Spatial distribution of Echinolitorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1882) for intertidal rocky shore in Antofagasta (23° S, Chile) / Distribuição espacial de Echinolitorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1882) para costa rochosa entremarés em Antofagasta (23 ° S, Chile)

The intertidal rocky shores in continental Chile have high species diversity mainly in northern Chile (18-27° S), and one of the most widespread species is the gastropod Echinolittorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1822). The aim of the present study is do a first characterization of spatial distribution of E. peruviana in along rocky shore in Antofagasta town in northern Chile. Individuals were counted in nine different sites that also were determined their spectral properties using remote sensing techniques (LANDSAT ETM+). The results revealed that sites without marked human intervention have more abundant in comparison to sites located in the town, also in all studied sites was found an aggregated pattern, and in six of these sites were found a negative binomial distribution. The low density related to sites with human intervention is supported when spectral properties for sites were included. These results would agree with other similar results for rocky shore in northern and southern Chile.

As costas rochosas entremarés no Chile continental apresentam alta diversidade de espécies, principalmente no norte do país (18-27 ° S), e uma das espécies mais difundidas é o gastrópode Echinolittorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1822). O objetivo do presente estudo é fazer uma primeira caracterização da distribuição espacial de E. peruviana no costão rochoso da cidade de Antofagasta no norte do Chile. Os indivíduos foram contados em nove locais diferentes onde também foram determinadas suas propriedades espectrais usando técnicas de sensoriamento remoto (LANDSAT ETM +). Os resultados revelaram que os locais sem intervenção humana marcada apresentam maior abundância em comparação aos locais localizados no município. Também em todos os locais estudados foi encontrado um padrão agregado, sendo que em seis desses locais foi encontrada uma distribuição binomial negativa. A baixa densidade relacionada a sites com intervenção humana é suportada quando as propriedades espectrais para sites foram incluídas. Esses resultados concordariam com outros resultados semelhantes para costões rochosos no norte e no sul do Chile.

Spatial distribution of Echinolitorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1882) for intertidal rocky shore in Antofagasta (23° S, Chile) / Distribuição espacial de Echinolitorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1882) para costa rochosa entremarés em Antofagasta (23 ° S, Chile)

The intertidal rocky shores in continental Chile have high species diversity mainly in northern Chile (18-27° S), and one of the most widespread species is the gastropod Echinolittorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1822). The aim of the present study is do a first characterization of spatial distribution of E. peruviana in along rocky shore in Antofagasta town in northern Chile. Individuals were counted in nine different sites that also were determined their spectral properties using remote sensing techniques (LANDSAT ETM+). The results revealed that sites without marked human intervention have more abundant in comparison to sites located in the town, also in all studied sites was found an aggregated pattern, and in six of these sites were found a negative binomial distribution. The low density related to sites with human intervention is supported when spectral properties for sites were included. These results would agree with other similar results for rocky shore in northern and southern Chile.(AU)

As costas rochosas entremarés no Chile continental apresentam alta diversidade de espécies, principalmente no norte do país (18-27 ° S), e uma das espécies mais difundidas é o gastrópode Echinolittorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1822). O objetivo do presente estudo é fazer uma primeira caracterização da distribuição espacial de E. peruviana no costão rochoso da cidade de Antofagasta no norte do Chile. Os indivíduos foram contados em nove locais diferentes onde também foram determinadas suas propriedades espectrais usando técnicas de sensoriamento remoto (LANDSAT ETM +). Os resultados revelaram que os locais sem intervenção humana marcada apresentam maior abundância em comparação aos locais localizados no município. Também em todos os locais estudados foi encontrado um padrão agregado, sendo que em seis desses locais foi encontrada uma distribuição binomial negativa. A baixa densidade relacionada a sites com intervenção humana é suportada quando as propriedades espectrais para sites foram incluídas. Esses resultados concordariam com outros resultados semelhantes para costões rochosos no norte e no sul do Chile.(AU)

Coastal wetlands of the north of Peru: preservation progress

Wetlands provide several ecological, biological, and environmental benefits, including their role in the hydrological cycle, especially in coastal areas. Coastal wetlands are affected by anthropogenic threats, as these are in constant synergy with local populations and agricultural expansion, which is one of the main factors causing their depletion. In addition, the ravages of climate change accentuate their vulnerability, which may lead to their irreparable loss. In this regard, the objective of this workwas to identify the coastal wetlands of northern Peru and in order to verify the progress made in their conservation. For this purpose, a search was performed in wetlands atlas and similar studies, and a check was made to see if those wetlands had recordsof flora and fauna studies. Finally, information was sought on protection measures in the area. Consequently, 22 coastal wetlands were registered, and among them, three are internationally recognized as Ramsar sites: Mangroves of Tumbes, Mangrove of San Pedro de Vice, and the Virrilá Estuary, where commendable conservation efforts are underway. However, it was found that more than 77% of the coastal wetlands in northern Peru do not have preservation actions or scientific evidence describing their biodiversity.(AU)

Quantitative indicators of the reproductive biology of adult specimens of Centropomus undecimalis (Teleost: Centropomidae) obtained from commercial fishermen in the Parnaíba Delta Environmental Protection Area, north coast of Brazil / Indicadores quantitativos da biologia reprodutiva de espécimes adultos de Centropomus undecimalis (Teleósteo: Centropomidae) obtidos de pescadores comerciais na Área de Proteção Ambiental do Delta do Parnaíba, costa norte do Brasil

Centropomus undecimalis (popularly known as common snook) is a very important resource for commercial and recreational fishing. This study aimed to evaluate quantitative indicators of the reproductive biology of C. undecimalis in the Parnaíba Delta Environmental Protection Area (Brazil). The parameters were analyzed at the different stages of the reproductive cycle of 155 specimens, 135 (87.10%) males and 20 (12.90%) females. The results showed positive allometric growth for females and negative allometric growth for males. The sex ratio was 1:6.75 (females: males). The first estimated maturation (L50) was 57.21 cm for females and 54.55 cm for males. The species spawns multiple times, with oocytes maturing in batches, being released at intervals. According to the results of this study, it was possible to notice that reproductive peaks occurred in February, May, and November. Therefore, it is recommended that the capture of this species be avoided during these months.

Centropomus undecimalis (conhecido popularmente como robalo) é um recurso pesqueiro muito importante para a pesca comercial e recreativa. No presente estudo, objetivou-se avaliar indicadores quantitativos da biologia reprodutiva de C. undecimalis na Área de Proteção Ambiental do Delta do Parnaíba (Brasil). Os parâmetros foram analisados nos diferentes estágios do ciclo reprodutivo de 155 exemplares, sendo 135 (87,10%) machos e 20 (12,90%) fêmeas. Os resultados mostraram crescimento alométrico positivo para fêmeas e negativo para machos. A proporção sexual foi de 1:6,75 (fêmeas: machos). A primeira maturação (L50) estimada foi de 57,21 para fêmeas e 54,55 cm para machos. A desova da espécie é do tipo múltipla (ou parcelada), com ovócitos maturando em lotes, eliminados a intervalos. De acordo com os resultados deste estudo, foi possível perceber que os picos reprodutivos ocorreram em fevereiro, maio e novembro. Portanto, recomenda-se que a captura desta espécie seja evitada durante os referidos meses.

Diet of three juvenile fish species of the coastal zone of a Southwest Atlantic beach, Brazil

Surf zones are associated with a shelter area, nursery and feeding for several species of fish. In this study, the dietary habits of three species of fish with demersal habits (Gulf kingcroakerMenticirrhu gracilis, Whitesea catfishGenidens barbusand Barbu Polydacytlus virginicus), were verified in the surf zone area of an active urban beach of Baixada Santista, concerning structure in size, day and night abundances and overlapping diets. Atotal of 617 fish were analyzed, of which 362 were 194 were G. barbusand 61 were P. virginicus. Stomach contents, represented in Relative Importance Index diagrams, showed that the bivalve Donax gemmulais the most important food item for M. gracilis, scales of Teleostei for G. barbusand Euphausiacea for P. virginicus. In order to evaluate the similarity of the diets, the Macarthur & Levins indices and a cluster analysis with the Bray-Curtis distance were applied revealing that the diet is 44% different between G. barbusand M. gracilis, 5% between G. barbusand P. virginicusand of 84% between M. gracilisand P. virginicus. Anthropogenic waste like plastic, nylon, metal pieces, were only occasionaly observed.(AU)

Venom of the giant ant Dinoponera quadriceps attenuates inflammatory pain in mouse cutaneous wound healing model

Arthropod venoms are potential sources of bioactive substances, providing tools for the validation of popular use and new drugs design. Ants belonging to the genus Dinoponera are used in the folk medicine to treat inflammatory conditions. It was previously demonstrated that the venom of the giant ant Dinoponera quadriceps (DqV), containing a mixture of polypeptides, elicit antinociceptive effect in mice models of chemical, mechanical and thermal nociception. The aim of this study was to evaluate DqV antiinflammatory and antihypernociceptive effects in a mice model of traumatic cutaneous wound. Colonies of D. quadriceps were collected in the 'Serra de Maranguape' (State of Ceará, northeastern Brazil), a small mountain range located on the coastal zone, and the venom secreted by the ant glands was extracted with capillary tubes, further lyophilized and maintained at -20 ± 1ºC until use. Wounds were performed in the dorsum of Swiss mice. Animals received intravenous (i.v.) injection of DqV (50 µg kg-1 day-1) during 3 days for evaluation of inflammatory parameters present in the wounds: hypernociception, leukocyte infiltrate, myeloperoxidase activity, nitrite/nitrate content. Data was tested by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-hoc test. DqV reduced (2.7 folds) hypernociception at 48 hours, leukocyte infiltration by 65% at 6 hours and myeloperoxidase activity by 60% at 0.5 hour after wound induction. In conclusion, the venom extracted from D. quadriceps glands attenuates inflammation and hypernociception in mice cutaneous wounds.(AU)

Macrobenthic community of an estuarine tidal flat on the Amazon coast: spatial variations and presence of polychaetes tubes

Abstract The present study characterized the macrobenthic fauna found on a muddy-sandy tidal flat of the Amazon coast in areas with and without the presence of Diopatra cuprea (Bosc, 1802) (Onuphidae: Annelida) tubes. In addition, a brief review of records of D. cuprea on the Brazilian Amazon coast is presented. Samples were collected in February 2014 in two different areas: (1) an area in which D. cuprea tubes were present, and (2) a control area, in which worm tubes were absent. A total of 21 taxa were found, of which 10 were associated exclusively with D. cuprea tubes. Although richness did not vary significantly among areas, there were changes in the abundance and composition of species and trophic guilds. In the area with tubes, there was a higher abundance of filter-feeders and the presence of species adapted to consolidated and muddy substrates. Our results and those of other studies indicate that D. cuprea commonly presents low density in the Amazon coastal, and its tubes are typically scattered widely in the intertidal zone. The present findings add knowledge about the presence of the bioconstructor in coastal areas and reinforce the role of tube-building polychaetes as ecosystem engineers.

Macrobenthic community of an estuarine tidal flat on the Amazon coast: spatial variations and presence of polychaetes tubes

Abstract The present study characterized the macrobenthic fauna found on a muddy-sandy tidal flat of the Amazon coast in areas with and without the presence of Diopatra cuprea (Bosc, 1802) (Onuphidae: Annelida) tubes. In addition, a brief review of records of D. cuprea on the Brazilian Amazon coast is presented. Samples were collected in February 2014 in two different areas: (1) an area in which D. cuprea tubes were present, and (2) a control area, in which worm tubes were absent. A total of 21 taxa were found, of which 10 were associated exclusively with D. cuprea tubes. Although richness did not vary significantly among areas, there were changes in the abundance and composition of species and trophic guilds. In the area with tubes, there was a higher abundance of filter-feeders and the presence of species adapted to consolidated and muddy substrates. Our results and those of other studies indicate that D. cuprea commonly presents low density in the Amazon coastal, and its tubes are typically scattered widely in the intertidal zone. The present findings add knowledge about the presence of the bioconstructor in coastal areas and reinforce the role of tube-building polychaetes as ecosystem engineers.

Macrobenthic community of an estuarine tidal flat on the Amazon coast: spatial variations and presence of polychaetes tubes

The present study characterized the macrobenthic fauna found on a muddy-sandy tidal flat of the Amazon coast in areas with and without the presence of Diopatra cuprea (Bosc, 1802) (Onuphidae: Annelida) tubes. In addition, a brief review of records of D. cuprea on the Brazilian Amazon coast is presented. Samples were collected in February 2014 in two different areas: (1) an area in which D. cuprea tubes were present, and (2) a control area, in which worm tubes were absent. A total of 21 taxa were found, of which 10 were associated exclusively with D. cuprea tubes. Although richness did not vary significantly among areas, there were changes in the abundance and composition of species and trophic guilds. In the area with tubes, there was a higher abundance of filter-feeders and the presence of species adapted to consolidated and muddy substrates. Our results and those of other studies indicate that D. cuprea commonly presents low density in the Amazon coastal, and its tubes are typically scattered widely in the intertidal zone. The present findings add knowledge about the presence of the bioconstructor in coastal areas and reinforce the role of tube-building polychaetes as ecosystem engineers.(AU)

Linking fish and crustacean taxonomic composition with seasonal contrasts in the soft-bottom intertidal zone / Ligação da composição taxonômica de peixes e crustáceos com contrastes sazonais na zona intertidal de fundo macio

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the seasonal fish and crustacean variations concerning taxonomic composition, species richness, and diversity in sandy beach habitat. For this purpose, we investigated the Sonmiani Hor lagoon area during four distinct seasons, i.e., northeast (NE) monsoon, pre-monsoon, south-west (SW) monsoon, and post-monsoon for one year. During each haul, the net was pulled about 100m along the beach in 0.5m depth. The results showed a strong linear correlation between the diversity index and equitability in fishes (r = 0.978). The diversity index was strong negatively correlated with the abundance and biomass (r = -0.978, -0.972, respectively). The physical attributes like sea surface water temperature and salinity showed a strong negative effect on species assemblages (r = -0.981 and -0.943, respectively). The mean air and water temperature illustrated approximately 3°C difference during NE and pre-monsoon seasons. However, salinity, pH, and electrical conductivity did not show any significant seasonal variabilities. Under the ecological indices, the fish species displayed higher diversity (H = 3.19) during SW monsoon, whereas the lowest diversity was observed during pre-monsoon (H = 1.58). The equitability and species richness, however, remained more noticeable during SW monsoon (J = 0.81). The total number of individuals of fish and crustaceans reached 4799 with 3813 fish individuals and 986 individuals of crustaceans. A total of 27 families of fish while five crustacean families comprising of 30 genera and 38 fish species while ten genera and 17 species of crustaceans were recorded. Liza subviridis displayed the highest abundance among the sampled fish species. In conclusion, fish species constituted a significant part of the coastal fauna in the study area. The seasonal variations displayed distinct variations in fish species composition and diversity.(AU)

O objetivo principal deste estudo foi investigar as variações sazonais de peixes e crustáceos em relação à composição taxonômica, riqueza de espécies e diversidade no habitat de praias arenosas. Para esse fim, investigamos a área da lagoa Sonmiani Hor durante quatro estações distintas, ou seja, monção nordeste (NE), pré-monção, monção sudoeste (SW) e pós-monção, por um ano. Durante cada transporte, a rede foi puxada cerca de 100 m ao longo da praia, a 0,5 m de profundidade. Os resultados mostraram uma forte correlação linear entre o índice de diversidade e a equitabilidade de peixes (r = 0,978). O índice de diversidade apresentou forte correlação negativa com a abundância e a biomassa (r = -0,978 e -0,972, respectivamente). Os atributos físicos, como temperatura da água da superfície do mar e salinidade, apresentaram forte efeito negativo sobre o conjunto de espécies (r = -0,981 e -0,943, respectivamente). A temperatura média do ar e da água teve uma diferença de aproximadamente 3 °C durante a monção NE e a pré-monção. No entanto, salinidade, pH e condutividade elétrica não apresentaram variabilidade sazonal significativa. A respeito dos índices ecológicos, as espécies de peixes apresentaram maior diversidade (H = 3,19) durante a monção SW, enquanto a menor diversidade observada foi na pré-monção (H = 1,58). A equitabilidade e a riqueza de espécies, no entanto, permaneceram mais perceptíveis durante a monção SW (J = 0,81). O número total de peixes e crustáceos foi de 4.799, com 3.813 peixes e 986 crustáceos. Foram registradas 27 famílias de peixes e 5 famílias de crustáceos, com 30 gêneros e 38 espécies de peixes, além de 10 gêneros e 17 espécies de crustáceos. Liza subviridis apresentou a maior abundância entre as espécies de peixes amostradas. Em conclusão, as espécies de peixes constituíram uma parte significativa da fauna costeira na área de estudo. As variações sazonais apresentaram variações distintas na composição e diversidade das espécies de peixes.(AU)

Linking fish and crustacean taxonomic composition with seasonal contrasts in the soft-bottom intertidal zone

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to investigate the seasonal fish and crustacean variations concerning taxonomic composition, species richness, and diversity in sandy beach habitat. For this purpose, we investigated the Sonmiani Hor lagoon area during four distinct seasons, i.e., northeast (NE) monsoon, pre-monsoon, south-west (SW) monsoon, and post-monsoon for one year. During each haul, the net was pulled about 100m along the beach in 0.5m depth. The results showed a strong linear correlation between the diversity index and equitability in fishes (r = 0.978). The diversity index was strong negatively correlated with the abundance and biomass (r = -0.978, -0.972, respectively). The physical attributes like sea surface water temperature and salinity showed a strong negative effect on species assemblages (r = -0.981 and -0.943, respectively). The mean air and water temperature illustrated approximately 3°C difference during NE and pre-monsoon seasons. However, salinity, pH, and electrical conductivity did not show any significant seasonal variabilities. Under the ecological indices, the fish species displayed higher diversity (H = 3.19) during SW monsoon, whereas the lowest diversity was observed during pre-monsoon (H = 1.58). The equitability and species richness, however, remained more noticeable during SW monsoon (J = 0.81). The total number of individuals of fish and crustaceans reached 4799 with 3813 fish individuals and 986 individuals of crustaceans. A total of 27 families of fish while five crustacean families comprising of 30 genera and 38 fish species while ten genera and 17 species of crustaceans were recorded. Liza subviridis displayed the highest abundance among the sampled fish species. In conclusion, fish species constituted a significant part of the coastal fauna in the study area. The seasonal variations displayed distinct variations in fish species composition and diversity.

Resumo O objetivo principal deste estudo foi investigar as variações sazonais de peixes e crustáceos em relação à composição taxonômica, riqueza de espécies e diversidade no habitat de praias arenosas. Para esse fim, investigamos a área da lagoa Sonmiani Hor durante quatro estações distintas, ou seja, monção nordeste (NE), pré-monção, monção sudoeste (SW) e pós-monção, por um ano. Durante cada transporte, a rede foi puxada cerca de 100 m ao longo da praia, a 0,5 m de profundidade. Os resultados mostraram uma forte correlação linear entre o índice de diversidade e a equitabilidade de peixes (r = 0,978). O índice de diversidade apresentou forte correlação negativa com a abundância e a biomassa (r = -0,978 e -0,972, respectivamente). Os atributos físicos, como temperatura da água da superfície do mar e salinidade, apresentaram forte efeito negativo sobre o conjunto de espécies (r = -0,981 e -0,943, respectivamente). A temperatura média do ar e da água teve uma diferença de aproximadamente 3 °C durante a monção NE e a pré-monção. No entanto, salinidade, pH e condutividade elétrica não apresentaram variabilidade sazonal significativa. A respeito dos índices ecológicos, as espécies de peixes apresentaram maior diversidade (H = 3,19) durante a monção SW, enquanto a menor diversidade observada foi na pré-monção (H = 1,58). A equitabilidade e a riqueza de espécies, no entanto, permaneceram mais perceptíveis durante a monção SW (J = 0,81). O número total de peixes e crustáceos foi de 4.799, com 3.813 peixes e 986 crustáceos. Foram registradas 27 famílias de peixes e 5 famílias de crustáceos, com 30 gêneros e 38 espécies de peixes, além de 10 gêneros e 17 espécies de crustáceos. Liza subviridis apresentou a maior abundância entre as espécies de peixes amostradas. Em conclusão, as espécies de peixes constituíram uma parte significativa da fauna costeira na área de estudo. As variações sazonais apresentaram variações distintas na composição e diversidade das espécies de peixes.

Ichthyofauna in the inner continental shelf next to the Paranaguá estuarine complex, southern Brazil / Fauna de peixes da plataforma continental interna próxima do complexo estuarino de Paranaguá, sul do Brasil

The composition and structure of fish assemblages in the inner continental shelf of the Paraná State are affected by cold fronts and the rainfall regime. Data from fishing activities in this region, as well as the analysis of environmental characteristics, are the main tools available for understanding fish dynamics, under influence of increasing human activities. In order to better understand patterns and temporal variations in fish assemblages in the inner continental shelf of the Paraná State, a total of 24 double trawls were performed with an otter trawl between August 2000 and July 2001, in two sampling areas, the North area in front of the northern mouth of the Paranaguá Estuary Complex, and the South area, in front of the Leste beach. A total of 45,277 fish specimens belonging to 35 families and 97 species were caught. Sciaenidae was the most abundant family, with 37.1% of the total number of individuals caught, and with the highest richness (18 species). Statistical analyses evidenced significant differences in environmental characteristics and in fish fauna, and that both areas disturbances were observed in the fish assemblages during the dry and wet season, being more intense in the Southern area, disturbances that would be related to the shrimp fishing present in the two areas sampled in this study.

A composição e estrutura das assembleias de peixes na plataforma continental interna do Paraná são afetadas pelas frentes meteorológicas frias e pelo regime de chuvas. Os dados das atividades pesqueiras da região, bem como a análise das características ambientais, são a principal ferramenta disponível para o entendimento da dinâmica dos peixes, sob a influência de atividades antropogênicas crescentes. Para melhor entender os padrões de assembleia de peixes e suas variações temporais na plataforma continental interna do Estado do Paraná, foram realizados 24 arrastos duplos com rede de arrasto de porta entre agosto de 2000 e julho de 2001, em duas áreas de amostragem, a área norte em frente da entrada norte do complexo estuarino de Paranaguá e a área sul em frente a praia de Leste. Um total de 45.277 indivíduos de peixes foram capturados, pertencentes a 35 famílias e 97 espécies. Sciaenidae foi a família mais abundante, com 37,1% do número total de indivíduos capturados e com a maior riqueza (18 espécies). As análises estatísticas evidenciaram diferenças significativas nas características ambientais e na fauna de peixes, e em ambas as áreas foram evidenciadas perturbações nas assembleias de peixes durante a estação seca e chuvosa, sendo mais intenso na região sul, perturbações que estariam relacionados com a pesca do camarão presente nas duas áreas amostradas neste estudo.

Ichthyofauna in the inner continental shelf next to the Paranaguá estuarine complex, southern Brazil / Fauna de peixes da plataforma continental interna próxima do complexo estuarino de Paranaguá, sul do Brasil

The composition and structure of fish assemblages in the inner continental shelf of the Paraná State are affected by cold fronts and the rainfall regime. Data from fishing activities in this region, as well as the analysis of environmental characteristics, are the main tools available for understanding fish dynamics, under influence of increasing human activities. In order to better understand patterns and temporal variations in fish assemblages in the inner continental shelf of the Paraná State, a total of 24 double trawls were performed with an otter trawl between August 2000 and July 2001, in two sampling areas, the North area in front of the northern mouth of the Paranaguá Estuary Complex, and the South area, in front of the Leste beach. A total of 45,277 fish specimens belonging to 35 families and 97 species were caught. Sciaenidae was the most abundant family, with 37.1% of the total number of individuals caught, and with the highest richness (18 species). Statistical analyses evidenced significant differences in environmental characteristics and in fish fauna, and that both areas disturbances were observed in the fish assemblages during the dry and wet season, being more intense in the Southern area, disturbances that would be related to the shrimp fishing present in the two areas sampled in this study.(AU)

A composição e estrutura das assembleias de peixes na plataforma continental interna do Paraná são afetadas pelas frentes meteorológicas frias e pelo regime de chuvas. Os dados das atividades pesqueiras da região, bem como a análise das características ambientais, são a principal ferramenta disponível para o entendimento da dinâmica dos peixes, sob a influência de atividades antropogênicas crescentes. Para melhor entender os padrões de assembleia de peixes e suas variações temporais na plataforma continental interna do Estado do Paraná, foram realizados 24 arrastos duplos com rede de arrasto de porta entre agosto de 2000 e julho de 2001, em duas áreas de amostragem, a área norte em frente da entrada norte do complexo estuarino de Paranaguá e a área sul em frente a praia de Leste. Um total de 45.277 indivíduos de peixes foram capturados, pertencentes a 35 famílias e 97 espécies. Sciaenidae foi a família mais abundante, com 37,1% do número total de indivíduos capturados e com a maior riqueza (18 espécies). As análises estatísticas evidenciaram diferenças significativas nas características ambientais e na fauna de peixes, e em ambas as áreas foram evidenciadas perturbações nas assembleias de peixes durante a estação seca e chuvosa, sendo mais intenso na região sul, perturbações que estariam relacionados com a pesca do camarão presente nas duas áreas amostradas neste estudo.(AU)

Venom of the giant ant Dinoponera quadriceps attenuates inflammatory pain in mouse cutaneous wound healing model

Arthropod venoms are potential sources of bioactive substances, providing tools for the validation of popular use and new drugs design. Ants belonging to the genus Dinoponera are used in the folk medicine to treat inflammatory conditions. It was previously demonstrated that the venom of the giant ant Dinoponera quadriceps (DqV), containing a mixture of polypeptides, elicit antinociceptive effect in mice models of chemical, mechanical and thermal nociception. The aim of this study was to evaluate DqV antiinflammatory and antihypernociceptive effects in a mice model of traumatic cutaneous wound. Colonies of D. quadriceps were collected in the ‘‘Serra de Maranguape’’ (State of Ceará, northeastern Brazil), a small mountain range located on the coastal zone, and the venom secreted by the ant glands was extracted with capillary tubes, further lyophilized and maintained at -20 ± 1ºC until use. Wounds were performed in the dorsum of Swiss mice. Animals received intravenous (i.v.) injection of DqV (50 µg -1kg day-1) during 3 days for evaluation of inflammatory parameters present in the wounds: hypernociception, leukocyte infiltrate, myeloperoxidase activity, nitrite nitrate-1 content. Data was tested by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. DqV reduced (2.7 folds) hypernociception at 48 hours, leukocyte infiltration by 65% at 6 hours and myeloperoxidase activity by 60% at 0.5 hour after wound induction. In conclusion, the venom extracted from D. quadriceps glands attenuates inflammation and hypernociception in mice cutaneous wounds.

Venom of the giant ant Dinoponera quadriceps attenuates inflammatory pain in mouse cutaneous wound healing model

Arthropod venoms are potential sources of bioactive substances, providing tools for the validation of popular use and new drugs design. Ants belonging to the genus Dinoponera are used in the folk medicine to treat inflammatory conditions. It was previously demonstrated that the venom of the giant ant Dinoponera quadriceps (DqV), containing a mixture of polypeptides, elicit antinociceptive effect in mice models of chemical, mechanical and thermal nociception. The aim of this study was to evaluate DqV antiinflammatory and antihypernociceptive effects in a mice model of traumatic cutaneous wound. Colonies of D. quadriceps were collected in the ‘‘Serra de Maranguape (State of Ceará, northeastern Brazil), a small mountain range located on the coastal zone, and the venom secreted by the ant glands was extracted with capillary tubes, further lyophilized and maintained at -20 ± 1ºC until use. Wounds were performed in the dorsum of Swiss mice. Animals received intravenous (i.v.) injection of DqV (50 µg -1kg day-1) during 3 days for evaluation of inflammatory parameters present in the wounds: hypernociception, leukocyte infiltrate, myeloperoxidase activity, nitrite nitrate-1 content. Data was tested by two-way ANOVA and Bonferronis post-hoc test. DqV reduced (2.7 folds) hypernociception at 48 hours, leukocyte infiltration by 65% at 6 hours and myeloperoxidase activity by 60% at 0.5 hour after wound induction. In conclusion, the venom extracted from D. quadriceps glands attenuates inflammation and hypernociception in mice cutaneous wounds.(AU)

Effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) insect light traps for mosquitoes control in coastal areas of Samut Songkhram province, Thailand

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) insect light traps for mosquito control and to study the relationship between this effect and weather factors in coastal areas of Samut Songkhram province, Thailand. The study sites were divided into two areas, approximately 2 and 4km from the sea. The trap was placed less than one meter away from the house, where it could reach electrical plugs. The effectiveness of UV light trap was tested from September to October 2017 between 6: 00 p.m. and 6: 00a.m., for a total of 30days. A total of 2,605 adult mosquitoes within four species belonging to two genera were collected, including Anopheles epiroticus Linton & Harbach, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Cx. sitiens Wiedmann and Cx. gelidus Theobald. The effectiveness of UV insect light traps in area 2 km from the sea trapped 45.96 ± 42.13 mosquitoes per night and area 4 km from the sea trapped 40.83 ± 33.61 mosquitoes per night. While, effectiveness comparison of the UV insect light traps 2 and 4 km from the sea of were shown to be statistically significantly different (p < 0.05). These results of this study are useful for planning and application of UV light traps to control mosquito populations in coastal areas of Samut Songkhram province, Thailand and other coastal areas.(AU)

Effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) insect light traps for mosquitoes control in coastal areas of Samut Songkhram province, Thailand

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) insect light traps for mosquito control and to study the relationship between this effect and weather factors in coastal areas of Samut Songkhram province, Thailand. The study sites were divided into two areas, approximately 2 and 4km from the sea. The trap was placed less than one meter away from the house, where it could reach electrical plugs. The effectiveness of UV light trap was tested from September to October 2017 between 6: 00 p.m. and 6: 00a.m., for a total of 30days. A total of 2,605 adult mosquitoes within four species belonging to two genera were collected, including Anopheles epiroticus Linton & Harbach, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Cx. sitiens Wiedmann and Cx. gelidus Theobald. The effectiveness of UV insect light traps in area 2 km from the sea trapped 45.96 ± 42.13 mosquitoes per night and area 4 km from the sea trapped 40.83 ± 33.61 mosquitoes per night. While, effectiveness comparison of the UV insect light traps 2 and 4 km from the sea of were shown to be statistically significantly different (p < 0.05). These results of this study are useful for planning and application of UV light traps to control mosquito populations in coastal areas of Samut Songkhram province, Thailand and other coastal areas.

Continental fishes from the Tambaba Environmentally Protected Area, Paraíba State, Brazil

Tambaba environmentally protected area is situated on the south coast of Paraíba State, within the Atlantic forest biome of the northeastern region in Brazil. The Tambaba environmentally protected area consists of a series of independent drainages: Graú, Mucatú, and Bucatú river micro-basins, and Caboclo River sub-basin that belongs to Gurugi River micro-basin. Ichthyological samples were collected in five scientific expeditions between months of June and July in 2015. Twenty-nine sites from different habitats (e.g., spanning tributaries, streams, rivers, and estuaries) were accessed for sampling. A total of 44 species distributed within 38 genera, 25 families, and 17 orders were assigned to the Tambaba hydrographic region. Freshwater species comprised 36% (n = 16) and marine-estuarine species 64% (n = 28) of the total collected specimens. Two invasive species occur in the freshwater sites: Cichla monoculus and Poecilia reticulata. Cheirodon jaguaribensis, Cichlasoma orientale, and Crenicichla brasiliensis are endemic to the Brazilian Northeast region with the first species restricted to the Northeast Caatinga and Coastal drainages hydrographic ecoregion.

Continental fishes from the Tambaba Environmentally Protected Area, Paraíba State, Brazil

Tambaba environmentally protected area is situated on the south coast of Paraíba State, within the Atlantic forest biome of the northeastern region in Brazil. The Tambaba environmentally protected area consists of a series of independent drainages: Graú, Mucatú, and Bucatú river micro-basins, and Caboclo River sub-basin that belongs to Gurugi River micro-basin. Ichthyological samples were collected in five scientific expeditions between months of June and July in 2015. Twenty-nine sites from different habitats (e.g., spanning tributaries, streams, rivers, and estuaries) were accessed for sampling. A total of 44 species distributed within 38 genera, 25 families, and 17 orders were assigned to the Tambaba hydrographic region. Freshwater species comprised 36% (n = 16) and marine-estuarine species 64% (n = 28) of the total collected specimens. Two invasive species occur in the freshwater sites: Cichla monoculus and Poecilia reticulata. Cheirodon jaguaribensis, Cichlasoma orientale, and Crenicichla brasiliensis are endemic to the Brazilian Northeast region with the first species restricted to the Northeast Caatinga and Coastal drainages hydrographic ecoregion.(AU)

Intraspecific food resource partitioning in Brazilian silverside Atherinella brasiliensis (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae) in a tropical estuary, Brazil

We investigated the intraspecific partitioning of food resources of the Brazilian silverside Atherinella brasiliensis in a tropical estuary. A total of 1,099 stomachs were analyzed, and the diet consisted mainly of Gastropoda, Ceratopogonidae larvae, Decapoda larvae, Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Hymenoptera and Brachyura. Ordination of the mean volumetric percentage contribution of preys indicated differences in the dietary compositions between sites and size classes. By SIMPER analysis, we detected high dissimilarity between size classes, suggesting ontogenetic niche shifts: the diet of the early juveniles was based in zooplankton, whereas adults consumed mainly benthic macroinvertebrates. These shifts were related to changes in feeding structures and foraging abilities that show a strong relationship with body size, and showed functional trade-offs in swimming capacity, and feeding strategies used to capture prey. Differences in the diet between size classes and habitat selection by Brazilian silverside are likely strategies to avoid intraspecific competition, clearly related to the abundance and accessibility of resources along the estuarine habitats.(AU)

Nós investigamos a partição intraespecífica de recursos alimentares do peixe-rei Atherinella brasiliensis em um estuário tropical. Um total de 1.099 estômagos foi analisado, e a dieta foi constituída principalmente de Gastropoda, Larva de Ceratopogonidae, Larva de Decapoda, Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Hymenoptera e Brachyura. A análise de ordenação da contribuição do volume das presas indicou diferenças na composição da dieta entre locais e classes de tamanho. Pela análise do SIMPER, nós detectamos alta dissimilaridade entre as classes de tamanho, sugerindo mudanças ontogenéticas: a dieta dos indivíduos menores foi baseada em zooplâncton, enquanto os maiores indivíduos consumiram principalmente macroinvertebrados bentônicos. Essas variações foram relacionadas com mudanças nas estruturas para captura do alimento e na habilidade de forrageamento que evidenciaram uma forte relação com o tamanho do corpo, e mostraram trade-offs funcionais na capacidade de natação e no modo de captura das presas. Diferenças na dieta entre as classes e a seleção de habitat pelo peixe-rei são estratégias para evitar a competição intraespecífica, claramente relacionada com a abundância e a acessibilidade dos recursos alimentares ao longo dos habitats estuarinos.(AU)