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A total of 860 Embrapa 051 pullets were allocated into three groups based on their 19-week body weights (heavy: 1.48 kg ± 0.01 SD, N= 172 birds, medium: 1.32 kg ± 0.039 SD, N= 516 birds, light: 1.19 kg ± 0.019 SD, N=172 birds) and housed in floor pens with nests for a 65-week production period. Heavy-weight birds exhibited higher egg production during weeks 24-28, while medium-weight hens surpassed heavy-weight counterparts between weeks 41-46, and light-weight hens outperformed heavy-weight birds in weeks 61-65. From weeks 57-65, no significant egg production differences were noted between heavy and medium-weight hens. Body weight at 19 weeks affected floor eggs, cracked eggs, and double-yolk eggs (P < 0.05) during weeks 22-34. Heavy-weight hens laid fewer floor eggs, medium-weight hens had fewer cracked eggs (0.3%), and light-weight hens produced fewer double-yolk eggs (1.1%). No significant impact of weight grouping on egg weight was observed. Results indicated that body weight at 19 weeks influences the laying cycle, with heavy, medium, and light-weight hens exhibiting distinct egg production patterns, nest use and egg quality traits at different phases of the cycle.

Oitocentas e sessenta frangas Embrapa 051 foram alocadas em três grupos de peso corporal às 19 semanas (pesadas: 1,48 kg ± 0,01 DP, N= 172 aves, médias: 1,32 kg ± 0,039 DP, N= 516 aves, leves: 1,19 kg ± 0,019 DP, N=172 aves) e alojadas em piso com ninhos por 65 semanas. As aves pesadas apresentaram maior produção de ovos nas semanas 24-28, enquanto as médias superaram as pesadas nas semanas 41-46, e as leves superaram as pesadas nas semanas 61-65. Nas semanas 57 a 65, não houve diferenças significativas na produção de ovos entre as aves pesadas e médias. O peso às 19 semanas afetou ovos no chão, ovos trincados e ovos duplos (P < 0,05) nas semanas 22-34. As aves pesadas botaram menos ovos no chão, as médias tiveram menos ovos trincados (0,3%), e as leves produziram menos ovos com duas gemas (1,1%). Não houve impacto significativo do peso inicial no peso dos ovos. Em conclusão, o peso às 19 semanas influencia o ciclo de postura, com aves pesadas, médias e leves exibindo padrões distintos de produção de ovos, uso do ninho e características de qualidade em diferentes fases do ciclo.

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Eggs are a cornerstone of the food industry. They are a versatile ingredient used in a wide variety of products for their rich protein, vitamin and mineral contents. The use of efficient and high-quality eggs is of great importance in hatcheries, as well as in direct food consumption. The use of quality and efficient eggs in hatcheries has a strong impact on chick, egg, and white meat production. Artificial intelligence-based smart systems usage for product quality classification is growing steadily in productive sectors. In many of these systems, product images are used as input data. The use of such smart systems provides both fast and low-error quality control. Smart systems can quickly and accurately classify new products with algorithms trained by product images. In this study, an intelligent classification system using a machine learning algorithm, which is a subfield of artificial intelligence, was designed to classify the quality and efficiency of chick eggs in a chicken hatchery. Eggs are most commonly classified according to their size as either Large (L), Medium (M) or Small (S). In this study, 425 egg images were obtained using the image acquisition system designed on the hatchery belt system, and the data for each egg was recorded in a dataset. In the next stage, image processing methods (Morphological operations and Hough Transform) and the SVM machine learning algorithm were used together in the proposed model. According to our results, the classification of eggs into L, M, and S was successfully achieved at 98.0% using the SVM algorithm on the dataset.(AU)

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This study aimed to compare the egg quality between the bluish-shelled (BSh) and whitish-shelled (WSh) eggs of Taiwanese Tsaiya ducks. Experiments were conducted to determine eggshell thickness and strength, heat absorption capability, and egg yolk lipid peroxidation. Our results showed that the eggshell thickness and strength of BSh eggs were higher than that of WSh eggs during both the autumn and winter seasons (p<0.05). The egg surface temperature in either indoors and outdoors conditions was higher in the BSh group than in the WSh group. The extent of lipid peroxidation was determined to analyze the anti-oxidative ability of egg yolk. When eggs were stored at room temperature in autumn for 0 day and 7 days, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in BSh eggs (1.21±1.04 and 1.49±0.69, respectively) were lower than those of WSh eggs (3.42±1.32 and 3.74±1.86, respectively) (p<0.05). Moreover, TBARs in the BSh group stored at 4°C for 14 days were also lower than those of the WSh group, indicating that despite the heat absorption capability of BSh eggs being higher, the anti-oxidative ability remained sound. Then, we determined serum red blood cells, which are the original source of the anti-oxidant component biliverdin in the egg shell. The results showed that the levels of red blood cells and packed cell volume in the BSh group were higher than those of the WSh group (p<0.05). All in all, we suggest that BSh eggs with higher eggshell thickness and strength and antioxidant capacity may possess greater quality and shelf life.(AU)

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The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of different levels of andiroba oil (AO) in a bioproduct based on andiroba oil (BBAO) on the physical quality, bacteriological concentration, chemical composition, yolk lipid oxidation, and sensory characteristics when coating eggs and storing them for seven days at room temperature. The eggs were arranged in a completely randomized design, in which treatments consisted of a control group (eggs stored for seven days without the application of BBAO) and eggs covered with biofilms produced with BBAO with different levels of AO (1%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). Each treatment contained 50 eggs, and each egg was considered a replicate. Data collected were subjected to Tukey test and linear or polynomial regression at 0.05 statistical significance. The results indicate that the application of BBAO on eggs stored for 7 days at room temperature resulted in better (p<0.05) conservation of their physical quality and chemical composition, and a reduction (p<0.05) or elimination of bacteriological concentrations. This conservation effect became increasingly pronounced as the concentration of AO in the BBAO increased. However, it is crucial to consider the implications of BBAO on sensory characteristics, as higher concentrations of AO in BBAO lead to a decreased (p<0.05) sensory acceptance of the eggs. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of AO in the bioproduct, especially at high levels, can provide better conservation of the eggs for seven days at room temperature, particularly concerning the physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics; however, it can also cause significant changes in sensory attributes.(AU)

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This study examined the effects of age, housing environment, and strain (Lohmann Sandy (LS) and Lohmann LSL Classic (LW)) on egg quality traits. Deep litter (DL), free access to outdoor Mentha piperita (MP), Petroselinum crispum (PC), and Medicago sativa (MS) vegetated environments were examined. A total of 260 four-week-old birds were randomly distributed to DL and outdoor plant-associated groups, with four and three replicates, respectively, and 10 birds per replicate. Eggs were analyzed between 26 and 52 weeks of hen age, every 4 weeks. Overall, all egg quality parameters significantly differed as hen age increased (p<0.01). The housing environment significantly influenced egg weight, shell-breaking strength, shell thickness, egg surface area, and yolk color score. Eggs obtained from DL hens were heavier and had a higher egg surface area than those from MS, PC, and MP hens (p<0.01; p<0.05). However, eggs laid by MS, PC, and MP hens had higher shell-breaking strength and thickness (p<0.01; p<0.05). DL hens had a greater ratio of eggs with meat-blood inclusions in the yolk compared to MS, PC, and MP hens (p<0.05). Shape index, albumen height, albumen index, Haugh unit, and yolk index were similar among housing environments (p>0.05). Strain significantly affected shape index, shell thickness, albumen height, albumen index, Haugh unit, albumen pH, yolk index, and yolk color score. LS eggs had higher shape index, shell thickness, yolk index, and yolk color score (p<0.01; p<0.05). However, LW eggs had greater albumen height, albumen index, Haugh unit, and albumen pH (p<0.01; p<0.05). LW strain had a lower ratio of eggs with meat-blood inclusions compared to LS (p<0.01). Shell-breaking strength and egg surface area did not differ between hen strains (p>0.05). This study showed that allowing hens access to MS, PC, or MP plant species improved shell quality traits. Moreover, it appears that there is a greater genetic variability in albumen and yolk quality traits.(AU)

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This study investigated the effects of dietary aqueous extract of red propolis (AERP) on the performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, and fecal microbiota of laying quails. A total of 120 52-day-old laying quails were randomly divided into four dietary treatments, each consisting of six replicates of 5 animals. The dietary treatments were a control basal diet and basal diets with of 1g of AERP, 2g of AERP, and 0.01g of enramycin per kg of feed for 63 days. Productive performance results such as percentage of egg production, feed intake per quail per day, average egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion rate showed no significant difference between treatments. On the other hand, eggs from quails fed with red propolis showed darker yolk, higher intensity of red, and lower intensity of yellow (p<0.05); as well as lower pH in the yolk. Moreover, microbiological counts on the surface of eggs and feces from diets containing propolis were lower in comparison with other treatments. It is possible to conclude that 1 g of AERP showed promising results as a feed additive for laying quails, since it maintained the productive performance of these animals and caused qualitative enhancements in the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the eggs. Therefore, it could be used as a more natural way to improve quails' egg production.(AU)

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The aim of this study was to assess the internal quality of free-range eggs available for sale in Alfenas ­ MG, Brazil, and stored under refrigerated conditions (maximum and minimum temperatures of 9.7 and 6.7 °C, respectively). The experimental design was completely randomized, structured as a 2x5 factorial arrangement involving two types of retail outlets (supermarket (S) and open-air market (OA)) and five storage periods (1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 days), resulting in 10 treatments. Each treatment had six replicates, represented by individual eggs. The following parameters were evaluated: Haugh unit (HU); percentage of egg weight loss (WL%); percentages of albumen, yolk, and shell; yolk index (YI); albumen index (AI); yolk pH; and yolk color. Egg weight loss increased (p<0.05) with the length of the storage period. Eggs acquired from S were deemed to be of inferior quality (HU < 60), in contrast to those obtained from OA (p<0.05). A significant interaction effect was noted for YI (p<0.05), with eggs from S exhibiting higher YI values than those from OA at 15 and 22 days of storage. Additionally, eggs from S had diminished AI values (p<0.05) when compared to those acquired from OA. The yolk color in eggs from S was more intense than that in eggs from OA (p<0.05). A lower yolk percentage was detected in eggs from S relative to those from OA (p<0.05). Therefore, eggs sold in Alfenas ­ MG, Brazil, from open-air markets possess superior quality compared to those sold in supermarkets.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade interna de ovos tipo caipira comercializados na cidade de Alfenas ­ MG, armazenados sob refrigeração (máxima 9,7°C e mínima 6,7°C). Os ovos foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x5, sendo dois estabelecimentos comerciais (supermercado (S) e feira livre (FL)) e cinco períodos de armazenamento (um, oito, 15, 22, 29 dias) totalizando 10 tratamentos com 6 repetições (ovo) cada. As variáveis analisadas foram unidade Haugh(UH), perda de peso dos ovos (PP%), porcentagem de albúmen, gema e casca, índice de gema (IG) e albúmen (IA), pH de gema e coloração da gema. A PP% aumentou (p<0,05) conforme o período de armazenamento. Os ovos do S foram classificados como de baixa qualidade (UH < 60), diferindo dos ovos da FL (p<0,05). Para o IG observou-se uma interação significativa (p<0,05), de modo que, aos 15 e 22 dias de armazenamento os ovos do S apresentaram maior IG que aqueles provenientes da FL. Os ovos do S apresentaram valores inferiores de IA (p<0,05) em relação aos adquiridos na FL. Ovos do S apresentaram coloração de gema mais acentuada que os ovos comercializados na FL (p<0,05). Constatou-se menor porcentagem de gema dos ovos do S quando comparados com os da FL (p<0,05). Os ovos comercializados na cidade de Alfenas-MG provenientes de feira livre apresentam qualidade superior aos do supermercado.(AU)

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This study was aimed at assessing the egg quality traits of Nigerian indigenous chickens raised under scavenging and improved feeding conditions in relation to exotic chicken's eggs. The study was conducted in Sam Tee farm Nukai Jalingo, Nigeria. The indigenous breed pullets were sourced from villages in Ardo Kola, Lau and Zing L.G.A. The birds were grouped into three treatments Viz: indigenous breed under improved feeding and scavenging conditions and the exotic breed. The indigenous breed pullets under improved feeding condition were placed on grower's diet and gradually replaced with a commercially prepared layers' mash. A total of 336 eggs from the three groups were examined. Eggs weight, length, width, shell thickness and yolk width were measured. Shell ratio, surface area and Haugh unit were calculated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and correlation analysis. There were significant variations in egg weight, egg length and shell thickness between the indigenous and the exotic breed. The indigenous breed reared under improved feeding condition had the longest egg, largest surface area, thicker and heavier shell. Egg weight and surface area have significant positive correlations. In conclusion, Indigenous chickens' performance on some egg quality traits can be enhanced with judicious feeding and management.(AU)

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Eggs are a widely consumed source of protein, with consumers often preferring free-range eggs due to their higher nutritive value and prices. However, dishonest traders sometimes mislabel cage eggs as free-range eggs for unjustified profits. Biochemical methods are currently used to differentiate between caged and free-range eggs, which could involve chemical reagents, sample preparation, and costly instruments. In this study, physical traits measurements were combined with machine learning to identify eggs according to their farming system. Measurements of 27 physical traits for 480 eggs were conducted using simple tools, and the multicollinearity was reduced by comparing correlation coefficients, resulting in 16 physical traits. Multi-layer Perceptron Neural Network, Naive Bayes, Linear Support Vector Classifier, Radial Basis Functions Support Vector Classifier and Random Forest were used to create recognition models, and the leave-one-out cross-validation method was used for training and evaluation. The Multi-layer Perceptron Neural Network achieved the best classification performance with an accuracy of 0.94167, a F1 score of 0.94118. The result demonstrates that the physical traits of eggs provide sufficient features for the Multi-layer Perceptron Neural Network classifier. Compared to mainstream biochemical methods, we proposed a novel approach to differentiate between caged and free-range eggs using only physical trait measurements, thereby avoiding the need for chemical reagents, sample preparation, and expensive instruments.(AU)

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This study was conducted to determine the effects of housing systems (free-range and conventional cage) during the egg-laying phase on the growth, egg production, overall egg weight, and egg quality traits of a new Turkish laying hen hybrid, Akbay. A total of 600 (300 hens per housing system) Akbay laying hen hybrids were used in this study. At the end of the rearing cycle (17 weeks) the average live weight and cumulative feed intake for both groups were 1150.8g and 5067.52g, respectively. The live weight and cumulative feed intake at the onset of laying for both groups were 1198.42g and 5537.77g, respectively. Egg production, average daily feed intake, and average daily feed conversion ratio were significantly higher (p≤0.05) in free-range hens than in hens housed in cages. The live weight at peak production was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in hens housed in cages than in free-range hens. Significant differences (p≤0.05) in terms of internal and external egg quality traits were observed between the housing systems in this study. Generally, the free-range hens had better performance than the hens in cages. It was therefore concluded that the growth performance, egg production, overall egg weight, and egg quality traits of the new Turkish laying hen hybrid Akbay are better in the free-range production system than in convention cages; and that these hens can be housed in the free-range system without any negative effect on performance and egg quality traits.(AU)

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The present studyevaluatedthe effects ofdietary inclusion of spirulina on productive performance,nutrientutilization,and egg qualityof Japanese quails. One hundred twenty quails wereincluded in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates. Treatments consistedof a control diet and three diets containing 0.3, 0.6,or 0.9% of spirulina powder. Spirulina inclusion hadno effect (p>0.05) on the productive performance, digestibility coefficients of dry matter and ether extract, calcium and phosphorus retention, weight and pH of the eggs, yolk index, albumen quality, and eggshell thicknesswhen compared with the control diet. However,crude protein consumption was higher (p<0.05)and the digestibility coefficient of crude protein was lower (p <0.05) inbirdsin the0.9% and 0.3% spirulina inclusiongroups, respectively. Theweightsof the yolk and eggshell were improved (p<0.007) by theinclusion of0.6% and 0.9% and 0.9%spirulina,respectively.Quails fed diets containing 0.3% and 0.6% spirulina exhibited lower specific gravity of eggs(p<0.019)than those fed diets containing 0.9% spirulina.Therefore, spirulina inclusion at 0.9%improvedthe eggshellqualityand reduced thetotal lipidlevelsin the yolks.(AU)

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The physical parameters of eggs significantly impact embryo development and hatching success. This study aimed to examine the influence of the egg shape index (SI), specific gravity (SG), weight loss (WL), and area-volume ratio (AV) on hatching eggs from brown-layer hen grandparents. A total of 7,500 eggs were randomly selected from two batches of Lohmann Brown grandparents at various ages (39, 44, 50, 58, and 66 weeks). SG was determined by flotation (1,070 to 1,090 g/L), while egg length, width, and weight were measured digitally. Each egg was tracked to determine hatching success, with unhatched eggs collected for embryonic diagnosis. Physical parameters were categorized into minor, intermediate, and major groups, based on viability frequency; and embryonic mortality was analyzed using the chi-square test and odds ratio (OR). The study found a lower probability of embryo death in eggs with intermediate SI (75.1% to 79%) and AV (1.01 cm²/cm³ to 1.04 cm²/cm³). No significant differences were observed between SG and WL groups. SI proved to be a reliable parameter for assessing egg quality and predicting hatchability.(AU)

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This study evaluated the zootechnical performance, egg quality, and behavior of Japanese quails in the laying phase housed in cages of different densities and with or without environmental enrichment. A total of 224 quail were used and distributed into two groups: one with a housing density of 122.7 cm2 bird-1 and one with a housing density of 157.8 cm2 bird-1, each with and without environmental enrichment. The results showed that environmental enrichment did not influence the zootechnical performance parameters of the quail. However, housing density independently affected performance, except for egg mass and bird viability. A lower density (157.8 cm2 bird-1) resulted in greater specific egg weight, albumen percentage, and shell thickness. The interaction between density and environmental enrichment revealed that eggs from quail housed at higher density without enrichment had a greater yolk percentage, while quails housed at lower density without enrichment had a greater shell percentage. The tonic immobility time of the quails was not affected by treatment with different densities or environmental enrichment agents. It can be concluded that a lower housing density, with seven quail per cage (157.8 cm2 bird-1), regardless of environmental enrichment, provides better zootechnical performance and egg quality.(AU)

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O ovo é um alimento altamente nutritivo rico em proteínas e vitaminas, porém como todos os produtos de origem animal o ovo perde qualidade rapidamente na ausência de adequados métodos de conservação, nesse sentido foi conduzido um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de ovos de codorna não refrigerados, submetidos ao tratamento superficial da casca utilizando solução de geoprópolis da espécie Melipona interrupta. Os parâmetros de qualidade analisados foram: perda de peso; pH da gema e pH do albúmen. Foi realizada análise de variância usando um modelo incluindo os efeitos do tratamento superficial da casca, do tempo de estocagem, e da interação entre esses fatores. Como não houve interação entre os tratamentos e o tempo de estocagem, as médias do tratamento superficial da casca dos ovos foram comparadas pelo teste T a 5% de probabilidade e as médias dos efeitos do tempo de estocagem foram comparadas pelo teste SNK (Student Newman-Keuls) a 5% de probabilidade. Com o aumento do tempo de estocagem, os ovos apresentaram aumento na perda de peso, pH da gema e pH do albúmen, independente de terem recebido ou não o tratamento superficial na casca. O revestimento superficial da casca de ovos de codornas com solução de geoprópolis a 10% não é eficaz em manter a qualidade interna dos ovos ao longo de 55 dias de armazenamento.

The egg is a highly nutritious food rich in proteins and vitamins, however, like all products of animal origin, the egg loses quality quickly in the absence of adequate conservation methods. non-refrigerated quail, subjected to surface treatment of the shell using geoprópolis solution of the Melipona interruptaspecies. The quality parameters analyzed were weight loss: Yolk pH and albumen pH. Analysis of variance was performed using a model including the effects of surface treatment of the shell, storage time, and the interaction between these factors. As there was no interaction between treatments and storage time, the means of surface treatment of the egg shells were compared using the T test at 5% probability and the means of the effects of storage time were compared using the SNK test (Student Newman-Keuls) at 5% probability. With increasing storage time, the eggs showed an increase in weight loss, yolk pH and albumen pH, regardless of whether they had received surface treatment on the shell. The surfacecoating of quail eggshells with 10% geoprópolis solution is not effective in maintaining the internal quality of the eggs over 55 days of storage.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da idade das poedeiras sobre a qualidade dos ovos armazenados sob refrigeração ou temperatura ambiente. Foram utilizados 960 ovos de poedeiras comerciais com 32, 52 e 72 semanas de idade, armazenados por sete, 14, 21 e 28 dias. Adotou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 4 (idade x período de armazenamento). As variáveis analisadas foram: perda de peso do ovo em grama (PPG) e porcentagem (PPP), unidade Haugh (UH), índice de gema (IG), porcentagem de albúmen (PA), gema (PG) e casca (PC), pH de gema (pHG) e albúmen (pHA), coloração da gema (CG) e gravidade específica (GE). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e a diferença entre médias foi analisada pelo teste Tukey (p<0,05). Ovos de aves mais novas sob temperatura ambiente apresentaram menores valores de PPG e PPP, 4,00g e 6,50%, respectivamente. A UH de ovos de aves com 52 semanas apresentou valores acima de 71, enquanto 32 e 72 semanas aos 14 dias já estavam abaixo de 60. A PA decresceu e PG aumentou. Em ovos refrigerados, as máximas PPG e PPP foram 1,13g e 1,81%, respectivamente, em aves de 32 semanas. Aos 28 dias, a UH de ovos em todas as idades de aves avaliadas apresentaram valores acima de 80. Conclui-se que os ovos armazenados em temperatura ambiente sofrem diminuição mais acentuada em sua qualidade, principalmente em aves com idade mais avançada. Em ovos sob refrigeração, estes conseguiram manter valores de qualidade interna considerados excelentes.(AU)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of eggs from birds of different ages and storage periods at room temperature and refrigeration. 960 eggs from commercial layers aged 32, 52 and 72 weeks were used, and stored for seven, 14, 21 and 28 days. A completely randomized design was adopted in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme (age x storage period). The following were analyzed: egg weight loss (PPO) in grams and percentage, Haugh unit (HU), yolk index, percentage of albumen, yolk and shell, pH of yolk and albumen, yolk color and specific gravity. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the difference between means was analyzed using the Tukey test (p<0.05). Eggs at room temperature showed an increase in PPO according to the days of storage and in older birds, reaching 6.41g and 10%. The HU in eggs from birds aged 52 weeks presented a value above 71, the others at 14 days already presented a value below 60. The percentage of albumen decreased, and the yolk increased. In refrigerated eggs, the maximum PPO was 1.13g and 1.81% in birds aged 32 weeks. The HU at 28 days in all treatments obtained values above 80. The percentages of yolk and albumen also varied a little. It is concluded that eggs stored at room temperature suffer a more pronounced decrease in quality, especially in older birds. In refrigerated eggs, these managed to maintain internal quality values considered excellent.(AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la calidad de huevos de aves de diferentes edades y periodos de almacenamiento a temperatura ambiente y refrigeración. Se utilizaron 960 huevos de ponedoras comerciales de 32, 52 y 72 semanas de edad, almacenados durante siete, 14, 21 y 28 días. Se adoptó un diseño completamente al azar en un esquema factorial 3 x 4 (edad x período de almacenamiento). Se analizó: pérdida de peso del huevo (PPO) en gramos y porcentaje, unidad Haugh (UH), índice de yema, porcentaje de albúmina, yema y cáscara, pH de yema y albúmina, color de yema y gravedad específica. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza y la diferencia entre medias se analizó mediante la prueba de Tukey (p<0,05). Los huevos a temperatura ambiente mostraron un aumento de la PPO según los días de almacenamiento y en aves de mayor edad, alcanzando 6,41g y 10%. La HU en huevos de aves de 52 semanas presentó un valor superior a 71, los demás a los 14 días ya presentaron un valor inferior a 60. El porcentaje de albúmina disminuyó y la yema aumentó. En huevos refrigerados, la PPO máxima fue de 1,13g y 1,81% en aves de 32 semanas. La UH a los 28 días en todos los tratamientos obtuvo valores superiores a 80. Los porcentajes de yema y albúmina también variaron poco. Se concluye que los huevos almacenados a temperatura ambiente sufren una disminución de calidad más pronunciada, especialmente en aves de mayor edad. En los huevos refrigerados estos lograron mantener valores de calidad interna considerados excelentes.(AU)

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This study evaluated the zootechnical performance of 192 laying quails, receiving diets with different levels of crude protein (18 and 19%) and metabolizable energy (2,500, 2,600, 2,700 and 2,800 kcal/kg), in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement. The experiment consists of four experimental periods of 28 days each, where feed intake (g/bird), feed conversion (by dozens of eggs and egg mass), laying rate, weight and mass of eggs and indices of egg quality (yolk, shell and albumen content, shell thickness, Haugh unit). Results indicated that reducing feed energy levels to 2,500 and 2,600 kcal/kg increased feed intake (P < 0.05). However, reducing protein levels to 18% did not change (P > 0.05) feed intake. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in laying rate, feed conversion per dozen eggs and egg mass, and egg quality indices, in relation to energy or protein levels. There were no interactions between dietary energy and protein levels. In conclusion, the reduction of metabolizable energy levels to 2,500 kcal/kg and crude protein to 18% in diets for laying quails, from 52 to 68 weeks of age, is a viable alternative to reduce production costs, without harming performance and egg quality.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho zootécnico de 192 codornas em fase de postura, recebendo dietas com diferentes níveis de proteína bruta (18 e 19%) e energia metabolizável (2.500, 2.600, 2.700 e 2.800 kcal/kg), em um arranjo fatorial 2x4. O experimento consistiu em quatro períodos experimentais de 28 dias cada, em que foi avaliado o consumo de ração (g/ave), conversão alimentar (por dúzias e por massa de ovos), taxa de postura, peso e massa dos ovos e índices de qualidade dos ovos (índice de gema, casca e albúmen, espessura da casca, unidade Haugh). Os resultados indicaram que a redução dos níveis de energia da ração para 2.500 e 2.600 kcal/kg aumentou o consumo de ração (P < 0,05). No entanto, a redução dos níveis de proteína para 18% não alterou (P > 0,05) o consumo de ração. Não foram observadas diferenças (P > 0,05) na taxa de postura, conversão alimentar por dúzias de ovos e massa de ovos e nos índices de qualidade dos ovos, em relação aos níveis de energia ou proteína. Não houve interação entre os níveis de energia e proteína da dieta. Em conclusão, a redução dos níveis de energia metabolizável para 2.500 kcal/kg e proteína bruta para 18% em dietas de codornas em fase de postura, de 52 a 68 semanas de idade, é uma alternativa viável para reduzir custos de produção sem perdas no desempenho e qualidade dos ovos.

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O ovo de codorna é um alimento equilibrado e completo em nutrientes. No entanto, é importante o armazenamento adequado, visando minimizar a perda de todo esse potencial nutritivo apresentado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de ovos de codornas comercializados durante as estações de inverno e verão em diferentes estabelecimentos comerciais no município de Aquidauana - MS. Foram utilizados 960 ovos (480 em cada estação do ano), adquiridos em quatro diferentes estabelecimentos comerciais. As variáveis analisadas foram: peso do ovo (PO), unidade Haugh (UH), índice de gema (IG), cor de gema crua (COR), porcentagem de gema (PG), albúmen (PA) e casca (PCA), pH de gema (pHG) e albúmen (pHA), gravidade específica (GE) e espessura de casca (EC). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância para verificar os efeitos dos fatores estudados e a comparação entre as médias dos tratamentos foi realizada por meio do teste de Tukey (p<0,05). A qualidade dos ovos reduziu no verão, influenciando negativamente as variáveis: PO, UH, PA e PG, sobretudo o pHA. Embora tenha sido prejudicada, a UH ainda apresentou valores considerados excelentes, com mínimo encontrado de 77,81. Houve também diferenças na qualidade dos ovos entre os estabelecimentos avaliados, com menores valores analisados no estabelecimento 1. Conclui-se que no verão os ovos são mais suscetíveis a perda de qualidade em relação ao inverno em estabelecimentos que armazenam os em temperatura ambiente.(AU)

Quail eggs are a balanced and nutrient-dense food. However, adequate storage is important, aiming to minimize the loss of all this nutritional potential presented. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of quail eggs sold during the winter and summer seasons in different commercial establishments in the municipality of Aquidauana - MS. 960 eggs were used (480 in each season of the year), purchased from four different commercial establishments. The variables analyzed were egg weight (PO), Haugh unit (UH), yolk index (IG), raw yolk color (COR), percentage of yolk (PG), albumen (PA) and shell (PCA), Yolk pH (pHG) and albumen (pHA), specific gravity (GE) and shell thickness (EC). The data were subjected to analysis of variance to verify the effects of the studied factors and the comparison between treatment means was performed using the Tukey test (p<0.05). Egg quality showed a reduction in the summer, affecting variables such as PO, UH, PA and PG, especially pHA. Even with these reductions, UH still presented values considered excellent, with a minimum found of 77.81. There were also differences in egg quality between the establishments evaluated, with lower values analyzed in establishment 1. It is concluded that eggs are more susceptible to loss of quality in summer compared to winter in establishments with storage at room temperature.(AU)

Los huevos de codorniz son un alimento equilibrado y rico en nutrientes. Sin embargo, es importante un almacenamiento adecuado, con el objetivo de minimizar la pérdida de todo este potencial nutricional presentado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la calidad de los huevos de codorniz comercializados durante las temporadas de invierno y verano en diferentes establecimientos comerciales del municipio de Aquidauana - MS. Se utilizaron 960 huevos (480 en cada época del año), adquiridos en cuatro establecimientos comerciales diferentes. Las variables analizadas fueron: peso del huevo (PO), unidad Haugh (HU), índice de yema (IG), color de yema cruda (COR), porcentaje de yema (PG), albúmina (PA) y cáscara (PCA), pH de la yema (pHG) y albúmina (pHA), gravedad específica (GE) y espesor de la cáscara (EC). Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza para verificar los efectos de los factores estudiados y la comparación entre medias de tratamientos se realizó mediante la prueba de Tukey (p<0,05). La calidad del huevo mostró una reducción en el verano, afectando variables como PO, UH, PA y PG, especialmente pHA. Aún con estas reducciones, UH aún presentó valores considerados excelentes, con un mínimo encontrado de 77,81. También hubo diferencias en la calidad del huevo entre los establecimientos evaluados, analizándose valores menores en el establecimiento 1. Se concluye que los huevos son más susceptibles a la pérdida de calidad en verano en comparación con el invierno en establecimientos con almacenamiento a temperatura ambiente.(AU)

Resumo

This study assessed the effect of strain and enriched cage stocking density on performance, egg size distribution, egg quality, and welfare status in laying hens. Lohmann brown (LB) and Lohmann LSL Classic (LW) strains at 20 weeks of age were allotted to different cage stocking densities, with 1016, 762, or 610 cm2 of cage floor area per hen. Live body weight at the age at sexual maturity and at 52 weeks of age, feather condition, and some egg quality parameters differed between hen strains and among stocking densities (p<0.01; p<0.05). However, age at sexual maturity, livability, egg production, heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and duration of tonic immobility were similar between hen strains and among stocking densities (p>0.05). Furthermore, egg size distribution was similar between hen strains (p>0.05), but dissimilar among stocking densities (p<0.01). Rectal and comb temperatures differed between hen strains and among stocking densities, respectively (p<0.01; p<0.05). The age of hens influenced egg quality variables (except for egg weight and shape index), feather condition, and body region temperatures (p<0.01). These results suggest that an enriched cage floor area of up to 610 cm2 per hen does not compromise production performance and welfare status, except for the body weight of laying hens. Additionally, the two strains might be at similar levels regarding overall performance and welfare status, excluding body weight and feather condition.(AU)

Resumo

Five hundred sixty eggs from commercial layers aged 74 weeks were subjected to sanitization and shell-covering procedures. The treatments consisted of two egg sanitization methods, sanitized (S) and not sanitized (NS), and two methods of shell covering, not covered (NC) and covered (C) with whey protein concentrate solution, arranged in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme (sanitization × shell coating), with five replications obtained from the average of four eggs evaluated in seven storage periods (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days). Albumen pH and yolk lipid oxidation using the TBARS test were evaluated. The averages for each period were submitted to analysis of variance, any differences observed were submitted to the Tukey test (5%), and regression analysis was performed between periods for each method. Using SDS-PAGE, the protein profile of albumen at 1 and 42 days was evaluated descriptively. Using methods S and NS, the pH and TBARS of eggs did not change on any of the days evaluated (P>0.05). Methods C and NC had similar pH values (P>0.05) only when using fresh eggs; however, the pH was higher when using eggs from Method NC (P<0.0001) compared with Method C. For all techniques, the analysis of pH regression between periods revealed quadratic behavior. While regression analysis demonstrated an increasing linear behavior for all methods, the TBARS analysis results for C and NC on all evaluated days were comparable (P>0.05). Whey protein concentrate does not affect the pH of sanitized eggs. The protein profile of the albumen and TBARS values of egg yolks stored at room temperature are unaffected by sanitation and whey protein concentrate covering, and TBARS values increase over storage days in all cases.(AU)

Avaliou-se 560 ovos de poedeiras comerciais com 74 semanas submetidos a procedimentos de sanitização e recobrimento da casca. Os tratamentos utilizados consistiram de dois métodos de sanitização de ovos, sanitizados (S) e não sanitizados (NS), e dois métodos de cobertura da casca, não coberta (NC) e coberta (C) com solução concentrada de proteína de soro de leite, dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2 (sanitização x recobrimento da casca), com cinco repetições obtidas da média de quatro ovos avaliados em sete períodos de armazenamento (um, sete, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias). Foram avaliados o pH do albúmen e a oxidação lipídica da gema pelo teste TBARS. Os resultados das médias de cada período foram submetidos à análise de variância e quando observado diferenças foram submetidas ao teste de Tukey (5%) e foi realizada análise de regressão entre períodos para cada método. Utilizando eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE), o perfil proteico do albúmen em um e 42 dias foi avaliado descritivamente. Utilizando os métodos S e NS, o pH e TBARS dos ovos não se alteraram (P>0,05) em nenhum dos dias avaliados. Os métodos C e NC apresentaram valores de pH semelhantes (P>0,05) apenas quando utilizaram ovos frescos; entretanto, ao utilizar ovos do Método NC, o pH foi superior (P<0,0001) ao do Método C. Para todas as técnicas, a análise de regressão do pH entre os períodos revelou comportamento quadrático. Embora a análise de regressão tenha demonstrado comportamento linear crescente para todos os métodos, o resultado da análise TBARS para C e NC em todos os dias avaliados foi semelhante (P>0,05). O concentrado protéico de soro de leite não afeta o pH dos ovos higienizados. O perfil proteico do albúmen e os valores de TBARS das gemas armazenadas em temperatura ambiente não são afetados pela higienização e pela cobertura do concentrado protéico de soro de leite, e os valores de TBARS aumentam ao longo dos dias de armazenamento em todos os casos.(AU)

Resumo

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of supplementing quail diets with organic selenium (Se) at various concentrations and inorganic Se on performance, egg quality, and storage time under different conditions. In the performance trial, 360 quail aged 27 weeks were included in a completely randomized design comprising six treatments: Basal Diet; 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, and 0.60 ppm of organic Se; and 0.60 ppm of inorganic Se, supplemented "on top" of the basal diet. Six replications were used, each with 10 birds per experimental unit. For the evaluation of storage time and conditions, 720 quail eggs were employed in a completely randomized design. The design featured a 6×5×2 factorial arrangement consisting of six treatments derived from the performance trial, five storage times (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days), and two storage forms (refrigerated and non-refrigerated). Each replication contained one egg, totaling 12 replications. Results indicated no significant effect of organic or inorganic Se supplementation in the diets on performance or egg quality. However, Se concentration increased linearly in eggs from quail fed increasing levels of this nutrient. Selenium supplementation affected storage time and egg quality under refrigerated and room-temperature conditions. In conclusion, on-top Se supplementation at concentrations ranging from 0.15 to 0.60 ppm, whether in organic or inorganic forms, does not impact quail performance. Nevertheless, it leads to increased Se deposition in eggs, contributing to the maintenance of egg quality throughout the storage period.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a suplementação de selênio orgânico (Se org.) em diferentes concentrações e de selênio inorgânico (Se inorg.) nas rações de codornas sobre o desempenho; qualidade dos ovos; e tempo e condições de armazenamento. No ensaio de desempenho foram utilizadas 360 codornas com 27 semanas de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) composto por seis tratamentos: Ração Basal; 0,15; 0,30; 0,45; e 0,60 ppm de Se org. e 0,60 ppm de Se inorg. suplementados on top à ração basal, com seis repetições e dez aves por unidade experimental. Para avaliar o tempo e condições de armazenamento foram utilizados 720 ovos de codornas distribuídos em DIC, com esquema fatorial 6x5x2 (sendo seis tratamentos provenientes do ensaio de desempenho; cinco tempos de estocagem (7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias); e duas formas de estocagem (refrigerada e não refrigerada), com doze repetições contendo um ovo cada. Não houve efeito na suplementação de Se org. e Se inorg. nas rações sobre desempenho e qualidade dos ovos. Houve aumento linear na concentração de Se nos ovos de codornas alimentadas com níveis crescentes deste nutriente. Houve efeito da suplementação com selênio sobre o tempo de estocagem na qualidade de ovos mantidos sob refrigeração e em temperatura ambiente. Conclui-se que a suplementação, on top, de níveis entre 0,15 e 0,60 ppm de selênio nas formas orgânica ou inorgânica, não altera o desempenho das codornas, acentuando, contudo, a deposição desse mineral nos ovos, favorecendo a manutenção da qualidade ao longo do tempo de armazenamento.(AU)