Deoxynivalenol concentrations in feed ingredients and swine diets measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography

The objective was to compare deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations in feed ingredients and commercial swine diets measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Seventy feed ingredient samples consisted of corn, corn dried distillers grains with solubles, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, palm kernel expellers, rice bran, soy hulls, soybean meal, and wheat. Commercial swine diet samples (n = 92) were collected from 23 swine farms of varying regions in Korea and different growth stages of pigs. The DON concentration of all samples was determined in duplicate. Statistical comparisons were performed to compare the analytical methods (ELISA vs. HPLC), diet phases, and regions. The DON concentrations in most ingredients and all diets determined by ELISA method were greater than those determined by HPLC. The DON concentrations determined by the ELISA method were less than 1 mg/kg in all ingredients except corn dried distillers grains with solubles and corn gluten feed, and those determined by the HPLC were less than 0.5 mg/kg in all ingredients. The DON concentrations in complete diets did not vary by region or growth stages of pigs. The DON concentrations in most feed ingredients and commercial swine diets determined by ELISA method are greater than those determined by HPLC, but does not vary by regions in Republic of Korea or pig growth stages.

Rastreability of bovine meat and bone meal using the stable isotope technique in egg production

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to verify whether the inclusion of other ingredients in the diet of laying hens could interfere with the traceability of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) in eggs through stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. Two hundred and fifty-six white laying hens were used and randomly distributed into eight treatments composed of: CONTROL: control diet; GLUTEN: control diet + corn gluten; YEAST: control diet + yeast; GLUTEN + YEAST: control diet + corn gluten + yeast; BMBM: control diet + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + GLUTEN: control diet + corn gluten + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + YEAST: control diet + yeast + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + GLUTEN + YEAST: control diet + corn gluten + yeast + 4.5 % BMBM. The isotopic results were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and LDA multivariate linear discriminant analysis. At 28 days, the eggs of the birds given diets without the addition of BMBM differed from the CONTROL group. The yolks showed that all treatments were significantly different from the CONTROL, and at 56 days, all eggs and egg yolks were different from the CONTROL. At 28 days, albumen was significantly different for all CONTROL experimental treatments; however, at 56 days, the YEAST treatment showed no difference from the control. Thus, it was concluded that even with the addition of other ingredients, the isotope technique is still able to detect the BMBM in eggs.

Rastreability of bovine meat and bone meal using the stable isotope technique in egg production

The present study aimed to verify whether the inclusion of other ingredients in the diet of laying hens could interfere with the traceability of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) in eggs through stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. Two hundred and fifty-six white laying hens were used and randomly distributed into eight treatments composed of: CONTROL: control diet; GLUTEN: control diet + corn gluten; YEAST: control diet + yeast; GLUTEN + YEAST: control diet + corn gluten + yeast; BMBM: control diet + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + GLUTEN: control diet + corn gluten + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + YEAST: control diet + yeast + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + GLUTEN + YEAST: control diet + corn gluten + yeast + 4.5 % BMBM. The isotopic results were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and LDA multivariate linear discriminant analysis. At 28 days, the eggs of the birds given diets without the addition of BMBM differed from the CONTROL group. The yolks showed that all treatments were significantly different from the CONTROL, and at 56 days, all eggs and egg yolks were different from the CONTROL. At 28 days, albumen was significantly different for all CONTROL experimental treatments; however, at 56 days, the YEAST treatment showed no difference from the control. Thus, it was concluded that even with the addition of other ingredients, the isotope technique is still able to detect the BMBM in eggs.

Rastreability of bovine meat and bone meal using the stable isotope technique in egg production

The present study aimed to verify whether the inclusion of other ingredients in the diet of laying hens could interfere with the traceability of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) in eggs through stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. Two hundred and fifty-six white laying hens were used and randomly distributed into eight treatments composed of: CONTROL: control diet; GLUTEN: control diet + corn gluten; YEAST: control diet + yeast; GLUTEN + YEAST: control diet + corn gluten + yeast; BMBM: control diet + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + GLUTEN: control diet + corn gluten + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + YEAST: control diet + yeast + 4.5 % BMBM; BMBM + GLUTEN + YEAST: control diet + corn gluten + yeast + 4.5 % BMBM. The isotopic results were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and LDA multivariate linear discriminant analysis. At 28 days, the eggs of the birds given diets without the addition of BMBM differed from the CONTROL group. The yolks showed that all treatments were significantly different from the CONTROL, and at 56 days, all eggs and egg yolks were different from the CONTROL. At 28 days, albumen was significantly different for all CONTROL experimental treatments; however, at 56 days, the YEAST treatment showed no difference from the control. Thus, it was concluded that even with the addition of other ingredients, the isotope technique is still able to detect the BMBM in eggs.(AU)

Apparent digestibility of protein and essential aminoacids from commonly used feed ingredients in Brazil for juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

- This study determined the apparent digestibility for crude protein (ACPD) and essential aminoacids (AEAAD) of ingredients for Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing soy protein concentrate (SPC), corn gluten meal (CGM), poultry byproduct meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM), spray-dried blood meal (DBM), tilapia byproduct meal (TBM), Brazilian marine fish meal (BFM), salmon byproduct meal (SLM), and krill meal (KRM). Digestibility was estimated using chromic oxide as a marker in a reference (REF) mixture. Shrimp of 6-8 g body weight were reared over three separate experimental stages lasting 29-30 days each. Shrimp survival exceeded 96% and was unaffected by test ingredient. The ACPD ranged from 66.7% for a diet containing DBM to 84.2% for the REF diet. Higher ACPD were observed for aquatic compared with plant and terrestrial animal byproducts. Aside from SPC (79.3%), ACPD for CGM was low at 47.5%. Among terrestrial animal byproducts, ACPD was higher for MBM compared with PBM, DBM, and HFM (71.2, 62.8, 48.6, and 45.9%, respectively). With the exception of BFM (59.7%), ACPD for all other aquatic proteins was high (KRM, 84.3%; TBM, 83.3%; SLM, 78.9%). Aquatic proteins have higher crude protein (CP) and essential aminoacid (EAA) digestibility for shrimp. Ingredients SLM, SPC, TBM, and KRM are preferable in feeds for the whiteleg shrimp since they carry a high CP and EAA content (>600 g kg−1) combined with ADC near or in excess of 80%.(AU)

Energy and protein ingredients for use in piapara (Megaleporinus obtusidens) diets: nutritive value and intestinal morphometry / Ingredientes energéticos e proteicos para uso em dietas da piapara (Megaleporinus obtusidens): valor nutricional e morfometria intestinal

The apparent digestibility coefficients for crude protein (ADCCP), dry matter (ADCDM), and gross energy (ADCGE) of ingredients were determined for piapara (Megaleporinus obtusidens). Test diets were formulated to contain 69.5% of reference diet, 0.5% of chromium oxide, and 30% of test ingredients. The protein ingredients evaluated were tilapia processing residue meal (TPRM), feather and poultry blood meal (FPBM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), cottonseed meal (CM), corn gluten meal (CGM), and soybean meal (SM); the energy ingredients tested were corn (C), corn germ meal (CGRM), rice meal (RM), wheat bran (WB), and sorghum (S). Groups of 30 piaparas were fed twice daily during five days with test diets. Intestinal morphometry of fish were also evaluated. Digestibility coefficients of protein and energy ingredients were highest for soybean meal (ADCDM = 85.8%; ADCCP = 95.2%; and ADCGE = 87.2%) and corn (ADCDM = 94.5%; ADCCP = 76.2%; and ADCGE = 89.3%), respectively. Of the energy test ingredients analyzed, corn had the highest digestibility coefficients and induced beneficial changes on intestinal morphology compared to sorghum and corn germ meal. All protein ingredients showed potential for use in piapara diets, except meat and bone meal and feather and blood meal.

Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta (ADCCP), matéria seca (ADCDM) e energia bruta (ADCGE) de ingredientes foram determinados para a piapara (Megaleporinus obtusidens). Dietas testes foram formuladas contendo 69,5% da dieta referência, 0,5% de óxido de cromo e 30% do ingrediente teste. Os alimentos proteicos avaliados foram: farinha do resíduo de processamento da tilapia (TPRM), farinha de penas e sangue de aves (FPBM), farinha de vísceras de aves (PBM), farinha de carne e ossos (MBM), farelo de algodão (CM), glúten de milho (CGM) e farelo de soja (SM); os alimentos energéticos testados foram: milho (C), gérmen de milho (CGRM), farelo de arroz (RM), farelo de trigo (WB) e sorgo (S). Grupos de 30 piaparas foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia durante cinco dias com as dietas testes. Também foi avaliada a morfometria intestinal dos peixes. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos ingredientes proteicos e energéticos foram mais altos para o farelo de soja (ADCDM = 85,8%; ADCCP = 95,2%; e ADCGE = 87,2%) e milho (ADCDM = 94,5%; ADCCP = 76,2%; e ADCGE = 89,3%), respectivamente. Dentre os ingredientes energéticos, o milho apresentou os maiores coeficientes e induziu alterações morfométricas intestinais benéficas, quando comparado ao sorgo e gérmen de milho. Todos os ingredientes proteicos apresentaram potencial uso em dietas para a piapara com exceção da farinha de carne e ossos e farinha de penas e sangue de aves.

Energy and protein ingredients for use in piapara (Megaleporinus obtusidens) diets: nutritive value and intestinal morphometry / Ingredientes energéticos e proteicos para uso em dietas da piapara (Megaleporinus obtusidens): valor nutricional e morfometria intestinal

The apparent digestibility coefficients for crude protein (ADCCP), dry matter (ADCDM), and gross energy (ADCGE) of ingredients were determined for piapara (Megaleporinus obtusidens). Test diets were formulated to contain 69.5% of reference diet, 0.5% of chromium oxide, and 30% of test ingredients. The protein ingredients evaluated were tilapia processing residue meal (TPRM), feather and poultry blood meal (FPBM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), cottonseed meal (CM), corn gluten meal (CGM), and soybean meal (SM); the energy ingredients tested were corn (C), corn germ meal (CGRM), rice meal (RM), wheat bran (WB), and sorghum (S). Groups of 30 piaparas were fed twice daily during five days with test diets. Intestinal morphometry of fish were also evaluated. Digestibility coefficients of protein and energy ingredients were highest for soybean meal (ADCDM = 85.8%; ADCCP = 95.2%; and ADCGE = 87.2%) and corn (ADCDM = 94.5%; ADCCP = 76.2%; and ADCGE = 89.3%), respectively. Of the energy test ingredients analyzed, corn had the highest digestibility coefficients and induced beneficial changes on intestinal morphology compared to sorghum and corn germ meal. All protein ingredients showed potential for use in piapara diets, except meat and bone meal and feather and blood meal.(AU)

Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta (ADCCP), matéria seca (ADCDM) e energia bruta (ADCGE) de ingredientes foram determinados para a piapara (Megaleporinus obtusidens). Dietas testes foram formuladas contendo 69,5% da dieta referência, 0,5% de óxido de cromo e 30% do ingrediente teste. Os alimentos proteicos avaliados foram: farinha do resíduo de processamento da tilapia (TPRM), farinha de penas e sangue de aves (FPBM), farinha de vísceras de aves (PBM), farinha de carne e ossos (MBM), farelo de algodão (CM), glúten de milho (CGM) e farelo de soja (SM); os alimentos energéticos testados foram: milho (C), gérmen de milho (CGRM), farelo de arroz (RM), farelo de trigo (WB) e sorgo (S). Grupos de 30 piaparas foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia durante cinco dias com as dietas testes. Também foi avaliada a morfometria intestinal dos peixes. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos ingredientes proteicos e energéticos foram mais altos para o farelo de soja (ADCDM = 85,8%; ADCCP = 95,2%; e ADCGE = 87,2%) e milho (ADCDM = 94,5%; ADCCP = 76,2%; e ADCGE = 89,3%), respectivamente. Dentre os ingredientes energéticos, o milho apresentou os maiores coeficientes e induziu alterações morfométricas intestinais benéficas, quando comparado ao sorgo e gérmen de milho. Todos os ingredientes proteicos apresentaram potencial uso em dietas para a piapara com exceção da farinha de carne e ossos e farinha de penas e sangue de aves.(AU)

Biscoitos sem glúten versus com glúten: composição nutricional, ingredientes e custo / Cookies gluten-free versus gluten-containing cookies: nutritional composition, ingredients and cost

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar ingredientes, informação nutricional e valor financeiro de biscoitos isentos e com glúten. A amostra foi composta por 25 unidades de biscoitos sem glúten e 25 unidades com este componente, disponíveis em lojas de produtos naturais e em hipermercados do município de Barbacena/MG. As informações nutricionais foram obtidas por meio dos rótulos. Não houve diferença estatística entre os valores calóricos de biscoitos com e sem glúten ou acerca dos valores de carboidratos, gorduras totais e saturadas, fibras ou sódio. A quantidade de proteínas foi estatisticamente menor nos biscoitos sem glúten (p < 0,001) e os substitutos da farinha de trigo mais utilizados foram as fontes amiláceas: amido de milho e farinha de arroz. O preço dos biscoitos isentos de glúten foi significativamente maior comparado aos biscoitos com glúten (p < 0,001). Então, os biscoitos isentos de glúten avaliados possuem menor valor nutricional devido ao teor proteico reduzido, e maior custo, comparado ao biscoito com glúten.(AU)

The aim of this study was to compare ingredients, nutritional information and financial support of gluten-free and cookies with gluten. The sample consisted of 25 gluten-free cookies units and 25 with cookies with gluten units, available at health products stores and hypermarkets at the Barbacena city. Nutritional information was obtained through labels. There was not statistical difference between the caloric values of cookies with and without gluten or about the values of carbohydrates, total and saturated fats, fiber or sodium. The amount of protein was statistically lower in gluten-free cookies (p < 0.001) and the most used wheat flour substitutes were starchy sources: corn starch and rice flour. The price of gluten-free cookies was significantly higher compared to gluten-free cookies (p < 0.001). So, the gluten-free cookies evaluated have less nutritional value due to the reduced protein content and higher cost compared to the cookies with gluten…(AU)

Biscoitos sem glúten versus com glúten: composição nutricional, ingredientes e custo / Cookies gluten-free versus gluten-containing cookies: nutritional composition, ingredients and cost

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar ingredientes, informação nutricional e valor financeiro de biscoitos isentos e com glúten. A amostra foi composta por 25 unidades de biscoitos sem glúten e 25 unidades com este componente, disponíveis em lojas de produtos naturais e em hipermercados do município de Barbacena/MG. As informações nutricionais foram obtidas por meio dos rótulos. Não houve diferença estatística entre os valores calóricos de biscoitos com e sem glúten ou acerca dos valores de carboidratos, gorduras totais e saturadas, fibras ou sódio. A quantidade de proteínas foi estatisticamente menor nos biscoitos sem glúten (p < 0,001) e os substitutos da farinha de trigo mais utilizados foram as fontes amiláceas: amido de milho e farinha de arroz. O preço dos biscoitos isentos de glúten foi significativamente maior comparado aos biscoitos com glúten (p < 0,001). Então, os biscoitos isentos de glúten avaliados possuem menor valor nutricional devido ao teor proteico reduzido, e maior custo, comparado ao biscoito com glúten.

The aim of this study was to compare ingredients, nutritional information and financial support of gluten-free and cookies with gluten. The sample consisted of 25 gluten-free cookies units and 25 with cookies with gluten units, available at health products stores and hypermarkets at the Barbacena city. Nutritional information was obtained through labels. There was not statistical difference between the caloric values of cookies with and without gluten or about the values of carbohydrates, total and saturated fats, fiber or sodium. The amount of protein was statistically lower in gluten-free cookies (p < 0.001) and the most used wheat flour substitutes were starchy sources: corn starch and rice flour. The price of gluten-free cookies was significantly higher compared to gluten-free cookies (p < 0.001). So, the gluten-free cookies evaluated have less nutritional value due to the reduced protein content and higher cost compared to the cookies with gluten

Apparent digestibility coefficients for amino acids of feed ingredients in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) diets

This study evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of essential (EAA) and non-essential (NEAA) amino acids of 13 ingredients for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) diets. Proteic and energetic ingredients were analyzed separately. The trial with energetic and proteic ingredients were arranged in a randomized block design, with four replicates: energetic ingredients (corn, wheat bran, broken rice, and sorghum) with four treatments, whereas proteic ingredients (corn gluten meal, soybean meal, poultry byproduct meal, salmon meal, fish meal [tilapia processing residue], wheat gluten meal, feather meal, cottonseed meal, and alcohol yeast [spray dried]) with nine treatments. Each block was considered as one round of fecal collection. A total of 420 tambaqui juveniles (mean initial weight: 70±8.58 g) were used. Among energetic ingredients, corn (94.6%) and wheat bran (91.9%) had the highest ADCEAA, followed by broken rice (75.7%), and sorghum (72.8%). On average, ADCEAA and ADCNEAA values of proteic ingredients were 79.5-98.5%, except for alcohol yeast (ADCEAA: 68.4 and ADCNEAA: 76.7%). Tryptophan was the first limiting amino acid in most ingredients tested and had the lowest chemical scores (0.06-0.51), except for wheat bran, corn gluten meal, and soybean meal, in which lysine was the first limiting amino acid. Soybean meal had the highest digestible essential amino acid index (EAAI: 1.02) and the most balanced amino acid profile, whereas wheat gluten meal had the lowest EAAI (0.48). Overall, tambaqui was very efficient to digest proteic and energetic ingredients.(AU)

Supplementation with different non-fiber carbohydrate sources in dairy cow diets with high or low rumen-undegradable protein content / Suplementação com diferentes fontes de carboidratos não fibrosos em dietas para vacas leiteiras com alto ou baixo teor de proteína não degradável no rúmen

The objective for this study was to evaluate the supplementation with different non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) sources for grazing dairy cows in diets with high or low concentrations of rumen undegradable protein (RUP). Twelve multiparous cows averaging 30kg/d of milk production and 45±23 days in milk in a 4x4 Latin square design with 2 × 2 factorial arrangement were used. The difference in NFC content of the diets was achieved using ground corn (GC) or dried citrus pulp (DCP). Dietary RUP was altered by the partial replacement of soybean meal (LRUP) by roasted whole soybean and corn gluten meal (HRUP). Greater dry matter intake (DMI) was observed in DCP treatments compared to GC treatments (19.2 and 17.7kg/day of DM, respectively). Milk fat concentration was lower for LRUP treatments (3.4%) when compared to HRUP (3.6%). The milk protein concentration was greater for GC treatments (2.9%) in relation to DCP treatments (2.8%). Lower milk ureic nitrogen was observed when DCP diets were fed compared to those with GC (17.8 and 21.2mg/dL, respectively). The use of DCP as CNF source increased dry matter intake as well as milk fat concentration, although no differences in milk production were observed for RUP level.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a suplementação com diferentes fontes de carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) em vacas manejadas a pasto em dietas com alta ou baixa concentração de proteína não degradável no rúmen (PNDR). Doze vacas multíparas com média de 30kg leite/ dia e 45±23 dias em lactação foram utilizadas em delineamento quadrado latino 4x4 com arranjo fatorial 2 × 2. As fontes de CNF foram milho moído (MM) e polpa cítrica seca (PC). A PNDR da dieta foi alterada pela substituição parcial do farelo de soja da dieta de baixa PNDR (BPNDR) por grão de soja tostado e farelo de glúten de milho dieta de alta PNDR (APNDR). Foi observado maior consumo de matéria seca (CMS) nos tratamentos com PC quando comparado aos tratamentos com MM (19,2 e 17,7kg / dia de MS, respectivamente). O teor de gordura do leite foi menor para os tratamentos com BPNDR (3,4%) em comparação aos tratamentos com APNDR (3,6%). O teor de proteína do leite foi maior nos tratamentos com MM (2,9%) em relação aos tratamentos com PC (2,8%). Foram observados menores teores de nitrogênio ureico no leite dos animais alimentados com PC em relação aos com MM (17,8 e 21,2mg / dL, respectivamente). O uso de PC como fonte de CNF aumentou o consumo de matéria seca, bem como o teor de gordura do leite, embora não tenham sido observadas diferenças na produção de leite relacionada a alteração nos teores de PNDR.(AU)

Supplementation with different non-fiber carbohydrate sources in dairy cow diets with high or low rumen-undegradable protein content / Suplementação com diferentes fontes de carboidratos não fibrosos em dietas para vacas leiteiras com alto ou baixo teor de proteína não degradável no rúmen

The objective for this study was to evaluate the supplementation with different non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) sources for grazing dairy cows in diets with high or low concentrations of rumen undegradable protein (RUP). Twelve multiparous cows averaging 30kg/d of milk production and 45±23 days in milk in a 4x4 Latin square design with 2 × 2 factorial arrangement were used. The difference in NFC content of the diets was achieved using ground corn (GC) or dried citrus pulp (DCP). Dietary RUP was altered by the partial replacement of soybean meal (LRUP) by roasted whole soybean and corn gluten meal (HRUP). Greater dry matter intake (DMI) was observed in DCP treatments compared to GC treatments (19.2 and 17.7kg/day of DM, respectively). Milk fat concentration was lower for LRUP treatments (3.4%) when compared to HRUP (3.6%). The milk protein concentration was greater for GC treatments (2.9%) in relation to DCP treatments (2.8%). Lower milk ureic nitrogen was observed when DCP diets were fed compared to those with GC (17.8 and 21.2mg/dL, respectively). The use of DCP as CNF source increased dry matter intake as well as milk fat concentration, although no differences in milk production were observed for RUP level.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a suplementação com diferentes fontes de carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) em vacas manejadas a pasto em dietas com alta ou baixa concentração de proteína não degradável no rúmen (PNDR). Doze vacas multíparas com média de 30kg leite/ dia e 45±23 dias em lactação foram utilizadas em delineamento quadrado latino 4x4 com arranjo fatorial 2 × 2. As fontes de CNF foram milho moído (MM) e polpa cítrica seca (PC). A PNDR da dieta foi alterada pela substituição parcial do farelo de soja da dieta de baixa PNDR (BPNDR) por grão de soja tostado e farelo de glúten de milho dieta de alta PNDR (APNDR). Foi observado maior consumo de matéria seca (CMS) nos tratamentos com PC quando comparado aos tratamentos com MM (19,2 e 17,7kg / dia de MS, respectivamente). O teor de gordura do leite foi menor para os tratamentos com BPNDR (3,4%) em comparação aos tratamentos com APNDR (3,6%). O teor de proteína do leite foi maior nos tratamentos com MM (2,9%) em relação aos tratamentos com PC (2,8%). Foram observados menores teores de nitrogênio ureico no leite dos animais alimentados com PC em relação aos com MM (17,8 e 21,2mg / dL, respectivamente). O uso de PC como fonte de CNF aumentou o consumo de matéria seca, bem como o teor de gordura do leite, embora não tenham sido observadas diferenças na produção de leite relacionada a alteração nos teores de PNDR.(AU)

Caracterização das propriedades funcionais e físico-químicas de farinha de batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas) para aplicação em massas alimentícias / Characterization of functional and physico-chemical properties of sweet potato flour (Ipomoea potatoes) for application in food pasta

A farinha de batata-doce (FBD) apresenta grande versatilidade na indústria de alimentos podendo ser aplicada sem afetar a qualidade do produto final substituindo parcialmente a farinha de trigo na fabricação de massas alimentícias. Objetivou-se caracterizar a farinha de batata-doce, para aplicação em massas alimentícias. Realizou-se a caracterização físico-química determinando pH, acidez total, massa específica aparente e real, índice de absorção de água e de óleo, índice de solubilidade em água e amido danificado. Determinou-se a composição centesimal obtendo-se umidade, cinzas, gordura, proteína e carboidratos por diferença. A farinha de batata-doce apresentou características físicoquímicas que a caracterizou como fonte potencial de amido para substituição ao trigo por possuir amido resistente ao processamento.

Características tecnológicas e qualidade microbiológica de massa alimentícia fresca sem glúten / Technological characteristics and microbiological quality of pasta fresh food gluten free

O estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver massas alimentícias frescas do tipo talharim isentas de glúten, pigmentadas com beterraba e avaliar a sua qualidade. Foram desenvolvidas cinco formulações tendo como variáveis o polvilho doce e a goma xantana. As massas desenvolvidas foram avaliadas quanto às características tecnológicas e qualidade microbiológica. O polvilho doce e goma xantana tiveram efeito significativo somente no tempo de cozimento, variando em torno de 4 minutos e perda de sólidos em 1%. Para as analises microbiológicas, as formulações obtiveram resultados satisfatórios, permanecendo inferiores ao limite estabelecido pela legislação brasileira. Assim a produção de massa alimentícia sem glúten apresentou-se como uma alternativa viável para aqueles que resolveram excluir o glúten de suas dietas.

Amino Acid Digestibility of Feed Ingredients in Cecectomized Adult Roosters

A digestibility assay was conducted in order to determine the digestibility coefficients (DC) of amino acids of feed ingredients in cecectomized adult roosters. In total 48 cecectomized adult roosters were used to assess the coefficient of digestibility of 7 ingredients: corn, soybean meal, soybean concentrate, corn gluten meal, wheat bran, peanut meal, and feather meal. Each ingredient was replicated six times and a group of 6 rooster was used to measure endogenous amino acid losses. After 48 hours of fasting, the roosters were tube fed 20g of ingredients tested twice during a day. At 12 hour-intervals excreta and endogenous losses were collected and immediately freeze-dried for further chemical analysis. At the end of the assay, excreta were weighed and samples of ingredients, excreta, and endogenous losses were pooled and analysed for dry matter, nitrogen and amino acid content. The coefficients of indispensable amino acids for the most feed ingredients assessed in the current research were similar to published literature like AMINODat®5.0 and the 4th edition of the Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine, except feather meal, in which only digestible Trp and Thr content were similar to literature. Particularly, the coefficients for some amino acids like Arg and Gly exhibited large discrepancies from literature in almost all the feed ingredients assessed herein. In general, using cecectomized adult roosters proved to be a reliable technique to assess the digestibility of feed ingredients used in poultry diets.(AU)

Amino Acid Digestibility of Feed Ingredients in Cecectomized Adult Roosters

A digestibility assay was conducted in order to determine the digestibility coefficients (DC) of amino acids of feed ingredients in cecectomized adult roosters. In total 48 cecectomized adult roosters were used to assess the coefficient of digestibility of 7 ingredients: corn, soybean meal, soybean concentrate, corn gluten meal, wheat bran, peanut meal, and feather meal. Each ingredient was replicated six times and a group of 6 rooster was used to measure endogenous amino acid losses. After 48 hours of fasting, the roosters were tube fed 20g of ingredients tested twice during a day. At 12 hour-intervals excreta and endogenous losses were collected and immediately freeze-dried for further chemical analysis. At the end of the assay, excreta were weighed and samples of ingredients, excreta, and endogenous losses were pooled and analysed for dry matter, nitrogen and amino acid content. The coefficients of indispensable amino acids for the most feed ingredients assessed in the current research were similar to published literature like AMINODat®5.0 and the 4th edition of the Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine, except feather meal, in which only digestible Trp and Thr content were similar to literature. Particularly, the coefficients for some amino acids like Arg and Gly exhibited large discrepancies from literature in almost all the feed ingredients assessed herein. In general, using cecectomized adult roosters proved to be a reliable technique to assess the digestibility of feed ingredients used in poultry diets.

Grapeseed meal used as natural antioxidant in high fatty acid diets for Hubbard broilers

The 7-week feeding trial evaluated the effect of 2% grapeseed meal used as natural antioxidant in the diets for slow-growing Hubbard broiler chicks, aged 14 days. The chicks were weighed individually and assigned to two groups (C and E), with 40 chicks per group, housed under conditions of temperature, humidity and light regimen according to the hybrid management guide. The basal ingredients of the conventional diet were corn, wheat, gluten, soybean meal and 2% flaxseed meal, which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Compared to the control formulation, the experimental formulation included 2% grapeseed meal, both in the growing and finishing stages. The broilers had free access to feed and water. In the end of the feeding trial, blood samples were collected for serum biochemical determinations and six broilers per group were slaughtered and samples of breast and thigh meat were collected. The meat samples were assayed for the basic chemical composition, fatty acids profile and cholesterol content using standardized methods. The content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in breast samples, while cholesterol content was significantly lower (p<0.05) in thigh samples from E group, compared to C. Blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in group E than in group C. The study showed that the grapeseed meal used as natural antioxidant in broiler diets enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids given to Hubbard broilers had beneficial effects on broiler meat quality and on the metabolic profile of the blood plasma.(AU)

Grapeseed meal used as natural antioxidant in high fatty acid diets for Hubbard broilers

The 7-week feeding trial evaluated the effect of 2% grapeseed meal used as natural antioxidant in the diets for slow-growing Hubbard broiler chicks, aged 14 days. The chicks were weighed individually and assigned to two groups (C and E), with 40 chicks per group, housed under conditions of temperature, humidity and light regimen according to the hybrid management guide. The basal ingredients of the conventional diet were corn, wheat, gluten, soybean meal and 2% flaxseed meal, which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Compared to the control formulation, the experimental formulation included 2% grapeseed meal, both in the growing and finishing stages. The broilers had free access to feed and water. In the end of the feeding trial, blood samples were collected for serum biochemical determinations and six broilers per group were slaughtered and samples of breast and thigh meat were collected. The meat samples were assayed for the basic chemical composition, fatty acids profile and cholesterol content using standardized methods. The content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in breast samples, while cholesterol content was significantly lower (p<0.05) in thigh samples from E group, compared to C. Blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in group E than in group C. The study showed that the grapeseed meal used as natural antioxidant in broiler diets enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids given to Hubbard broilers had beneficial effects on broiler meat quality and on the metabolic profile of the blood plasma.

Physicochemical and sensory characterization of gluten-free fresh pasta with addition of passion fruit peel flour / Características físico-químicas e sensoriais de massa alimentícia fresca sem glúten com adição de farinha de casca de maracujá

The aim of this study was to develop a gluten-free fresh pasta formulation with addition of yellow passion fruit peel flour (PPF). A control formulation containing a mixture of rice flour and corn flour and formulations with 10 and 20% of PPF addition were produced. Sensory analysis, physicochemical characterization and technological properties were assessed. The PPF addition to gluten-free pasta increased cooking time, soluble solids loss and water absorption; it also modified the color of the formulations. The control formulation and the formulation containing 10% PPF had the best sensory parameters, leading to an acceptability index over 70%. The 10% PPF addition increased fiber (3.25%) and ashes (2.15%) content and also lowered percentage of carbohydrates (41.19%) and energy value (223.26 kcal/80g); content of proteins and lipids were similar between the formulations. Principal component analysis showed that the control formulation stands out due to its sensory properties while the formulation containing 10% PPF improved nutritional properties. Therefore, the increase in nutritional value of gluten-free fresh pasta due to the PPF addition can be considered an alternative to meet market demands for healthier food choices.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver massa alimentícia fresca sem glúten com adição de farinha de casca de maracujá amarelo (FCM). Uma formulação controle composta de uma mistura de farinha de arroz e farinha de milho, e formulações com adição de 10 e 20% de FCM foram produzidas. As amostras foram analisadas quanto às características sensoriais, físico-químicas e tecnológicas. A adição de FCM às formulações aumentou o tempo de cozimento, a perda de sólidos solúveis e a absorção de água, bem como, modificou os parâmetros de cor. As formulações que apresentaram melhores resultados, quanto aos atributos sensoriais, foram o controle e a que continha 10% de adição de FCM, que apresentaram índice de aceitabilidade acima de 70%. A adição de 10% de FCM aumentou o teor de fibras (3,25%) e cinzas (2,15%) e reduziu a porcentagem de carboidratos (41,19%) e o valor energético (223,26 kcal/80g), enquanto o teor de proteínas e lipídios foi semelhante entre formulações. A análise de componentes principais demonstrou que a amostra controle se destacou por suas propriedades sensoriais, enquanto a adição de 10% de FCM promoveu as propriedades nutricionais. Portanto, o aumento do valor nutricional da massa fresca sem glúten produzida com adição de FCM pode ser considerada uma alternativa para atender uma demanda crescente do mercado que busca escolhas alimentares mais saudáveis.(AU)

Apparent digestibility coefficients of feedstuff used in tambaqui diets / Coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente de alimentos utilizados em dietas de tambaqui

Quality of fish diet can be evaluated by quantifying the ability of fish to digest food. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) for crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and gross energy (GE) in nine protein ingredients and seven energy ingredients most commonly used in commercial diets for tambaqui. In total, 510 tambaqui juveniles were fed test diets containing a reference diet supplemented with an inert digestibility marker (Cr2O3) and each ingredient tested. Digestibility analyses showed that corn gluten had the highest ADCCP (98.09%) and ADCGE (96.91%), whereas alcohol yeast had the lowest ADCCP (63.17%) and ADCGE (46.24%). Protein ingredients were revealed to be excellent sources of lipids (ADCEE > 85.0%), with the exception of wheat gluten (ADCEE: 63.73%). Corn (94.50%) and wheat bran (86.08%) showed the highest ADCCP of all energy ingredients. No significant differences in ADCEE were observed across the energy ingredients tested. Of the energy ingredients tested, corn oil (95.70%), fish oil (93.61%), soybean oil (93.31%) and corn (88.70%) had the highest ADCGE. The use of protein ingredients and energy ingredients with high digestibility coefficients, such as the ones reported, can guide the formulation of top quality diets for tambaqui.(AU)

A qualidade da dieta pode ser avaliada quantificando a habilidade dos peixes para digerir os alimentos. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) para proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE) e energia bruta (EB) de nove ingredientes proteicos e sete ingredientes energéticos mais comumente usados em dietas comerciais para tambaqui. No total, 510 juvenis de tambaqui foram alimentados com dietas-teste contendo uma dieta de referência suplementada com um marcador de digestibilidade inerte (Cr2O3). As análises de digestibilidade mostraram que o glúten de milho apresentou o CDAPB (98,09%) e CDAEB (96,91%) mais alto, enquanto que a levedura de álcool apresentou o menor CDAPB (63,17%) e CDAEB (46,24%). Os ingredientes proteicos foram revelados como excelentes fontes de lipídios (CDAEE > 85,0%), com exceção do glúten de trigo (CDAEE: 63,73%). O milho (94,5%) e o farelo de trigo (86,08%) apresentaram o CDAPB mais alto de todos os ingredientes energéticos. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no CDAEE dos ingredientes energéticos testados. Dos ingredientes energéticos testados, o óleo de milho (95,7%), óleo de peixe (93,61%), o óleo de soja (93,31%) e o milho (88,70%) apresentaram o CDAEB mais alto. O uso de ingredientes proteicos e energéticos com altos coeficientes de digestibilidade, como os relatados, pode orientar a formulação de dietas de alta qualidade para tambaqui.(AU)