Sarna demodécica em felinos em Santa Catarina, Brasil / Demodectic mange in felines in Santa Catarina state, Brazil

Background: Demodicosis is a parasitic dermatopathy often found in dogs and considered rare in felines. It is caused by the mite of the genus Demodex. In cats, it can be caused by 3 species: Demodex cati, Demodex gatoi, and another Demodex species not yet named. Demodicosis can be associated with systemic diseases, which can compromise the animal's immune system, as is the case of demodicosis caused by Demodex cati. The present case report describes 3 cases of demodicosis, 2 by D. cati and 1 by D. gatoi, with pruritic lesions and abrasions in different parts of the animals' bodies, but which showed improvement with common treatment. Cases: The first 2 cases refer to feline patients treated in Curitibanos and the third in Blumenau, both municipalities located in Santa Catarina. The first patient, a 6-year-old female, SRD, IVF/FeLV-negative, presented abrasions and alopecia in the cervical region, at the base of the auricle and submandibular region, with pruritus for 3 months. Skin scraping was performed revealing presence of Demodex cati. The second patient, a 11-year-old male, SRD, FIV-negative and FeLVpositive, presented alopecic lesions with mild pruritus, one on the dorsal region of the head and 2 others slightly oval on the tail. A skin scraping was performed for parasitological examination which demonstrated the presence of mites of the species Demodex cati. The third patient, a 10-month-old male Persian, IVF/FeLV-negative, had alopecic and pruritic lesions on the back and head near the auditory canal, as well as signs of external otitis. The lesions on the skin were scaly and presented a blackish appearance, with evolution of a few weeks. Skin scraping was performed for parasitological examination, confirming the presence of Demodex gatoi. In all cases, fungal cultures were negatives. For the 3 patients, fluralaner was used transdermally, as a pipette with a single application, and all showed complete improvement within 30 days after administration. Discussion: Demodicosis is considered a rare disease among felines and the literature suggests involvement when linked to immunosuppressive causes, such as viral diseases or systemic comorbidities. Still, it can become the cause of bacterial or fungal co-infections due to immunological impairment. In the 3 cases reported, only 1 patient was positive for FeLV. Parasitological examination of the skin by deep or superficial skin scraping, considered as the diagnostic method of choice for demodicosis, was performed in the 3 patients and demonstrated the presence of mites. Although the literature does not provide treatment considered to be of choice for felines, fluralaner was prescribed transdermally for the 3 patients reported here due to its practicality and prolonged time of action, administered in single application as antiparasitic therapy, achieving success and complete improvement up to 30 days after its use. The animals that presented co-infections were treated according to the type of infections they presented and their therapies of choice.

Demodicose em cães atendidos em um hospital veterinário universitário / Demodicosis in dogs attended in a university veterinary hospital

A sarna demodécica ou demodicose pode ser definida como uma dermatopatia parasitária, caracterizada pela presença exacerbada de ácaros comensais da pele de cães, Demodex spp. Essa doença pode ser classificada clinicamente como localizada ou generalizada, conforme a dimensão e distribuição das lesões. O diagnóstico é realizado por raspado cutâneo profundo. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a casuística da demodicose em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Piauí (HVU/UFPI), no período de 2015 a 2017. Foram analisadas 67 fichas sugestivas da doença e, destas, 30 tinham no seu diagnóstico confirmatório a presença do parasito. O levantamento foi obtido através das fichas de atendimento de cães com sarna demodécica, onde incluíam o número de registro, sexo, idade e raça do animal, além da classificação da doença e tratamento realizado. Os resultados indicaram que cães machos apresentaram maior prevalência da enfermidade, representando 63,3% dos casos. A maioria dos animais acometidos eram jovens (53,3%), sendo que os cães sem raça definida (SRD) foram os mais afetados (43,3%), seguidos da raça Pinscher (20,0%). A forma generalizada da doença foi a de maior ocorrência neste estudo (80,0%), e o tratamento oral foi o de maior indicação nas fichas de atendimento dos cães parasitados. Conclui-se que a demodicose foi frequente nos cães atendidos no HVU/UFPI durante o período do estudo, com maior ocorrência em animais jovens, machos, SRD e maior representatividade da forma generalizada da doença.

Demodectic scab or demodicosis can be defined as a parasite dermatopathy, characterized by the exacerbated presence of dog skin commensal mites, Demodex spp. This disease can be classified as localized or generalized, depending on the size of the lesions. The diagnosis is made by deep scraping of the skin. This study objective to describe cases of demodicosis in dogs attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Piauí (HVU/UFPI), from 2015 to 2017. Sixty-seven records were analyzed suggesting the disease and, of these, thirty had confirmatory diagnosis the presence of the parasite. The survey was obtained through the records of dogs with demodectic scab, which included the registration number, sex, age and race of the animal, besides the classification of disease and treatment performed. The results indicated that male dogs presented a higher prevalence of the disease, representing 63.3% of the cases. The majority of the affected dogs were young (53.3%), and the mixed breed dogs were the most affected (43.3%), followed by the pinscher breed (20.0%). The generalized form of the disease was the most frequent in this study (80.0%) and the oral treatment was the most indicated in the records of care of the dogs. It was concluded that demodicosis was frequent in dogs treated at HVU / UFPI during the study period, with a higher occurrence in young male animals, SRD and greater representativity of the generalized form of the disease.

Demodicose em cães atendidos em um hospital veterinário universitário / Demodicosis in dogs attended in a university veterinary hospital

A sarna demodécica ou demodicose pode ser definida como uma dermatopatia parasitária, caracterizada pela presença exacerbada de ácaros comensais da pele de cães, Demodex spp. Essa doença pode ser classificada clinicamente como localizada ou generalizada, conforme a dimensão e distribuição das lesões. O diagnóstico é realizado por raspado cutâneo profundo. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a casuística da demodicose em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Piauí (HVU/UFPI), no período de 2015 a 2017. Foram analisadas 67 fichas sugestivas da doença e, destas, 30 tinham no seu diagnóstico confirmatório a presença do parasito. O levantamento foi obtido através das fichas de atendimento de cães com sarna demodécica, onde incluíam o número de registro, sexo, idade e raça do animal, além da classificação da doença e tratamento realizado. Os resultados indicaram que cães machos apresentaram maior prevalência da enfermidade, representando 63,3% dos casos. A maioria dos animais acometidos eram jovens (53,3%), sendo que os cães sem raça definida (SRD) foram os mais afetados (43,3%), seguidos da raça Pinscher (20,0%). A forma generalizada da doença foi a de maior ocorrência neste estudo (80,0%), e o tratamento oral foi o de maior indicação nas fichas de atendimento dos cães parasitados. Conclui-se que a demodicose foi frequente nos cães atendidos no HVU/UFPI durante o período do estudo, com maior ocorrência em animais jovens, machos, SRD e maior representatividade da forma generalizada da doença.(AU)

Demodectic scab or demodicosis can be defined as a parasite dermatopathy, characterized by the exacerbated presence of dog skin commensal mites, Demodex spp. This disease can be classified as localized or generalized, depending on the size of the lesions. The diagnosis is made by deep scraping of the skin. This study objective to describe cases of demodicosis in dogs attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Piauí (HVU/UFPI), from 2015 to 2017. Sixty-seven records were analyzed suggesting the disease and, of these, thirty had confirmatory diagnosis the presence of the parasite. The survey was obtained through the records of dogs with demodectic scab, which included the registration number, sex, age and race of the animal, besides the classification of disease and treatment performed. The results indicated that male dogs presented a higher prevalence of the disease, representing 63.3% of the cases. The majority of the affected dogs were young (53.3%), and the mixed breed dogs were the most affected (43.3%), followed by the pinscher breed (20.0%). The generalized form of the disease was the most frequent in this study (80.0%) and the oral treatment was the most indicated in the records of care of the dogs. It was concluded that demodicosis was frequent in dogs treated at HVU / UFPI during the study period, with a higher occurrence in young male animals, SRD and greater representativity of the generalized form of the disease. (AU)

Demodiciose canina por Demodex injai: relato de caso / Canine demodicosis by Demodex injai: case report

A demodiciose é uma doença parasitária comum em cães, sendo, até o momento, reconhecidas três formas de Demodex que parasitam os cães. O D. injai foi descrito como potencial causador da enfermidade canina, porém ainda há poucos casos relatados em literatura. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo acrescentar novos aspectos clínicos da enfermidade no cão. Para tanto, descreve-se o caso de canino da raça Chow Chow com 10 anos de idade, fêmea, com demodiciose cutânea e presença de prurido intenso e seborreia. Diversos ácaros com tamanho médio superior a 370 μm, proporção opistossoma e comprimento total médio superior a 60% foram observados e caracterizados como da espécie D. injai. Nesse sentido, a raça Chow Chow passa a ser incluída dentre aquelas passíveis de apresentarem a demodiciose causada por D. injai.(AU)

Demodicosis is a common parasitic skin disease in dogs, and to date three forms of Demodex are recognized as parasitizing dogs. D. injai has been described as a potential cause of the canine disease, however there are few cases reported in literature in the specie, so this work aims to add new clinical aspects of the disease in the dog. Therefore, is described a clinical case of a Chow Chow dog, female, 10 years old that presented cutaneous demodicosis, very itchy and with a dorsal oily dyskeratosis. Mites were observed in optical microscopy with middle larger than 370 μm and opistossoma ratio and total middle lenght over 60%, characterized as D. injai mites. Thus, the Chow Chow breed is included among those able to present the demodicosis caused by D. injai.(AU)

Perfil hematológico de cães com sarna demodécica atendidos no Hospital Veterinário de Patos – Paraíba / Hematologic profile of dogs with demodectic mange treated at the veterinary hospital of Patos – Paraíba

Canine demodicyosis is a parasitic skin problem commonly found in dogs caused by theproliferation of follicular mites of the Demodex canis species. Clinical laboratory tests inyoung dogs with demodicides usually do not show consistent abnormalities, however, suchabnormalities do appear in such chronic diseases as anemia, with elevations in leukocytenumbers, hyperglobulinemia, and depressed thyroid hormone concentrations, which arefound in many dogs. We analyzed the hemogram of 36 dogs diagnosed with demodecticmange that were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of CampinaGrande, in the municipality of Patos. Among hematological changes, thrombocytopenia(40.9%), anemia (68.2%), neutrophilia (27.3%), eosinophilia (27.3%) and lymphopenia(36.4%) were found to be more prevalent. We can conclude that all the animals of thepresent study had alterations in some aspect of the hematological profile.Palavras-chave: hematologia; dermatopatia; ácaros; Demodex spp.

Perfil hematológico de cães com sarna demodécica atendidos no Hospital Veterinário de Patos Paraíba / Hematologic profile of dogs with demodectic mange treated at the veterinary hospital of Patos Paraíba

Canine demodicyosis is a parasitic skin problem commonly found in dogs caused by theproliferation of follicular mites of the Demodex canis species. Clinical laboratory tests inyoung dogs with demodicides usually do not show consistent abnormalities, however, suchabnormalities do appear in such chronic diseases as anemia, with elevations in leukocytenumbers, hyperglobulinemia, and depressed thyroid hormone concentrations, which arefound in many dogs. We analyzed the hemogram of 36 dogs diagnosed with demodecticmange that were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of CampinaGrande, in the municipality of Patos. Among hematological changes, thrombocytopenia(40.9%), anemia (68.2%), neutrophilia (27.3%), eosinophilia (27.3%) and lymphopenia(36.4%) were found to be more prevalent. We can conclude that all the animals of thepresent study had alterations in some aspect of the hematological profile.Palavras-chave: hematologia; dermatopatia; ácaros; Demodex spp.(AU)

The epidemiological and clinical aspects of Demodex injai demodicosis in dogs: a report of eight cases / Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da demodiciose por Demodex injai em cães: relato de oito casos

The mite Demodex injai causes demodicosis, an uncommon, chronic, and recurrent parasitic dermatopathy in dogs. Demodicosis is characterized by an excessive proliferation of the Demodex injai mite in the pilosebaceous unit. Typically, demodicosis occurs in adults, and is associated with an underlying disease or a specific host immunodeficiency. Here, we describe the epidemiological, clinical, dermatological, and therapeutic aspects of Demodex injai demodicosis in dogs (n=8) at the Hospital Unit for Companion Animals of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná in Brazil. The affected dogs were predominantly purebred, had a mean age of eight years, and showed no gender predisposition. The lesions were predominantly alopecic and erythematous-desquamatory, associated with follicular dyskeratosis and greasiness of the coat, and mainly affected the facial region, in addition to the back and limbs. The animals had a history of allergic, dyskeratotic, endocrine, neoplastic, and immunosuppressive comorbidities. The diagnosis of demodicosis was based on multiple skin scrapings, trichogram, and acetate tape impression of the lesion areas, macroscopic observation, and morphological characterization of the mite. Macrocyclic lactones were effectively used for treatment in most cases; however, improvement of the condition may be related to adjunctive treatment of the underlying disease.(AU)

Demodiciose provocada pelo ácaro Demodex injai é uma dermatopatia parasitária, crônica, recorrente, incomum em cães, caracterizada pela proliferação excessiva do ácaro na unidade pilossebácea. É frequentemente caracterizada como de surto adulto, generalizada e associada a uma doença de base ou a uma imunodeficiência específica inerente ao hospedeiro. O presente relato tem como objetivo descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínico-dermatológicos e o tratamento da demodiciose por Demodex injai em cães (n=8) atendidos na Unidade Hospitalar para Animais de Companhia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, em São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brasil. Os animais acometidos apresentaram idade média de oito anos, predominantemente de raças puras e não houve predisposição sexual. As lesões tinham características predominantemente alopécicas e eritêmato-descamativas, associadas à disqueratose folicular e untuosidade da pelagem, acometendo principalmente a região da face, mas também o dorso e os membros. Os animais apresentavam histórico de comorbidades alérgicas, disqueratóticas, endócrinas, neoplásicas ou imunossupressivas de base. O diagnóstico da demodiciose foi estabelecido por múltiplos raspados de pele, tricograma e técnica de beliscamento por fita adesiva em áreas lesionais, seguindo à observação macroscópica e caracterização morfológica do ácaro. Instituiu-se tratamento com lactonas macrocíclicas, que se mostraram eficazes na maioria dos casos, entretanto, ainvolução do quadro pode estar relacionado ao tratamento adjunto das doenças de base.(AU)

SARNA DEMODÉCICA BOVINA EM SISTEMA DE PRODUÇÃO TRADICIONAL EM AMBIENTE SEMIÁRIDO

Este trabalho, composto de dois capítulos, tem como o objetivo avaliar a correlação entre sarna demodécica e o ganho de peso, aspectos clínicos, determinação do perfil dos constituintes sanguíneos e observação dos valores de variação hematológica e bioquímica em animais da raça Sindi e a relação desses aspectos com os períodos seco e chuvoso no semiárido paraibano. O primeiro capítulo é um estudo sobre a correlação entre sarna demodécica e o ganho de peso em animais da raça Sindi nos meses correspondentes à época chuvosa e à época seca do ano. No total, foi utilizada uma amostra de 33 animais, sendo 23 fêmeas e 10 machos, com idades de 7 a 36 meses, do rebanho da raça Sindi pertencente à Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG do Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural - CSTR. As pesagens, exames clínicos e coletas de material biológico foram realizados nas mesmas datas, sequencialmente, em cada um dos 33 animais da amostra, uma vez por mês, no trimestre chuvoso e no trimestre seco. O exame clínico realizado durante a pesquisa constatou que cerca de 90% dos animais examinados apresentaram manifestações características da Demodicose bovina no que se refere às lesões apresentadas na pele. Observou-se ainda que, na relação peso do animal e OPG, os animais que apresentaram uma OPG mais alta também evidenciaram um ganho de peso menor no período chuvoso e uma maior perda de peso no período seco, quando comparados aos animais com OPG baixa. O segundo capítulo está voltado para a determinação do perfil dos constituintes sanguíneos de bovinos da raça Sindi e para a observação dos valores de variação hematológica e bioquímica e sua relação com os períodos seco e chuvoso no semiárido paraibano. As coletas foram realizadas em uma amostra de 33 animais da raça Sindi. Considerando-se o período chuvoso anual como o trimestre abril maio junho e o período seco como o trimestre agosto setembro outubro, optou-se por fazer a coleta em meses representativos da metade de cada trimestre, ou seja, Maio e Setembro de 2018. A partir dos exames realizados, observou-se que houve alterações hematológicas significativas nos animais avaliados, com a detecção de um quadro de anemia macrocítica regenerativa, foi registrada uma variação hematológica para Leucócitos, Segmentado, Linfócitos, Eosinófilos e Monócitos, resultando em um quadro atípico de leucopenia, e que os níveis de proteínas totais baixaram durante a estação seca, de forma significativa, quando comparados ao período chuvoso.

In order to evaluate the correlation between demodectic mange and weight gain, clinical aspects, determination of the blood components profile and observation of hematological and biochemical variation values in Sindhi breed animals and the relationship of these aspects with the dry and rainy periods in semiarid region of Paraíba, this dissertation is composed of two chapters. The first one is a study about the correlation between demodectic mange and weight gain in Sindhi breed animals in the months corresponding to the rainy season and the dry season of the year. In total, a sample of 33 animals was used, 23 females and 10 males aged 7 to 36 months, from the Sindhi herd belonging to the Health and Rural Technology Center of Federal University of Campina Grande. Weighing, clinical examination and collection of biological material were performed on the same dates, sequentially, in each of the 33 animals of the sample, once a month, in the rainy quarter and in the dry quarter. The clinical examination performed during the research found that about 90% of the examined animals presented characteristic manifestations of bovine demodicosis regarding the lesions presented on the skin. It was also observed that in the relation animal weight and EPG, the animals that presented a higher EPG also showed a smaller weight gain in the rainy season and a greater weight loss in the dry period, when compared to animals with low EPG. The second chapter focuses on the determination of the blood components profile of Sindhi cattle and the observation of hematological and biochemical variation values and their relationship with the dry and rainy periods in the semiarid region of Paraíba. The collections were performed in a sample of 33 Sindhi animals. Considering the annual rainy season as the April - May - June quarter and the dry period as the August - September - October quarter, it was decided to collect in representative months of half of each quarter, that is May and September. From the exams performed, it was observed that there were significant hematological alterations in the evaluated animals, with the detection of a regenerative macrocytic anemia, it was also registered a hematological variation for Leukocytes, Segmented, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils and Monocytes resulting in an atypical picture of leukopenia and total protein levels dropped significantly during the dry season compared to the rainy season.

Atualização terapêutica em demodiciose canina: revisão de literatura e relato de caso / Therapeutic update on canine demodicosis: literature review and case report / Actualización terapéutica en la demodiciose canina: revisión de la literatura y reporte de un caso

Dentre os temas mais abrangentes em dermatologia veterinária, a sarna demodécica ganha um grande destaque devido sua elevada ocorrência em cães. O ácaro Demodex canis faz parte da microbiota normal da pele canina e sua proliferação pode iniciar devido a um distúrbio genético e imunológico, sendo a apresentação generalizada a manifestação mais grave da doença, resultando em um tratamento frequente e extenso. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar o êxito e a eficácia do medicamento NexGard® (afoxolaner) no enfoque terapêutico de um cão com longo histórico de demodiciose generalizada e pouca resposta aos fármacos acaricidas tradicionalmente utilizados. Ainda, trazer a informação de que esta medicação, recentemente introduzida no mercado veterinário para controle de pulgas e carrapatos, se mostra promissora no tratamento da demodiciose canina. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, ficou demonstrado que o novo tratamento foi satisfatório, seguro e conveniente com melhora visível na condição clínica final, sem evidências de efeitos adversos.(AU)

Among one the broadest subjects in veterinary dermatology, demodectic mange is a huge feature because of its high incidence in dogs. The mite Demodex canis is part of the skin of the animal and its proliferation can start due to a genetic and immune disorder and it comes to the point that the generalized manifestation it is the most dangerous, resulting in a long term and frequent treatment. The goal of this study is to show the success and efficiency of this medicine NexGard® (afoxolaner) in a dog with a huge historic of generalized demodicosis and low answer to the acaricidis medicines traditionally used. Still, brings the information that this medication, recently introduced in the veterinary market for the control of fleas and ticks, it has been showing success in the treatment of canine demodicosis. According to the obtained results, it was proven that the new treatment was satisfactory, secure and convenient, with a visible improvement in the final clinical tests without evidences of side effects.(AU)

Entre los temas más amplios en la dermatología veterinaria, la sarna demodecica gana un gran espacio por su elevada ocurrencía en perros. Elácaro Demodex Canis es parte de la flora normal de la piel canina y su proliferación puede comentar debido a un disturbio genético y inmunológico, siendo así la presencia generalizada la etapa más grave de la enfermedad, resultando en un tratamiento frecuente y extenso. La finalidad de este estudio es demostrar el éxito y la eficacia del medicamento NexGard® (afoxolaner) en el enfoque terapéutico en um perro con un largo histórico de demodiciose generalizada y poca reacción a los medicamentos acaricidas tradicionalmente utilizados. Todavía, traer la información de que este medicamento, que fue introducido hace poco tiempo en el mercado veterinario para el control de las pulgas y garrapatos, se muestra prometedor con el tratamiento de la demodiciose canina. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, podemos afirmar que el nuevo tratamiento fue satisfactorio, seguro y conveniente con visible mejora en la condición clínica final, sin evidencias de efectos adversos.(AU)

Atualização terapêutica em demodiciose canina: revisão de literatura e relato de caso / Therapeutic update on canine demodicosis: literature review and case report / Actualización terapéutica en la demodiciose canina: revisión de la literatura y reporte de un caso

Dentre os temas mais abrangentes em dermatologia veterinária, a sarna demodécica ganha um grande destaque devido sua elevada ocorrência em cães. O ácaro Demodex canis faz parte da microbiota normal da pele canina e sua proliferação pode iniciar devido a um distúrbio genético e imunológico, sendo a apresentação generalizada a manifestação mais grave da doença, resultando em um tratamento frequente e extenso. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar o êxito e a eficácia do medicamento NexGard® (afoxolaner) no enfoque terapêutico de um cão com longo histórico de demodiciose generalizada e pouca resposta aos fármacos acaricidas tradicionalmente utilizados. Ainda, trazer a informação de que esta medicação, recentemente introduzida no mercado veterinário para controle de pulgas e carrapatos, se mostra promissora no tratamento da demodiciose canina. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, ficou demonstrado que o novo tratamento foi satisfatório, seguro e conveniente com melhora visível na condição clínica final, sem evidências de efeitos adversos.

Among one the broadest subjects in veterinary dermatology, demodectic mange is a huge feature because of its high incidence in dogs. The mite Demodex canis is part of the skin of the animal and its proliferation can start due to a genetic and immune disorder and it comes to the point that the generalized manifestation it is the most dangerous, resulting in a long term and frequent treatment. The goal of this study is to show the success and efficiency of this medicine NexGard® (afoxolaner) in a dog with a huge historic of generalized demodicosis and low answer to the acaricidis medicines traditionally used. Still, brings the information that this medication, recently introduced in the veterinary market for the control of fleas and ticks, it has been showing success in the treatment of canine demodicosis. According to the obtained results, it was proven that the new treatment was satisfactory, secure and convenient, with a visible improvement in the final clinical tests without evidences of side effects.

Entre los temas más amplios en la dermatología veterinaria, la sarna demodecica gana un gran espacio por su elevada ocurrencía en perros. Elácaro Demodex Canis es parte de la flora normal de la piel canina y su proliferación puede comentar debido a un disturbio genético y inmunológico, siendo así la presencia generalizada la etapa más grave de la enfermedad, resultando en un tratamiento frecuente y extenso. La finalidad de este estudio es demostrar el éxito y la eficacia del medicamento NexGard® (afoxolaner) en el enfoque terapéutico en um perro con un largo histórico de demodiciose generalizada y poca reacción a los medicamentos acaricidas tradicionalmente utilizados. Todavía, traer la información de que este medicamento, que fue introducido hace poco tiempo en el mercado veterinario para el control de las pulgas y garrapatos, se muestra prometedor con el tratamiento de la demodiciose canina. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, podemos afirmar que el nuevo tratamiento fue satisfactorio, seguro y conveniente con visible mejora en la condición clínica final, sin evidencias de efectos adversos.

Acute phase response with special reference to C-reactive protein in dogs with generalized

Background: Canine demodicosis is an inflammatory parasitic skin disease associated with the presence of excessive numbers of Demodex mites. The pathogenesis involving demodicosis is not completely recognized. It is suggested that demodicosis occurs because of the inability of the host to regulate mite intensity, rather than from an elevation of the mite virulence. The acute phase response is a part of the innate defence system of the host against trauma, inflammation, and infection. Some of the cytokines involved in pathogenic phenomena in canine demodicosis are known as inducers of the acute phase response. Among the large group of acute phase reactants, C-reactive protein (CRP) may have special attention in canine demodicosis, because of its relationship with cytokines involved in the development of skin inflammation. In this study we sought to elucidate the relationship between generalized demodicosis and the serum concentration CRP in dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty two dogs (n = 14 demodicosis, n = 8 healthy), enrolled in the study were recruited from the dogs referred to 5 different veterinary practices participated. Dogs of various breed, both sexes, entire/neutered were included in the study on the basis of being Demodex canis mite positive on microscopic examination of skin scrapings. Cytological examination of the skin scraping showed no yeast nor bacteria. The animals exhibited at least one of the following clinical signs of generalized demodicosis: presence of = 5 spot lesions, involvement of = 25% of the dog’s face or of its body surface, pododemodicosis involving two or more feet. None of the dogs completing the study had been treated with ectoparasiticides or steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the last 30 days before the onset of the study. Plasma CRP concentration was determined using commercial ELISA test kit and an ELISA reader according to the manufacturer instructions. Statistical analysis were performed by Mann-Whitney U test. P values of less than 0.05 were regarded as significant. Serum CRP concentration was significantly higher in dogs with generalized demodicosis compared to those of control dogs Discussion: The present study presents for the first time a survey of the acute phase protein expression regarding CRP in serum of dogs affected by demodicosis. Results indicated that the concentration of investigated, including serum CRP, significantly increased in infected dogs. From a clinical perspective, acute phase protein measurement is a useful clinical tool in veterinary medicine but further studies are required to assure their value in particular diseases, because the acute phase response shows variation in different species and pathological processes. The mean plasma levels of the C-reactive protein measured in the peripheral blood of the 14 dogs included in the present study with generalised demodicosis were significantly elevated compared to those of the healthy controls. The results indicated that in generalised demodicosis acute phase response can be mobilized. According to results of this study, we thought that Demodectic mite may have the potential to stimulate an inflammatory response in dogs with generalized demodicosis. This information provides a remarkable potential for use in clinical practice for dogs, hence these biological markers may be very useful for the early diagnosis of inflammation due to the demodectic mange. Although the numbers of dogs investigated in this study was small, CRP concentration could be beneficial in monitoring the response to treatment in dogs with generalized demodicosis. Further studies are warranted for evaluating the clinical usage of this parameter for monitoring the efficacy of therapy in dogs with demodicosis.

Acute phase response with special reference to C-reactive protein in dogs with generalized

Background: Canine demodicosis is an inflammatory parasitic skin disease associated with the presence of excessive numbers of Demodex mites. The pathogenesis involving demodicosis is not completely recognized. It is suggested that demodicosis occurs because of the inability of the host to regulate mite intensity, rather than from an elevation of the mite virulence. The acute phase response is a part of the innate defence system of the host against trauma, inflammation, and infection. Some of the cytokines involved in pathogenic phenomena in canine demodicosis are known as inducers of the acute phase response. Among the large group of acute phase reactants, C-reactive protein (CRP) may have special attention in canine demodicosis, because of its relationship with cytokines involved in the development of skin inflammation. In this study we sought to elucidate the relationship between generalized demodicosis and the serum concentration CRP in dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty two dogs (n = 14 demodicosis, n = 8 healthy), enrolled in the study were recruited from the dogs referred to 5 different veterinary practices participated. Dogs of various breed, both sexes, entire/neutered were included in the study on the basis of being Demodex canis mite positive on microscopic examination of skin scrapings. Cytological examination of the skin scraping showed no yeast nor bacteria. The animals exhibited at least one of the following clinical signs of generalized demodicosis: presence of = 5 spot lesions, involvement of = 25% of the dogs face or of its body surface, pododemodicosis involving two or more feet. None of the dogs completing the study had been treated with ectoparasiticides or steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the last 30 days before the onset of the study. Plasma CRP concentration was determined using commercial ELISA test kit and an ELISA reader according to the manufacturer instructions. Statistical analysis were performed by Mann-Whitney U test. P values of less than 0.05 were regarded as significant. Serum CRP concentration was significantly higher in dogs with generalized demodicosis compared to those of control dogs Discussion: The present study presents for the first time a survey of the acute phase protein expression regarding CRP in serum of dogs affected by demodicosis. Results indicated that the concentration of investigated, including serum CRP, significantly increased in infected dogs. From a clinical perspective, acute phase protein measurement is a useful clinical tool in veterinary medicine but further studies are required to assure their value in particular diseases, because the acute phase response shows variation in different species and pathological processes. The mean plasma levels of the C-reactive protein measured in the peripheral blood of the 14 dogs included in the present study with generalised demodicosis were significantly elevated compared to those of the healthy controls. The results indicated that in generalised demodicosis acute phase response can be mobilized. According to results of this study, we thought that Demodectic mite may have the potential to stimulate an inflammatory response in dogs with generalized demodicosis. This information provides a remarkable potential for use in clinical practice for dogs, hence these biological markers may be very useful for the early diagnosis of inflammation due to the demodectic mange. Although the numbers of dogs investigated in this study was small, CRP concentration could be beneficial in monitoring the response to treatment in dogs with generalized demodicosis. Further studies are warranted for evaluating the clinical usage of this parameter for monitoring the efficacy of therapy in dogs with demodicosis.(AU)

Remissão da Demodiciose Canina após o Tratamento com a Doramectina em Diferentes Protocolos

FERREIRA, Fabrícia Ferreira. Remissão da Demodiciose Canina após o Tratamento com a Doramectina em Diferentes Protocolos Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária, Ciências Clínicas). Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2016. Demodiciose canina é uma doença inflamatória da pele, frequentemente diagnosticada nos consultórios veterinários, causada pela proliferação de ácaros da espécie Demodex sp. Nos últimos anos, importantes descobertas sobre a doença foram reportadas, principalmente os aspectos relacionados ao tratamento, com a inserção de novas moléculas ou novos esquemas de tratamento. A doramectina é uma lactona macrocíclica que vem sendo usada de forma empírica por médicos veterinários, que a utilizam por diferentes vias, doses e intervalos na sua administração, com resultados heterogêneos. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a utilização da doramectina no tratamento da demodiciose generalizada em cães. Dos 46 animais diagnosticados com a doença, 20 foram selecionados e divididos em três grupos experimentais: grupo I tratado com doramectina dose de 600 mcg/kg semanalmente por via oral, grupo II tratado na dose de 300 mcg/ kg por via oral a cada 3 dias e o grupo III tratado na dose de 600 mcg/kg a cada 7 dias por via subcutânea. Os animais foram tratados até a obtenção de três raspados negativos consecutivos com pelo menos 15 dias de intervalo entre eles (cura parasitológica). Os dias necessários para obtenção da cura parasitológica foram 105, 82 e 100 de acordo com os grupos assinalados e as respectivas eficácias ao tratamento foram 75, 100 e 83%. A doramectina demonstrou ser eficaz no tratamento da demodiciose generalizada em cães independente da dose, via e intervalo de sua administração. Entretanto, os melhores resultados obtidos foram observados no grupo tratado com a dose de 300 mcg/ kg por via oral a cada 3 dias. Não foram reportadas quaisquer reações adversas com a utilização da lactona macrocíclica.

FERREIRA, Fabrícia Ferreira e. Remission of Canine Demodicosis after Treatment with Different Protocols of Doramectin. Dissertation (Master of Science in Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science). Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2016. Canine demodicosis is an inflammatory skin disease, frequently diagnosed in veterinary clinics, caused by the proliferation of mites of the species Demodex sp. In recent years, important findings about the disease have been reported, mainly aspects related to treatment, with the insertion of new molecules or new treatment regimens. Doramectin is a macrocyclic lactone that has been used empirically by veterinarians, who use different routes, doses and intervals in its administration, with no homogeneus results. This study aimed to evaluate the use of doramectin in the treatment of dogs affected by the generalized form of demodicosis. Of the forty-six dogs diagnosed with the disease during the study, 20 were selected for the study and divided into three groups: Group I treated with doramectin at a dose of 600 mcg/kg once a week orally, group II treated at a dose of 300 mcg/kg orally every 3 days and group III treated at a dose of 600 mcg/kg every 7 days subcutaneously. The animals were treated until three consecutive negative skin scrapings were obtained, with intervals of at least fifteen days between them (parasitological cure). The days required to obtain the parasitological cure were 105, 82 and 100 according to the indicated groups; and their treatment efficiencies were 75, 100 and 83%, respectively. Doramectin was effective in treating generalized demodectic mange in dogs, regardless of the dose, route and interval of administration. However, the best results were obtained in the group treated at a dose of 300 mcg/kg orally every 3 days. There were no reported adverse reactions with the use of macrocyclic lactone.

Prevalência das dermatopatias não-tumorais em cães do município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (2005-2008) / Prevalence of non-tumorous canine dermatopathies in dogs from the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (2005-2008)

Este estudo teve como objetivo principal determinar a prevalência das dermatopatias não-tumorais que acometem cães do município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para isso, foram acompanhados os atendimentos dermatológicos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, e em um consultório veterinário particular no período de março de 2005 a junho de 2008. Durante esse período foram atendidos 480 cães com problemas dermatológicos, desses, em 393 (81,9 por cento) foi possível estabelecer o diagnóstico definitivo e em 87 (18,1 por cento) o diagnóstico não foi conclusivo. Esses 393 cães com diagnóstico conclusivo totalizaram 502 diagnósticos, sendo 424 diagnósticos primários e 78 diagnósticos secundários. A distribuição dos diagnósticos em relação às categorias de dermatopatias diagnosticadas foi a seguinte: dermatopatias alérgicas (190/502 [37,8 por cento]), dermatopatias bacterianas (103/502 [20,5 por cento]), dermatopatias parasitárias (97/502 [19,3 por cento]), dermatopatias relacionadas ao ambiente (28/502 [5,6 por cento], dermatopatias fúngicas (20/502 [4,0 por cento]), dermatopatias endócrinas (13/502 [2,6 por cento]), defeitos da ceratinização (11/502 [2,2 por cento]), dermatopatias psicogênicas (9/502 [1,8 por cento]), alopecias adquiridas (6/502 [1,2 por cento]), dermatopatias auto-imunes (6/502 [1,2 por cento]), dermatopatias hereditárias (6/502 [1,2 por cento]), anormalidades pigmentares (1/502 [0,2 por cento], dermatopatias nutricionais (1/502 [0,2 por cento]) e outras dermatopatias (11/502 [2,2 por cento]). No geral, as 10 principais dermatopatias não-tumorais, em ordem decrescente de freqüência, foram: atopia, dermatite alérgica à picada de pulga, foliculite bacteriana superficial, sarna demodécica, foliculite bacteriana profunda/furunculose, sarna sarcóptica, miíase, alergia alimentar, dermatite piotraumática e malassezíase. Essas 10 condições perfizeram juntas aproximadamente três quartos...

The current study was aimed at determine the prevalence of non-tumorous canine dermatopathies affecting dogs from the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. From March 2005 to June de 2008, the authors followed-up canine dermatological cases from two sources: those referred to the Dermatology Sector of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria and those from a private practice. During this period 480 dogs with dermatological problems were examined; in 393 (81.9 percent) it was possible to establish a definitive diagnosis and in 87 (18.1 percent) the diagnosis was inconclusive. Four hundred and twenty four primary diagnosis and 78 secondary diagnosis were performed in the 393 dogs with conclusive diagnosis, totaling 502 diagnosis. The distribution of the diagnosis according to the categories of diagnosed dermatopathies was as follows: Allergic (190/502 [37.8 percent]), bacterial (103/502 [20.5 percent]), parasitic (97/502 [19.3 percent]), environmental (28/502 [5,6 percent]), mycotic (20/502 [4.0 percent]), endocrine (13/502 [2.6 percent]), keratinization disturbances (11/502 [2.2 percent]), psychogenic (9/502 [1.8 percent]), acquired alopecias (6/502 [1.2 percent]), autoimmune (6/502 [1.2 percent]), inherited (6/502 [1.2 percent]), pigmentary disturbances (1/502 [0.2 percent], nutritional (1/502 [0.2 percent]), and sundry conditions (11/502 [2.2 percent]). In general, the ten most frequently diagnosed non-tumorous dermatopathies in decreasing order of frequency were: Atopy, flea bite allergic dermatitis, bacterial folliculitis, demodectic mange, deep bacterial folliculitis/furunculosis, sarcoptic mange, myiasis, food allergy, traumatic pyoderma, and Malassezia dermatitis. These 10 conditions together made up approximately for three quarters of all canine skin diseases diagnosed in the current study.

Prevalência das dermatopatias não-tumorais em cães do município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (2005-2008) / Prevalence of non-tumorous canine dermatopathies in dogs from the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (2005-2008)

Este estudo teve como objetivo principal determinar a prevalência das dermatopatias não-tumorais que acometem cães do município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para isso, foram acompanhados os atendimentos dermatológicos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, e em um consultório veterinário particular no período de março de 2005 a junho de 2008. Durante esse período foram atendidos 480 cães com problemas dermatológicos, desses, em 393 (81,9 por cento) foi possível estabelecer o diagnóstico definitivo e em 87 (18,1 por cento) o diagnóstico não foi conclusivo. Esses 393 cães com diagnóstico conclusivo totalizaram 502 diagnósticos, sendo 424 diagnósticos primários e 78 diagnósticos secundários. A distribuição dos diagnósticos em relação às categorias de dermatopatias diagnosticadas foi a seguinte: dermatopatias alérgicas (190/502 [37,8 por cento]), dermatopatias bacterianas (103/502 [20,5 por cento]), dermatopatias parasitárias (97/502 [19,3 por cento]), dermatopatias relacionadas ao ambiente (28/502 [5,6 por cento], dermatopatias fúngicas (20/502 [4,0 por cento]), dermatopatias endócrinas (13/502 [2,6 por cento]), defeitos da ceratinização (11/502 [2,2 por cento]), dermatopatias psicogênicas (9/502 [1,8 por cento]), alopecias adquiridas (6/502 [1,2 por cento]), dermatopatias auto-imunes (6/502 [1,2 por cento]), dermatopatias hereditárias (6/502 [1,2 por cento]), anormalidades pigmentares (1/502 [0,2 por cento], dermatopatias nutricionais (1/502 [0,2 por cento]) e outras dermatopatias (11/502 [2,2 por cento]). No geral, as 10 principais dermatopatias não-tumorais, em ordem decrescente de freqüência, foram: atopia, dermatite alérgica à picada de pulga, foliculite bacteriana superficial, sarna demodécica, foliculite bacteriana profunda/furunculose, sarna sarcóptica, miíase, alergia alimentar, dermatite piotraumática e malassezíase. Essas 10 condições perfizeram juntas aproximadamente três quartos...(AU)

The current study was aimed at determine the prevalence of non-tumorous canine dermatopathies affecting dogs from the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. From March 2005 to June de 2008, the authors followed-up canine dermatological cases from two sources: those referred to the Dermatology Sector of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria and those from a private practice. During this period 480 dogs with dermatological problems were examined; in 393 (81.9 percent) it was possible to establish a definitive diagnosis and in 87 (18.1 percent) the diagnosis was inconclusive. Four hundred and twenty four primary diagnosis and 78 secondary diagnosis were performed in the 393 dogs with conclusive diagnosis, totaling 502 diagnosis. The distribution of the diagnosis according to the categories of diagnosed dermatopathies was as follows: Allergic (190/502 [37.8 percent]), bacterial (103/502 [20.5 percent]), parasitic (97/502 [19.3 percent]), environmental (28/502 [5,6 percent]), mycotic (20/502 [4.0 percent]), endocrine (13/502 [2.6 percent]), keratinization disturbances (11/502 [2.2 percent]), psychogenic (9/502 [1.8 percent]), acquired alopecias (6/502 [1.2 percent]), autoimmune (6/502 [1.2 percent]), inherited (6/502 [1.2 percent]), pigmentary disturbances (1/502 [0.2 percent], nutritional (1/502 [0.2 percent]), and sundry conditions (11/502 [2.2 percent]). In general, the ten most frequently diagnosed non-tumorous dermatopathies in decreasing order of frequency were: Atopy, flea bite allergic dermatitis, bacterial folliculitis, demodectic mange, deep bacterial folliculitis/furunculosis, sarcoptic mange, myiasis, food allergy, traumatic pyoderma, and Malassezia dermatitis. These 10 conditions together made up approximately for three quarters of all canine skin diseases diagnosed in the current study.(AU)

Sarna demodécica canina e suas novas perspectivas de tratamento Revisão / Sarna demodécica canina y sus nuevas perspectivas de tratamiento- Revisión / Canine dermodicosis and new treatment perspectives: Review

A sarna demodécica canina, também chamada de demodicose canina ou demodicidose canina, é uma das dermatopatias mais comumente encontradas na clínica veterinária, sendo uma das mais sérias enfermidades encontradas nos cães.O tratamento pode ser insatisfatório e frustrante, fazendo com que muitos cães sejam submetidos a eutanásia, tanto em função da pouca eficácia dos acaricidas disponíveis, quanto de consecutivas recidivas. Atualmente, depois de mais de 20 anos de primazia do ectocida tópico amitraz como droga de eleição para tratamento de cães parasitados pelo Demodex canis, uma nova classe de fármacos de ação sistêmica vem ganhando a confiança dos clínicos e revolucionando conceitos terapêuticos. As lactonas macrocíclicas dividem-se em milbemicinas, como milbemicina oxima e moxidectina, e em avermectinas, como ivermectina, doramectina e abamectina. Algumas delas apresentam grande potencial, e há grande quantidade de relatos positivos sobre seu emprego. Entretanto, a falta de padronização para estudos sobre seu sucesso terapêutico limita a recomendação de protocolos definitivos, de forma que alguns ainda indicam opção primária pelo uso de amitraz, para só depois lançar mão de uma das lactonas macrocíclicas. Novos estudos e novas estratégicas para delineamento de protocolos terapêuticos, como oemprego de cálculos de extrapolação alométrica, podem contribuir grandemente para que essa linha de trabalho continue a evoluir, trazendo os esperados benefícios para médicos veterinários, clientes e pacientes.(AU)

Demodicosis, also named demodectic mange, is one of the most common dermatologic diseases in veterinary practice, and its generalized presentation is one of the most severe diseases in dogs. Therapy may be unsatisfactory and frustrating, causing the euthanasia of a lot of dogs because of acaricid inefficacy and consecutive recurrences. Nowadays, after more than 20 years of primacy of the topical ectocide amitraz as drug of choice for demodicosis, a new class of systemic drugs is gaining practitioners confidence and revolutionizing therapeutic concepts. Macrocyclic lactones are divided into mylbemycins such as mylbemycin oxime and moxydectin, and avermectins such as ivermectin, doramectin e abamectin. Some of them present great potential and there are a lot of positive reports with respect to their use. However, the lack of patterns for the study of their therapeutic success still limits the indication of definitive protocols, leading some clinicians to indicate the amitraz as their first option, making use of macrocyclic lactones at a later time. New studies and strategies in designing therapeutic protocols, as the use of allometric scaling calculations, may contribute decisively for the evolution of this working line, leading to the expected benefits for veterinarians, clients, and patients.

La sarna demodécica canina, también llamada demodicosis canina o demodicidosis canina, es una de las máscomunes dermatopatias encontradas en la clínica veterinaria, siendo una de las más serias enfermedades encontradas en losperros. El tratamiento puede ser insatisfactorio y frustrante, haciendo con que muchos perros sean sometidos a eutanasia,tanto en función de poca eficacia de los acaricidas disponibles, cuanto de consecutivas recidivas. Actualmente, después demás de 20 años de primacía del ectocida tópico amitraz como droga de elección para tratamiento de perros parasitados por el Demodex canis, una nueva clase de fármacos de acción sistémica viene ganando la confianza de los clínicos y revolucionando conceptos terapéuticos. Las lactonas macrocíclicas se dividen en milbemicinas, como milbemicina oxima y moxidectina, y en avermectinas, como ivermectina, doramectina y abamectina. Algunas de ellas presentan gran potencial, y hay gran cantidad de relatos positivos sobre su empleo. Entretanto, la falta de estandarización para estudios sobre su eficacia terapéutica limitala recomendación de protocolos definitivos, de manera que algunos aún indican opción primaria por el uso de amitraz, para solamente después emplear las lactonas macrocíclicas. Nuevos estudios y nuevas estratégicas para planteamiento de protocolos terapéuticos, como el empleo de cálculos de extrapolación alométrica, pueden contribuir grandemente para que esa líneade trabajo continúe a evolucionar, trayendo los esperados beneficios para médicos veterinarios, clientes y pacientes.(AU)

Anti- inflammatory effect of amitraz due to inhibition of the gamma-interferon production and mitochondrial activity of the t lymphocytes / Ação anti -inflamatória do amitraz pela inibição da produção de interferon gama e da atividade mitocondrial de linfócitos t

Amitraz, a formamidine pesticide, is one of the selected drugs for the treatment of the canine demodectic mange. Inflammatory alterations are found associated with the presence of high numbers of the mite Demodex canis in the skin. The reasons for the indication of amitraz are based only on its acaricide action. Some authors have suggested analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties for this drug, but few studies have been done to understand the mechanisms that prove such effect. To validate this suggested action, splenic cells from C3H/He mice were cultured and stimulated with either 5g/mL of Concanavalin A (Con A) or 10g/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 in the presence of 0.00; 0.78; 1.56; 3.13; 6.25 and 12.50g/mL of amitraz diluted in arol or equivalent amount of solvent. The viability of the cells was significantly reduced when these cells were cultured for 48 hours with amounts equal or higher than 3.13 g/mL of amitraz. The mitochondrial activity of spleen cells, analyzed by the MTT reduction method, did not change when amitraz was used in concentrations equal or higher than 1.56 g/mL, although this activity was significantly reduced when the spleen cells were stimulated with Con A and then treated with amitraz. The proliferation of T lymphocytes stimulated with Con A did not change when amitraz was used in the concentrations equal or higher

O amitraz, um pesticida formamidínico, é uma das drogas de escolha no tratamento da sarna demodécica canina. Alterações inflamatórias encontram-se associadas à presença, em número elevado, do ácaro Demodex canis na pele. As justificativas para a indicação do amitraz baseiam-se apenas na sua ação acaricida. Embora alguns autores tenham sugerido uma possível ação analgésica e anti-inflamatória, pouco tem-se feito para entender os possíveis mecanismos que proporcionam tal efeito. Para verificar essa sugerida ação, células esplênicas de camundongos C3H/He foram cultivadas e estimuladas com 5g/mL de Concanavalina A (Con A) ou 10g/mL de lipopolissacáride (LPS) de Escherichia coli 0111:B4 em presença de 0,00; 0,78; 1,56; 3,13; 6,25 e 12,50g/mL de amitraz diluído em arol ou quantidade equivalente do diluente. A viabilidade das células foi significativamente reduzida quando cultivadas por 48 horas em quantidades iguais ou superiores a 3,13 g/mL de amitraz. A atividade mitocondrial de esplenócitos, medida pela redução do MTT, não se alterou quando eles foram tratados com amitraz em concentrações iguais a 1,56 g/mL, porém essa atividade foi significativamente reduzida quando os esplenócitos foram estimulados com Con A e posteriormente tratados com amitraz. A proliferação dos linfócitos T estimulada por Con A não se alterou quando se utilizou o amitraz na concentração (1,56g/mL) capa

Eficácia das lactonas macrocíclicas sistêmicas ( ivermectina e moxidectina ) na terapia da demodicidose canina generalizada / Efficacy of systemics macrocyclic lactones ( ivermectin and moxidectin ) for the treatment of generalized canine demodicosis

Avaliou-se a eficácia de lactonas macrocíclicas (ivermectina e moxidectina) sobre a eventual ocorrência de efeitos colaterais e acompanharam-se, após a alta parasitológica, por 12 meses, os cães tratados, visando detectar a recidiva do quadro dermatopático. Dos 63 animais, 59% eram fêmeas, 76% apresentavam precisa definição racial e 67% tinham pelame curto. A ivermectina (0,6mg/kg/dia) foi administrada por via oral a 31 cães, e a moxidectina (0,5mg/kg/cada 72 horas), pela mesma via, a 32 animais. Os tempos médios para a obtenção da primeira negativação do exame parasitológico do raspado cutâneo e para a consecução da alta foram, respectivamente, de 90 e 130 dias para a ivermectina e de 108 e 147 dias para a moxidectina. A ivermectina acarretou menos (16,1%) efeitos colaterais em relação à moxidectina (37,5%) (P=0,03). As recidivas foram, respectivamente, 10,3% e 13% para ivermectina e moxidectina. Não houve diferença entre os dois protocolos de terapia quanto aos percentuais de recidiva (P=0,67) e eficácia (P=0,61). Ambas as lactonas macrocíclicas mostraram-se eficazes: ivermectina 89,7% e moxidectina 87%.(AU)

The efficacy of ivermectin and moxidectin for treatment of generalized canine demodicosis, was evaluated to detect the eventual occurrence of side effects caused by the use of these drugs, and to follow the treated dogs for 12 months after obtaining parasitologic cure. Of 63 dogs, 59% were females, 76% were defined as purebred and 67% had short hair. Ivermectin (0.6mg/kg/daily) was orally administered to 31 dogs and moxidectin (0.5mg/kg/every 72 hours) to 32 dogs. The average number of days to obtain the first negative skin scraping results and the parasitologic cure were, respectively, 90 and 130 days for ivermectin, and 108 and 147 days for moxidectin. Ivermectin caused fewer side effects (16.1%) than moxidectin (37.5%) (P<0.05). The percentages of relapse were, respectively, 10.3% and 13.0% when ivermectin and moxidectin were administered. No difference between protocols of therapy was found for percentage of relapse (P>0.67) and efficacy (P>0.61). Both drugs were effective and safe to treat generalized canine demodicosis: ivermectin 89.7% and moxidectin 87.0%.(AU)

Estudos epidemiológicos sobre demodex canis em Londrina, PR / Estudos epidemiológicos sobre demodex canis em Londrina, PR

Three hundred and forty dog skin scrapings were examined in the Parasitology Laboratory of the veterinary medicine department at the University, of Londrina Paraná, to study the epidemiology of Demodex canist The specimens were obtained from the University Veterinary Hospital and other private clinics in the region from January 1980 to December 1983. Demodex canis was present in 96 scrapings (28,26%) in variable quantities showing clinical relation of the disease. The demodectic mange diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical symptoms and the presence of etiological agent by direct microscopic examination of scrapings in a 10% Potassium hydroxide solution, The following conclusions were made from this study: the dogs between o to 12 months of age were more susceptible; the breed seemed to have an influence on the appearance of demodectic mange; the sex had no influence on the ocurrance of the disease; no variations in the seasonal distribution of the demodectic mange were noticed.

Foram estudados 340 exames de raspado de pele de cães, no Laboratório de Parasitologia do Departamento de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR. Este material, foi colhido de cães com afecções de pele, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário desta Universidade e em clínicas particulares da região, e chegou ao laboratório para pesquisar presença de ectoparasitas, durante o período de janeiro de 1980 a dezembro de 1983. Do total de raspados (340) estudados, 96 (28,24%) apresentaram Oemodex canis , em quantidades e formas variáveis, apresentando relação clínica com a doença. O diagnóstico de sarna demodécica foi baseado na sintomatologia clínica e na presença do agente etiológico no raspado de pele, detectado através de microscopia direta em solução de hidróxido de Potássio (KOH) a 10%. Nas condições em. que foi realizado o presente estudo e baseado nos seus resultados, pode-se concluir que animais entre zero e doze meses de idade são mais susceptíveis; que a raça parece influenciar no aparecimento de sarna demodécica; que o sexo não influenciou na ocorrência de casos positivos, nos animais examinados; que não houve variação sazonal na distribuição dos casos de sarna demodécica.

Estudos epidemiológicos sobre demodex canis em Londrina, PR / Estudos epidemiológicos sobre demodex canis em Londrina, PR

Three hundred and forty dog skin scrapings were examined in the Parasitology Laboratory of the veterinary medicine department at the University, of Londrina Paraná, to study the epidemiology of Demodex canist The specimens were obtained from the University Veterinary Hospital and other private clinics in the region from January 1980 to December 1983. Demodex canis was present in 96 scrapings (28,26%) in variable quantities showing clinical relation of the disease. The demodectic mange diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical symptoms and the presence of etiological agent by direct microscopic examination of scrapings in a 10% Potassium hydroxide solution, The following conclusions were made from this study: the dogs between o to 12 months of age were more susceptible; the breed seemed to have an influence on the appearance of demodectic mange; the sex had no influence on the ocurrance of the disease; no variations in the seasonal distribution of the demodectic mange were noticed.  

Foram estudados 340 exames de raspado de pele de cães, no Laboratório de Parasitologia do Departamento de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR. Este material, foi colhido de cães com afecções de pele, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário desta Universidade e em clínicas particulares da região, e chegou ao laboratório para pesquisar presença de ectoparasitas, durante o período de janeiro de 1980 a dezembro de 1983. Do total de raspados (340) estudados, 96 (28,24%) apresentaram Oemodex canis , em quantidades e formas variáveis, apresentando relação clínica com a doença. O diagnóstico de sarna demodécica foi baseado na sintomatologia clínica e na presença do agente etiológico no raspado de pele, detectado através de microscopia direta em solução de hidróxido de Potássio (KOH) a 10%. Nas condições em. que foi realizado o presente estudo e baseado nos seus resultados, pode-se concluir que animais entre zero e doze meses de idade são mais susceptíveis; que a raça parece influenciar no aparecimento de sarna demodécica; que o sexo não influenciou na ocorrência de casos positivos, nos animais examinados; que não houve variação sazonal na distribuição dos casos de sarna demodécica.