Intestine vascularization of sloth (Bradypus variegatus SCHINZ, 1825) / Vascularização do intestino do bicho-preguiça (Bradypus variegatusSCHINZ, 1825)

Common sloth (Bradypus variegatus) is a mammal that belongs to the superorder Xenarthra, typical from neotropical regions, with geographic distribution from Honduras to northern Argentina. Our study aimed to describe the intestine blood supply of these Bradipodids in order to collaborate with the clinical-surgical for these animals. For that, ten animals, included four females and six males, were sampled from the collection of the Anatomy Division, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco DMFA/UFRPE. Corpses received formalin, preserved in saline solution and subsequently dissected for description of the cranial (AMCr) and caudal (AMC) mesenteric arteries. Sixty percent of sloths presented AMCr and AMC, cwhile 30% of them had intestines (small and large) irrigation from the common mesenteric artery (AMCo), an arterial trunk from which AMCr and AMC originated. For 10% of the specimens, the entire intestine was vascularized only by AMCr. Along the AMCr branches, there were arched arrangements, with arches size reductionat the level of the small intestine. Therefore, B. variegatus presents anatomical variations regarding the irrigation of the intestine, which can be made from AMCr and AMC, from the AMCo arterial trunk or to a lower frequency exclusively through AMCr branches.

A preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus)é um mamífero pertencente à superordem Xenarthra, típica de regiões neotropicais, com distribuição geográfica de Honduras ao norte da Argentina. O estudo teve como objetivo descrever o suprimento sanguíneo do intestinodestes Bradipodídeos, com o intuito de colaborar com a clínica-cirúrgica destes animais. Neste contexto, foram utilizados dez animais pertencentes ao acervo da Área de Anatomia do Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco DMFA/UFRPE, sendo quatro fêmeas e seis machos. Os cadáveres foram formolizados e conservados em solução salina e, posteriormente, dissecados para a descrição das artérias mesentéricas cranial (AMCr) e caudal (AMC). Diante disto, observou-se que 60% das preguiças apresentaram AMCr e AMC.Enquanto que, em 30% delas, a irrigação dos intestinos (delgado e grosso) se deu a partir da artéria mesentérica comum (AMCo), um tronco arterial do qual se originaram AMCr e AMC. E em 10% dos espécimes, todo intestino foi vascularizado unicamente pela AMCr. Ao longo das ramificações de AMCr percebeu-se arranjos arqueados, com diminuição do tamanho dos arcos ao nível do intestino delgado. Portanto, B. variegatusapresenta variações anatômicas quanto a irrigação do intestino, podendo esta ser feita a partir de AMCr e AMC, do tronco arterial AMCo ou numa menor frequência através exclusivamente de ramos de AMCr.

Intestine vascularization of sloth (Bradypus variegatus SCHINZ, 1825) / Vascularização do intestino do bicho-preguiça (Bradypus variegatusSCHINZ, 1825)

Common sloth (Bradypus variegatus) is a mammal that belongs to the superorder Xenarthra, typical from neotropical regions, with geographic distribution from Honduras to northern Argentina. Our study aimed to describe the intestine blood supply of these Bradipodids in order to collaborate with the clinical-surgical for these animals. For that, ten animals, included four females and six males, were sampled from the collection of the Anatomy Division, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco DMFA/UFRPE. Corpses received formalin, preserved in saline solution and subsequently dissected for description of the cranial (AMCr) and caudal (AMC) mesenteric arteries. Sixty percent of sloths presented AMCr and AMC, cwhile 30% of them had intestines (small and large) irrigation from the common mesenteric artery (AMCo), an arterial trunk from which AMCr and AMC originated. For 10% of the specimens, the entire intestine was vascularized only by AMCr. Along the AMCr branches, there were arched arrangements, with arches size reductionat the level of the small intestine. Therefore, B. variegatus presents anatomical variations regarding the irrigation of the intestine, which can be made from AMCr and AMC, from the AMCo arterial trunk or to a lower frequency exclusively through AMCr branches.(AU)

A preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus)é um mamífero pertencente à superordem Xenarthra, típica de regiões neotropicais, com distribuição geográfica de Honduras ao norte da Argentina. O estudo teve como objetivo descrever o suprimento sanguíneo do intestinodestes Bradipodídeos, com o intuito de colaborar com a clínica-cirúrgica destes animais. Neste contexto, foram utilizados dez animais pertencentes ao acervo da Área de Anatomia do Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco DMFA/UFRPE, sendo quatro fêmeas e seis machos. Os cadáveres foram formolizados e conservados em solução salina e, posteriormente, dissecados para a descrição das artérias mesentéricas cranial (AMCr) e caudal (AMC). Diante disto, observou-se que 60% das preguiças apresentaram AMCr e AMC.Enquanto que, em 30% delas, a irrigação dos intestinos (delgado e grosso) se deu a partir da artéria mesentérica comum (AMCo), um tronco arterial do qual se originaram AMCr e AMC. E em 10% dos espécimes, todo intestino foi vascularizado unicamente pela AMCr. Ao longo das ramificações de AMCr percebeu-se arranjos arqueados, com diminuição do tamanho dos arcos ao nível do intestino delgado. Portanto, B. variegatusapresenta variações anatômicas quanto a irrigação do intestino, podendo esta ser feita a partir de AMCr e AMC, do tronco arterial AMCo ou numa menor frequência através exclusivamente de ramos de AMCr.(AU)

Trombo tumoral na artéria mesentérica cranial secundária ao leiomiossarcoma intestinal / Tumoral thrombus in cranial mesenteric artery secondary to intestinal leiomyosarcoma

Background: Leiomyosarcoma is a non-encapsulated tumor, belonging to the group of soft tissue sarcomas and often invasive. This histological type comprises the most aggressive solid tumors and, because they respond poorly to therapy, are considered the worst prognosis. The dissemination of metastatic cells can occur mainly hematologically to the liver, lungs and bones or by direct invasion, but metastases to blood vessels are rare and surgery is the treatment of choice in most cases. This paper aims to report a rare case of tumor thrombus in the cranial mesenteric artery secondary to an intestinal leiomyosarcoma.Case: A 9-year-old female S.R.D dog presenting inappetence, evolving to anorexia, weight loss, anemia and vomiting for approximately 15 days was referred to the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Previous therapy at another clinic with three blood transfusions did not promote reversal of anemia. Ultrasonography revealed a nodule in the small intestine of seven cm in diameter and in the hemogram a hypochromic macrocytic anemia. Thoracic radiography did not reveal metastases. After a new blood transfusion, the patient was referred to an exploratory laparotomy, where the nodule was identified in the small intestine, which was cyanotic and two nodules in the cranial mesenteric artery, partially obstructing the local blood flow. Resection and intestinal anastomosis were performed from the final portion of the duodenum to the cecum, with ligation of the mesenteric artery and the nodules were sent for histopathological analysis. The animal presented a gradual improvement of the condition, with the introduction of liquid feeding on the second postoperative day. After these days, he presented hypochromic macrocytic anemia, with presence of Howell-Jolly corpuscle, spherocytes and icteric plasma, compatible with hemolytic anemia. Treatment with prednisone was started, with a worsening of the condition.[...]

Trombo tumoral na artéria mesentérica cranial secundária ao leiomiossarcoma intestinal / Tumoral thrombus in cranial mesenteric artery secondary to intestinal leiomyosarcoma

Background: Leiomyosarcoma is a non-encapsulated tumor, belonging to the group of soft tissue sarcomas and often invasive. This histological type comprises the most aggressive solid tumors and, because they respond poorly to therapy, are considered the worst prognosis. The dissemination of metastatic cells can occur mainly hematologically to the liver, lungs and bones or by direct invasion, but metastases to blood vessels are rare and surgery is the treatment of choice in most cases. This paper aims to report a rare case of tumor thrombus in the cranial mesenteric artery secondary to an intestinal leiomyosarcoma.Case: A 9-year-old female S.R.D dog presenting inappetence, evolving to anorexia, weight loss, anemia and vomiting for approximately 15 days was referred to the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Previous therapy at another clinic with three blood transfusions did not promote reversal of anemia. Ultrasonography revealed a nodule in the small intestine of seven cm in diameter and in the hemogram a hypochromic macrocytic anemia. Thoracic radiography did not reveal metastases. After a new blood transfusion, the patient was referred to an exploratory laparotomy, where the nodule was identified in the small intestine, which was cyanotic and two nodules in the cranial mesenteric artery, partially obstructing the local blood flow. Resection and intestinal anastomosis were performed from the final portion of the duodenum to the cecum, with ligation of the mesenteric artery and the nodules were sent for histopathological analysis. The animal presented a gradual improvement of the condition, with the introduction of liquid feeding on the second postoperative day. After these days, he presented hypochromic macrocytic anemia, with presence of Howell-Jolly corpuscle, spherocytes and icteric plasma, compatible with hemolytic anemia. Treatment with prednisone was started, with a worsening of the condition.[...](AU)

Anatomy of the abdominal aorta in the hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus, Lund, 1842) / Anatomia da aorta abdominal em raposa-do-campo (Lycalopex vetulus, Lund, 1842)

The hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus, Lund, 1842) is the smallest Brazilian canid, whose weight varies between 2 and 4 kg, has a slender body, a small head, and a short and blackened snout. Despite being considered an endemic species, little is known about the hoary fox as it is one of the seven less studied canids in the world. Thus, this study aimed to describe the anatomy of the abdominal aorta artery of the hoary fox and to compare it with the pre-established literature data in domestic canids. For this purpose, we used two adult hoary foxes without definite age. We collected the corpses of these animals along roadsides of Catalão-GO, being later fixed and conserved in a 10% formalin solution. The results showed that the abdominal aorta in hoary fox is at the ventral face of the lumbar region vertebral bodies, being slightly displaced to the left of the median plane. The first branch is visceral, named celiac artery, followed by a paired parietal branch: the phrenic abdominal arteries. The third and fourth branches are the cranial mesenteric arteries and the rightand left are the renal arteries, respectively. The posterior branches of the renal arteries are equally visceral, paired, being called testicular arteries. Distal to the latter, both the caudal mesenteric artery and deep circumflex iliac arteries originate. Finally, two large external iliac arteries and its terminal br

A raposa-do-campo (Lycalopex vetulus) é o menor canídeo brasileiro, cujo peso varia entre 2 e 4 quilos, possui corpo esguio, a cabeça é pequena, focinho curto e enegrecido. Considerada uma espécie endêmica, pouco se sabe a seu respeito, e é um dos sete canídeos menos estudados no mundo. Assim, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de descrever a anatomia da parte abdominal da artéria aorta em raposa-do-campo e comparar com dados literários pré-estabelecidos de canídeos domésticos. Para a realização deste estudo foram utilizados dois exemplares de raposa-do-campo, adultos, sem idade definida. Os cadáveres dos animais foram recolhidos às margens de rodovias no entorno da Catalão-Goiás, fixados em solução aquosa de formol a 10% e conservados na mesma solução. Os resultados mostraram que a aorta abdominal da raposa-do-campo está localizada sobre a face ventral dos corpos vertebrais da região lombar, levemente deslocada para a esquerda do plano mediano. O primeiro ramo é visceral, denominado artéria celíaca, seguido por um ramoparietal, pareado, as artérias frênico-abdominais. O terceiro e quarto ramos são a artéria mesentérica caudal e as artérias renais direita e esquerda, respectivamente. Os ramos posteriores das artérias renais são igualmente viscerais, pareados, denominados artérias testiculares. Distal à essas últimas, originam-se a artéria mesentérica caudal e as artérias circunf

Anatomy of the abdominal aorta in the hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus, Lund, 1842) / Anatomia da aorta abdominal em raposa-do-campo (Lycalopex vetulus, Lund, 1842)

The hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus, Lund, 1842) is the smallest Brazilian canid, whose weight varies between 2 and 4 kg, has a slender body, a small head, and a short and blackened snout. Despite being considered an endemic species, little is known about the hoary fox as it is one of the seven less studied canids in the world. Thus, this study aimed to describe the anatomy of the abdominal aorta artery of the hoary fox and to compare it with the pre-established literature data in domestic canids. For this purpose, we used two adult hoary foxes without definite age. We collected the corpses of these animals along roadsides of Catalão-GO, being later fixed and conserved in a 10% formalin solution. The results showed that the abdominal aorta in hoary fox is at the ventral face of the lumbar region vertebral bodies, being slightly displaced to the left of the median plane. The first branch is visceral, named celiac artery, followed by a paired parietal branch: the phrenic abdominal arteries. The third and fourth branches are the cranial mesenteric arteries and the rightand left are the renal arteries, respectively. The posterior branches of the renal arteries are equally visceral, paired, being called testicular arteries. Distal to the latter, both the caudal mesenteric artery and deep circumflex iliac arteries originate. Finally, two large external iliac arteries and its terminal(AU)

A raposa-do-campo (Lycalopex vetulus) é o menor canídeo brasileiro, cujo peso varia entre 2 e 4 quilos, possui corpo esguio, a cabeça é pequena, focinho curto e enegrecido. Considerada uma espécie endêmica, pouco se sabe a seu respeito, e é um dos sete canídeos menos estudados no mundo. Assim, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de descrever a anatomia da parte abdominal da artéria aorta em raposa-do-campo e comparar com dados literários pré-estabelecidos de canídeos domésticos. Para a realização deste estudo foram utilizados dois exemplares de raposa-do-campo, adultos, sem idade definida. Os cadáveres dos animais foram recolhidos às margens de rodovias no entorno da Catalão-Goiás, fixados em solução aquosa de formol a 10% e conservados na mesma solução. Os resultados mostraram que a aorta abdominal da raposa-do-campo está localizada sobre a face ventral dos corpos vertebrais da região lombar, levemente deslocada para a esquerda do plano mediano. O primeiro ramo é visceral, denominado artéria celíaca, seguido por um ramoparietal, pareado, as artérias frênico-abdominais. O terceiro e quarto ramos são a artéria mesentérica caudal e as artérias renais direita e esquerda, respectivamente. Os ramos posteriores das artérias renais são igualmente viscerais, pareados, denominados artérias testiculares. Distal à essas últimas, originam-se a artéria mesentérica caudal(AU)

Anatomy of the abdominal aorta in the hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus,Lund, 1842) / Anatomia da aorta abdominal em raposa-do-campo (Lycalopex vetulus, Lund, 1842)

The hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus,Lund, 1842) is the smallest Brazilian canid, whose weight varies between 2 and 4 kg, has a slender body, a small head, and a short and blackened snout. Despite being considered an endemic species, little is known about the hoary fox as it is one of the seven less studied canids in the world. Thus, this study aimed to describe the anatomy of the abdominal aorta artery of the hoary fox and to compare it with the pre-established literature data in domestic canids. For this purpose, we used two adult hoary foxes without definite age. We collected the corpses of these animals along roadsides of Catalão-GO, being later fixed and conserved in a 10% formalin solution. The results showed that the abdominal aorta in hoary fox is at the ventral face of the lumbar region vertebral bodies, being slightly displaced to the left of the median plane. The first branch is visceral, named celiac artery, followed by a paired parietal branch: the phrenic abdominal arteries. The third and fourth branches are the cranial mesenteric arteries and the right and left are the renal arteries, respectively. The posterior branches of the renal arteries are equally visceral, paired, being called testicular arteries. Distal to the latter, both the caudal mesenteric artery and deep circumflex iliac arteries originate. Finally, two large external iliac arteries and its terminal branches composed of internal iliac arteries and the median sacral artery originate. In addition, five pairs of lumbar arteries originate alongside the abdominal segment of the aorta. Considering these findings, it is possible to conclude that despite the hoary fox being a wild animal, the anatomy of its abdominal aorta is very similar to that of domestic canids.(AU)

A raposa-do-campo (Lycalopex vetulus,Lund, 1842) é o menor canídeo brasileiro, cujo peso varia entre 2 e 4 quilos, possui corpo esguio, a cabeça é pequena, focinho curto e enegrecido. Considerada uma espécie endêmica, pouco se sabe a seu respeito, e é um dos sete canídeos menos estudados no mundo. Assim, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de descrever a anatomia da parte abdominal da artéria aorta em raposa-do-campo e comparar com dados literários pré-estabelecidos de canídeos domésticos. Para a realização deste estudo foram utilizados dois exemplares de raposa-do-campo, adultos, sem idade definida. Os cadáveres dos animais foram recolhidos às margens de rodovias no entorno da Catalão-Goiás, fixados em solução aquosa de formol a 10% e conservados na mesma solução. Os resultados mostraram que a aorta abdominal da raposa-do-campo está localizada sobre a face ventral dos corpos vertebrais da região lombar, levemente deslocada para a esquerda do plano mediano. O primeiro ramo é visceral, denominado artéria celíaca, seguido por um ramo parietal, pareado, as artérias frênico-abdominais. O terceiro e quarto ramos são a artéria mesentérica caudal e as artérias renais direita e esquerda, respectivamente. Os ramos posteriores das artérias renais são igualmente viscerais, pareados, denominados artérias testiculares. Distal à essas últimas, originam-se a artéria mesentérica caudal e as artérias circunflexas ilíacas profundas. Finalmente surgem duas grandes artérias ilíacas externas e os ramos terminais compostos pelas artérias ilíacas internas e artéria sacral mediana. Ao longo do trajeto da aorta abdominal, cinco pares de artérias lombares se originam da face dorsal. Considerando esses achados, pode ser concluído que a anatomia da aorta abdominal da raposa-do-campo é muito similar àquela de canídeos domésticos, embora ela seja um animal silvestre. (AU)

Morfometria da artéria celíaca e seus ramos, artéria mesentérica cranial e caudal em caninos domésticos (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: canivora: canidae).

Objetivou-se com o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, realizar a morfometria da artéria celíaca e de seus ramos, artéria mesentérica cranial e caudal em caninos domésticos. Para realização do presente estudo foram utilizados dez cadáveres de caninos, sendo quatro animais do sexo feminino e seis do sexo masculino, ambos sem raça definida e de idades variadas. Para a fixação dos cadáveres foi infundido solução de formaldeído a 10% pela artéria carótida comum esquerda, seguida de aplicações intramusculares, subcutâneas e submersão em tanque contendo a mesma solução fixadora, por período de 48 horas. Após o tempo de fixação, os animais foram colocados em decúbito lateral esquerdo, sendo realizada celiotomia por incisão paramediana longitudinal xifo-púbica. Com o paquímetro digital foi realizado a morfometria da artéria celíaca e de seus ramos, mesentérica cranial e caudal, em 4 pontos ( P1= Hiato aórtico /eminência da Artéria Celíaca ;P2= Eminência da Artéria celíaca/bifurcação ou trifurcação; P3=Artéria celíaca/Eminência da Artéria mesentérica cranial;P4=Artéria mesentérica cranial / Eminência Artéria mesentérica Caudal). Após aferição do peso médio dos animais, estes variaram entre 7,4kg a 24,4 kg com um a média de 15,42± 4,53 kg quanto a mensuração biométrica longitudinal obteve-se de média nos pontos P1; P2; P3 e P4 respectivamente os valores de 12,10mm; 14,83mm; 10,23mm e 70,41mm; o ponto P1 em 100%(dez) originaram-se da face ventral da A. aorta abdominal. A observação do P2 apenas um animal do sexo feminino 10% (01/10), apresentou uma trifurcação da a. celíaca em ramos gástrico, esplênico e hepático. Concluiu-se que a morfometria da origem dessas artérias são variadas e que corrobora com os autores citados. Entretanto, a identificação da trifurcação na artéria celíaca mostra que mesmo identificada é pouco relatada dificultando assim uma maior disseminação dessa informação e de outras possíveis variações arteriais. Sendo necessários mais estudos para maior mensuração e precisão dessas variações morfométricas.

The goal of the present study was to perform the morphometric analysis of the celiac artery and its arterial branches, cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in dogs. Ten crossbreed canine cadavers of different ages, four females and six males, were used. The cadavers were initially fixed with 10% formaldehyde solution through left carotid artery, followed by subcutaneous and intramuscular injections of fixative solution and immersion in fixative solution during 48 hours. After finished fixation, the cadavers were positioned in left-side decubitus, xipho-pubic laparotomy was performed. A digital pachymeter was used to assess the celiac artery and its arterial branches, cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries morphometry in four areas: P1= aortic hiatus/celiac artery eminence; P2= celiac artery eminence/bifurcation or trifurcation; P3=Celiac artery/Cranial mesenteric artery eminence; P4= Cranial mesenteric artery/Caudal mesenteric artery eminence. After animal weight determination, between 7.4kg to 24.4 kg ( mean 15.42± 4.53 kg), the longitudinal average at P1, P2, P3, and P4 were 12.10mm, 14.83mm, 10.23mm, and 70.41mm; respectively. In all the cases (100%) the P1 area emerged from the ventral part of the abdominal aorta. Only one female dog (10%) presented a trifurcation of gastric branches of celiac artery in gastric, splenic, and hepatic branches. It was concluded that the morphometric origin of these arteries varies, supporting previous studies. However, celiac artery trifurcation, although identified, is not commonly reported, which difficult the information dissemination, being necessary more studies to increase the accuracy of morphometric variations.

Origem e principais ramificações das artérias mesentéricas cranial e caudal em avestruz (Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758) / Origin and main ramifications of the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in ostrich (Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758)

As artérias mesentéricas das aves são importantes para a irrigação do aparelho digestório e encontram-se associadas ao ganho de peso e conversão alimentar. Objetivou-se descrever as origens, esqueletopias, medidas e principais ramificações das artérias mesentéricas cranial e caudal em avestruzes. Foram utilizados 41 cadáveres de filhotes de avestruzes, 23 machos e 18 fêmeas, obtidos de um criadouro após morte natural. Os cadáveres foram fixados com formaldeído a 10% e tiveram o sistema vascular preenchido com Petrolatex® S-65 colorido. As artérias mesentéricas, cranial e caudal e seus ramos proximais foram dissecados "in situ" e medidas com paquímetro digital. A artéria mesentérica cranial teve comprimento médio de 3,68 ± 1,04 cm e surgiu da aorta descendente ao nível da oitava vértebra torácica na maioria dos casos. Ramificou-se em artérias jejunal e ileocecal. A artéria jejunal ofereceu média de 14,04 ±2,08 ramos ao jejuno e a artéria ileocecal originou um ramo retal e outro que se bifurcou para derivar ramos para íleo, ceco e reto. Em um espécime macho a artéria ileocecal foi ramo da artéria celíaca. A artéria mesentérica caudal originou-se na porção terminal da aorta descendente predominantemente ao nível das 4ª e 6ª vértebras sacro-caudais. Perto da extremidade caudal do rim emitiu os ramos cranial e caudal. O primeiro irrigou o reto e anastomosou-se com ramo retal da artéria mesentérica cranial; o segundo irrigou a porção final do reto, cloaca e bolsa cloacal. Não houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre as medidas, esqueletopia e número de ramificações das artérias entre os sexos.(AU)

The mesenteric arteries of birds are important for the irrigation of the digestive tract and are associated with weight gain and food conversion. This study aimed to describe the origins, skeletopy, measures and main branches of cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in ostriches. Forty-one cadavers of ostrich chicks, 23 males and 18 females, obtained from a farmer after natural death. The cadavers were fixed with 10% formaldehyde solution and their vascular system was filled with colored Petrolatex® S-65. The cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries and its proximal branches were dissected in situ and measured with a digital caliper. The mesenteric artery had an average length of 3.68cm±1.04 and emerged from the descending aorta at the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra in most cases; it branched into jejunal and ileocecal arteries. The jejunal artery sent a mean of 14 (14.04±2.08) branches to the jejunum. The ileocecal artery sent a rectal branch and another branch that irrigated ileum, cecum and rectum. In a male specimen the ileocecal artery was originated from the celiac artery. The caudal mesenteric artery emerged in the terminal portion of the descending aorta predominantly at the level of the 4th and 6th sacrocaudal vertebrae. Near the caudal end of the kidney it issued the cranial and caudal branches. The first irrigated the rectum and anastomosed with the rectal branch of the cranial mesenteric artery; the second irrigated the final part of the rectum, cloaca and cloacal bursa. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) between measurements, skeletopy and number of branches of the arteries between genders.(AU)

Origem e principais ramificações das artérias mesentéricas cranial e caudal em avestruz (Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758) / Origin and main ramifications of the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in ostrich (Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758)

The mesenteric arteries of birds are important for the irrigation of the digestive tract and are associated with weight gain and food conversion. This study aimed to describe the origins, skeletopy, measures and main branches of cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in ostriches. Forty-one cadavers of ostrich chicks, 23 males and 18 females, obtained from a farmer after natural death. The cadavers were fixed with 10% formaldehyde solution and their vascular system was filled with colored Petrolatex® S-65. The cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries and its proximal branches were dissected in situ and measured with a digital caliper. The mesenteric artery had an average length of 3.68 cm±1.04 and emerged from the descending aorta at the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra in most cases; it branched into jejunal and ileocecal arteries. The jejunal artery sent a mean of 14 (14.04±2.08) branches to the jejunum. The ileocecal artery sent a rectal branch and another branch that irrigated ileum, cecum and rectum. In a male specimen the ileocecal artery was originated from the celiac artery. The caudal mesenteric artery emerged in the terminal portion of the descending aorta predominantly at the level of the 4th and 6th sacrocaudal vertebrae. Near the caudal end of the kidney it issued the cranial and caudal branches. The first irrigated the rectum and anastomosed with the rectal branch of the cranial mesenteric artery; the second irrigated the final part of the rectum, cloaca and cloacal bursa. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) between measurements, skeletopy and number of branches of the arteries between genders.(AU)

As artérias mesentéricas das aves são importantes para a irrigação do aparelho digestório e encontram-se associadas ao ganho de peso e conversão alimentar. Objetivou-se descrever as origens, esqueletopias, medidas e principais ramificações das artérias mesentéricas cranial e caudal em avestruzes. Foram utilizados 41 cadáveres de filhotes de avestruzes, 23 machos e 18 fêmeas, obtidos de um criadouro após morte natural. Os cadáveres foram fixados com formaldeído a 10% e tiveram o sistema vascular preenchido com Petrolatex® S-65 colorido. As artérias mesentéricas, cranial e caudal e seus ramos proximais foram dissecados "in situ" e medidas com paquímetro digital. A artéria mesentérica cranial teve comprimento médio de 3,68 ± 1,04 cm e surgiu da aorta descendente ao nível da oitava vértebra torácica na maioria dos casos. Ramificou-se em artérias jejunal e ileocecal. A artéria jejunal ofereceu média de 14,04 ±2,08 ramos ao jejuno e a artéria ileocecal originou um ramo retal e outro que se bifurcou para derivar ramos para íleo, ceco e reto. Em um espécime macho a artéria ileocecal foi ramo da artéria celíaca. A artéria mesentérica caudal originou-se na porção terminal da aorta descendente predominantemente ao nível das 4ª e 6ª vértebras sacro-caudais. Perto da extremidade caudal do rim emitiu os ramos cranial e caudal. O primeiro irrigou o reto e anastomosou-se com ramo retal da artéria mesentérica cranial; o segundo irrigou a porção final do reto, cloaca e bolsa cloacal. Não houve diferença significativa (p < 0,05) entre as medidas, esqueletopia e número de ramificações das artérias entre os sexos.(AU)

RAMOS AÓRTICOS E RETE MIRABILE DOS MEMBROS LOCOMOTORES DE Choloepus didactylus

Choloepus didactylus, também conhecida como preguiça-real é a maior espécie da Família Megalonychidae, e apresenta como uma de suas principais características apenas dois dedos nos membros torácicos. Por sua vez, as artérias transportam o sangue a todo corpo sob alta pressão, devido isso possuem paredes vasculares extremamente fortes. Já,a Rete mirabile é formada por uma rede de artérias e veias com a função de um sistema de troca de calor contracorrente e manutenção da temperatura. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se identificar e descrever os ramos aórticos e rete mirabile dos membros locomotores de Choloepus didactylus. Para isso, foram utilizados seis espécimes de Choloepus didactylus, cinco fêmeas e um macho, que tiveram suas artérias e veias, dissecadas, contrastadas com sulfato de bário e injetadas látex com pigmento vermelho e azul, respectivamente. Em um indivíduo não houve injeção de látex e foram retirados fragmentos da rete mirabile dos membros locomotores para análise histológica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Como resultado, as dissecações dos espécimes revelaram que o arco aórtico apresentou duas ramificações, o tronco braquiocefálico e a artéria subclávia esquerda em todos os indivíduos. A aorta torácica ao atravessar o hiato aórtico adentrou a cavidade abdominal e a primeira artéria que surgiu em todos os indivíduos foi a artéria frênica caudal. Foram encontrados quatro tipos de ramificações distintas na porção inicial da aorta abdominal. No primeiro modelo o tronco celíaco foi o primeiro a surgir seguido pela artéria mesentérica cranial. No segundo modelo observamos a artéria gástrica surgindo separada do tronco celíaco e, na sequência duas artérias mesentéricas craniais. O terceiro modelo apresentou como primeira ramificação a artéria gástrica, separada do tronco celíaco e apenas uma artéria mesentérica cranial. No quarto modelo a artéria gástrica surgiu separada do tronco celíaco, e este surgiu dividido desde a sua base entre artéria hepática e esplênica, em seguida surgiu apenas uma artéria mesentérica cranial. Histologicamente, a rete mirabile de C. didactylus revelou que, em ambos os membros, torácicos e pélvicos, as artérias musculares eram circundadas por múltiplas artérias de menor calibre, bem como veias, tecido nervoso e vasos linfáticos em íntima aposição. Por fim, a preguiça real possui alguns ramos aórticos diferentes quando comparado aos membros da Superordem Xenarthra. Estudos futuros, baseados na frequência de aparição dessas variações vasculares, poderão elucidar as suas classificações, sendo sugerido a princípio serem variações anatômicas sem relação com o sexo ou idade. A rete mirabile demonstrou ser uma fonte de armazenamento sanguíneo durante contrações musculares prolongadas e permite a troca de calor contracorrente, já que não há mistura de sangue venoso e arterial.

Choloepus didactylus, also known as two toed sloth, is the largest species of the Family Megalonychidae, and has as one of its main characteristics only two fingers on the thoracic limbs. Furthermore, the arteries carry blood to the entire body under high pressure, which is why they have extremely strong vascular walls. The rete mirabile is formed by a network of arteries and veins with the function of a countercurrent heat exchange and temperature maintenance system. Given the reasons above, the aim was to identify and to describe the aortic and rete mirabile branches of the locomotor limbs of Choloepus didactylus. For this, six specimens of Choloepus didactylus, five females and one male were used, which had their arteries and veins dissected, contrasted with barium sulfate and injected with latex in red and blue pigment, respectively. In one individual there was no latex injection and fragments of the rete mirabile were removed from the locomotor limbs for histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy. As a result, dissections of the specimens revealed that the aortic arch had two branches, the brachiocephalic trunk and a left subclavian artery in all the individuals. The thoracic aorta, when crossed the aortic hiatus, entered the abdominal cavity and the first artery that appeared in all the animals was the caudal phrenic artery. Four types of distinct branches were found in the initial portion of the abdominal aorta. In the first model, the celiac trunk was the first to appear, followed by the cranial mesenteric artery. In the second model, we observe the gastric artery emerging separately from the celiac trunk and, subsequently, two cranial mesenteric arteries. The third model presented as the first branching the gastric artery, separated from the celiac trunk and followed by only a cranial mesenteric artery. In the fourth model, the gastric artery appeared separated from the celiac trunk, and it appeared divided from its base between the hepatic and splenic arteries, followed by only a cranial mesenteric artery. Histologically, the rete mirabile of C. didactylus revealed that, in both limbs, thoracic and pelvic, the muscular arteries were surrounded by multiple arteries of smaller caliber, as well as veins, nervous tissue and lymphatic vessels in close apposition. Finally, the two toed sloth has different aortic branches when compared to members of the Xenarthra Superorder. Future studies, based on the frequency of appearance of these vascular variations will elucidate their classifications, with anatomical variations being suggested for now and it was not related to sex or age of the animals. The rete mirabile shows to be a source of blood storage during prolonged muscle contractions and allows the exchange of countercurrent heat, since there is no mixture of venous and arterials blood.

Sedation effect of acepromazine and butorphanol in dopplervelocimetric parameters in great abdominal arteries and femoral artery in dogs / Efeito da sedação com acepromazina e butorfanol nos parâmetros dopplervelocimétricos de grandes artérias abdominais e da femoral em cães

Background: Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that allows vascular anatomical and dynamics evaluation. Each artery has flow velocity profiles and different Doppler spectrum. The purpose of this study was to determine if sedation with acepromazine and butorphanol in dogs alters Doppler velocimetric values and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries of healthy dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty healthy female dogs, aged 1 to 5 years, with body weight ranging from 10 to 25 kg, were evaluated with Doppler ultrasound in order to obtain: peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, time average medium velocity, time average maximum velocity, resistive index, pulsatility index, and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries. The same animals were sedated with acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and buthorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) and the same parameters were reevaluated. The heart rate was also measured. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of UFRGS, under the 25552 protocol, and the owners signed an informed consent form. Statistical analysis was performed with pared t test.The heart rate was statistically significant different, 98 ± 20.13 bpm before and 79 ± 17.74 after sedation. The exam was done before and after [...](AU)

Sedation effect of acepromazine and butorphanol in dopplervelocimetric parameters in great abdominal arteries and femoral artery in dogs / Efeito da sedação com acepromazina e butorfanol nos parâmetros dopplervelocimétricos de grandes artérias abdominais e da femoral em cães

Background: Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that allows vascular anatomical and dynamics evaluation. Each artery has flow velocity profiles and different Doppler spectrum. The purpose of this study was to determine if sedation with acepromazine and butorphanol in dogs alters Doppler velocimetric values and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries of healthy dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty healthy female dogs, aged 1 to 5 years, with body weight ranging from 10 to 25 kg, were evaluated with Doppler ultrasound in order to obtain: peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, time average medium velocity, time average maximum velocity, resistive index, pulsatility index, and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries. The same animals were sedated with acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and buthorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) and the same parameters were reevaluated. The heart rate was also measured. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of UFRGS, under the 25552 protocol, and the owners signed an informed consent form. Statistical analysis was performed with pared t test.The heart rate was statistically significant different, 98 ± 20.13 bpm before and 79 ± 17.74 after sedation. The exam was done before and after [...]

Cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in the yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii) / Artérias mesentéricas cranial e caudal do preá (Galea spixii)

Background: The yellow-toothed cavy is a wild rodent in the Caviidae family. It adapts well to captivity and may, in thenear future, be bred on a large scale as an alternative source of low cost protein of high nutritional value. Considering thelack of information available on the vascularization of this species digestive system, and with the aim of contributing tothe body of knowledge of this species biology, this study describes the origin and distribution of the cranial and caudalmesenteric arteries of the yellow-toothed cavy.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty male yellow-toothed cavies, previously used in other experiments (CEUA N.15/2014 and Process N° 23.091.000653/2014-26), were kept in a freezer at the Center for the Multiplication of WildAnimals (CEMAS / UFERSA). The animals were thawed, after which the thoracic aorta of each specimen was caudallycannulated and injected with red- or yellow-colored latex solution. The animals were then fixed in 10% formaldehydesolution, and dissected after 48 h, during which the branches of the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries were described.In all cases, the cranial mesenteric artery arised from the section of abdominal aorta, at the section between the first andsecond lumbar vertebra, near the celiac artery, and it includes the following arterial branches: the caudal pancreatic duodenal, middle colic, duodenojejunal and right colic arteries, as well as eight to eleven jejune arteries, and the ileocecocolictrunk, from which extend one or two colic branches, five to seven cecum branches, and the ileal artery. In all animals, thecranial mesenteric artery originates from the abdominal aorta, posterior to the testicular arteries...(AU)

Cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in the yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii) / Artérias mesentéricas cranial e caudal do preá (Galea spixii)

Background: The yellow-toothed cavy is a wild rodent in the Caviidae family. It adapts well to captivity and may, in thenear future, be bred on a large scale as an alternative source of low cost protein of high nutritional value. Considering thelack of information available on the vascularization of this species’ digestive system, and with the aim of contributing tothe body of knowledge of this species’ biology, this study describes the origin and distribution of the cranial and caudalmesenteric arteries of the yellow-toothed cavy.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty male yellow-toothed cavies, previously used in other experiments (CEUA N.15/2014 and Process N° 23.091.000653/2014-26), were kept in a freezer at the Center for the Multiplication of WildAnimals (CEMAS / UFERSA). The animals were thawed, after which the thoracic aorta of each specimen was caudallycannulated and injected with red- or yellow-colored latex solution. The animals were then fixed in 10% formaldehydesolution, and dissected after 48 h, during which the branches of the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries were described.In all cases, the cranial mesenteric artery arised from the section of abdominal aorta, at the section between the first andsecond lumbar vertebra, near the celiac artery, and it includes the following arterial branches: the caudal pancreatic duodenal, middle colic, duodenojejunal and right colic arteries, as well as eight to eleven jejune arteries, and the ileocecocolictrunk, from which extend one or two colic branches, five to seven cecum branches, and the ileal artery. In all animals, thecranial mesenteric artery originates from the abdominal aorta, posterior to the testicular arteries...

Techniques for anatomical preparation of dried viscera and angioarchitecture of cranial mesenteric artery branching of dogs and cats / Técnicas anatômicas de preparação de vísceras secas e de angioarquitetura para visualização da ramificação da artéria mesentérica cranial em cães e gatos

Background: The study of the arterial vascularization of the abdominal cavity viscera is essential on the process of learning anatomy. For authors, various anatomical techniques can be used for the preservation of structures, allowing the exploration and visualization of the organs shape in many different ways. Among the techniques there is the angioarchitecture of viscera, with or without the utilization of formaldehyde. The aim of this paper is to describe a technique for anatomical preparation of the intestines (small and large) of dogs and cats using dried viscera and angioarchitecture, to facilitate the study and visualization of the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries branching.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty pieces of intestine of dogs and two of cats were used. The intestine was removed from the duodenum to the cranial portion of the rectum, the root of the mesentery was sectioned as well as the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries. The part was washed, then the caudal and cranial mesenteric and pancreaticoduodenal arteries were ligated, latex was injected in the cranial mesenteric artery and the sample remained immersed in a 10% acetic acid aqueous solution. The cranial portion of the rectum was ligated and, through a cannula into the duodenum, air was insufflated until the viscera were distended. Following that, the part was positioned and fixed, exposed...(AU)

Techniques for anatomical preparation of dried viscera and angioarchitecture of cranial mesenteric artery branching of dogs and cats / Técnicas anatômicas de preparação de vísceras secas e de angioarquitetura para visualização da ramificação da artéria mesentérica cranial em cães e gatos

Background: The study of the arterial vascularization of the abdominal cavity viscera is essential on the process of learning anatomy. For authors, various anatomical techniques can be used for the preservation of structures, allowing the exploration and visualization of the organs shape in many different ways. Among the techniques there is the angioarchitecture of viscera, with or without the utilization of formaldehyde. The aim of this paper is to describe a technique for anatomical preparation of the intestines (small and large) of dogs and cats using dried viscera and angioarchitecture, to facilitate the study and visualization of the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries branching.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty pieces of intestine of dogs and two of cats were used. The intestine was removed from the duodenum to the cranial portion of the rectum, the root of the mesentery was sectioned as well as the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries. The part was washed, then the caudal and cranial mesenteric and pancreaticoduodenal arteries were ligated, latex was injected in the cranial mesenteric artery and the sample remained immersed in a 10% acetic acid aqueous solution. The cranial portion of the rectum was ligated and, through a cannula into the duodenum, air was insufflated until the viscera were distended. Following that, the part was positioned and fixed, exposed...

ESTUDO DA ANATOMIA DO SISTEMA ARTERIAL DE TUCANUÇU (Ramphastos toco albogularis Cabanis, 1862)

O Tucanuçu, também conhecido como Tucano toco (Ramphastos toco albogularis Cabanis , 1862 ) é uma espécie da Ordem Piciforme, Família Ramphastidae que representam um dos símbolos das florestas tropicais. Estudos descritivos de sua Anatomia são escassos. O Sistema Circulatório é, sem duvida, de fundamental importância para a sobrevivencia e bem estar de qualquer animal. O seu estudo é crucial para o conhecimento da biologia do individuo, principalmente em se tratando de ave silvestre onde os estudos morfológicos são raros, ainda que importantes, não apenas para o conhecimento da biologia dos mesmo, mas, podendo contribuir sobremaneira, para a implantação de programas de conservação e preservação da espécie e do próprio ecossistema. Dessa forma, no presente trabalho, é realizada o estudo e descrição das artérias que vascularizam a maior parte do canal alimentar de Tucanuçu. O estudo é fracionado em quatro capítulos, sendo uma introdução e três artigos: Suprimento sanguineo da Cloaca e Bolsa cloacal; Origem e distribuição das artérias mesentérica cranial e caudal e Origem e distribuição da artéria celíaca. A metodologia utilizada é baseada em procedimentos de dissecação usuais em Anatomia Macroscópica, incluindo a injeção de látex colorido nas artérias, como forma de melhor visualização das mesmas. São utilizados 8 exemplares de Tucanuçu (Rhamphastos toco albogularis Cabanis, 1862), adultos, porém sem idade definida, procedentes do CETAS- Catalão. Os resultados indicam características vasculares similares àquelas descritas em aves domésticas e outras aves silvestres, sendo quase impossivel identificar um padrão vascular, tão grande é a variabilidade de ramos dos referidos vasos. Os resultados são documentados em fotografias, com a utilização de uma câmera Cyber Shot 7.2 mp.

The Tucanuçu also known as Tucano toco (Ramphastos toco albogularis - Cabanis, 1862) is a specie of the Piciform Order, Family Ramphastidae that represent one of the symbols of tropical forests. Descriptive studies of its Anatomy are scarce. The Circulatory System is, without a doubt, of fundamental importance for the survival and well being of any animal. Its study is crucial for the knowledge of the individual's biology, especially in the case of wild birds where morphological studies are rare, although important, not only for the knowledge of the biology of the same, but, being able to contribute greatly, for the implantation of conservation and preservation programs for the species and the ecosystem itself. Thus, in the present study, the study and description of the arteries that vascularize most of the Tucanuçu alimentary canal are carried out. The study is divided into three articles - chapters: Cloaca blood supply and Cloacal bag; Origin and distribution of the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries and Origin and distribution of the celiac artery. The methodology used is based on usual dissection procedures in Macroscopic Anatomy, including the injection of colored latex into the arteries, as a way of better visualizing them. Eight specimens of Tucanuçu (Rhamphastos toco albogularis - Cabanis, 1862), adults, but without defined age, from CETAS-Catalão are used. The results indicate vascular characteristics similar to those described in domestic birds and other wild birds, being almost impossible to identify a vascular pattern, so great is the variability of branches of these vessels. The results are documented in photographs, using a Cyber Shot 7.2 mp camera.

Origem e principais ramificações da artéria celíaca em avestruz (Struthio camelus, Linnaeus, 1758) / Origin and main ramifications of the celiac artery of the ostrich(Struthio camelus, Linnaeus, 1758)

Foram estudados os arranjos da artéria celíaca em 30 filhotes de avestruzes (15 machos e 15 fêmeas). O comprimento médio da artéria celíaca foi 0,33±0,08cm nos machos e 0,32±0,14cm nas fêmeas, não havendo diferença nesta medida entre sexos. Não houve correlação entre o comprimento rostrossacral e o comprimento da artéria celíaca em ambos os sexos. Sua origem ocorreu ao nível do sétimo espaço intercostal na maioria dos casos, ainda que a esqueletopia tenha variado independentemente do sexo.Seu território de irrigação incluiu o esôfago, pró-ventrículo, ventrículo, baço, fígado, pâncreas, duodeno, jejuno, íleo e cecos. A artéria celíaca origina-se da aorta descendente e fornece as artérias pró-ventricular dorsal e esplênica para posteriormente se dividir em ramos esquerdo e direito. Na maioria dos avestruzes, o ramo esquerdo ofereceu ramos para o esôfago, pró-ventrículo e ventrículo em padrões variados. O ramo direito irrigou inicialmente o pâncreas, emitiu uma artéria hepática direita para o fígado,uma artéria gástrica direita para o ventrículo e terminou como artéria pancreatico duodenal para o pâncreas e porções do duodeno.Finalmente, esta artéria emitiu numerosos ramos ileocecais para o íleo e cecos direito e esquerdo. Artérias duodenojejunais e jejunais surgiram apenas em 10% e 3,33% dos animais, respectivamente. Todos apresentaram a artéria marginalis intestini tenuispercorrendo a margem mesentérica do intestino delgado. Anastomoses de ramos da artéria celíaca com os oriundos da mesentérica cranial ocorreram em 20% dos casos.(AU)

The arrangement formed by the celiac artery in 30 ostrich chicks, 15 males and 15 females were studied. The average length of the celiac artery was 0.33±0.08 cm for male and 0.32±0.14cm in females, even though there was no difference of this measurement between genders. There was also no correlation between rostrossacral length and the length of the celiac artery in both sexes. Its origin was at the level of seventh intercostal space in most cases, despite a varied skeletopy which was independent of gender. Its territory of irrigation included esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, liver, spleen, pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and bothcecum. The celiac artery leaves the aorta and originates pro-ventricular dorsal artery and splenic artery and thus splits into two other branches: left and right. In most ostriches, left branch offered branches to the esophagus, proventriculus and gizzard in severaldifferent patterns. The right branch irrigated first the pancreas and formed a right hepatic artery to the liver, a right gastric artery to the gizzard and finished as pancreatic duodenalis artery to supply the pancreas and the ascendens and descendens portions from duodenum. Finally, this artery has formed numerous ileocecal branches to ileum and to right and left cecum. Duodenojejunal and jejunal arteries were present only in 10% and 3.33% of the ostriches, respectively. All animals showed intestini tenuis marginalisartery transiting the mesenteric border of the small intestine. Anastomoses of the intestinal celiac branches with those from cranial mesenteric artery were found in 20% of cases.(AU)

Origem e principais ramificações da artéria celíaca em avestruz (Struthio camelus, Linnaeus, 1758) / Origin and main ramifications of the celiac artery of the ostrich(Struthio camelus, Linnaeus, 1758)

Foram estudados os arranjos da artéria celíaca em 30 filhotes de avestruzes (15 machos e 15 fêmeas). O comprimento médio da artéria celíaca foi 0,33±0,08cm nos machos e 0,32±0,14cm nas fêmeas, não havendo diferença nesta medida entre sexos. Não houve correlação entre o comprimento rostrossacral e o comprimento da artéria celíaca em ambos os sexos. Sua origem ocorreu ao nível do sétimo espaço intercostal na maioria dos casos, ainda que a esqueletopia tenha variado independentemente do sexo.Seu território de irrigação incluiu o esôfago, pró-ventrículo, ventrículo, baço, fígado, pâncreas, duodeno, jejuno, íleo e cecos. A artéria celíaca origina-se da aorta descendente e fornece as artérias pró-ventricular dorsal e esplênica para posteriormente se dividir em ramos esquerdo e direito. Na maioria dos avestruzes, o ramo esquerdo ofereceu ramos para o esôfago, pró-ventrículo e ventrículo em padrões variados. O ramo direito irrigou inicialmente o pâncreas, emitiu uma artéria hepática direita para o fígado,uma artéria gástrica direita para o ventrículo e terminou como artéria pancreatico duodenal para o pâncreas e porções do duodeno.Finalmente, esta artéria emitiu numerosos ramos ileocecais para o íleo e cecos direito e esquerdo. Artérias duodenojejunais e jejunais surgiram apenas em 10% e 3,33% dos animais, respectivamente. Todos apresentaram a artéria marginalis intestini tenuispercorrendo a margem mesentérica do intestino delgado. Anastomoses de ramos da artéria celíaca com os oriundos da mesentérica cranial ocorreram em 20% dos casos.

The arrangement formed by the celiac artery in 30 ostrich chicks, 15 males and 15 females were studied. The average length of the celiac artery was 0.33±0.08 cm for male and 0.32±0.14cm in females, even though there was no difference of this measurement between genders. There was also no correlation between rostrossacral length and the length of the celiac artery in both sexes. Its origin was at the level of seventh intercostal space in most cases, despite a varied skeletopy which was independent of gender. Its territory of irrigation included esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, liver, spleen, pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and bothcecum. The celiac artery leaves the aorta and originates pro-ventricular dorsal artery and splenic artery and thus splits into two other branches: left and right. In most ostriches, left branch offered branches to the esophagus, proventriculus and gizzard in severaldifferent patterns. The right branch irrigated first the pancreas and formed a right hepatic artery to the liver, a right gastric artery to the gizzard and finished as pancreatic duodenalis artery to supply the pancreas and the ascendens and descendens portions from duodenum. Finally, this artery has formed numerous ileocecal branches to ileum and to right and left cecum. Duodenojejunal and jejunal arteries were present only in 10% and 3.33% of the ostriches, respectively. All animals showed intestini tenuis marginalisartery transiting the mesenteric border of the small intestine. Anastomoses of the intestinal celiac branches with those from cranial mesenteric artery were found in 20% of cases.