Carcinoma de células escamosas em gato - tratamento com quimioterapia metronômica / Squamous cell carcinoma in a cat - treatment with metronomic chemotherapy

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasm associated with prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light and lack of skin pigment in white-coated animals. The disease diagnosis is based on the animal's history, clinical signs and histopathology of the samples collected. The therapeutic alternatives are diverse. Among them, one of the most used is the metronomic chemotherapy which is based on the use of cytostatics drugs, applied in low and frequent doses for a longer period of time. One of the mechanisms of action of this type of therapy is the decrease in angiogenesis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are simultaneously used to maximize the angiogenic effect. The objective of this study is to report the results of a treatment accomplised with metronomic chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide with meloxicam) in a domestic feline which presented a squamous cell tumor. Case: A 7-year-old female cat, mixed breed, not neutered, weighing 3.5 kg, was assisted at the Veterinary Specialties Teaching Clinic (CEEV) of the Technical University of Machala (UTMACH), presenting bilateral ulcerative lesion in the nasal plane for 5 months. Chronic exposure to sunlight is referred to in the patient's anamnesis. Aspiration cytology performed in the patient revealed an inflammatory process with a predominance of neutrophils and macrophages, and showed absence of neoplastic cells. A treatment based on antibiotics and corticosteroids was adopted. As there were no favorable results, an excisional biopsy procedure was chosen to collect the affected tissues. The result of the histopathological analysis was a level 2 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The initial treatment consisted of surgical removal of the tumor and later the use of metronomic chemotherapy based on Cyclophosphamide, Meloxicam, DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and Sucralfate for 5 months was adopted. At the beginning of the second phase of treatment, the patient developed a macula that progressively diminished. Currently, the patient does not have any recurrence of the diagnosed neoplasm. Discussion: The diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was based on clinical and histopathological findings. The macroscopic lesions were crusted ulcers that do not heal in the nasal plane and auricular pavilion, as reported in the literature. SCC is characterized by the infiltration of squamous cells in the dermal layer of the skin, forming epithelial islands with keratin pearls. The histopathological findings of this case present the same characteristics. The climatic conditions of Ecuador, high temperatures with greater incidence of sunlight, hypopigmented areas of the animal's body and chronic exposure to solar radiation are risk factors present in this case that foster the development of this malignant neoplasm. There are multiple treatments to be introduced in this sort of pathology. In this case, surgical removal of the tumor was adopted, followed by metronomic chemotherapy based on cyclophosphamide at 10 mg/m2 and meloxicam at a 0.05 mg/kg per day for a period of time of five months, obtaining favorable results and absence of recurrence. Despite metronomic chemotherapy being easy to administer, with fewer side effects, which includes a better acceptance of care takers who are reluctant to administer conventional chemotherapy, further studies are still necessary in what concerns certain variables such as age, carcinoma level, appropriate dosages and drugs according to each neoplasm.

Treatment of chronic immunomediated thrombocytopenia with mesenquimal stem cells in dog: case report / Tratamento de trombocitopenia imunomediada crônica com células-tronco mesenquimais em cão: relato de caso

Immunomediated thrombocytopenia is a systemic metabolic disorder in which the platelet count falls below reference values, as the patient's immune system destroys them. The main clinical signs in thrombocytopenia are petechial, hemorrhages, ecchymoses and suffusions. Hematomas can also occur in coagulation disorders. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings and hematological examinations. The treatment consists of the use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, delaying cell destruction, and may last for months, not always obtaining a cure for the disease. The present work reports the use of therapy with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells, derived from the adipose tissue of dogs, for the treatment of chronic immunomediated thrombocytopenia, with an evolution of more than one year, in a Pinscher dog. The alternative treatment showed a good evolution, keeping platelets within the reference values during the treatment, giving the patient quality of life and removing the need for continuous medication for homeostasis after treatment.

A trombocitopenia imunomediada é uma desordem metabólica sistêmica, na qual a contagem plaquetária fica abaixo dos valores de referência, pois o sistema imunológico do paciente a destrói. O principal sinal clínico na trombocitopenia são hemorragias, petequiais, equimoses e sufusões. Hematomas podem ocorrer também em alterações da coagulação. O diagnóstico baseia-se nos achados clínicos e nos exames hematológicos. O tratamento consiste na utilização de corticosteroides e imunossupressores, o que retarda a destruição celular, mas pode se prolongar por meses, nem sempre obtendo cura da doença. O presente trabalho relata a utilização da terapia com células-tronco mesenquimais alogênicas, oriundas do tecido adiposo de cães, para tratamento de trombocitopenia imunomediada crônica, com evolução de mais de um ano, em um cão da raça Pinscher. O tratamento alternativo revelou boa evolução, pois manteve as plaquetas dentro dos valores de referência durante o tratamento, o que proporcionou qualidade de vida ao paciente e tornou desnecessárias medicações de uso contínuo para a homeostase após o tratamento.

Cutaneous candidiasis caused by antifungal-resistant Candida sp. strain in canine individual / Candidíase cutânea causada por cepa de Candida sp. resistente a antifúngicos em indivíduo canino

The aim of the current report is to describe a cutaneous candidiasis case affecting a canine individual treated at the University Veterinary Hospital of State University of Maranhão (UEMA), in São Luís City. The patient had three-month history of skin diseases; it had been previously subjected to several treatments based on antibiotics, corticosteroids and antifungal drugs that have failed to show clinical improvements. Dermatological assessment has indicated generalized moist dermatitis, intense skin desquamation, alopecia, pruritus and meliceric crusts along the animal's body, mainly in its dorsal region. Complementary tests, such as skin cytology and microscopy, trichogram, qualitative PCR and serology for canine visceral leishmaniasis, as well as fungal culture and antifungigram were requested based on this scenario. Serology recorded inconclusive results for leishmaniasis, whereas PCR recorded negative results in the presence of the agent's DNA. Cytology, microscopy and trichogram results have evidenced fungal infection in the assessed samples. Moreover, mycological culture and antifungigram resulted in the growth of Candida sp. specimens capable of resisting antifungal agents such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and nystatin. The therapy adopted after candidiasis diagnosis confirmation comprised oral doses of manipulated ketoconazole, in combination to topical therapy with shampoo based on moisturizing formulas associated with Miconazole and Chlorhexidine (at 2%), for four weeks. After 30 days, when the adopted therapy was over, the aforementioned animal presented remission of the previously observed lesions and fully improved condition.

The aim of the current report is to describe a cutaneous candidiasis case affecting a canine individual treated at the University Veterinary Hospital of State University of Maranhão (UEMA), in São Luís City. The patient had three-month history of skin diseases; it had been previously subjected to several treatments based on antibiotics, corticosteroids and antifungal drugs that have failed to show clinical improvements. Dermatological assessment has indicated generalized moist dermatitis, intense skin desquamation, alopecia, pruritus and meliceric crusts along the animal's body, mainly in its dorsal region. Complementary tests, such as skin cytology and microscopy, trichogram, qualitative PCR and serology for canine visceral leishmaniasis, as well as fungal culture and antifungigram were requested based on this scenario. Serology recorded inconclusive results for leishmaniasis, whereas PCR recorded negative results in the presence of the agent's DNA. Cytology, microscopy and trichogram results have evidenced fungal infection in the assessed samples. Moreover, mycological culture and antifungigram resulted in the growth of Candida sp. specimens capable of resisting antifungal agents such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and nystatin. The therapy adopted after candidiasis diagnosis confirmation comprised oral doses of manipulated ketoconazole, in combination to topical therapy with shampoo based on moisturizing formulas associated with Miconazole and Chlorhexidine (at 2%), for four weeks. After 30 days, when the adopted therapy was over, the aforementioned animal presented remission of the previously observed lesions and fully improved condition.

The ethanol extract of Periplaneta Americana L. improves ulcerative colitis induced by a combination of chronic stress and TNBS in rats

Purpose: To investigate the effects of Periplaneta americana L. on ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by a combination of chronic stress (CS) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid enema (TNBS) in rats. Methods: The experiment UC model with CS was established in rats by a combination of chronic restraint stress, excess failure, improper, and TNBS. The body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colonic mucosal injury index (CMDI), histopathological score (HS) and pro-inflammatory mediators were measured. The content of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in hypothalamus or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosteroids (CORT) in plasma were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The proportion of T lymphocyte subsets was detected by flow cytometry, and gut microbiota was detected by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Results: Weight loss, DAI, CMDI, HS and proinflammatory mediators were reversed in rats by P. americana L. treatment after UC with CS. Increased epidermal growth factor (EGF) was observed in P. americana L. groups. In addition, P. americana L. could reduce the content of CRH and ACTH and regulate the ratio of CD3+, CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+CD25+/CD4+ in spleen. Comparably, P. americana L. changes composition of gut microbiota. Conclusions: The ethanol extract of Periplaneta Americana L. improves UC induced by a combination of CS and TNBS in rats.

Episcleroceratite nodular granulomatosa em cães / Nodular episclerokeratitis in dogs

Background: Episcleral inflammation may be assumed to be primary immune-mediated, secondary to intra- or extraocular diseases, or systemic abnormalities. We aimed to report a confirmed and another suspect case of nodular episclerokeratites (NEK) due to its rarity in the clinical setting and the paucity of case reports in Brazilian literature. Cases: Case 1. Refers to a 7-year-old castrated male, Collie-mixed breed, presenting with epiphora and an irregular ocular surface shape in the left eye (LE). Ophthalmic evaluation of this eye revealed mucoid discharge, conjunctival hyperemia, episcleral injection, and a gelatinous mass in the temporal limbic region. Biomicroscopic evaluation of the anterior chamber, lens, and vitreous was impaired in the LE because of corneal vessels and a mild flare in the aqueous humor. Histopathology of a scleral biopsy revealed the presence of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and some plasma cells. Positive CD3-lymphocytes were observed by immunohistochemistry, confirming the diagnosis of NEK. Case 2. Refers to a 8-year-old, spayed female Border Collie with a history of exophthalmos, conjunctival hyperemia, and inability to close the eyelid of the LE. During ophthalmic examination, an irregular espicleral nodule of approximately 9 mm was also found in the temporal limbic region, along with enlargement of episcleral vessels and scleral thinning at the equatorial region. The cornea showed mild and diffuse edema, and white crystal-like deposits were distributed in a band-like fashion at the dorsal aspect. Ultrasonography revealed scleral thinning without evidence of a mass effect arising from the iris, ciliary body, or retrobulbar space. Based on these findings, NEK was suspected. In both cases, the clinical signs reduced significantly after seven days of topical treatment with corticosteroids and cyclosporine. Discussion: It is assumed that scleral disorders are primarily immune mediated. However, such conditions may develop secondary to ocular trauma (surgery and foreign bodies), Ehrlichia canis, and Onchocerca spp. Infections and situations were ruled out in both cases. In case 1, additional histological and immunohistochemical findings supported a primary and immune-mediated scleral disease. Although the definitive diagnosis was not confirmed by histology in case 2, one can assume that the episcleral inflammation may have arisen due to an immune-mediated disorder once the eye responded positively to corticosteroid therapy. Additionally, secondary glaucoma was excluded as a possible diagnosis in case 2, because the intraocular pressure of the affected eye was below the reference range for dogs, coupled with the irregular appearance of the episclera, which is not characteristic of canine glaucoma. Moreover, in case 2, because remission of the masses of neoplastic origin after corticotherapy was not expected, the tumor was discarded. NEK has a characteristic ploriferative behavior and resistance to topical immunosuppression; clinical recurrence was not observed in the LE of either patient who remained on treatment after 60 days of follow-up. Regarding prognosis, one study showed a correlation between cellular contingent and therapeutic responses. The percentage of positive CD79a cells (B-lymphocytes) was significantly higher in cases of epicleritis and NEK, in which a poor response was achieved after topical immunosuppressive treatment. As shown by the veterinary literature and the cases described here, the complete remission of NEK is more common in unilateral cases, as confirmed after a 12-month follow-up. The 2 reported cases are useful for clarifying the common findings, diagnosis, and long-term management of NEK. Scleral abnormalities, such as NEK, must be included in the list of differential diagnoses of glaucoma, neoplasia, and endophthalmitis during ophtalmic examination.

Esporotricose felina na região periocular - eficácia do tratamento com itraconazol / Feline sporotrichosis in the periocular region - successful treatment with itraconazole

Background: Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. It isan emerging zoonosis with worldwide distribution, thus of great importance to public health. The infection occurs fromtraumatic inoculation of the fungus in the human skin from contaminated plants and soils and through bites or scratchesof infected animals. The occurrence of sporotrichosis has been related to zoonotic transmission, especially by domesticfelines. This work aims to report the successful use of itraconazole as monotherapy in a case of localized feline sporotrichosis and highlight the effectiveness of cytology in its diagnosis.Case: A 1-year-and-4-month-old spayed female cat undefined breed, weighing 3.1 kg, was referred to the VeterinaryMedical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), city of Umuarama, presenting a serosanguinous ulcerative lesion located in the left periocular region The clinical picture of the patient progressed over 3 months.Treatments with antibiotic therapy, corticosteroids, and surgical procedures were conducted, without clinical improvement. A new lesion in the distal portion of the thoracic limb emerged, proving that the disease remained in progression.Hematological exams were performed, among them hemogram, renal and hepatic biochemical analyses, SNAPS to identifythe feline immunodeficiency virus feline leukemia virus (FIV/FeLV), and cytology of the lesion through imprints. Thehematological results were all within the normal standards for the species. Cytology showed a large amount of oval andfusiform structures phagocyted by polymorphonuclear cells, free at the bottom of the slide, compatible with Sporothrixspp. The treatment administered was itraconazole (100 mg/cat), orally administered every 24 h, cefovecin sodium 8 mg/kg,subcutaneous, single dose, topical use of...

Esporotricose felina na região periocular - eficácia do tratamento com itraconazol / Feline sporotrichosis in the periocular region - successful treatment with itraconazole

Background: Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. It isan emerging zoonosis with worldwide distribution, thus of great importance to public health. The infection occurs fromtraumatic inoculation of the fungus in the human skin from contaminated plants and soils and through bites or scratchesof infected animals. The occurrence of sporotrichosis has been related to zoonotic transmission, especially by domesticfelines. This work aims to report the successful use of itraconazole as monotherapy in a case of localized feline sporotrichosis and highlight the effectiveness of cytology in its diagnosis.Case: A 1-year-and-4-month-old spayed female cat undefined breed, weighing 3.1 kg, was referred to the VeterinaryMedical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), city of Umuarama, presenting a serosanguinous ulcerative lesion located in the left periocular region The clinical picture of the patient progressed over 3 months.Treatments with antibiotic therapy, corticosteroids, and surgical procedures were conducted, without clinical improvement. A new lesion in the distal portion of the thoracic limb emerged, proving that the disease remained in progression.Hematological exams were performed, among them hemogram, renal and hepatic biochemical analyses, SNAPS to identifythe feline immunodeficiency virus feline leukemia virus (FIV/FeLV), and cytology of the lesion through imprints. Thehematological results were all within the normal standards for the species. Cytology showed a large amount of oval andfusiform structures phagocyted by polymorphonuclear cells, free at the bottom of the slide, compatible with Sporothrixspp. The treatment administered was itraconazole (100 mg/cat), orally administered every 24 h, cefovecin sodium 8 mg/kg,subcutaneous, single dose, topical use of...(AU)

Discoid lupus erythematosus in dog / Lúpus eritematoso discoide em cão

Lupus erythematosus complex is an immune-mediated dermatological disease, mainly represented by the generalized and discoid forms. The last form described is milder, as it is limited to the appearance of lesions, usually on the face and in mucocutaneous regions. Its pathophysiology is considered multifactorial, however, continuous exposure to ultraviolet radiation seems to be very relevant to trigger and/or worsen clinical manifestations. DeÞ nitive diagnosis is obtained by histopathological analysis, and treatment is mainly based on immunosuppression and protection against ultraviolet radiation. The objective of this study was to report the case and clinical evolution of a mixed breed bitch, diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus. The bitch presented moderate desquamation, crusts and depigmentation restricted to the nasal plane. No other clinical or laboratory Þ ndings were evidenced in the screening tests. Upon conÞ rmation by histopathology, the initial therapy was started with oral prednisolone. The owners were also instructed to avoid exposure to sunlight, as well as to use topical protectors against ultraviolet radiation. The patient presented good response to therapy, showing remission of signs. Other sporadic recurrences were observed later, however, they were controlled only with topical corticosteroids, but always reinforcing the other precautions of environmental management. This work also addressed the risks, beneÞ ts and need to institute ongoing care to control discoid lupus erythematosus. Therapeutic success can vary among patients, as the intensity of the disease can be manifested in varying degrees. Therefore, in those individuals in which the condition is mild, it may be advantageous to opt for more conservative therapies in order to avoid side effects.(AU)

O complexo lúpus eritematoso é uma enfermidade dermatológica imunomediada, sendo principalmente representado pela forma generalizada e discoide. A última descrita é mais branda, pois se limita ao aparecimento de lesões geralmente em face e em regiões muco-cutâneas. Sua Þ - siopatogenia é considerada multifatorial, entretanto, a exposição contínua à radiação ultravioleta parece ser muito relevante para desencadear e/ou agravar as manifestações clínicas. O diagnóstico deÞ nitivo é obtido pela análise histopatológica, e o tratamento se baseia principalmente na imunossupressão e proteção contra a radiação ultravioleta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso e evolução clínica de uma cadela sem raça deÞ nida, diagnosticada com lúpus eritematoso discoide. A mesma apresentou moderada descamação, crostas e despigmentação restritas ao plano nasal. Nenhum outro achado clínico ou laboratorial foi evidenciado nos demais exames de triagem. Após conÞ rmado pela histopatologia, a terapia inicial foi instituída a partir da prednisolona por via oral. Os tutores também foram orientados a evitar exposição a luz solar, bem como, fazer a utilização de protetores tópicos contra a radiação ultravioleta. A paciente teve boa resposta à terapia, apresentando remissão dos sinais. Após este episódio, outras recidivas esporádicas foram observadas, entretanto, controladas apenas com corticoides tópicos, mas sempre reforçando os demais cuidados com o manejo ambiental. Este trabalho também abordou os riscos, benefícios e necessidade de instituir o cuidado contínuo para controle do lúpus eritematoso discoide. O sucesso terapêutico pode variar entre os pacientes, uma vez que a intensidade da doença pode ser manifestada em vários graus. Portanto, naqueles indivíduos em que o quadro é brando, pode ser vantajoso optar por terapias mais conservadoras, a Þ m de evitar seus efeitos colaterais.(AU)

Bothrops envenomation in dogs: local and systemic manifestations

Background: Snakebite envenoming is a condition that affects humans and domestic animals worldwide. Identification of the snake species involved in the envenomation is infrequent. Bothrops envenomation presents typical clinicopathological features. This report describes epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data of 2 cases of Bothrops envenomation in dogs, including the first case of Bothrops moojeni snake striking a domestic animal in Brazil. Cases: Case 1. A dog was witnessed to have a Bothrops moojeni snakebite on a farm. In the first 24 h, acute lameness, pain, diffuse swelling, focal bleeding at the left forelimb, and increased whole-blood clotting time were observed in the envenomed dog. Polyvalent antivenom was administered in addition to fluid therapy, analgesics, corticosteroids, and antibiotics. On the 5th day, the animal presented spontaneous bleeding at the wound site, thrombocytopenia, and increased whole-blood clotting time. An additional dose of polyvalent antivenom was administered, and local treatment at the snakebite site was initiated. After 13 days, the dog showed no clinical or laboratory changes and recovered entirely. Case 2. A mongrel dog was taken for a necropsy to determine the cause of death. Grossly, major findings included swelling in the nasal plane that extended to the neck and dissecting hemorrhage in the subcutaneous tissue and adjacent musculature. Hemorrhages were observed in the heart, parietal pleura, left forelimb, lumbar region, and perirenal tissue. Marked necrosis and disruption of small blood vessels and lymphatics within the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue were the main microscopic findings close to the snakebite site. Additionally, degeneration and necrosis of muscle fibers and dissecting hemorrhage were observed in the head and neck tissues surrounding the snakebite site. Kidneys showed marked interstitial hemorrhage and acute tubular nephrosis. Discussion: Bothrops envenoming is characterized by local (hemorrhage, dermonecrosis, and myonecrosis) and systemic (coagulative disorders, systemic hemorrhage, and acute kidney injury) changes due to the effect of the main venom components such as phospholipase A2 and metalloproteinases. These changes are hallmarks for the bothropic envenomation, supporting the diagnosis in cases 1 and 2. In case 1, the dog developed a Bothrops moojeni snakebite envenomation, but the immediate treatment with antivenom allowed a favorable outcome. In case 2, gross and microscopic findings supported the presumptive diagnosis of fatal bothropic envenomation. A marked local reaction such as swelling, pain, bleeding, bruising, and tissue necrosis was observed in case 1. In case 2, the most significant local changes were swelling and edema at the head and neck, hemorrhage in the subcutaneous tissue, and adjacent musculature. Systemic effects were observed clinically as spontaneous bleeding, thrombocytopenia, increased whole-blood clotting time (Case 1), systemic hemorrhages, and acute tubular nephrosis (Case 2). A proper treatment probably prevented the development of acute renal failure in Case 1. Herein, we show the first case of accidental snakebite envenomation by B. moojeni in a dog in Brazil. Information is scarce on the identification of venomous snake species striking domestic animals. Fast detection of well-determined clinical and pathological findings of Bothrops envenomation is essential for a correct diagnosis, therapeutics, and a good prognosis, even in cases with an unknown history.

Produtos naturais para cicatrização de feridas em equinos: uma revisão integrativa / Natural products for wounds in equines: Integrative review

Os equinos são animais curiosos e de comportamento ativo. Eles não demonstram dor ou lesões com facilidade por serem considerados presas na natureza. Esses fatores propiciam o aparecimento e o desenvolvimento de lesões cutâneas, principalmente na região dos membros distais. As abordagens terapêuticas convencionais para o tratamento dessas lesões são feitas por meio de soluções antissépticas, corticoides e antibióticos. Entretanto, essas soluções podem causar prejuízos à cicatrização, se usadas de forma indevida, ou efeitos adversos ao animal. Uma forma alternativa para o tratamento de ferimentos cutâneos é o uso de fitoterápicos e outros produtos naturais, que são viáveis por terem um custo inferior e serem de fácil acesso. Dessa forma, objetivou-se neste trabalho, compreender o uso de produtos naturais na cicatrização de ferimentos em equinos, por meio de uma revisão integrativa, abordando os seguintes bioprodutos: Açúcar, Aloe vera, Barbatimão e Calêndula. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa acadêmica nas bases de pesquisa SciELO, Google Acadêmico, BVS-Vet. (Biblioteca Virtual em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia) e Periódicos CAPES/MEC. Partindo disso, foi feita uma análise qualitativa de artigos, principalmente os publicados nos anos de 2019 a 2021. Na literatura o açúcar demonstra grande potencial em promover o crescimento tecidual. A Aloe vera apresenta as características antioxidantes e imunoestimulantes, já o Barbatimão apresenta a capacidade de reduzir inflamações e uma atividade antimicrobiana; e a Calêndula demonstra atividade cicatrizante, anti-inflamatória e antimicrobiana. Com este trabalho pode-se concluir que esses bioprodutos são potentes na ação anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e antimicrobiana, além de ajudar na reparação tecidual, sendo excelentes para terapia alternativa.

Horses are curious and active animals. They do not show their pain or injuries easily as they are considered prey in the wild. These factors favor the appearance and development of skin lesions, especially in the region of the distal limbs. The conventional therapeutic approaches for the treatment of these lesions are through antiseptic solutions, corticosteroids, and antibiotics. However, these solutions can cause damage to healing, if used improperly, or cause adverse effects to the animal. An alternative way to treat skin wounds is the use of herbal medicines and other natural products, which are viable due to their lower cost and easy access. Thus, the objective in this work, was to understand the use of natural products in the healing of wounds in horses through an integrative review, addressing the following bioproducts: Sugar, Aloe vera, Barbatimão, and Calendula. This academic research was carried out on the research bases SciELO, Google Scholar, VHL-Vet. (Virtual Library in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science) and CAPES/MEC Periodicals through qualitative analysis of articles, mainly those published in the years 2017 to 2021. In the literature the sugar demonstrated the great potential in promoting tissue growth. Aloe vera has antioxidant and immunostimulating characteristics, while Barbatimão can reduce inflammations and has antimicrobial activity. Calendula has healing, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity. With this work, we conclude that these bioproducts are potent in terms of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial action, in addition to helping in tissue repair, being excellent for alternative therapy.

Eosinophilic cystitis, a rare cause of persistent haematuria in a diabetic dog / Cistite eosinofílica, uma causa rara de hematúria persistente em um cão diabético

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of entire layers of the bladder wall. The condition has been described in adults, children, and dogs. However, there are no consensus guidelines for the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis. Although human and veterinary literature reviews show some effectiveness in management with corticosteroids, antihistamines, and antibiotics, a variety of serious and frequent side effects are associated with steroid therapy. As a result, steroids are relatively contraindicated for patients with diabetes mellitus and Cushing's syndrome. A five-year-old neutered male chow-chow with controlled diabetes was referred with an 18-month history of malodorous urine, gross haematuria, and dysuria that were nonresponsive to antibiotics. The findings on general examination were unremarkable except for abdominal suprapubic discomfort. The complete blood count and biochemical profile (such as urea and creatinine) were normal except for mild peripheral eosinophilia. Although ultrasonography, bladder contrast radiography, and urine cytology findings indicated malignancy, with the presence of atypical urothelial cells, histopathology confirmed eosinophilic cystitis. Management with cyclosporine was adequate with complete remission of haematuria. This case report presents the first reported successful use of cyclosporine for the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis in a dog with diabetes.(AU)

A cistite eosinofílica é uma doença inflamatória rara caracterizada por infiltração eosinofílica de todas as camadas da parede da bexiga. Essa enfermidade já foi descrita em adultos, crianças e cães. No entanto, não há um consenso de diretrizes sobre o seu tratamento. Mesmo que as literaturas humana e veterinária mostrem alguma eficácia no manejo com corticosteroides, anti-histamínicos e antibióticos, uma variedade de efeitos colaterais graves e frequentes está associada à terapia com esteroides. Dessa forma, o uso de esteroides é relativamente contraindicado para pacientes com diabetes mellitus e síndrome de Cushing, por exemplo. Um chow-chow, macho, castrado, de cinco anos e diabético estável foi encaminhado para atendimento com histórico de urina fétida, hematúria macroscópica e disúria não responsiva a antibióticos há 18 meses. A avaliação dos parâmetros físicos estava dentro dos padrões, exceto por desconforto abdominal suprapúbico à palpação. O hemograma e o perfil bioquímico (como a ureia e a creatinina) estavam dentro da normalidade para a espécie, exceto por eosinofilia periférica leve. Embora a ultrassonografia, a radiografia contrastada da bexiga e os achados da urinálise indicassem malignidade, com a presença de células uroteliais atípicas, a histopatologia confirmou o diagnóstico definitivo de cistite eosinofílica. O manejo com ciclosporina foi satisfatório, com ausência completa da hematúria. Este relato de caso apresenta o primeiro uso documentado de ciclosporina para o tratamento de cistite eosinofílica com sucesso em um cão com diabetes.(AU)

Eosinophilic cystitis, a rare cause of persistent haematuria in a diabetic dog / Cistite eosinofílica, uma causa rara de hematúria persistente em um cão diabético

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of entire layers of the bladder wall. The condition has been described in adults, children, and dogs. However, there are no consensus guidelines for the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis. Although human and veterinary literature reviews show some effectiveness in management with corticosteroids, antihistamines, and antibiotics, a variety of serious and frequent side effects are associated with steroid therapy. As a result, steroids are relatively contraindicated for patients with diabetes mellitus and Cushing's syndrome. A five-year-old neutered male chow-chow with controlled diabetes was referred with an 18-month history of malodorous urine, gross haematuria, and dysuria that were nonresponsive to antibiotics. The findings on general examination were unremarkable except for abdominal suprapubic discomfort. The complete blood count and biochemical profile (such as urea and creatinine) were normal except for mild peripheral eosinophilia. Although ultrasonography, bladder contrast radiography, and urine cytology findings indicated malignancy, with the presence of atypical urothelial cells, histopathology confirmed eosinophilic cystitis. Management with cyclosporine was adequate with complete remission of haematuria. This case report presents the first reported successful use of cyclosporine for the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis in a dog with diabetes.(AU)

A cistite eosinofílica é uma doença inflamatória rara caracterizada por infiltração eosinofílica de todas as camadas da parede da bexiga. Essa enfermidade já foi descrita em adultos, crianças e cães. No entanto, não há um consenso de diretrizes sobre o seu tratamento. Mesmo que as literaturas humana e veterinária mostrem alguma eficácia no manejo com corticosteroides, anti-histamínicos e antibióticos, uma variedade de efeitos colaterais graves e frequentes está associada à terapia com esteroides. Dessa forma, o uso de esteroides é relativamente contraindicado para pacientes com diabetes mellitus e síndrome de Cushing, por exemplo. Um chow-chow, macho, castrado, de cinco anos e diabético estável foi encaminhado para atendimento com histórico de urina fétida, hematúria macroscópica e disúria não responsiva a antibióticos há 18 meses. A avaliação dos parâmetros físicos estava dentro dos padrões, exceto por desconforto abdominal suprapúbico à palpação. O hemograma e o perfil bioquímico (como a ureia e a creatinina) estavam dentro da normalidade para a espécie, exceto por eosinofilia periférica leve. Embora a ultrassonografia, a radiografia contrastada da bexiga e os achados da urinálise indicassem malignidade, com a presença de células uroteliais atípicas, a histopatologia confirmou o diagnóstico definitivo de cistite eosinofílica. O manejo com ciclosporina foi satisfatório, com ausência completa da hematúria. Este relato de caso apresenta o primeiro uso documentado de ciclosporina para o tratamento de cistite eosinofílica com sucesso em um cão com diabetes.(AU)

Reação imunológica decorrente a transfusão de concentrado de plaquetas em cão / Immunological reaction due to transfusion of platelet concentrate in dog

A transfusão de hemocomponente na medicina veterinária vem aumentando nos últimos anos, com isso aumenta-se também o potencial de reações transfusionais, que eventualmente podem ser fatais. Neste estudo, um cão de 3 meses de idade, fêmea, Sem Raça Definida com diagnóstico de hemoparasitose, realizado a partir de hemograma (anemia regenerativa com visualização de mórula de Ehrlichia canis em leucócitos e trombocitopenia de 80 mil plaquetas/dL) e ultrassonografia (hepatoesplenomegalia), foi encaminhado ao banco de sangue para ser submetido a transfusão de concentrado de plaquetas (CP), visto que apresentava petéquias, sufusões abdominais e havia sofrido alguns episódios de epistaxe. Após exame físico da paciente que se apresentava com parâmetros normais para a espécie, iniciou-se a transfusão do CP pela veia cefálica. Aos 30 minutos do início do procedimento documentou-se sialorréia intensa e eritema cutânea. A transfusão foi interrompida. Aplicou-se 0,5 mg/Kg de dexametasona por via intravenosa, 0,044 mg/Kg de atropina e 0,2 mg/Kg de prometazina ambos por via subcutânea, e em 40 minutos ocorreu normalização dos parâmetros clínicos. A transfusão de concentrado de plaquetas é um procedimento terapêutico e profilático importante no tratamento e prevenção de hemorragias, quando por deficiência numérica ou qualitativa das plaquetas. No entanto, riscos inerentes ao processo devem ser considerados, e expostos ao tutor. Contudo, descrevemos neste relato reação adversa em cão jovem (hipersensibilidade tipo 1) revertida com o uso imediato de corticosteróide associado a um antagonista colinérgico e anti-histaminico.

The transfusion of blood components in veterinary medicine has been increasing in recent years, thereby increasing the potential for transfusion reactions, which can eventually be fatal. In this study, a 3-month-old, female, Non-Breed dog diagnosed with hemoparasitosis, carried out using a complete blood count (regenerative anemia with visualization of Ehrlichia canis morula in leukocytes and thrombocytopenia of 80 thousand platelets/dL) and ultrasonography (hepatosplenomegaly), was referred to the blood bank to undergo a transfusion of platelet concentrate (PC), since she had petechiae, abdominal suffusions and had suffered some episodes of epistaxis. After physical examination of the patient who presented with normal parameters for the species, began the transfusion of PC through the cephalic vein. At 30 minutes from the beginning of the procedure, intense sialorrhea and skin erythema were documented. The transfusion was stopped, and 0.5 mg / kg of dexamethasone was applied intravenously, 0.044 mg / kg of atropine and 0.2 mg / kg of promethazine both subcutaneously. 40 minutes latter occurred normalization of clinical parameters. Platelet concentrate transfusion is an important therapeutic and prophylactic procedure in the treatment and prevention of bleeding, when due to numerical or qualitative platelet deficiency. However, risks inherent to the process must be considered, and exposed to the tutor. In this report, we describe an adverse reaction in a young dog (type 1 hypersensitivity) reversed with the immediate use of corticosteroids associated with a cholinergic and antihistamine antagonist.

Corticoterapia intralesional no tratamento de otohematoma em cães / Treating otohematomas in dogs with intra-lesional corticotherapy

Background: Otohematoma is common in dogs and is characterized by blood accumulation between the skin and cartilageof the outer ear. While the etiology is related to trauma, most cases have a predisposing condition. Treatment must drainthe hematoma and maintain appropriate skin apposition to the ear cartilage. Treatment can be surgical, but there are alsoconservative options such as puncture drainage, followed by intralesional injection of glucocorticoids. This alternativemethod is less invasive than surgery, with an equivalent success rate. This study aimed to describe intralesional injectionof corticosteroids for the treatment of dogs with otohematoma at a veterinary clinic.Materials, Methods & Results: Otohematoma was diagnosed and treated in 23 dogs (14 males and 9 females, weighing9.6 ± 2.7 kg) at a reference private veterinary clinic. The dogs were chemically restrained, and their ears were cleanedwith chlorhexidine. The lower face of each ear with otohematoma was then punctured with a needle coupled to a syringeto drain the liquid. Following drainage, the equipment was removed and the collected liquid volume was measured. A0.5 mg/kg dose of methylprednisolone acetate was prepared and diluted in saline (0.9% NaCl) to a volume equivalent to1/10 of the previously drained content volume from the otohematoma. The prepared solution was then injected into thedrained ear. Additionally, each patient was treated for the original cause of the otohematoma, according to conventionalprotocols. Eight animals (34.78%) had bilateral otohematoma and 15 (65.22%) presented with unilateral lesions. Leukocytosis was observed in most patients. Other laboratory alterations present in the studied dogs were thrombocytopenia,leukopenia, and anemia. Twenty (86.96%) patients presented with otitis externa. All patients were reassessed one weekafter the initial treatment, and 19 (82.60%) fully recovered. The remaining...

Reação imunológica decorrente a transfusão de concentrado de plaquetas em cão / Immunological reaction due to transfusion of platelet concentrate in dog

A transfusão de hemocomponente na medicina veterinária vem aumentando nos últimos anos, com isso aumenta-se também o potencial de reações transfusionais, que eventualmente podem ser fatais. Neste estudo, um cão de 3 meses de idade, fêmea, Sem Raça Definida com diagnóstico de hemoparasitose, realizado a partir de hemograma (anemia regenerativa com visualização de mórula de Ehrlichia canis em leucócitos e trombocitopenia de 80 mil plaquetas/dL) e ultrassonografia (hepatoesplenomegalia), foi encaminhado ao banco de sangue para ser submetido a transfusão de concentrado de plaquetas (CP), visto que apresentava petéquias, sufusões abdominais e havia sofrido alguns episódios de epistaxe. Após exame físico da paciente que se apresentava com parâmetros normais para a espécie, iniciou-se a transfusão do CP pela veia cefálica. Aos 30 minutos do início do procedimento documentou-se sialorréia intensa e eritema cutânea. A transfusão foi interrompida. Aplicou-se 0,5 mg/Kg de dexametasona por via intravenosa, 0,044 mg/Kg de atropina e 0,2 mg/Kg de prometazina ambos por via subcutânea, e em 40 minutos ocorreu normalização dos parâmetros clínicos. A transfusão de concentrado de plaquetas é um procedimento terapêutico e profilático importante no tratamento e prevenção de hemorragias, quando por deficiência numérica ou qualitativa das plaquetas. No entanto, riscos inerentes ao processo devem ser considerados, e expostos ao tutor. Contudo, descrevemos neste relato reação adversa em cão jovem (hipersensibilidade tipo 1) revertida com o uso imediato de corticosteróide associado a um antagonista colinérgico e anti-histaminico.(AU)

The transfusion of blood components in veterinary medicine has been increasing in recent years, thereby increasing the potential for transfusion reactions, which can eventually be fatal. In this study, a 3-month-old, female, Non-Breed dog diagnosed with hemoparasitosis, carried out using a complete blood count (regenerative anemia with visualization of Ehrlichia canis morula in leukocytes and thrombocytopenia of 80 thousand platelets/dL) and ultrasonography (hepatosplenomegaly), was referred to the blood bank to undergo a transfusion of platelet concentrate (PC), since she had petechiae, abdominal suffusions and had suffered some episodes of epistaxis. After physical examination of the patient who presented with normal parameters for the species, began the transfusion of PC through the cephalic vein. At 30 minutes from the beginning of the procedure, intense sialorrhea and skin erythema were documented. The transfusion was stopped, and 0.5 mg / kg of dexamethasone was applied intravenously, 0.044 mg / kg of atropine and 0.2 mg / kg of promethazine both subcutaneously. 40 minutes latter occurred normalization of clinical parameters. Platelet concentrate transfusion is an important therapeutic and prophylactic procedure in the treatment and prevention of bleeding, when due to numerical or qualitative platelet deficiency. However, risks inherent to the process must be considered, and exposed to the tutor. In this report, we describe an adverse reaction in a young dog (type 1 hypersensitivity) reversed with the immediate use of corticosteroids associated with a cholinergic and antihistamine antagonist.(AU)

Corticoterapia intralesional no tratamento de otohematoma em cães / Treating otohematomas in dogs with intra-lesional corticotherapy

Background: Otohematoma is common in dogs and is characterized by blood accumulation between the skin and cartilageof the outer ear. While the etiology is related to trauma, most cases have a predisposing condition. Treatment must drainthe hematoma and maintain appropriate skin apposition to the ear cartilage. Treatment can be surgical, but there are alsoconservative options such as puncture drainage, followed by intralesional injection of glucocorticoids. This alternativemethod is less invasive than surgery, with an equivalent success rate. This study aimed to describe intralesional injectionof corticosteroids for the treatment of dogs with otohematoma at a veterinary clinic.Materials, Methods & Results: Otohematoma was diagnosed and treated in 23 dogs (14 males and 9 females, weighing9.6 ± 2.7 kg) at a reference private veterinary clinic. The dogs were chemically restrained, and their ears were cleanedwith chlorhexidine. The lower face of each ear with otohematoma was then punctured with a needle coupled to a syringeto drain the liquid. Following drainage, the equipment was removed and the collected liquid volume was measured. A0.5 mg/kg dose of methylprednisolone acetate was prepared and diluted in saline (0.9% NaCl) to a volume equivalent to1/10 of the previously drained content volume from the otohematoma. The prepared solution was then injected into thedrained ear. Additionally, each patient was treated for the original cause of the otohematoma, according to conventionalprotocols. Eight animals (34.78%) had bilateral otohematoma and 15 (65.22%) presented with unilateral lesions. Leukocytosis was observed in most patients. Other laboratory alterations present in the studied dogs were thrombocytopenia,leukopenia, and anemia. Twenty (86.96%) patients presented with otitis externa. All patients were reassessed one weekafter the initial treatment, and 19 (82.60%) fully recovered. The remaining...(AU)

Eritema multiforme e suas características clínico-patológicas em um equino no Brasil / Erythema multiforme and its clinicopathological features in a horse in Brazil

Background: Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune-mediated skin disease which may manifest as cutaneous or mucocutaneous lesions. It is uncommon in horses. EM lesions have a symmetrical bilateral distribution; they are usually urticarial, necrotizing, and, less commonly, ulcerative. In equines, the trigger is usually unknown, and cases are often classified as idiopathic. Diagnosis is based on a thorough history and physical and histopathological examination of lesions. According to the clinical presentation and histopathological characteristics of the cutaneous lesions, this case is the first report to describe diagnosis and treatment of a horse with EM in Brazil. Case: A Quarter Horse filly was followed clinically for 12 months after sudden onset of skin lesions at 18 months of age. The initial lesions were non-alopecic papules with a symmetrical bilateral distribution. Six months after onset, the skin lesions maintained the original distribution pattern; however, they had progressed to papules and plaques with varying annular, arciform, serpiginous, targetoid, or alopecic appearance. At 8 months, the same distribution pattern and appearance remained, but the lesions had become more severe and extensive, with involvement of the labial commissures and perineal region, without any erosions/ulcerations, scaling/crusting, pain, or pruritus. At 12 months, new nodular lesions were found on the medial and lateral surfaces of the hind limbs, neck, bilateral trunk, and root of the tail. The lesions were firm, non-pruritic, and non-tender on palpation. Swabs were obtained from the papular lesions. Skin specimens were also obtained with a 6-mm punch and via incisional biopsy and histological sections were made. Bacterial and fungal cultures were negative. Appropriate stains did not identify fungal structures, were negative for acid-fast bacilli, and did not reveal any metachromatic granules in the sampled cell population. The histopathological findings were characteristic of immune-mediated disease, with a vacuolar interface dermatitis affecting the hair follicles more than the epidermis, necrotic keratinocytes, lymphocyte satellitosis, leukocytoclastic mixed vasculitis of the mid-dermis and deep dermis, and variable granulation tissue, consistent with erythema multiforme and leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and oral supplementation with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and vitamin E were prescribed. After institution of therapy, no new lesions developed, the existing lesions remained stable (though permanent), and hair regrew in the previously alopecic areas. All physiological parameters remained normal throughout the follow-up period. Discussion: Erythema multiforme is rarely reported in horses. According to our literature review, this is the first description of EM in horses in Brazil. EM should be included in the differential diagnosis of horses that present with plaques in a diverse, geographic distribution and a negative initial dermatological screening examination. Further clinical investigation is warranted, with special attention to potential antigenic triggers. A thorough drug and dietary history and close attention to comorbidities are essential, as the suppression of potential culprit factors has important prognostic value and contributes to the elucidation of EM triggers.(AU)

Anemia hemolítica imunomediada medicamentosa em uma cadela / Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in a bitch triggered by drugs

Background: Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is characterized by an autoimmune response with production of auto-antibodies and destruction of erythrocytes resulting in anemia. Primary IMHA is referred to a condition when the cause is unknown (idiopathic), whereas secondary IMHA involves changes in red blood cells caused by the action of drugs, neoplasms, or infectious diseases. The diagnosis can be made through changes in the blood count, usually of a regenerative character, Coombs test, and autoagglutination test. The present study aimed to report a case of drug-induced hemolytic anemia, with emphasis on the clinical signs, diagnostic methods, and treatment, in a female dog. Case: A 9-year-old mixed-breed bitch weighing 29.6 kg was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (HCVUFRGS) with a previous diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele that was unresponsive to clinical treatment. After laboratory tests, cholecystectomy was performed, and the procedure required conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. Therapy included administration of amoxicillin, dipyrone, tramadol hydrochloride, and meloxicam. Three days after surgery, the dog presented with apathy, lethargy, hyporexia, and a pale and subicteric mucosa. The patient developed hypochromic macrocytic anemia with reticulocytosis, spherocytosis, anisocytosis, and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. The result of the autoagglutination test was positive, confirming the diagnosis. All medications were suspended, and immunosuppressive treatment with dexamethasone was included, with a subsequent switch to prednisolone. After 10 days of treatment, the patient experienced significant improvement, and therapy was discontinued. Discussion: Based on the patient's history, the cause of the IMHA was secondary to drug administration, and it is not possible to distinguish if it was due to one or a combination of drugs, as they were all started and stopped simultaneously. The patient had hypothyroidism, which may have contributed to the production of antibodies against TSH receptors, blocking the hormone's action, thereby causing tissue damage due to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the effect of cytokines. The pale and subicteric mucosa, apathy, weakness, lethargy, exercise intolerance, and dyspnea resulted from extravascular hemolysis and bilirubin released from erythrocyte rupture with a subsequent decrease in the number of red blood cells, leading to oxygen transport deficiency. The diagnosis is based on the blood count and results of autoagglutination supported by the response to immunosuppressive therapy. Anemia results in increased production and release of precursor cells from the bone marrow, accompanied by reticulocytosis and increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The treatment of IMHA consists of supportive care and immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids to ensure suppression of the immune system, preventing response against erythrocytes. Initially, tramadol hydrochloride, dipyrone, and amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate were suspended to interrupt the cause of IMHA, and administration of dexamethasone in an immunosuppressive dose was started. Therefore, it is important to include drug-induced IMHA in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with anemia after using medications. Early diagnosis, initiation of therapy, and adequate care were important factors for the recovery of the animal.

Feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis: nonsteroidal vs corticosteroid topical treatment

Background: Feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis is a proliferative eye lesion of chronic aspect with usually unilateralpresentation that may initiate as a superficial vascularization that evolves to a proliferative, granular, irregular lesion ofwhitish-pink aspect. With its association with an immune-mediated response, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories do notappear to be efficient, although few studies describe its use. This case report describes a case of a feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis with its clinical evolution since the use of nonsteroidal topical anti-inflammatory drug in an undiagnosedpatient and the transition to a topical corticosteroid and cure after 14 days since diagnosis.Case: An 8-year-old female cat was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB),with main complaint being an eye injury with at least 36 days of evolution and unresponsive to treatment (topical tobramycin 0.3% every 12 h / ketorolac trometamol 0.5%/ every 12 h and ophthalmic lubricant/every 4 h). Since the patienthad free access to the street, the owners suspected of trauma-induced lesion. At physical examination, it was observed aproliferative lesion at the peri-limbal superotemporal quadrant of the right cornea with approximately 0.4 cm diameter,with color varying of pale to pink, with irregular surface and low vascularity, the adjacent conjunctiva was also affectedwith similar multiple nodular lesions (0.1 cm). Fluorescein test was negative as well as FIV/FeLV immunochromatographytesting. Feline herpesvirus investigation was not possible. The patient was anesthetized and a lesion specimen was acquiredwith a cotton swab scraping and a fine needle aspiration. Cytology showed predominance of eosinophils and mast cells,with rare corneal epithelial cells, with smear background containing mast cell...

Feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis: nonsteroidal vs corticosteroid topical treatment

Background: Feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis is a proliferative eye lesion of chronic aspect with usually unilateralpresentation that may initiate as a superficial vascularization that evolves to a proliferative, granular, irregular lesion ofwhitish-pink aspect. With its association with an immune-mediated response, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories do notappear to be efficient, although few studies describe its use. This case report describes a case of a feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis with its clinical evolution since the use of nonsteroidal topical anti-inflammatory drug in an undiagnosedpatient and the transition to a topical corticosteroid and cure after 14 days since diagnosis.Case: An 8-year-old female cat was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB),with main complaint being an eye injury with at least 36 days of evolution and unresponsive to treatment (topical tobramycin 0.3% every 12 h / ketorolac trometamol 0.5%/ every 12 h and ophthalmic lubricant/every 4 h). Since the patienthad free access to the street, the owners suspected of trauma-induced lesion. At physical examination, it was observed aproliferative lesion at the peri-limbal superotemporal quadrant of the right cornea with approximately 0.4 cm diameter,with color varying of pale to pink, with irregular surface and low vascularity, the adjacent conjunctiva was also affectedwith similar multiple nodular lesions (0.1 cm). Fluorescein test was negative as well as FIV/FeLV immunochromatographytesting. Feline herpesvirus investigation was not possible. The patient was anesthetized and a lesion specimen was acquiredwith a cotton swab scraping and a fine needle aspiration. Cytology showed predominance of eosinophils and mast cells,with rare corneal epithelial cells, with smear background containing mast cell...(AU)