Extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the duodenum of a dog

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most observed primary bone tumor in dogs, and may affect the appendicular and axial skeletons. In addition, it may be present in extraskeletal form, accounting for only 1% of cases. As shown by few reports in the literature, the involvement of the intestinal region by is rare. The objective of this study was to report the case of a 13-year-old Yorkshire dog, submitted to an exploratory laparotomy for suspected partial intestinal obstruction, diagnosed with extraskeletal osteosarcoma. Case: A 13-year-old dog, Yorkshire Terrier, male, presented clinical signs of gastrointestinal abnormalities. An ultrasound examination was performed and was found a mass in small intestine region with wall and lumen invasion. Then, was realized exploratory laparotomy and detected intestinal obstruction due to a mass with approximately 5.0 x 6.0 x 4.4 cm localized in duodenum. Surgical removal was performed and the sample sent to the veterinary diagnostic laboratory for histopathological examination. The sample had an irregular surface and firm consistency. In addition, when cut, the mass enveloped the intestinal layers and sometimes obstructed the lumen. Then, the sample were processed routinely for histopathology. After that, in microscopy evaluation was detected cell proliferation, affecting all layers of intestine. In detail, cells were elongated with pleomorphism marked and atypical mitosis. In addition, there was production of cartilage and bone matrix. So, due the absence of others sites, the neoplasm was considered primary of intestine. After that, to evaluate the expression of KI-67 and COX-2 was performed, and the cell proliferation index was 54.0% and the COX-2 expression was moderate in less than 10% of neoplastic cells. After the surgery, the patient was hospitalized for a week and continue the treatment in home. Afterwards, the tutor received the diagnosis, but even though he was instructed on the severity of the case, he chose not to undergo chemotherapy. After three months, the patient presented abdominal fluid and nodules in your liver, suggesting metastasis, but without diagnosis confirmation. The patient died five months after the diagnosis of extraskeletal osteosarcoma. However, no necropsy was realized, impossibility the diagnosis confirm. Discussion: The frequency of extraskeletal osteosarcoma in dogs remains unknown, with the mammary glands being the most affected site. In the present study, osteosarcoma affects the duodenal region and no reports of this neoplasm in the duodenum of dogs have been found in the literature. The clinical sign of dyschezia was important for the tutor to refer the animal to the veterinarian and perform the ultrasound in an attempt to elucidate the case, as the tumor mass is not always palpable. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry were necessary for the differential diagnosis and to establish the prognosis, although after the surgery the tutor chose not to perform chemotherapy. Extraskeletal osteosarcoma are usually highly metastatic, mainly affecting the lymph nodes and liver. In this case, the patient presented a liver nodule three months after the tumor removal surgery, but unfortunately, there was no diagnostic confirmation. Such neoplastic type is rarer and more aggressive than appendicular and axial osteosarcoma, with an average survival of 1 to 3 months. In this case, as a necropsy was not obtained, we cannot attribute the survival time to the disease. The survival rates of osteosarcomas in dogs are few months, but in the present case, although the patient died five months after surgery, the failure to perform a necropsy compromises the attribution of survival time to extraskeletal osteosarcoma.

Osteoporosis in swine / Osteoporose em suínos

Forty-six pigs presented muscle weakness, hind limb paresis and paralysis, weight loss, lateral recumbency, and death in a clinical course of 7 to 10 days. Two pigs were necropsied and exhibited bone fragility, bone callus formation, and multiple fractures in the limbs, ribs, and vertebrae. Microscopically, there was a diffuse and marked decrease in thickness and number of trabeculae. These were disconnected, with a "free-floating" appearance, while the cortex of the long bones was thinned, with an increase of the cortical porosity by enlargement of Haversian canals and endosteal erosion and decreased osteoblastic activity. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry in liver samples revealed significant zinc overload (>2300ppm) and copper deficiency (<33.1ppm). In this communication, we present the first pathologic description of an outbreak of osteoporosis in pigs, and we also provide a brief review of metabolic bone diseases in pigs.

Quarenta e seis suínos apresentaram fraqueza muscular, paresia e paralisia de membros pélvicos, perda de peso, decúbito lateral e morte, com um curso clínico de 7 a 10 dias. Dois suínos foram submetidos a necropsia e exibiram fragilidade óssea, formação de calo ósseo, e múltiplas fraturas em membros, costelas e vértebras. Microscopicamente notou-se difusamente um marcado decréscimo na espessura e número de trabéculas ósseas. Essas estavam desconexas, com uma aparência de flutuação, enquanto o córtex dos ossos longos estava afinado, com um aumento da porosidade pela dilatação dos canais de Haversian, erosão endosteal e diminuição da atividade osteoblástica. Espectrofotometria por chama foi realizada em amostras de fígado, e revelou um excesso de zinco (>2300ppm) e deficiência de cobre (<33.1ppm). Neste trabalho, apresentamos a primeira descrição patológica de um surto de osteoporose em suínos, além de fornecer uma breve revisão de doenças metabólicas em suínos.

Nocardiose em gatos - achados clínicos, anatomopatológicos e morfotintoriais / Nocardiosis in cats - clinical, anatomopathological and morphotintorial characteristics

Background: Nocardiosis is an infectious bacterial disease that can cause cutaneous/ subcutaneous, pulmonary and systemic lesions in different species of domestic animals. The type of transmission occurs through mechanical lesions on the skin or contamination of wounds, in cases of skin involvement, inhalation of aerosols and ingestion of contaminated materials are involved in the pathogenesis of the respiratory and digestive form of the disease. This paper described 4 cases of nocardiosis in cats, addressing the clinical, anatomopathological and morphotintorial characteristics of Nocardia sp. Cases: Four cases of nocardiosis in cats were reviewed, in which data related to breed, sex, age, origin, clinical signs, macroscopic and histological lesions described in necropsy protocols were evaluated. The histological tissue sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) were evaluated in order to characterize the inflammatory response in each case. In addition, paraffin blocks of fragments from affected organ were selected to perform special histochemical staining techniques of Grocott Methenamine Silver (GMS), modified Ziehl-Neelsen, Gram Brown-Brenn and Giemsa stain which are the most characterized techniques used for histopathological diagnoses and it was also used an immunohistochemical test with polyclonal antibody anti-Nocardia sp. (non-commercial). The animals were adults of both sexes, mixed breed, not castrated and semi-domesticated. Neither immunosuppressive factors nor concomitant diseases were identified in the cases studied. The main clinical signs were apathy, anorexia, dehydration, phlegmon and draining tracts. Macroscopically, skin / subcutaneous tissue (3/4), skeletal muscle (2/4), lymph nodes (2/4), liver (2/4), omentum (1/4), spleen (1/4) were affected. In addition, it could be noted that mandibular bone (1/4), pleural tissue (1/4), left testicle (1/4) and Central Nervous System (CNS) (1/4) were also affected by this disease. Microscopically, regarding all cases, there was a pyogranulomatous inflammation in the affected organs. With respect to cases 1, 3 and 4, filamentous, branched, slightly basophilic structures in loose or individual aggregates in the interior of the pseudo-rosettes and in the necrotic areas were observed in the HEstained tissue sections. In all cases submitted to special histochemical techniques, filamentous, branched, individual or loose aggregate structures were observed, the samples were impregnated with silver, and bacteria appear as blue using the Brown-Brenn Gram technique, and stained red in the modified Ziehl-Neelsen, and stained faintly pink in Giemsa stain. The bacteria were observed mainly in the border of the pyogranulomas, in the center of the pseudo-rosettes and in the necrotic areas, being compatible with the infection by Nocardia sp. All cases were positive for immunohistochemistry (IHC). Discussion: Nocardiosis was diagnosed in all cats in this study based on the anatomopathological findings associated with the visualization of the agent and its morphotintorial characteristics by using special histochemical stains and being confirmed by IHC. It occurs mainly in the cutaneous and/or subcutaneous tissues, with systemic involvement and death of the affected animals, in addition to affecting bone tissue considered an uncommon site for the disease. The diagnosis can be established based on the anatomopathological findings associated with the morphotintorial characteristics by using special histochemical stains, which are important for evidencing and morphologically characterizing the agent, as well as being confirmed by IHC.

Non-epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma with systemic dissemination in a dog

Background: Cutaneous lymphoma is a highly malignant neoplasm, which can originate in the epidermis or dermis, aswell as be disseminated to other organs such as lung, heart, arm, liver and bone marrow. It comes in the form of nodes ofvarious sizes, erythematous and alopecic, itching may or may not occur. The diagnosis is made by cytological and histopathological examination of the compromised tissue. However, it is important to perform complementary tests for clinicalstaging and prognostic characterization. The objective is to report a case of non-epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma withsystemic dissemination in a dog.Case: A female mixed bred adult canine was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grossodo Sul with a history of progressive weight loss and the presence of alopecic and non-pruritic subcutaneous nodules in thetorso, nasal plane and pelvic limbs, starting 4 months ago. After approximately 20 days, the presence of rapidly evolvingulcerated nodules was noted. On physical examination, generalized lymphadenomegaly was observed and among thedermatological findings were multiple nodules of varying sizes with the presence of ulceration in the center of the lesions,alopecia, erythema and raised edges, in the region of the nasal sinus, pelvic and thoracic limbs, tail, thoracolumbar andabdominal region. The animal also presented right pelvic limb edema with painful sensibility to manipulation CBC andbiochemical tests (albumin, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, globulins, total proteins andfractions) were performed, being observed as normocytic normochromic type anemia alteration (erythrocytes: 2.78 106/µL; hemoglobin: 6.8 g/µL; globular volume: 18.8%), leukopenia (4,000/mm3) with presence of metamyelocytes (120/mm3) and rods (1,080/mm3) and lymphopenia (80/mm3). Three samples of the nodules were...

Non-epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma with systemic dissemination in a dog

Background: Cutaneous lymphoma is a highly malignant neoplasm, which can originate in the epidermis or dermis, aswell as be disseminated to other organs such as lung, heart, arm, liver and bone marrow. It comes in the form of nodes ofvarious sizes, erythematous and alopecic, itching may or may not occur. The diagnosis is made by cytological and histopathological examination of the compromised tissue. However, it is important to perform complementary tests for clinicalstaging and prognostic characterization. The objective is to report a case of non-epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma withsystemic dissemination in a dog.Case: A female mixed bred adult canine was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grossodo Sul with a history of progressive weight loss and the presence of alopecic and non-pruritic subcutaneous nodules in thetorso, nasal plane and pelvic limbs, starting 4 months ago. After approximately 20 days, the presence of rapidly evolvingulcerated nodules was noted. On physical examination, generalized lymphadenomegaly was observed and among thedermatological findings were multiple nodules of varying sizes with the presence of ulceration in the center of the lesions,alopecia, erythema and raised edges, in the region of the nasal sinus, pelvic and thoracic limbs, tail, thoracolumbar andabdominal region. The animal also presented right pelvic limb edema with painful sensibility to manipulation CBC andbiochemical tests (albumin, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, globulins, total proteins andfractions) were performed, being observed as normocytic normochromic type anemia alteration (erythrocytes: 2.78 106/µL; hemoglobin: 6.8 g/µL; globular volume: 18.8%), leukopenia (4,000/mm3) with presence of metamyelocytes (120/mm3) and rods (1,080/mm3) and lymphopenia (80/mm3). Three samples of the nodules were...(AU)

A rare bone metastasis of mammary carcinoma in a female dog: case report / Metástase óssea rara de carcinoma mamário em cadela: relato de caso

Mammary gland tumors are the most frequent neoplasm in dogs and are mostly malignant. Metastases ordinarily occur firstly at the pulmonary level, and subsequently in the lymph nodes, liver and kidneys. Less frequently, they appear at the bone. Therefore, the present study report a case of bone metastasis in a seven-year-old female boxer dog, consisting of poorly differentiated carcinoma that probably originated from mammary carcinoma. For the diagnosis, the bone biopsy was performed and the tissue fragments obtained were sent for histopathological examination. The positive immunohistochemical stain for cytokeratin 7 performed later reinforced the hypothesis that mammary carcinoma was the primary site of metastasis. The occurrences of bone metastases arising from the mammary gland are rare among dogs, possibly because metastasis is underdiagnosed and the animals do not reach the final stage of the disease. Thereby, there is a need to investigate the entire skeleton more accurately, in order to make an early diagnosis of bone metastasis and increase these animals survival.

Os tumores de glândula mamária são as neoplasias mais frequentes em cães e são principalmente malignos. As metástases geralmente ocorrem primeiro no nível pulmonar e, posteriormente, nos gânglios linfáticos, fígado e rins. Com menos frequência, eles aparecem no osso. Portanto, o presente estudo relata um caso de metástase óssea em uma cadela boxer de sete anos, consistindo de carcinoma pouco diferenciado, provavelmente originado de carcinoma mamário. Para o diagnóstico, foi realizada biópsia óssea e os fragmentos de tecido obtidos foram encaminhados para exame histopatológico. A coloração imunohistoquímica positiva para citoqueratina 7 realizada posteriormente reforçou a hipótese de que o carcinoma mamário era o sítio primário de metástase. A ocorrência de metástases ósseas oriundas da glândula mamária é rara em cães, possivelmente porque a metástase é subdiagnosticada e os animais não atingem o estágio final da doença. Desse modo, há a necessidade de investigar todo o esqueleto com mais precisão, a fim de fazer um diagnóstico precoce de metástase óssea e aumentar a sobrevida desses animais.

A rare bone metastasis of mammary carcinoma in a female dog: case report / Metástase óssea rara de carcinoma mamário em cadela: relato de caso

Mammary gland tumors are the most frequent neoplasm in dogs and are mostly malignant. Metastases ordinarily occur firstly at the pulmonary level, and subsequently in the lymph nodes, liver and kidneys. Less frequently, they appear at the bone. Therefore, the present study report a case of bone metastasis in a seven-year-old female boxer dog, consisting of poorly differentiated carcinoma that probably originated from mammary carcinoma. For the diagnosis, the bone biopsy was performed and the tissue fragments obtained were sent for histopathological examination. The positive immunohistochemical stain for cytokeratin 7 performed later reinforced the hypothesis that mammary carcinoma was the primary site of metastasis. The occurrences of bone metastases arising from the mammary gland are rare among dogs, possibly because metastasis is underdiagnosed and the animals do not reach the final stage of the disease. Thereby, there is a need to investigate the entire skeleton more accurately, in order to make an early diagnosis of bone metastasis and increase these animals survival.(AU)

Os tumores de glândula mamária são as neoplasias mais frequentes em cães e são principalmente malignos. As metástases geralmente ocorrem primeiro no nível pulmonar e, posteriormente, nos gânglios linfáticos, fígado e rins. Com menos frequência, eles aparecem no osso. Portanto, o presente estudo relata um caso de metástase óssea em uma cadela boxer de sete anos, consistindo de carcinoma pouco diferenciado, provavelmente originado de carcinoma mamário. Para o diagnóstico, foi realizada biópsia óssea e os fragmentos de tecido obtidos foram encaminhados para exame histopatológico. A coloração imunohistoquímica positiva para citoqueratina 7 realizada posteriormente reforçou a hipótese de que o carcinoma mamário era o sítio primário de metástase. A ocorrência de metástases ósseas oriundas da glândula mamária é rara em cães, possivelmente porque a metástase é subdiagnosticada e os animais não atingem o estágio final da doença. Desse modo, há a necessidade de investigar todo o esqueleto com mais precisão, a fim de fazer um diagnóstico precoce de metástase óssea e aumentar a sobrevida desses animais.(AU)

Mieloma múltiplo em felino / Multiple myeloma in a feline

Background: Multiple myelomas (MM) are malignant neoplasms originating in the bone marrow plasmacytes, and are characterized by the presence of persistent hyperglobulinemia. Although they are rarely found in domestic animals, the canine species is most affected. In felines, they represent less than 1% of hematopoietic neoplasms, and mainly occur in older animals aged 10-12 years. The aim of the present study was to report a case of multiple myeloma, with extramedullary plasmocytosis in a feline. Case: A 3-year-old feline, female, mixed breed, with a history of apathy, anorexia, halitosis, and vomiting was referred to the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD) at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). Oral examination revealed a cyanotic oral mucosa and ulcerative lesions on the gingiva. The necropsy showed generalized lymphadenomegaly, splenomegaly, and hemorrhagic diathesis. Organ fragments were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. After 48 h, the samples were cleaved, embedded in paraffin, and stained using the routine hematoxylin and eosin technique. Selected sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the streptavidin-biotin method. The CD79a, CD138, CD3, and MUM1 antibodies were used. Histopathological evaluation of the bone marrow revealed hypercellularity with predominant round pleomorphic cells (90%), which presented an eccentric basophilic nucleus and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The same neoplastic cells infiltrated the gingival mucosa, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain. The IHC showed positive immunostaining for MUM1 and CD138 antibodies. Discussion: The diagnosis of MM in the present study was based on histopathology and by IHC. According to the literature, the presence of neoplastic plasmocytes in the bone marrow (>20%)...

Mieloma múltiplo em felino / Multiple myeloma in a feline

Background: Multiple myelomas (MM) are malignant neoplasms originating in the bone marrow plasmacytes, and are characterized by the presence of persistent hyperglobulinemia. Although they are rarely found in domestic animals, the canine species is most affected. In felines, they represent less than 1% of hematopoietic neoplasms, and mainly occur in older animals aged 10-12 years. The aim of the present study was to report a case of multiple myeloma, with extramedullary plasmocytosis in a feline. Case: A 3-year-old feline, female, mixed breed, with a history of apathy, anorexia, halitosis, and vomiting was referred to the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD) at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). Oral examination revealed a cyanotic oral mucosa and ulcerative lesions on the gingiva. The necropsy showed generalized lymphadenomegaly, splenomegaly, and hemorrhagic diathesis. Organ fragments were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. After 48 h, the samples were cleaved, embedded in paraffin, and stained using the routine hematoxylin and eosin technique. Selected sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the streptavidin-biotin method. The CD79a, CD138, CD3, and MUM1 antibodies were used. Histopathological evaluation of the bone marrow revealed hypercellularity with predominant round pleomorphic cells (90%), which presented an eccentric basophilic nucleus and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The same neoplastic cells infiltrated the gingival mucosa, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain. The IHC showed positive immunostaining for MUM1 and CD138 antibodies. Discussion: The diagnosis of MM in the present study was based on histopathology and by IHC. According to the literature, the presence of neoplastic plasmocytes in the bone marrow (>20%)...(AU)

Epidemiological and pathologic aspects of extra-skeletal osteosarcoma in dogs / Aspectos epidemiológicos e patológicos do osteossarcoma extraesquelético em cães

Extra-skeletal osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that originates from soft tissue. This tumor occurs spontaneously in dogs, but there are few cases described in the literature. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and pathologic features of extra-skeletal osteosarcoma in 36 dogs. Cases diagnosed as osteosarcoma affecting dogs (n=216), during 2006 to 2016 were reviewed. Of these, 36 cases were diagnosed as extra-skeletal osteosarcoma. The mean age of affected dogs was 10.4 years, and the mean weight was 19.5kg. No breed predisposition was observed. The most frequently affected sites were the mammary glands (80.6%; 29/36), subcutaneous tissue (5.6%; 2/36), liver (5.6%; 2/36), spleen (2.8%; 1/36), omentum (2.8%; 1/36), and kidney (2.8%; 1/36). Histological examination revealed that 61.1% (22/36) of the tumors were osteoblastic, 33.3% (12/36) chondroblastic, 2.8% (1/36) fibroblastic, and 2.8% (1/36) were giant cell-rich osteosarcomas. Histological grade II and III were the most frequent. Lymph node metastases were observed in 21.4% (3/14) of the cases of mammary gland osteosarcoma. Distant metastases were observed in 23.1% (3/13) of cases by diagnostic imaging and in 71.4% (5/7) during autopsy. Metastases were observed in the lungs (57.1%; 4/7), liver (14.3%; 1/7), spleen (14.3%; 1/7), and in multiple sites (14.3%; 1/7). Pulmonary metastases were more frequently observed in cases of mammary gland osteosarcoma.

Osteossarcoma extraesquelético é uma neoplasma mesenquimal maligno que se origina de tecidos moles. O neoplasma ocorre espontaneamente em cães, mas há poucos casos descritos na literatura. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos e patológicos do osteossarcoma extraesquelético em 36 cães. Casos diagnosticados de osteossarcoma afetando cães (n=216), durante 2006 a 2016 foram revisados. Deste total, 36 casos tiveram diagnóstico de osteossarcoma extraesquelético. A média de idade foi de 10,4 anos, não houve predisposição racial e o peso médio foi de 19,5kg. Os locais acometidos foram glândula mamária (80,6%; 29/36), tecido subcutâneo (5,6%; 2/36), fígado (5,6%; 2/36), baço (2,8%; 1/36), omento (2,8%; 1/36) e rim (2,8%; 1/36). Na histologia, 61,1% (22/36) eram osteoblásticos, 33,3% (12/36) eram condroblásticos, 2,8% (1/36) eram fibroblásticos e 2,8% (1/36) eram ricos em células gigantes. Os graus histológicos II e III foram os mais frequentes. Metástases nodais estavam presentes em 21,4% (3/14) dos casos que ocorreram na mama. Metástases distantes foram constatadas em 23,1% (3/13) dos casos por exames de imagem e em 71,4% (5/7) dos casos pela autópsia. Os locais de metástases foram pulmões (57,1%; 4/7), fígado (14,3%; 1/7), baço (14,3%; 1/7) e em múltiplos sítios (14,3%; 1/7). Metástases pulmonares foram mais frequentes em cadelas com osteossarcoma de glândula mamária.

Epidemiological and pathologic aspects of extra-skeletal osteosarcoma in dogs / Aspectos epidemiológicos e patológicos do osteossarcoma extraesquelético em cães

Extra-skeletal osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that originates from soft tissue. This tumor occurs spontaneously in dogs, but there are few cases described in the literature. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and pathologic features of extra-skeletal osteosarcoma in 36 dogs. Cases diagnosed as osteosarcoma affecting dogs (n=216), during 2006 to 2016 were reviewed. Of these, 36 cases were diagnosed as extra-skeletal osteosarcoma. The mean age of affected dogs was 10.4 years, and the mean weight was 19.5kg. No breed predisposition was observed. The most frequently affected sites were the mammary glands (80.6%; 29/36), subcutaneous tissue (5.6%; 2/36), liver (5.6%; 2/36), spleen (2.8%; 1/36), omentum (2.8%; 1/36), and kidney (2.8%; 1/36). Histological examination revealed that 61.1% (22/36) of the tumors were osteoblastic, 33.3% (12/36) chondroblastic, 2.8% (1/36) fibroblastic, and 2.8% (1/36) were giant cell-rich osteosarcomas. Histological grade II and III were the most frequent. Lymph node metastases were observed in 21.4% (3/14) of the cases of mammary gland osteosarcoma. Distant metastases were observed in 23.1% (3/13) of cases by diagnostic imaging and in 71.4% (5/7) during autopsy. Metastases were observed in the lungs (57.1%; 4/7), liver (14.3%; 1/7), spleen (14.3%; 1/7), and in multiple sites (14.3%; 1/7). Pulmonary metastases were more frequently observed in cases of mammary gland osteosarcoma.(AU)

Osteossarcoma extraesquelético é uma neoplasma mesenquimal maligno que se origina de tecidos moles. O neoplasma ocorre espontaneamente em cães, mas há poucos casos descritos na literatura. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos e patológicos do osteossarcoma extraesquelético em 36 cães. Casos diagnosticados de osteossarcoma afetando cães (n=216), durante 2006 a 2016 foram revisados. Deste total, 36 casos tiveram diagnóstico de osteossarcoma extraesquelético. A média de idade foi de 10,4 anos, não houve predisposição racial e o peso médio foi de 19,5kg. Os locais acometidos foram glândula mamária (80,6%; 29/36), tecido subcutâneo (5,6%; 2/36), fígado (5,6%; 2/36), baço (2,8%; 1/36), omento (2,8%; 1/36) e rim (2,8%; 1/36). Na histologia, 61,1% (22/36) eram osteoblásticos, 33,3% (12/36) eram condroblásticos, 2,8% (1/36) eram fibroblásticos e 2,8% (1/36) eram ricos em células gigantes. Os graus histológicos II e III foram os mais frequentes. Metástases nodais estavam presentes em 21,4% (3/14) dos casos que ocorreram na mama. Metástases distantes foram constatadas em 23,1% (3/13) dos casos por exames de imagem e em 71,4% (5/7) dos casos pela autópsia. Os locais de metástases foram pulmões (57,1%; 4/7), fígado (14,3%; 1/7), baço (14,3%; 1/7) e em múltiplos sítios (14,3%; 1/7). Metástases pulmonares foram mais frequentes em cadelas com osteossarcoma de glândula mamária.(AU)

Aspectos anatomopatológicos em cães naturalmente infectados por Hepatozoon canis / Anatomopathological findings in dogs naturally infected by Hepatozoon canis

A hepatozoonose canina é causada principalmente pelos protozoários Hepatozoon canis e H. americanum, transmitida por ingestão de carrapatos parasitados. Os sinais clínicos podem ser inespecíficos ou de difícil reconhecimento, pois geralmente ocorre associada a outras doenças. No Brasil, o parasito, e a doença, já foram identificados em vários Estados, no entanto pouco se sabe sobre as alterações clínicas e anátomo-patológicas decorrentes da infecção. O presente trabalho relata cinco casos de infecções naturais por Hepatozoon canis em cães do Estado de Minas Gerais e descreve pela primeira vez no Brasil os achados de necropsias e histopatológicos relacionados à infecção. Merontes de Hepatozoon sp., submetidos a avaliação morfométrica, foram observados em cortes histológicos de fígado, baço, medula óssea e rim.(AU)

Canine hepatozoonosis is mainly caused by protozoa Hepatozoon canis and H. americanum that are transmitted by ingestion of infected ticks. Clinical signs may be unspecific or difficult to identify, because usually hepatozoonosis occurs associated with other disease. In Brazil, the parasite and the disease, have been identified in several states, however little is known about the clinical and anatomopathological lesions resulting from the infection. This paper reports five cases of natural infection by Hepatozoon canis in dogs from Minas Gerais State and describes for the first time in Brazil the necropsy and histopathological findings related to infection. Meronts of Hepatozoon sp., submitted to morphometric evaluation, were observed in histological sections of liver, spleen, bone marrow and kidney.(AU)

Aspectos anatomopatológicos em cães naturalmente infectados por Hepatozoon canis / Anatomopathological findings in dogs naturally infected by Hepatozoon canis

Canine hepatozoonosis is mainly caused by protozoa Hepatozoon canis and H. americanum that are transmitted by ingestion of infected ticks. Clinical signs may be unspecific or difficult to identify, because usually hepatozoonosis occurs associated with other disease. In Brazil, the parasite and the disease, have been identified in several states, however little is known about the clinical and anatomopathological lesions resulting from the infection. This paper reports five cases of natural infection by Hepatozoon canis in dogs from Minas Gerais State and describes for the first time in Brazil the necropsy and histopathological findings related to infection. Meronts of Hepatozoon sp., submitted to morphometric evaluation, were observed in histological sections of liver, spleen, bone marrow and kidney.(AU)

A hepatozoonose canina é causada principalmente pelos protozoários Hepatozoon canis e H. americanum, transmitida por ingestão de carrapatos parasitados. Os sinais clínicos podem ser inespecíficos ou de difícil reconhecimento, pois geralmente ocorre associada a outras doenças. No Brasil, o parasito, e a doença, já foram identificados em vários Estados, no entanto pouco se sabe sobre as alterações clínicas e anátomo-patológicas decorrentes da infecção. O presente trabalho relata cinco casos de infecções naturais por Hepatozoon canis em cães do Estado de Minas Gerais e descreve pela primeira vez no Brasil os achados de necropsias e histopatológicos relacionados à infecção. Merontes de Hepatozoon sp., submetidos a avaliação morfométrica, foram observados em cortes histológicos de fígado, baço, medula óssea e rim.(AU)

Dioctofimatose renal bilateral e disseminada em cão / Bilateral and disseminated renal dioctophimatosis in dog

Este trabalho descreve dioctofimatose renal bilateral e disseminada em canino no município de Pelotas, na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Uma cadela sem raça definida, de dois anos de idade e semi-domiciliada foi submetida a exame ultrassonográfico observando-se alterações sugestivas de parasitismo por Dioctophyme renale. O animal veio à morte antes de ser conduzido para nefrectomia e remoção dos parasitas. Foi encaminhado para necropsia no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da UFPel. Macroscopicamente, ao corte do rim direito observou-se atrofia do parênquima com formações císticas e exsudato serosanguinolento com quatro exemplares fêmeas de D. renale. A cápsula renal media 0,4cm de espessura, e apresentava placas multifocais esbranquiçadas, irregulares e de consistência dura, medindo até 2cm de diâmetro. Na pelve do rim esquerdo, havia um parasita macho de 22cm. A bexiga possuía conteúdo escurecido e pastoso. Ainda, livre na cavidade abdominal, próximo ao rim direito havia outro parasita macho de 30cm. No fígado havia região cicatricial no lobo em contato com o parasita. No tórax identificou-se livre na cavidade e formando impressão sob a gordura pericárdica, um parasita macho de D. renale, medindo 20cm. Histologicamente, além de lesões características da enfermidade, observou-se metaplasia óssea na capsula renal direita.(AU)

This paper describes a bilateral and disseminated renal dioctophymiasis in a canine in the municipality of Pelotas, southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, in Brazil. The two-year-old female dog with no defined race was semi-domiciled and was submitted to ultrasound examination presenting alterations suggestive of parasitism by Dioctophyme renale. The patient died before being led for nephrectomy and removal of the parasites. It was referred for necropsy at the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory of the UFPel Veterinary School. Macroscopically, at the cut of the right kidney, atrophy of the parenchyma with cystic formations and serosanguinous exudate with four female specimens of D. renale were observed. The renal capsule was 0.4cm thick and had irregular, hard, multifocal regions measuring up to 2cm in diameter. In the pelvis of the left kidney, there was a 22cm long male parasite. The bladder had darkened and pasty contents. Also, free in the abdominal cavity, near to the right kidney there was another male parasite of 30cm. In the liver there was a cicatricial region in the lobe in contact with the parasite. In the thorax, a male parasite of D. renale measuring 20cm, was identified free in the cavity and forming an impression under the pericardial fat. Histologically, in addition to the characteristic lesions of the disease, bone metaplasia was observed in the right renal capsule.(AU)

Dioctofimatose renal bilateral e disseminada em cão / Bilateral and disseminated renal dioctophimatosis in dog

Este trabalho descreve dioctofimatose renal bilateral e disseminada em canino no município de Pelotas, na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Uma cadela sem raça definida, de dois anos de idade e semi-domiciliada foi submetida a exame ultrassonográfico observando-se alterações sugestivas de parasitismo por Dioctophyme renale. O animal veio à morte antes de ser conduzido para nefrectomia e remoção dos parasitas. Foi encaminhado para necropsia no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da UFPel. Macroscopicamente, ao corte do rim direito observou-se atrofia do parênquima com formações císticas e exsudato serosanguinolento com quatro exemplares fêmeas de D. renale. A cápsula renal media 0,4cm de espessura, e apresentava placas multifocais esbranquiçadas, irregulares e de consistência dura, medindo até 2cm de diâmetro. Na pelve do rim esquerdo, havia um parasita macho de 22cm. A bexiga possuía conteúdo escurecido e pastoso. Ainda, livre na cavidade abdominal, próximo ao rim direito havia outro parasita macho de 30cm. No fígado havia região cicatricial no lobo em contato com o parasita. No tórax identificou-se livre na cavidade e formando impressão sob a gordura pericárdica, um parasita macho de D. renale, medindo 20cm. Histologicamente, além de lesões características da enfermidade, observou-se metaplasia óssea na capsula renal direita.(AU)

This paper describes a bilateral and disseminated renal dioctophymiasis in a canine in the municipality of Pelotas, southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, in Brazil. The two-year-old female dog with no defined race was semi-domiciled and was submitted to ultrasound examination presenting alterations suggestive of parasitism by Dioctophyme renale. The patient died before being led for nephrectomy and removal of the parasites. It was referred for necropsy at the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory of the UFPel Veterinary School. Macroscopically, at the cut of the right kidney, atrophy of the parenchyma with cystic formations and serosanguinous exudate with four female specimens of D. renale were observed. The renal capsule was 0.4cm thick and had irregular, hard, multifocal regions measuring up to 2cm in diameter. In the pelvis of the left kidney, there was a 22cm long male parasite. The bladder had darkened and pasty contents. Also, free in the abdominal cavity, near to the right kidney there was another male parasite of 30cm. In the liver there was a cicatricial region in the lobe in contact with the parasite. In the thorax, a male parasite of D. renale measuring 20cm, was identified free in the cavity and forming an impression under the pericardial fat. Histologically, in addition to the characteristic lesions of the disease, bone metaplasia was observed in the right renal capsule.(AU)

Schistosomus reflexus in a dog and a cat

Background: Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a congenital anomaly, that the animal presents exposed abdominal and thoracic organs. The alterations includes limbs malformation, abnormal spinal column, liver and diaphragm hypoplasia, genitourinary and gastrointestinal changes, on this way, the fetus can not survive. The aim of this study was to report the first SR case in dog and cat in Brazil, and describe anatomical, pathological and radiographic changes. Case: The puppy had ventral midline defect in the abdominal and thoracic wall extending from the sternum to the pubis with viscera exposition, including the heart, lung, liver, stomach, intestine, spleen, kidneys, moreover right army was abnormal, however no spinal column was present. It was performed radiography to evaluate bone abnormalities, and was diagnosed agenesis of carpal, metacarpal and phalange bones. The kitten had ventral midline defect measuring 4 x 2 cm, in the abdominal wall and exposition of liver, stomach, intestine and spleen, as well as tibiotarsal joint arthrogryposis on both lags. It was performed fetus radiography and no spinal column change was diagnosed. Discussion: Schistosomus reflexus is a congenital abnormality common in ruminants. Although it was few reported in dogs and cats. The two cases in this study are the firsts reposts in Brazil in these especies. In our case, the dog had exposition of abdominal and thoracic organs and died one hour after born, similar to this, another author reported a case where the thoracic and abdominal evisceration and the puppy died ten minutes after born. However, in another case with abdominal evisceration only, the puppy survived for eight days. Probably it happened because respiratore function was not compromised. The kitten had abdominal opening only, in turn, other authors reported a case whose abdominal viscera exposition was by pelvic fissure, and another case, what presented thoracic and abdominal evisceration, like our dog case...

Schistosomus reflexus in a dog and a cat

Background: Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a congenital anomaly, that the animal presents exposed abdominal and thoracic organs. The alterations includes limbs malformation, abnormal spinal column, liver and diaphragm hypoplasia, genitourinary and gastrointestinal changes, on this way, the fetus can not survive. The aim of this study was to report the first SR case in dog and cat in Brazil, and describe anatomical, pathological and radiographic changes. Case: The puppy had ventral midline defect in the abdominal and thoracic wall extending from the sternum to the pubis with viscera exposition, including the heart, lung, liver, stomach, intestine, spleen, kidneys, moreover right army was abnormal, however no spinal column was present. It was performed radiography to evaluate bone abnormalities, and was diagnosed agenesis of carpal, metacarpal and phalange bones. The kitten had ventral midline defect measuring 4 x 2 cm, in the abdominal wall and exposition of liver, stomach, intestine and spleen, as well as tibiotarsal joint arthrogryposis on both lags. It was performed fetus radiography and no spinal column change was diagnosed. Discussion: Schistosomus reflexus is a congenital abnormality common in ruminants. Although it was few reported in dogs and cats. The two cases in this study are the firsts reposts in Brazil in these especies. In our case, the dog had exposition of abdominal and thoracic organs and died one hour after born, similar to this, another author reported a case where the thoracic and abdominal evisceration and the puppy died ten minutes after born. However, in another case with abdominal evisceration only, the puppy survived for eight days. Probably it happened because respiratore function was not compromised. The kitten had abdominal opening only, in turn, other authors reported a case whose abdominal viscera exposition was by pelvic fissure, and another case, what presented thoracic and abdominal evisceration, like our dog case...(AU)

Chronic liver disease in cattle associated with ingestion of Brachiaria spp / Doença hepática crônica em bovinos associada com ingestão de Brachiaria spp

One hundred and ninety livers condemned due to chronic disease (fibrosis) were evaluated in a bovine slaughterhouse over 12 months. Hepatic lymph nodes were also examined while still attached to livers. The major macroscopic lesion observed in the livers was moderate to severe atrophy of the left lobe associated with compensatory hypertrophy of the right lobe. Histologically, the main changes corresponded to sites of macroscopic lesions, and fibrosis was observed in all livers, along with bile duct hyperplasia and neovascularization. Masson's trichrome stain highlighted the fibrous connective tissue. Most of the livers analyzed had macrophages with foamy cytoplasm and a peripheral nucleus that infiltrated fibrotic areas. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for macrophages with monoclonal antibody clone MAC 387 revealed that the cytoplasm of the foamy macrophages of the liver and of the hepatic lymph nodes were positively immunostained. These cells are frequently associated to the consumption of grasses of the genus Brachiaria. Although the liver gross lesions described in this study have not been previously reported in animals consuming Brachiaria , the associated changes observed histologically, such as fibrosis and infiltration of foamy macrophages, showed a new form of chronic liver disease probably associated with the consumption of this forage. The IHC technique was important to prove that the foam cells observed are macrophages.(AU)

Cento e noventa e dois fígados condenados devido à doença crônica (fibrose) foram avaliados em um abatedouro de bovinos durante 12 meses. Os linfonodos hepáticos, quando ainda estavam ligados aos fígados, também foram examinados. A principal lesão macroscópica observada no fígado foi moderada a acentuada atrofia do lobo esquerdo associada à hipertrofia compensatória do lobo direito. Histologicamente, as principais alterações correspondiam aos locais das lesões macroscópicas, e fibrose foi observada em todos os fígados, juntamente com a hiperplasia de ductos biliares e neovascularização. A coloração de Tricrômico de Masson destacou o tecido conjuntivo fibroso. A maioria dos fígados analisados apresentavam macrófagos com citoplasma espumoso e um núcleo periférico que infiltravam as áreas de fibrose. A imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) para macrófagos realizada com o anticorpo monoclonl clone MAC 387 revelou imunomarcação positiva no citoplasma dos macrófagos espumosos do fígado e dos linfonodos hepáticos. Essas células estão frequentemente associadas ao consumo de gramíneas do gênero Brachiaria . Apesar das lesões hepáticas macroscópicas descritas neste trabalho não terem sido previamente relatadas em animais que consomem Brachiaria , as alterações histológicas associadas, como fibrose e infiltração de macrófagos espumosos, mostram uma nova forma crônica de doença hepática provavelmente associada à ingestão desta forragem. A técnica de IHQ foi importante para provar que as células espumosas observadas são macrófagos.(AU)

Avaliação lectino-histoquímica de fígado e linfonodo mesentérico de búfalos mantidos em pastagens de Brachiaria spp. / Lectin histochemistry evaluation of liver and mesenteric lymph node of buffaloes kept on Brachiaria spp. pastures

Animals grazing Brachiaria spp. commonly present foamy macrophages isolated or grouped in the liver, and crystals within biliary ducts. The pathogenesis of formation and the nature of the material stored in these cells however are not completely known. Through lectin histochemistry evaluation, steroidal saponins (secondary glycosylated metabolites) have been identified in the crystals and within the cytoplasm of the foam cells, which are probably liable for damaging the liver, leading to accumulation of phylloerythrin. This study aims to standardize and characterize the use of lectin histochemistry to detect glycosylated metabolites in tissues of buffaloes kept on different Brachiaria spp. pastures in Brazil. Fragments of liver and mesenteric lymph node from 40 buffaloes were analyzed: 10 buffaloes that were kept in predominant pasture of B. decumbens for 12 months; 10 buffaloes that were kept in pasture with a predominance of B. brizantha for 18 months; 10 buffaloes that were kept on pasture of B. brizantha for about four years; and as a negative control, 10 buffaloes that were maintained on native pasture without Brachiaria spp. since birth. Fourteen lectins were tested (Con-A, SBA, WGA, DBA, UEA, RCA, PNA, GSL-I, PSA, LCA, PHA-E, PHA-L, SJA and SWGA), in a total of 1120 evaluated samples. Previous studies demonstrated that PNA showed great binding reactivity for foamy macrophages in cattle and sheep. In the present study, SWGA showed high specificity and marked binding reactivity for foamy macrophages; WGA, GSL, PHA-E and PHA-L showed moderate to marked reactivity, but low specificity for foamy macrophages. The other lectins had not relevant reactivity or specificity. Moreover there was no relevant reactivity difference between the collected samplesd from buffaloes that grazed B. decumbens for 12 months and Brachiaria brizantha for 18 months. [...](AU)

Animais que se alimentam em pastos de Brachiaria spp. comumente apresentam macrófagos espumosos isolados ou agrupados no fígado, além de cristais no interior de ductos biliares. A patogênese da formação e a natureza do material armazenado nestas células, contudo, ainda não são completamente conhecidas. Através da avaliação lectino-histoquímica, saponinas esteroidais (metabólitos glicosilados secundários) têm sido identificadas nos cristais e no citoplasma das células espumosas, e provavelmente são responsáveis por danificar o fígado e levar ao acúmulo de filoeritrina. Por meio deste trabalho, objetivou-se padronizar e caracterizar a utilização da lectino-histoquímica na detecção de metabólitos glicosilados nos tecidos de búfalos mantidos em diferentes pastos de Brachiaria spp. no Brasil. Fragmentos de fígado e linfonodo mesentérico de 40 animais foram analisados: 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem predominante de B. decumbens por aproximadamente 12 meses; 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem predominante de B. brizantha por aproximadamente 18 meses; 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem de B. brizantha por aproximadamente quatro anos; e, como controle negativo, 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem livre de Brachiaria spp. desde o nascimento. Quatorze lectinas foram testadas (Con-A, SBA, WGA, DBA, UEA, RCA, PNA, GSL-I, PSA, LCA, PHA-E, PHA-L, SJA e SWGA), em um total de 1120 fragmentos avaliados. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que a lectina PNA possui marcada reatividade para macrófagos espumosos de bovinos e ovinos. No presente estudo, a lectina SWGA apresentou acentuada reatividade e alta especificidade para macrófagos espumosos; WGA, GSL, PHA-E e PHA-L mostraram moderada a acentuada reatividade, mas baixa especificidade aos macrófagos espumosos; as outras lectinas não apresentaram reatividade ou especificidade relevantes. [...](AU)

Avaliação lectino-histoquímica de fígado e linfonodo mesentérico de búfalos mantidos em pastagens de Brachiaria spp / Lectin histochemistry evaluation of liver and mesenteric lymph node of buffaloes kept on Brachiaria spp. pastures

Animais que se alimentam em pastos de Brachiaria spp. comumente apresentam macrófagos espumosos isolados ou agrupados no fígado, além de cristais no interior de ductos biliares. A patogênese da formação e a natureza do material armazenado nestas células, contudo, ainda não são completamente conhecidas. Através da avaliação lectino-histoquímica, saponinas esteroidais (metabólitos glicosilados secundários) têm sido identificadas nos cristais e no citoplasma das células espumosas, e provavelmente são responsáveis por danificar o fígado e levar ao acúmulo de filoeritrina. Por meio deste trabalho, objetivou-se padronizar e caracterizar a utilização da lectino-histoquímica na detecção de metabólitos glicosilados nos tecidos de búfalos mantidos em diferentes pastos de Brachiaria spp. no Brasil. Fragmentos de fígado e linfonodo mesentérico de 40 animais foram analisados: 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem predominante de B. decumbens por aproximadamente 12 meses; 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem predominante de B. brizantha por aproximadamente 18 meses; 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem de B. brizantha por aproximadamente quatro anos; e, como controle negativo, 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem livre de Brachiaria spp. desde o nascimento. Quatorze lectinas foram testadas (Con-A, SBA, WGA, DBA, UEA, RCA, PNA, GSL-I, PSA, LCA, PHA-E, PHA-L, SJA e SWGA), em um total de 1120 fragmentos avaliados. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que a lectina PNA possui marcada reatividade para macrófagos espumosos de bovinos e ovinos. No presente estudo, a lectina SWGA apresentou acentuada reatividade e alta especificidade para macrófagos espumosos; WGA, GSL, PHA-E e PHA-L mostraram moderada a acentuada reatividade, mas baixa especificidade aos macrófagos espumosos; as outras lectinas não apresentaram reatividade ou especificidade relevantes. Além disso, não houve diferença relevante de marcação entre os fragmentos coletados de animais que se alimentaram de B. decumbens por 12 meses e B. brizantha por 18 meses. Porém, a diminuição da presença e marcação lectino-histoquímica dos macrófagos espumosos nos tecidos dos búfalos que ingeriram Brachiaria brizantha durante mais tempo indica que os animais podem passar por um processo de adaptação de acordo com o tempo de ingestão da planta. A avaliação lectino-histoquímica pode ser utilizada para caracterizar o material armazenado em macrófagos espumosos presentes no fígado e linfonodo mesentérico de búfalos que se alimentam em pastagens de Brachiaria spp. e ajuda na compreensão da patogênese de formação destas células.(AU)

Animals grazing Brachiaria spp. commonly present foamy macrophages isolated or grouped in the liver, and crystals within biliary ducts. The pathogenesis of formation and the nature of the material stored in these cells however are not completely known. Through lectin histochemistry evaluation, steroidal saponins (secondary glycosylated metabolites) have been identified in the crystals and within the cytoplasm of the foam cells, which are probably liable for damaging the liver, leading to accumulation of phylloerythrin. This study aims to standardize and characterize the use of lectin histochemistry to detect glycosylated metabolites in tissues of buffaloes kept on different Brachiaria spp. pastures in Brazil. Fragments of liver and mesenteric lymph node from 40 buffaloes were analyzed: 10 buffaloes that were kept in predominant pasture of B. decumbens for 12 months; 10 buffaloes that were kept in pasture with a predominance of B. brizantha for 18 months; 10 buffaloes that were kept on pasture of B. brizantha for about four years; and as a negative control, 10 buffaloes that were maintained on native pasture without Brachiaria spp. since birth. Fourteen lectins were tested (Con-A, SBA, WGA, DBA, UEA, RCA, PNA, GSL-I, PSA, LCA, PHA-E, PHA-L, SJA and SWGA), in a total of 1120 evaluated samples. Previous studies demonstrated that PNA showed great binding reactivity for foamy macrophages in cattle and sheep. In the present study, SWGA showed high specificity and marked binding reactivity for foamy macrophages; WGA, GSL, PHA-E and PHA-L showed moderate to marked reactivity, but low specificity for foamy macrophages. The other lectins had not relevant reactivity or specificity. Moreover there was no relevant reactivity difference between the collected samplesd from buffaloes that grazed B. decumbens for 12 months and Brachiaria brizantha for 18 months. However the decreased presence of foamy macrophages and its lectin histochemical binding in animals that fed on B. brizantha for a longer time, indicates that the buffaloes can pass through an adaptation process according to the plant intake time. Lectin histochemistry analysis can be used to characterize the material stored in foamy macrophages present in liver and mesenteric lymph node of buffaloes that graze on Brachiaria spp. pastures and helps to clarify the pathogenesis of these cells.(AU)