Resumo
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding different concentrations of edible bird's nest (EBN) which is secreted by swiftlet birds (Aerodramus fuciphagus), into EquiPlus® and E-Z Mixin® extenders on the quality of chilled Arabian stallion semen at various storage times (0, 24 and 48 h). Ten ejaculates were collected from five stallions, and diluted using the two extenders containing 0% (control), 0.12%, 0.24% and 0.24% of EBN + seminal plasma (SP). All the diluted semen samples were then cooled and stored at 5 °C, and examined at 0, 24 and 48 h. Sperm kinetic parameters were assessed using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and viability were assessed using Hoechst33342/PI stain. In both extenders, total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) were significantly higher at 0.12% and 0.24% compared to 0.24% + SP at 24 and 48 h. At 0.12%, E-Z mixin® treated semen had significantly higher TM and PM than EquiPlus® at 24 and 48 h. At 0.12% and 0.24%, average path velocity (VAP), straight-line velocity (VSL) and curvilinear velocity (VCL) were significantly higher in E-Z mixin® treated semen compared to EquiPlus® at 24 and 48 h. Comparisons between the two extender types at different concentrations of EBN showed no significant difference in lateral head amplitude (ALH), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), beat cross frequency (BCF) and viability, irrespective of the storage time. The percentage of viable was significantly higher in E-Z mixin® than EquiPlus® at 0 and 48 h in control and 0.12%. Supplementation of the E-Z mixin® extender with 0.12% and 0.24% EBN concentrations in the absence of SP provided better CASA parameters such as TM, PM, VAP, VSL, and VCL at 24 and 48 h storage time. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that chilled semen from Arabian stallion that was extended using E-Z mixin® and supplemented with 0.12% and 0.24% EBN concentrations performed better and yielded superior results in sperm kinetic parameters and % viable compared to EquiPlus® at 24 and 48 h storage time.
Resumo
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding different concentrations of edible birds nest (EBN) which is secreted by swiftlet birds (Aerodramus fuciphagus), into EquiPlus® and E-Z Mixin® extenders on the quality of chilled Arabian stallion semen at various storage times (0, 24 and 48 h). Ten ejaculates were collected from five stallions, and diluted using the two extenders containing 0% (control), 0.12%, 0.24% and 0.24% of EBN + seminal plasma (SP). All the diluted semen samples were then cooled and stored at 5 °C, and examined at 0, 24 and 48 h. Sperm kinetic parameters were assessed using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and viability were assessed using Hoechst33342/PI stain. In both extenders, total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) were significantly higher at 0.12% and 0.24% compared to 0.24% + SP at 24 and 48 h. At 0.12%, EZ mixin® treated semen had significantly higher TM and PM than EquiPlus® at 24 and 48 h. At 0.12% and 0.24%, average path velocity (VAP), straight-line velocity (VSL) and curvilinear velocity (VCL) were significantly higher in E-Z mixin® treated semen compared to EquiPlus® at 24 and 48 h. Comparisons between the two extender types at different concentrations of EBN showed no significant difference in lateral head amplitude (ALH), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), beat cross frequency (BCF) and viability, irrespective of the storage time. The percentage of viable was significantly higher in E-Z mixin® than EquiPlus® at 0 and 48 h in control and 0.12%. Supplementation of the E-Z mixin® extender with 0.12% and 0.24% EBN concentrations in the absence of SP provided better CASA parameters such as TM, PM, VAP, VSL, and VCL at 24 and 48 h storage time. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that chilled semen from Arabian stallion that was extended using E-Z mixin® and supplemented with 0.12% and 0.24% EBN concentrations performed better and yielded superior results in sperm kinetic parameters and % viable compared to EquiPlus® at 24 and 48 h storage time.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cavalos , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Preservação do SêmenResumo
Luffa operculata, popularmente conhecida como buchinha-do-norte, é uma planta usada no combate à sinusite e também para interromper a gravidez. A influência da administração de 1,0mg/kg do extrato aquoso de buchinha-do-norte (EBN) em ratas prenhes (GD17 a GD21) foi analisada, bem como em machos da geração F1, comparados a machos F0. Foi realizada uma avaliação comportamental das fêmeas da geração F0 e dos machos da geração F1 em aparelho de campo aberto e em caixa claro-escuro. Nos machos F1 foram analisadas alterações dos índices de corticosterona, hormônio adrenocorticotrófico (ACTH), melatonina e testosterona séricas, análise das citocinas Il-1, Il-1, Il-6 e TNF-, e análise macroscópica e microscópica dos testículos. Os machos F1 (grupos controle e tratado CGF1 e EGF1) tiveram seus parâmetros comparados aos parâmetros dos machos F0 (grupos controle e tratado CGF0 e EGF0). As ratas da geração F0 tratadas com EBN apresentaram diminuição em parâmetros comportamentais na caixa claro-escuro, com aumento de peso das fêmeas e dos machos da geração F1 dos grupos tratados. Os machos F1 não apresentaram alterações comportamentais significativas em relação aos machos F0. Os testículos de F1 não apresentaram alterações macroscópicas significativas, porém as alterações microscópicas foram mais significativas para os machos F0 tratados do que para os F1. Para os F1, as células de Leydig apresentaram-se em menor número nos machos EGF1. O número de células de Leydig diminuídas não influenciou na quantidade de testosterona produzida por machos F1, em relação aos machos F0. As citocinas IL-1 e IL-6 apresentaram-se aumentadas em CGF0, corticosterona, diminuída em CGF0, ACTH diminuído em EGF1 e melatonina aumentada em EGF1. A administração direta de EBN em ratas prenhes influenciou o comportamento e o peso de fêmeas F0 e de machos F1. Nos machos F1, em relação aos F0, não foram observadas diferenças comportamentais, hormonais, inflamatórias ou morfo-histológicas significativas nos machos F1 que receberam EBN por via transgeracional. A administração transgeracional de EBN mostrou-se menos prejudicial sobre os parâmetros observados nos ratos da geração F1 do que sobre os mesmos parâmetros observados nos ratos da geração F0, que receberam EBN por gavagem. Conclui-se, portanto, que a administração direta de EBN causa alterações comportamentais e fisiológicas, tanto em machos quanto nas fêmeas.
Luffa operculata (popularly known as buchinha-do-norte) is a plant used to fight sinusitis and also to terminate pregnancy. The influence of the administration of 1.0 mg/kg of aqueous extract of buchinha-do-norte (EBN) in pregnant rats (GD17 to GD21) was analyzed, as well as in males of the F1 generation, compared to F0 males. A behavioral evaluation of the females of the F0 generation and of the males of the F1 generation was carried out in an open field device and in a light-dark box. In F1 males, changes in the levels of corticosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), melatonin and serum testosterone were analyzed, as well as the analysis of cytokines Il-1, Il-1, Il-6 and TNF-, and macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the testicles. F1 males (CGF1 and EGF1 control and treated groups) had their parameters ompared to F0 males (CGF0 and EGF0 control and treated groups). The F0 generation rats treated with EBN showed a decrease in behavioral parameters in the light-dark box, with an increase in the weight of the F1 generation males and females in the treated groups. F1 males did not show significant behavioral changes in relation to F0 males. F1 testicles did not show significant macroscopic changes, but microscopic changes were more significant for F0 treated males than for F1 males. For F1, Leydig cells were less frequent in EGF1 males. The number of Leydig cells decreased did not influence the amount of testosterone produced by F1 males, compared to F0 males. The cytokines IL-1 and Il-6 were increased in CGF0, corticosterone, decreased in CGF0, ACTH decreased in EGF1 and melatonin increased in EGF1. The direct administration of EBN in pregnant rats influenced the behavior and weight of F0 females and F1 males. In F1 males, in relation to F0, there were no significant behavioral, hormonal, inflammatory or morpho-histological differences in F1 males who received EBN vertically.
Resumo
Buchinha-do-norte, ou Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn (Cucurbitaceae), é usada popularmente contra sinusite e é abortiva. O presente trabalho verificou os efeitos da exposição vertical à dose subabortiva do extrato aquoso de buchinha-do-norte (EBN) em ratos Wistar adultos jovens da geração filial. Ratas prenhes foram expostas a 1,0 mg/kg de EBN ou água destilada (1,00 mL/kg), por gavagem, entre os dias GD17 e GD21 da gestação. Os filhotes do grupo de mães que receberam água ou que receberam EBN foram identificados como controle (GC) ou experimental (GE). Em PND2, foi realizada a sexagem e a pesagem dos animais. Em PND60, os ratos da geração filial de GC e GE foram submetidos ou não ao estresse induzido pela técnica do metrô de Nova York (grupos GS ou GCS). Os animais foram submetidos à análise comportamental, realizadas com os aparelhos de campo aberto (CA) e de caixa claro-escuro (CCE). Após eutanásia por decapitação, foram retirados fígado, rins e encéfalo para análise macro e microscópica e para quantificação de neurotransmissores nas regiões do hipotálamo, córtex frontal e estriado. Ratas da geração parental expostas ao EBN e seus descendentes masculinos apresentaram aumento de peso, bem como tiveram mais filhotes fêmeas. Machos da geração filial submetidos ao estresse (GES) apresentaram redução na frequência de locomoção e da frequência de levantar e apresentaram aumento do grooming. Os níveis de ácido vanilmandélico, noradrenalina e dopamina no hipotálamo apresentaram-se reduzidos nos ratos de GES, o ácido dihidroxifenilacético teve seus níveis elevados no estriado, enquanto a quantidade de ácido 5-hidroxi-indolacético aumentou no córtex frontal, no grupo GES. A exposição vertical à dose subabortiva de EBN levou ao aumento do peso de ratas primigestas e sua prole masculina, bem como aumentou a porcentagem de filhotes fêmeas nascidas; prejudicou o comportamento locomotor, alterou a concentração de neurotransmissores em ratos da geração filial, embora não tenha alterado histologicamente fígado, rins e encéfalo.
Buchinha-do-norte, or Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn (Cucurbitaceae), is popularly used against sinusitis and is abortive. The present study verified the effects of vertical exposure to the sub-operative dose of the aqueous extract of Buchinha-do-Norte (EBN) in young adult Wistar rats of the filial generation. Pregnant rats were exposed to 1.0 mg/kg EBN or distilled water (1.00 mL/kg) by gavage between GD17 and GD21 days of gestation. The offspring of the group of mothers who received water or who received EBN were identified as control (GC) or experimental (GE). In PND2, the animals were weighted and weighed. In PND60, the rats of the GC and GE branch generation were submitted to or not to stress induced by the New York subway technique (GS or GCS groups). The animals were submitted to behavioral analysis, performed with the open field (CA) and light-dark box (CCE) devices. After decapitation euthanasia, the liver, kidneys and brain were removed for macro and microscopic analysis and for quantification of neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus, frontal cortex and striatum regions. Rats of the parental generation exposed to EBN and their male offspring showed weight gain as well as had more female offspring. Males of the generation submitted to the stress (GES) presented reduction in the frequency of locomotion and the frequency of getting up and showed increased grooming. The levels of vanilmandelic acid, noradrenaline and dopamine in the hypothalamus were reduced in the GES rats, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid had elevated levels in the striatum, while the amount of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid increased in the frontal cortex in the GES group. The vertical exposure to the EBN subabortive dose led to an increase in the weight of primigravida rats and their male offspring, as well as the increase in the number of female offspring born; impaired locomotor behavior, altered the concentration of neurotransmitters in rats of the filial generation, although it did not have histologically altered liver, kidneys and encephalon.
Resumo
A buchinha-do-norte (Luffa operculata, Cucurbitaceae) é usada, popularmente, para aliviar sintomas da sinusite. Informações a respeito da influência da administração da planta sobre o comportamento e sobre o sistema reprodutor de machos não são conhecidas. O presente estudo visou à verificação da influência da aplicação do extrato aquoso de buchinha-do-norte (EBN) em ratos Wistar adultos em relação ao comportamento e ao sistema reprodutor. Foram usados o campo aberto (CA) e o teste claro-escuro (TCE) para avaliação comportamental. Os ratos foram divididos em dois grupos, o grupo de controle (GC) e o grupo experimental (GE). O GE recebeu 1,0 mg/kg por dia de EBN, via oral, durante cinco dias consecutivos, enquanto o GC recebeu água. Após este período, cada animal foi avaliado em CA e em TCE por três min. Depois, os animais foram eutanasiados e os testículos esquerdos foram retirados. No campo aberto, os animais do GE apresentaram diminuição na locomoção e permaneceram menos tempo no centro do aparato, demonstrando uma possível ansiedade. No teste claro-escuro, os animais do GE mostraram maior dificuldade de passar para o lado claro do aparato, com maior permanência no lado escuro, menor deslocamento em ambos os lados, além de terem trocado menos de lado. Estas características podem estar relacionadas ao aparecimento de ansiedade no GE. O peso dos testículos, os pesos relativos, o volume testicular e os eixos craniocaudal e látero-lateral apresentaram aumento em relação ao GC. Alterações microscópicas também foram observadas no parênquima, na luz e no diâmetro dos túbulos seminíferos. A administração de EBN alterou de modo significativo a ansiedade, a locomoção e os testículos de ratos.
Buchinha-do-norte (Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Cucurbitaceae) is popularly used to relieve symptoms of sinusitis, although information on the influence of plant administration over behavior and over the male reproductive system is scarce in the literature and extremely prospective. The present study aims to fulfill the gap of information focusing on quantitatively overseeing the question.The strategy was to observe rat locomotion and anxiety in the open field (OF) and in the light-dark test (LDT), and then observe the macroscopical and microscopical alterations on rats testis. Rats were divided into two groups, control (GC) and experimental (GE). GE received 1.0 mg/kg per day of EBN, orally, for five consecutive days, while GC received water following the same posology. In the 6th day, each animal was evaluated in OF and in LDT for three min each apparatus. Afterwards, the animals were euthanized and the left testicles were removed. In the OF, GE animals showed decreased locomotion and remained less time in the center of the apparatus, demonstrating a possible anxiety. In the LDT, GE animals showed significant difficulty in moving into the light side of the device, remained longer in the dark side, less displacement on both sides and less transitions between sides. These characteristics may be related to the occurrence of anxiety in the GE induced by the EBN administration. Testicle weights, relative weights, testicular volume, cranio-caudal and laterolateral axes presented an increase in relation to the CG. Microscopic changes were also observed in the parenchyma, lumen and diameter of the seminiferous tubules. The administration of EBN significantly altered anxiety, locomotion and the testes of rats.