferenciou entre as duas concentrações de CO2. Não houve diferença no número de ovos e puncturas de alimentação entre os tratamentos. Desta forma, o aumento de CO2 prolonga a duração dos estágios imaturos de L. sativae, porém, não afeta a viabilidade destas. A sobrevivência dos adultos, fecundidade e puncturas de alimentação também não é modificada no ambiente enriquecido com CO2.(AU)


Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos , Dióxido de Carbono , Cucurbitaceae
19.
Pap. avulsos Zool. ; 61: e20216130, 2021. mapas, tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-765695

Resumo

This paper presents an ornithological inventory taken between March and December of 2017 in the Brazilian state of Paraná. Although the surroundings contain one relatively well-known location in regard to ornithology, Iguaçu National Park, several other areas merit exploration, among them the Santa Helena Relevant Ecological Interest Area (ARIE-SH). The 1,479 ha ARIE-SH is essentially a large remnant of the Atlantic Forest located adjacent to the city of Santa Helena, Paraná, which commencing in the 1980s has undergone considerable reforestation with both native and exotic species, including fruit species. Prior to censusing bird species and to better characterize the avian community, we conducted a bibliographic review of earlier ornithological studies carried out at ARIE-SH. In addition, we conducted opportunistic and unsystematic observations in nearby locations. We recorded 311 species of birds. During the current inventory, and others conducted in the area since 2016, we recorded six Atlantic Forest endemic species, five species threatened in Paraná, and two globally threatened species. Common species which showed high Index of Frequency in Lists include (in descending order) Basileuterus culicivorus, Leptotila verreauxi, Cnemotriccus fuscatus, Corythopis delalandi, Turdus leucomelas and Arremon flavirostris. Nine species observed while conducting this census (Laterallus exilis, Amazona vinacea, Herpsilochmus longirostris, Campylorhamphus trochilirostris, Casiornis rufus, Campylorhynchus turdinus, Myiothlypis flaveola, Eucometis penicillata and Sporophila palustris) are the first records for this region.(AU)


Assuntos
Estudos Ecológicos , Produtos Biológicos , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais
20.
J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis. ; 27: e20210023, 2021. tab, graf, ilus, mapas
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-31889

Resumo

Diverse and unique bioactive neurotoxins known as conopeptides or conotoxins are produced by venomous marine cone snails. Currently, these small and stable molecules are of great importance as research tools and platforms for discovering new drugs and therapeutics. Therefore, the characterization of Conus venom is of great significance, especially for poorly studied species. Methods: In this study, we used bioanalytical techniques to determine the venom profile and emphasize the functional composition of conopeptides in Conus taeniatus, a neglected worm-hunting cone snail. Results: The proteomic analysis revealed that 84.0% of the venom proteins were between 500 and 4,000 Da, and 16.0% were > 4,000 Da. In C. taeniatus venom, 234 peptide fragments were identified and classified as conotoxin precursors or non-conotoxin proteins. In this process, 153 conotoxin precursors were identified and matched to 23 conotoxin precursors and hormone superfamilies. Notably, the four conotoxin superfamilies T (22.87%), O1 (17.65%), M (13.1%) and O2 (9.8%) were the most abundant peptides in C. taeniatus venom, accounting for 63.40% of the total conotoxin diversity. On the other hand, 48 non-conotoxin proteins were identified in the venom of C. taeniatus. Moreover, several possibly biologically active peptide matches were identified, and putative applications of the peptides were assigned. Conclusion: Our study showed that the composition of the C. taeniatus-derived proteome is comparable to that of other Conus species and contains an effective mix of toxins, ionic channel inhibitors and antimicrobials. Additionally, it provides a guidepost for identifying novel conopeptides from the venom of C. taeniatus and discovering conopeptides of potential pharmaceutical importance.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Proteoma , Conotoxinas , Caramujo Conus , Venenos de Moluscos , Neurotoxinas , Produtos Biológicos
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