Relation of fibrocartilaginous embolism and acute and non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion with imaging tests: case report / Relação de embolia fibrocartilaginosa e extrusão aguda e não-compressiva do núcleo pulposus com testes de imagem: relato de caso

Fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCEM) and acute, non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (ANNPE) are non-compressive myelopathies that are difficult to differentiate. The definitive diagnosis is obtained only with histology, but the presumptive diagnosis is made through clinical signs and imaging tests. The aim of this study is to report the imaging tests performed for the diagnosis of a neurological clinical case and discuss the best diagnostic method. After attending the patient, complementary tests were requested. Radiography results showed no change. The computed tomography diagnostic impression indicated distal protrusion between C6-C7, T11-T12, T13-L1 followed by mild spinal cord compression defined by the presence of a ventral hyperattenuating region. Magnetic resonance (RMI), showed a slight T2W hypersignal, well delimited in the gray matter, lateralized to the right, over the cranial third of C7. Concluding that the magnetic resonance is the method that brought more information for the diagnosis, in which the others were not described medullary alterations pertinent to FCEM and ANNPE. With their fair prognosis, the absence of histological diagnosis of these diseases may be a limiting factor in this study and, in relation to the RMI alterations being very similar between FCEM and ANNPE it is not possible to diagnose fully accurately.

A embolia fibrocartilaginosa (EFC) e a extrusão aguda não compressiva do núcleo pulposo (EANCNP) são mielopatias não compressivas de difícil diferenciação. O diagnóstico definitivo é obtido apenas com a histologia, mas o diagnóstico presuntivo é feito por meio de sinais clínicos e exames de imagem. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar os exames de imagem realizados para o diagnóstico de um caso clínico neurológico e discutir o melhor método diagnóstico. Após o atendimento do paciente, foram solicitados exames complementares. Os resultados da radiografia não mostraram nenhuma alteração. A impressão diagnóstica da tomografia computadorizada indicou protrusão distal entre C6-C7, T11-T12, T13-L1, seguida de leve compressão medular definida pela presença de região hiperatenuante ventral. À ressonância magnética (RM), apresentava discreto hipersinal em T2W, bem delimitado na substância cinzenta, lateralizado à direita, sobre o terço cranial de C7. Concluiu-se que a ressonância magnética é o método que mais trouxe informações para o diagnóstico, os demais métodos não foram descritos alterações medulares pertinentes à EFC e à EANCNP. Com seu prognóstico favorável, a ausência de diagnóstico histológico dessas doenças pode ser um fator limitante neste estudo. Em relação às alterações do RM serem muito semelhantes entre EFC e EANCNP, não é possível diagnosticar com total precisão.

Bilateral testicular tumors in a non-cryptorchid dog: coexistence of Sertoli cell and interstitial endocrine cell tumors

Background: Testicular neoplasms in dogs are more frequent than in other animal species, representing the most common tumors in elderly subjects after skin neoplasms. In cryptorchid subjects, the risk of neoplastic degeneration is high. The cytological examination is essential to differentiate the type of neoplasia and to determinate the best diagnostic approach. Aim of this report was to describe clinical and histopathological features of a dog with coexistence of Sertoli cell and interstitial endocrine cell tumors in a non-cryptorchid dog. Case: A 9-year-old non-neutered male dog, German Spitz breed, was presented to the veterinary clinic. On clinical examination, the dog had a body condition (BCS 6/9), pink mucous membranes, capillary refill time (CRT) < 2 sec, lymph nodes of normal size, afebrile, normal heart and respiratory rate. The abdomen was depressible to palpation, without pain, the skin appeared hyperpigmented, with generalized presence of comedones, pendular foreskin and absence of hair at the abdominal level, in the ventral portion of the trunk and neck, scant hair also at the level of the inner thighs and in perianal. At ultrasounds examinations, the right testicle presented a hypoechoic circular focal lesion, in the caudal pole, of 0.7 cm in diameter, well defined, echogenicity and a remnant of normal echostructure, smooth and regular margins; the left testicle showed an increase in size, irregular margins, with a heterogeneous echo structure, given by hypoechoic areas, referred to cysts, hemorrhagic or necrotic areas. The hemogram reported slightly microcytic and normochromic regenerative anemia. The leukogram showed monocytosis. The absence of the typical stress leukogram characterized by neutrophilia, lymphopenia and eosinopenia, and the reduction of ALP allows to rule out Cushing's disease. In order to rule out hypothyroidism due to the inhibitory effect of estrogens on the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) the concentration of total thyroxine was analyzed, reporting normal values excluding hypothyroidism. Blood oestradiol 17-ß (E2) concentration was increased, with a normal testosterone (T) concentration of 0.30 ng/mL. Given the suspicion of the presence of testicular tumors, castration was performed by the surgical excision of both gonads, after ruling out the presence of abdominal or pulmonary metastases by chest and abdominal radiography. Discussion: The clinical, histopathological findings supported the diagnosis of testicular tumors. According to the pathological report, both gonads presented parenchymal nodular neoplastic nodular areas referring to the Sertoli sustentacular cells in the right testicle, to the proliferation of Leydig interstitial cells in the left one. The nodule in the left testicle was unencapsulated and showed a solid-diffuse pattern. Neoplastic cells were irregular polygonal, medium to large in size with moderate nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and moderate anisocytosis. In the right testicle, the nodule was heterogeneous in consistency and a diffuse pattern was present. Neoplastic cells were polygonal morphology, had a moderate nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and were organized tubules lined and obliterated the extensive cell growth. Bilateral orchiectomy allowed to improve the clinical signs, and 3 months after surgery, the animal was in good health, with evident improvement skin lesions. The E2 analysis was repeated, detecting normal values, demonstrating that testicular neoplasm in this patient were involved in E2 production; also T concentration decreased considerably from 0.30 to < 0.07 values.

Causes of death in growing-finishing pigs in two technified farms in southern Brazil / Causas de morte em suínos de crescimento e terminação em duas granjas tecnificadas no Sul do Brasil

The aim of this study was to investigate the main causes of death in growing-finishing pigs in southern Brazil. During a one-year period (from 2018 to 2019), two industrial pig herds (18 and 20 thousand pigs each farm) in southern Brazil were monitored along the four seasons of the year (12 days per season on each farm), in order to perform necropsies of all pigs that died in that period. The two farms had an average monthly mortality rate ranging from 0.94 to 3.93% in the evaluated months. At necropsy, tissues were collected, fixed in 10% formalin solution and processed routinely for histopathological examination. When necessary, samples were sent for bacterial culture and PCR to identify etiologic agents. A total of 601 necropsies were performed, with 94.9% of conclusive diagnoses. Infectious diseases corresponded to 64.4% of conclusive diagnosis and non-infectious diseases to 35.6%. The most prevalent causes of death were: pneumonia (33%), gastric ulcers (15.4%), circovirosis (9.9%), systemic bacterial embolism (5.4%), polyserositis (4.4%), dilated cardiomyopathy and torsion of abdominal organs (4.3% each), and bacterial pericarditis (3.4%). Regarding pneumonias (199/601), the main agents identified in these cases were Pasteurella multocida, Influenza A virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, mainly in associations.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar as principais causas de morte de suínos em fase de crescimento e terminação no Sul do Brasil. Durante o período de um ano (entre 2018 e 2019), duas granjas tecnificadas de suínos no Sul do Brasil foram acompanhadas nas quatro estações (12 dias por estação em cada granja), para realização de necropsias dos suínos que morreram nesse período. As duas propriedades apresentavam mortalidade mensal média entre 0,94 e 3,93% nos meses avaliados. Na necropsia, amostras de órgãos foram colhidas, fixadas em formol 10% e processadas rotineiramente para o exame histopatológico. Quando necessário, amostras foram enviadas para o cultivo bacteriano e PCR para identificação de agentes etiológicos. Foram realizadas um total de 601 necropsias, com 94,9% de diagnósticos conclusivos. As doenças infecciosas corresponderam a 64,4% dos diagnósticos conclusivos e as não infecciosas a 35,6%. As principais causas de morte foram: pneumonias (33%), úlcera gástrica (15,4%), circovirose (9,9%), embolia bacteriana sistêmica (5,4%), polisserosite (4,4%), cardiomiopatia dilatada e torção de órgãos abdominais (4,3% cada) e pericardite bacteriana (3,4%). Com relação às pneumonias (199/601), os principais agentes associadas as lesões foram Pasteurella multocida, vírus da Influenza A e Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, principalmente associados entre si.(AU)

Causes of death in growing-finishing pigs in two technified farms in southern Brazil / Causas de morte em suínos de crescimento e terminação em duas granjas tecnificadas no Sul do Brasil

The aim of this study was to investigate the main causes of death in growing-finishing pigs in southern Brazil. During a one-year period (from 2018 to 2019), two industrial pig herds (18 and 20 thousand pigs each farm) in southern Brazil were monitored along the four seasons of the year (12 days per season on each farm), in order to perform necropsies of all pigs that died in that period. The two farms had an average monthly mortality rate ranging from 0.94 to 3.93% in the evaluated months. At necropsy, tissues were collected, fixed in 10% formalin solution and processed routinely for histopathological examination. When necessary, samples were sent for bacterial culture and PCR to identify etiologic agents. A total of 601 necropsies were performed, with 94.9% of conclusive diagnoses. Infectious diseases corresponded to 64.4% of conclusive diagnosis and non-infectious diseases to 35.6%. The most prevalent causes of death were: pneumonia (33%), gastric ulcers (15.4%), circovirosis (9.9%), systemic bacterial embolism (5.4%), polyserositis (4.4%), dilated cardiomyopathy and torsion of abdominal organs (4.3% each), and bacterial pericarditis (3.4%). Regarding pneumonias (199/601), the main agents identified in these cases were Pasteurella multocida, Influenza A virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, mainly in associations.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar as principais causas de morte de suínos em fase de crescimento e terminação no Sul do Brasil. Durante o período de um ano (entre 2018 e 2019), duas granjas tecnificadas de suínos no Sul do Brasil foram acompanhadas nas quatro estações (12 dias por estação em cada granja), para realização de necropsias dos suínos que morreram nesse período. As duas propriedades apresentavam mortalidade mensal média entre 0,94 e 3,93% nos meses avaliados. Na necropsia, amostras de órgãos foram colhidas, fixadas em formol 10% e processadas rotineiramente para o exame histopatológico. Quando necessário, amostras foram enviadas para o cultivo bacteriano e PCR para identificação de agentes etiológicos. Foram realizadas um total de 601 necropsias, com 94,9% de diagnósticos conclusivos. As doenças infecciosas corresponderam a 64,4% dos diagnósticos conclusivos e as não infecciosas a 35,6%. As principais causas de morte foram: pneumonias (33%), úlcera gástrica (15,4%), circovirose (9,9%), embolia bacteriana sistêmica (5,4%), polisserosite (4,4%), cardiomiopatia dilatada e torção de órgãos abdominais (4,3% cada) e pericardite bacteriana (3,4%). Com relação às pneumonias (199/601), os principais agentes associadas as lesões foram Pasteurella multocida, vírus da Influenza A e Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, principalmente associados entre si.(AU)

Ischemic myelopathy caused by fibrocartilaginous embolism in a horse / Mielopatia isquêmica associada a embolismo fibrocartilaginoso em um equino

This report described clinical, epidemiological, and pathological aspects of ischemic myelopathy caused by fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE) in a 10-year-old, mixed breed gelding. Clinically, the horse presented acute hind limbs paralysis, with a clinical course of approximately 24 hours. At necropsy, no gross lesions were observed. Cross-sections of the spinal cord revealed focally extensive areas of malacia from the T10 to L4 segments. Focally extensive areas of liquefactive necrosis involving the gray matter and adjacent white matter were observed on histologic sections. The lumen of multiple blood vessels in the periphery of the necrotic areas was occluded by fibrocartilaginous emboli that strongly stained with alcian blue. Clinical signs, gross necropsy, and histological findings observed in this case were identical to those described in the literature for ischemic myelopathy caused by FCE in the horse and other species.(AU)

Este relato descreve os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um caso de mielopatia isquêmica por embolismo fibrocartilaginoso (FCE) em um equino, macho castrado, sem raça definida, com 10 anos de idade. Clinicamente, o equino apresentou paralisia aguda dos membros pélvicos com evolução de aproximadamente 24 horas. Na necropsia não foram observadas alterações. Após serem realizados vários cortes transversais na medula espinhal, observou-se área focalmente extensa de malacia entre o segmento T10 até L4. Histologicamente haviam áreas focalmente extensas de necrose de liquefação envolvendo a substância cinzenta e a substância branca adjacente. Múltiplos vasos sanguíneos da periferia das áreas de necrose estavam ocluídos por êmbolos fibrocartilaginosos, que reagiram fortemente pela técnica de azul alciano. Os sinais clínicos, as lesões macroscópicas e os achados histológicos observados neste caso, são idênticos aos descritos na literatura para FCE em equinos e nas demais espécies.(AU)

Fibrocartilaginous embolism associated with the extrusion of the intervertebral disc in a dog / Embolismo fibrocartilaginoso associado à extrusão do disco intervertebral em cão

Background: Intervertebral disc disease is a usual neurological disorder in dogs, which the spinal cord is compressed by intervertebral disc extrusion or protrusion. Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy isan acute infarction disease of spinal cord caused by fibrocartilaginous emboli histologically identical to the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs. The aim of this report is present two cases of fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy in dogs with intervertebral disc disease. Cases: Two dogs - dachshund breed - were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the UFSM. In the first case, the dog was three years old and the owner described complete inability to move the pelvic limbs. The neurological examination revealed paraplegia, postural reactions deficits, normal spinal reflexes and muscle tonus in the hind limbs, pain on palpation in T12-T11 region and loss of deep pain in hind limbs. In the other case, the dog was seven years old and the owner described partial inability to move four limbs. The neurological examination revealed non-ambulatory tetraparesis, postural reactions deficit, normal spinal reflexes in four limbs and pain on palpation in cervical spine. In both cases, the presumptive diagnosis was intervertebral disc disease and surgical treatment was indicated. The dog with thoracolumbar injury died during the anesthesia and the dog with cervical [...]

Fibrocartilaginous embolism associated with the extrusion of the intervertebral disc in a dog / Embolismo fibrocartilaginoso associado à extrusão do disco intervertebral em cão

Background: Intervertebral disc disease is a usual neurological disorder in dogs, which the spinal cord is compressed by intervertebral disc extrusion or protrusion. Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy isan acute infarction disease of spinal cord caused by fibrocartilaginous emboli histologically identical to the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs. The aim of this report is present two cases of fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy in dogs with intervertebral disc disease. Cases: Two dogs - dachshund breed - were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the UFSM. In the first case, the dog was three years old and the owner described complete inability to move the pelvic limbs. The neurological examination revealed paraplegia, postural reactions deficits, normal spinal reflexes and muscle tonus in the hind limbs, pain on palpation in T12-T11 region and loss of deep pain in hind limbs. In the other case, the dog was seven years old and the owner described partial inability to move four limbs. The neurological examination revealed non-ambulatory tetraparesis, postural reactions deficit, normal spinal reflexes in four limbs and pain on palpation in cervical spine. In both cases, the presumptive diagnosis was intervertebral disc disease and surgical treatment was indicated. The dog with thoracolumbar injury died during the anesthesia and the dog with cervical [...](AU)

Aortic thromboembolism as a consequence of bacterial endocarditis causing acute ischemic neuromyopathy in a dog / Tromboembolismo aórtico decorrente de endocardite bacteriana causando neuromiopatia isquêmica em um cão

Background: Aortic thromboembolism (ATE) is a potentially fatal and rare condition in dogs. Ischemic neuromyopathy is main consequence, characterized by paraparesis or paraplegia, loss of femoral pulses, pain and hypothermia in distal part of affected limbs. In felines, affection is primarily associated with heart problems, whereas in dogs, condition is due to diseases which compromise the blood flow, such as, hyperadrenocorticism, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis, and more rarely cardiac problems. The aim of this article is describe a case of acute aortic thromboembolism due to bacterial endocarditis in a dog. Case: A female, 9-year-old dog, weighing 28.5 kg, was referred for examination due to acute paraparesis and pain. Patient showed cyanosis in nail beds and cold extremities in hind limbs, heart murmur degree V / IV, and bilateral absence of femoral arterial pulse. Due to suspicion of ATE, patient was treated with heparin, aspirin and tramadol, however it came to die less than 24 h after initial care. At necropsy, there was pulmonary edema, moderate hyperemia and severe tricuspid mitral valve. A thrombus with 3.0 cm of diameter in left atrium was found. At beginning of aorta there was also a thrombus measuring 5.0 cm x 0.3 cm x 0.3 cm and other thrombus in abdominal aortic trifurcation measuring 3.0 cm x 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm. [...]

Aortic thromboembolism as a consequence of bacterial endocarditis causing acute ischemic neuromyopathy in a dog / Tromboembolismo aórtico decorrente de endocardite bacteriana causando neuromiopatia isquêmica em um cão

Background: Aortic thromboembolism (ATE) is a potentially fatal and rare condition in dogs. Ischemic neuromyopathy is main consequence, characterized by paraparesis or paraplegia, loss of femoral pulses, pain and hypothermia in distal part of affected limbs. In felines, affection is primarily associated with heart problems, whereas in dogs, condition is due to diseases which compromise the blood flow, such as, hyperadrenocorticism, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis, and more rarely cardiac problems. The aim of this article is describe a case of acute aortic thromboembolism due to bacterial endocarditis in a dog. Case: A female, 9-year-old dog, weighing 28.5 kg, was referred for examination due to acute paraparesis and pain. Patient showed cyanosis in nail beds and cold extremities in hind limbs, heart murmur degree V / IV, and bilateral absence of femoral arterial pulse. Due to suspicion of ATE, patient was treated with heparin, aspirin and tramadol, however it came to die less than 24 h after initial care. At necropsy, there was pulmonary edema, moderate hyperemia and severe tricuspid mitral valve. A thrombus with 3.0 cm of diameter in left atrium was found. At beginning of aorta there was also a thrombus measuring 5.0 cm x 0.3 cm x 0.3 cm and other thrombus in abdominal aortic trifurcation measuring 3.0 cm x 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm. [...](AU)

Caracterização Das Lesões Vasculares Na Pitiose Em Cães E Equídeo

Pitiose é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo oomiceto Pythium insidiosum. Esta enfermidade acomete humanos e diversas espécies animais. Em humanos, a forma vascular é a apresentação clínica mais comum, na qual são observadas hifas na parede de artérias, com desenvolvimento de aneurismas e trombose, podendo levar à amputação de membros, entre outras consequências. Em animais, a ocorrência de lesões vasculares já foi citada por diversos autores, no entanto, o detalhamento destas lesões e o seu possível papel na patogênese da pitiose ainda não foram estudados mais profundamente. Assim, os objetivos desta tese foram (1) caracterizar as lesões vasculares da pitiose em cães e equinos, determinando a presença e a localização das hifas na parede dos vasos sanguíneos afetados; (2) explorar o modo como as lesões da pitiose canina evoluem e se disseminam para os tecidos adjacentes; (3) assim como também buscar compreender o papel dos vasos sanguíneos no desenvolvimento dos kunkers na pitiose equina; (4) e descrever um caso incomum de pitiose intestinal em um equino. No primeiro estudo, a reavaliação histológica das lesões permitiu determinar a localização das hifas principalmente na parede de artérias, e em menor quantidade no lúmen dos vasos ou em meio a trombos, sugerindo que na pitiose canina, a ocorrência de embolismo seja infrequente em comparação à pitiose em humanos ou a infecções fúngicas em cães. A observação de intensa inflamação e de hifas adjacentes aos vasos sanguíneos (perivasculite) sugere fortemente que as hifas utilizam a parede dos vasos sanguíneos como um caminho, e que as lesões e hifas se disseminam para os tecidos adjacentes por extensão (contiguidade). No segundo estudo, foram observadas hifas na parede de arteríolas e na periferia dos kunkers, muitas vezes se projetando levemente para fora dos kunkers, além de permanecerem no sentido longitudinal das fibras colágenas, presentes no interior de alguns kunkers. Estes achados, somados à observação de kunkers com ramificações semelhantes a vasos sanguíneos, sugerem que as hifas utilizem as artérias como um caminho, e que a formação dos kunkers ocorra pela extensão direta do processo inflamatório, semelhante ao que parece ocorrer nos cães, porém formando as concreções (kunkers) de forma tridimensional. No terceiro artigo, foi descrito o primeiro caso de pitiose segmentar intestinal em um equino, no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da UFSM, em 56 anos de rotina diagnóstica

Pythiosis is an infectious disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. This disease affects humans and several animal species. In humans, the vascular form is the most common clinical presentation of pythiosis, where hyphae are observed on the artery wall, with the development of aneurysms and thrombosis, which can lead to limb amputation, among other consequences. In animals, the occurrence of vascular lesions has already been cited by several authors, however, the details of these lesions and their possible role in the pathogenesis of pythiosis have not been studied further. Thus, the objectives of this study were (1) to characterize the vascular lesions in dogs and horses, determining the presence and location of hyphae in the wall of the affected blood vessels; (2) to investigate how canine pythiosis lesions evolve and spread to adjacent tissues, (3) as well as to seek to understand the role of blood vessels in the development of kunkers in equine pythiosis; (4) and describe an unusual case of intestinal pythiosis in a horse. In the first study, the histological reassessment of the lesions made it possible to determine the location of the hyphae, mainly in the artery wall, rather than in the lumen of the vessels or inside thrombi, suggesting that in canine pythiosis, the occurrence of embolism is uncommon in comparison to pythiosis in humans or fungal infections in dogs. The observation of intense inflammation and hyphae adjacent to blood vessels (perivasculitis) strongly suggests that hyphae use the blood vessel wall as a pathway and that lesions and hyphae spread to adjacent tissues by extension (contiguity). In the second study, hyphae were observed on the wall of the arterioles and on the periphery of the kunkers, often slightly protruding out of the kunkers, in addition to remaining in the longitudinal direction of the collagen fibers, present inside some kunkers. These findings, added to the observation of kunkers with blood vessel-like ramifications, indicate that hyphae use arteries as a pathway and that the formation of kunkers occurs through the extension of the inflammatory process, similar to what occurs in dogs, forming the concretions of threedimensional shape. In the third article, the first case of intestinal segmental pythiosis was described in an equine, at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of UFSM, in 56 years of diagnostic routine

Insertion of the LINE-1 element in the C-MYC gene and immunoreactivity of C-MYC, p53, p21 and p27 proteins in different morphological patterns of the canine TVT / Inserção do elemento LINE-1 no gene C-MYC e imunorreatividade das proteinas C-MYC, p53, p21 e p27 nos diferentes padrões morfológicos do tumor TVT

The canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) affects the external genitalia of dogs by the natural transplant of viable tumor cells. Thus, this research aimed to diagnose and characterize TVT morphological patterns, identify the insertion of the LINE-1 element in C-MYC gene, by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of C-MYC, p53, p21 and p27 proteins. The relationship between C-MYC and p53 proteins and their interference on the expression of p21 and p27 were also studied. For that, 20 samples of naturally occurring TVT were used, subjected to cytopathological, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, and to molecular diagnosis of neoplasia. The increased tissue expression and the correlation among C-MYC, p53, p21 and p27 proteins indicate reduction and/or loss of their functionality in the TVT microenvironment, with consequent apoptotic suppression, maintenance of cell growth and progression of neoplasia.(AU)

O tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVT) afeta a genitália externa de cães pelo transplante natural de células tumorais viáveis. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo diagnosticar e caracterizar TVT em padrões morfológicos, identificar a inserção do elemento LINE-1 em gene C-MYC, por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), e avaliar a expressão imuno-histoquímica do C-MYC, p53, p21 e p27. A relação entre C-MYC e as proteínas p53 e a sua interferência na expressão de p21 e p27 foram também estudadas. Para isso, foram utilizadas 20 amostras de ocorrência natural de TVT, submetido a exame citopatológico, histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica e ao diagnóstico molecular de neoplasia. A expressão aumentada do tecido e a correlação entre a C-MYC e as proteínas p53, p21 e p27 indicam redução e/ou perda de funcionalidade na TVT em seu microambiente, com consequente supressão apoptótica, manutenção do crescimento celular e progressão da neoplasia.(AU)

Insertion of the LINE-1 element in the C-MYC gene and immunoreactivity of C-MYC, p53, p21 and p27 proteins in different morphological patterns of the canine TVT / Inserção do elemento LINE - 1 no gene C-MYC e imunorreatividade das proteinas C-MYC, p53, p21 e p27 nos diferentes padrões morfológicos do tumor TVT

The canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) affects the external genitalia of dogs by the natural transplant of viable tumor cells. Thus, this research aimed to diagnose and characterize TVT morphological patterns, identify the insertion of the LINE-1 element in C-MYC gene, by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of C-MYC, p53, p21 and p27 proteins. The relationship between C-MYC and p53 proteins and their interference on the expression of p21 and p27 were also studied. For that, 20 samples of naturally occurring TVT were used, subjected to cytopathological, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, and to molecular diagnosis of neoplasia. The increased tissue expression and the correlation among C-MYC, p53, p21 and p27 proteins indicate reduction and/or loss of their functionality in the TVT microenvironment, with consequent apoptotic suppression, maintenance of cell growth and progression of neoplasia.(AU)

O tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVT) afeta a genitália externa de cães pelo transplante natural de células tumorais viáveis. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo diagnosticar e caracterizar TVT em padrões morfológicos, identificar a inserção do elemento LINE-1 em gene C-MYC, por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), e avaliar a expressão imuno-histoquímica do C-MYC, p53, p21 e p27. A relação entre C-MYC e as proteínas p53 e a sua interferência na expressão de p21 e p27 foram também estudadas. Para isso, foram utilizadas 20 amostras de ocorrência natural de TVT, submetido a exame citopatológico, histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica e ao diagnóstico molecular de neoplasia. A expressão aumentada do tecido e a correlação entre a C-MYC e as proteínas p53, p21 e p27 indicam redução e/ou perda de funcionalidade na TVT em seu microambiente, com consequente supressão apoptótica, manutenção do crescimento celular e progressão da neoplasia.(AU)

Comparative study of histopathology and immunohistochemistry of indefinite round cell cutaneous tumors and characterization of canine lymphoma / Estudo comparativo de histopatologia e imuno-histoquímica de tumores indefinidos de células redondas e caracterização de linfoma canino

With the purpose of shedding light on some doubts in veterinary oncology, the present article intends to compare the results of histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of unspecific round cell neoplasia, to realize immunophenotyping of canine lymphoma cases, to establish the T or B origin of neoplastic cells, and to determine the degree of proliferation and apoptosis of lymphomas by immunohistochemistry. Of 11 animals presenting immunohistochemical diagnosis of lymphoma, five had been diagnosed as Lymphoma by HE staining of histopathological slides and six had been classified as unspecific round cell neoplasia. All cases submitted to immunohistochemical examination were T-cell lymphomas. There was a positive correlation between cell proliferation and apoptosis. The comparison among histopathological and immunohistochemical results obtained in the cases examined in the present study suggested that immunohistochemistry is essential for the differentiation of round cell neoplasia.(AU)

Com o objetivo de sanar algumas dúvidas na área da oncologia veterinária, o presente artigo pretende comparar os resultados dos exames histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de neoplasias de células redondas inespecíficas, realizar imunofenotipagem dos casos de linfoma canino e determinar o grau de proliferação e apoptose de linfomas. Dos 11 animais que apresentaram diagnóstico imuno-histoquímico de linfoma, cinco foram diagnosticados como linfoma por coloração HE das lâminas histopatológicas e seis foram classificados como neoplasia de células redondas inespecíficas. Todos os casos submetidos ao exame imuno-histoquímico foram de linfomas de células-T. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a proliferação celular e apoptose. A comparação entre os resultados histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos obtidos nos casos analisados sugeriu que a imuno-histoquímica é essencial para a diferenciação das neoplasias de células redondas.(AU)

Biópsia líquida e suas aplicações em medicina veterinária: revisão / Liquid biopsy and its applications in veterinary medicine: a review / Biopsia líquida y sus aplicaciones en medicina veterinaria: revisión

A biópsia líquida é uma ferramenta diagnóstica e prognóstica já aplicada em diversos estudos com pacientes oncológicos humanos, apresentando potencial para aplicação em oncologia veterinária. Ela se baseia na detecção de produtos tumorais variados na circulação e apresenta a vantagem de ser realizada a partir de amostra de sangue e de ser pouco invasiva ao paciente, permitindo a análise do tumor em tempo real e complementando as informações da biópsia tecidual. Nesta revisão, são abordados os conceitos gerais de biópsia líquida, suas diferentes metodologias e os diferentes produtos tumorais, incluindo células tumorais circulantes, ácidos nucleicos, englobando o DNA, micro-RNA e RNA mensageiro tumorais e exossomos. São abordadas as utilidades da biópsia líquida como ferramenta prognóstica, diagnóstica, preditiva e de direcionamento de tratamento já aplicadas em estudos de medicina humana, bem como as limitações e desafios à sua implementação em larga escala. A biópsia líquida é uma ferramenta pouco conhecida em medicina veterinária até o momento, com escassos estudos publicados.

Liquid biopsy is a diagnostic and prognostic tool already reported in several studies with human oncologic patients, and shows potential for application in veterinary oncology. However, liquid biopsy is not a widely known technique in veterinary medicine, and related research is sparse. Liquid biopsy is based on the analysis of blood samples for detection of various tumoral products in circulation. It is a non-invasive technique, and provides results in real time. Information obtained from liquid biopsies can complement the information obtained from the analysis of tissue biopsy. In this review of literature, we present the background principles of liquid biopsy, its methodology, and the tumoral products that can currently be detected with this tool. In addition to circulating tumor cells, liquid biopsies allow detection of nucleic acids, including tumor DNA, micro-RNA, messenger RNA and exosomes. We present the value of liquid biopsy as a diagnostic and prognostic tool, its predictive value in tumor progression and treatment success, and usefulness to assist treatment choice. We discuss its limitations, and the challenges to implement its use in a large scale.

La biopsia líquida es una herramienta diagnóstica y pronóstica que ya ha sido aplicada en varios estudios oncológicos humanos, con potenciales aplicaciones en oncología veterinaria. Esta técnica se fundamenta en la detección de varios tipos de productos tumorales circulantes, con la ventaja de que puede ser realizada a partir de una muestra de sangre, además de ser poco invasiva para el paciente, permitiendo el análisis del tumor en tiempo real y que sirve como complemento para las informaciones obtenidas en la biopsia de tejidos convencional. Esta revisión aborda conceptos generales de la biopsia líquida, sus diferentes métodos y los productos que pueden ser detectados, incluyendo células circulantes, ácidos nucleicos (ADN, micro ADN y ARN mensajero tumorales) y exosomas. También se discuten la utilidad de la biopsia líquida como herramienta pronostica, diagnóstica, predictiva y como información para direccionar el tratamiento de acuerdo a la experiencia en estudios de medicina humana, así como también las limitaciones y desafíos de su implementación a gran escala. La biopsia líquida es una herramienta poco conocida en medicina veterinaria, con pocos estudios publicados.

Biópsia líquida e suas aplicações em medicina veterinária: revisão / Liquid biopsy and its applications in veterinary medicine: a review / Biopsia líquida y sus aplicaciones en medicina veterinaria: revisión

A biópsia líquida é uma ferramenta diagnóstica e prognóstica já aplicada em diversos estudos com pacientes oncológicos humanos, apresentando potencial para aplicação em oncologia veterinária. Ela se baseia na detecção de produtos tumorais variados na circulação e apresenta a vantagem de ser realizada a partir de amostra de sangue e de ser pouco invasiva ao paciente, permitindo a análise do tumor em tempo real e complementando as informações da biópsia tecidual. Nesta revisão, são abordados os conceitos gerais de biópsia líquida, suas diferentes metodologias e os diferentes produtos tumorais, incluindo células tumorais circulantes, ácidos nucleicos, englobando o DNA, micro-RNA e RNA mensageiro tumorais e exossomos. São abordadas as utilidades da biópsia líquida como ferramenta prognóstica, diagnóstica, preditiva e de direcionamento de tratamento já aplicadas em estudos de medicina humana, bem como as limitações e desafios à sua implementação em larga escala. A biópsia líquida é uma ferramenta pouco conhecida em medicina veterinária até o momento, com escassos estudos publicados.(AU)

Liquid biopsy is a diagnostic and prognostic tool already reported in several studies with human oncologic patients, and shows potential for application in veterinary oncology. However, liquid biopsy is not a widely known technique in veterinary medicine, and related research is sparse. Liquid biopsy is based on the analysis of blood samples for detection of various tumoral products in circulation. It is a non-invasive technique, and provides results in real time. Information obtained from liquid biopsies can complement the information obtained from the analysis of tissue biopsy. In this review of literature, we present the background principles of liquid biopsy, its methodology, and the tumoral products that can currently be detected with this tool. In addition to circulating tumor cells, liquid biopsies allow detection of nucleic acids, including tumor DNA, micro-RNA, messenger RNA and exosomes. We present the value of liquid biopsy as a diagnostic and prognostic tool, its predictive value in tumor progression and treatment success, and usefulness to assist treatment choice. We discuss its limitations, and the challenges to implement its use in a large scale.(AU)

La biopsia líquida es una herramienta diagnóstica y pronóstica que ya ha sido aplicada en varios estudios oncológicos humanos, con potenciales aplicaciones en oncología veterinaria. Esta técnica se fundamenta en la detección de varios tipos de productos tumorales circulantes, con la ventaja de que puede ser realizada a partir de una muestra de sangre, además de ser poco invasiva para el paciente, permitiendo el análisis del tumor en tiempo real y que sirve como complemento para las informaciones obtenidas en la biopsia de tejidos convencional. Esta revisión aborda conceptos generales de la biopsia líquida, sus diferentes métodos y los productos que pueden ser detectados, incluyendo células circulantes, ácidos nucleicos (ADN, micro ADN y ARN mensajero tumorales) y exosomas. También se discuten la utilidad de la biopsia líquida como herramienta pronostica, diagnóstica, predictiva y como información para direccionar el tratamiento de acuerdo a la experiencia en estudios de medicina humana, así como también las limitaciones y desafíos de su implementación a gran escala. La biopsia líquida es una herramienta poco conocida en medicina veterinaria, con pocos estudios publicados.(AU)

Presumptive diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous embolism in 12 dogs / Diagnóstico presuntivo de embolismo fibrocartilaginoso em 12 cães

Background: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy is a syndrome of spinal cord infarction caused by fi brocartilaginous emboli identical to the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk. The signals were acute and not progressive, asymmetric in 92% and neuroanatomic regions were affected C6-T2 (n = 2), L3-T3 (n = 5) and L4-S3 (n = 5). The diagnosis was based on history, fi ndings on physical and neurological examination and exclusion of differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to report twelve dogs treated at Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) with a presumptive diagnosis of fi brocartilaginous embolism. Cases: Seven males and fi ve females dogs were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria: three rottweiler dogs, two labradors retrievers, one fi la brasileiro, one chow-chow, one boxer, one schnauzer, one German shepherd, one mixed breed and one greyhound, aged between one year and three months and eleven. In all cases, the owners reported during the anamnesis partial or complete loss of movement of member(s) involved(s) acutely with no history of trauma. For anatomical localization of the lesion was performed neurological examination. As complementary exams were requested blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and radiography of the spine. Contrast radiography (myelograp

Background: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy is a syndrome of spinal cord infarction caused by fi brocartilaginous emboli identical to the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk. The signals were acute and not progressive, asymmetric in 92% and neuroanatomic regions were affected C6-T2 (n = 2), L3-T3 (n = 5) and L4-S3 (n = 5). The diagnosis was based on history, fi ndings on physical and neurological examination and exclusion of differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to report twelve dogs treated at Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) with a presumptive diagnosis of fi brocartilaginous embolism. Cases: Seven males and fi ve females dogs were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria: three rottweiler dogs, two labradors retrievers, one fi la brasileiro, one chow-chow, one boxer, one schnauzer, one German shepherd, one mixed breed and one greyhound, aged between one year and three months and eleven. In all cases, the owners reported during the anamnesis partial or complete loss of movement of member(s) involved(s) acutely with no history of trauma. For anatomical localization of the lesion was performed neurological examination. As complementary exams were requested blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and radiography of the spine. Contrast radiography (myelograp

Diagnóstico presuntivo de embolismo fibrocartilaginoso em 12 cães / Presumptive Diagnosis of Fibrocartilaginous Embolism in 12 Dogs

Background: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy is a syndrome of spinal cord infarction caused by fibrocartilaginous emboli identical to the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk. The signals were acute and not progressive, asymmetric in 92% and neuroanatomic regions were affected C6-T2 (n = 2), L3-T3 (n = 5) and L4-S3 (n = 5). The diagnosis was based on history, findings on physical and neurological examination and exclusion of differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to report twelve dogs treated at Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) with a presumptive diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous embolism. Cases: Seven males and five females dogs were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria: three rottweiler dogs, two labradors retrievers, one fila brasileiro, one chow-chow, one boxer, one schnauzer, one German shepherd, one mixed breed and one greyhound, aged between one year and three months and eleven. In all cases, the owners reported during the anamnesis partial or complete loss of movement of member(s) involved(s) acutely with no history of trauma. For anatomical localization of the lesion was performed neurological examination. As complementary exams were requested blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and radiography of the spine. Contrast radiography (myelography) and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were performed only in eight dogs. Front of the historical, clinical findings, neurological and complementary exams the presumptive diagnosis was fibrocartilaginous embolism. The dogs were subjected to passive physical therapy and showed satisfactory clinical improvement in the first month after onset of clinical signs. Discussion: The myelopathy fibrocartilaginous embolism is commonly reported in dogs of large and giant breed. In this study, 92% were of large breeds. The mean age of onset of clinical signs in this study was 4.5 years, and male dogs, the most affected, result similar to that found in other studies. Neurological signs vary depending on the location and severity of ischemic lesions of the spinal cord and asymmetric signals in 55% to 61% of the dogs. Of the twelve dogs of this study, signals were asymmetric and eleven of them were affected neuroanatomic regions C6-T2 (n = 2), L3-T3 (n = 5) L4-S3 (n = 5). In other studies, the most affected areas were T3-L3 and L4-S3. Intensive physical activity seems to be involved in about half the cases of embolism few hours. Except for two dogs of breed rottweiler and SRD in this study, all had a history of physical activity at the onset of clinical signs. There were no changes in blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and radiography of the spine in the twelve dogs. With the exception of four dogs, the other underwent contrast radiography (myelography) and cerebrospinal fluid analysis and only in German Shepherd and Labrador was observed intramedullary compression standard to myelography and mild lymphocytic pleocytosis and increased protein in the CSF, respectively. Diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous embolism cases in this study was based on history, findings on physical and neurological examination, exclusion of differential diagnosis by laboratory tests and clinical evolution. In ten dogs of this study, was performed only physical therapy and nine of them were observed clinical signs of recovery between one and five weeks. The study brings to clinical relevance, the importance of fibrocartilaginous embolism in the differential diagnosis of dogs with a history of acute loss of limb movements, with or without asymmetry, non-progressive, no pain on palpation of the spine. This may be favorable prognosis in patients with signs of recovery during the first month.

Mielomalácia hemorrágica progressiva em 14 cães / Progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia in 14 dogs

Progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia (PHM) is a rare and fatal disorder which is characterized by acute and progressive ischemic necrosis of the parenchyma of the spinal cord, leading to its liquefaction. It may occur after intervertebral disc extrusion, spinal trauma or fibrocartilaginous embolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate cases of progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia in dogs in the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Estadual de Londrina between 2000 and 2011, through the analysis of medical records and following of cases. There were certain criteria to include a patient in this study, such a history of paraplegia with upper motor neuron signs, worse of signs progressing to flaccid tetraplegia, progressive clinical changes and/or changes in complementary exams. There were analyzed several aspects, such as epidemiological (breed, age and sex), clinical (progress of clinical and neurological signs), laboratory (cerebrospinal fluid analysis - CSF), radiographic (conventional radiography and contrasted) and elapsed time since the onset of clinical signs until death or euthanasia. The most affected breed was Teckel (43%), the average age was 5.04 years and the neurological syndrome observed initially was the thoracolumbar syndrome grade V. Another commons signs observed were hyperpathia and cranial progression of decreased cutaneous trunci reflex. In seven dogs the cause of the PHM was the thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease, in a dog the cause was spinal cord trauma, in two dogs PHM was due to lymphoma and in four dogs the likely cause was intervertebral disc disease. CSF analysis, myelography changes and progress of clinical and neurological examinations were extremely important to diagnose PHM. Six animals progressed to tetraplegia and four dogs had already flaccid tetraplegia at the initial care. In four other patients, the identification of signs suggestive of PHM before this progression has led to indication for euthanasia. The prognosis is poor and causes animal suffering, so the clinician should be aware of the history of paraplegia with subsequent change of upper motor neuron syndrome to lower motor neuron, cranial decreased reflex panniculus and presence of abdominal breathing. Some alterations in complementary exams found in this study may also help in early diagnosis, as xanthochromic CSF with increased protein, erythrocytes and pleocytosis. Spinal cord edema and the presence of contrast within the nervous tissue together with clinical signs and CSF alterations are suggestive of PHM.(AU)

A mielomalácia hemorrágica progressiva (MHP) é uma afecção rara e fatal, em que ocorre necrose aguda isquêmica e progressiva do parênquima da medula espinhal, levando à liquefação da mesma. Pode ocorrer após extrusão do disco intervertebral, trauma medular ou embolismo fibrocartilaginoso. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar casos de mielomalácia hemorrágica progressiva em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Londrina entre os anos 2000 e 2011, realizando-se a análise dos prontuários de atendimento e acompanhamento dos casos. Os animais do presente estudo atendiam a alguns critérios de inclusão, como histórico de paraplegia com sinais de neurônio motor superior, piora dos sinais progredindo para tetraplegia flácida, alterações clínicas progressivas e/ou alterações nos exames complementares. Foram analisados os aspectos epidemiológicos (raça, idade e sexo), clínicos (evolução dos sinais clínicos e neurológicos), laboratoriais (análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano), radiográficos (radiografias simples e contrastadas) e o tempo decorrido desde o início dos sinais clínicos até óbito ou eutanásia. A raça Teckel foi a mais acometida (43%), a média de idade foi de 5,04 anos e no atendimento inicial a síndrome toracolombar grau V foi a alteração mais encontrada, além de hiperpatia e progressão cranial da diminuição do reflexo cutâneo do tronco. Em sete cães a causa da MHP foi a doença do disco intervertebral toracolombar, em um cão a causa foi o trauma medular, em dois cães a MHP foi decorrente de linfoma e em quatro cães a causa provável foi doença de disco intervertebral. Alterações na análise do líquido cerebroespinhal, na mielografia e na evolução dos sinais clínicos e neurológicos foram extremamente importantes para diagnosticar a MHP. Seis animais progrediram para tetraplegia e quatro cães já apresentavam tetraplegia flácida no atendimento inicial. Em outros quatro pacientes, a identificação de sinais sugestivos de MHP antes desta progressão levou à indicação de eutanásia. Como o prognóstico é ruim e ocasiona sofrimento ao animal, o clínico deve estar atento ao histórico de paraplegia com posterior mudança da síndrome de neurônio motor superior para neurônio motor inferior, diminuição do reflexo cutâneo do tronco cranialmente e presença de respiração abdominal, sendo que algumas alterações em exames complementares encontradas neste trabalho também podem auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce da MHP, como o líquido cerebroespinhal xantocrômico com aumento de proteínas, hemácias e pleocitose. Na mielografia o edema medular e a presença de contraste no interior do tecido nervoso, frente às alterações clínicas e liquóricas, são sugestivas de MHP.(AU)

Embolia gasosa pulmonar em coelho causada por peróxido de hidrogênio – relato de caso / Pulmonary gas embolism in rabbit caused by hydrogen peroxide – case report

A embolia gasosa provocada pela utilização do peróxido de hidrogênio é um fenômeno que não é descrito na rotina clínica veterinária, neste sentido descreve-se a ocorrência de embolia gasosa venosa massiva em coelho durante a limpeza e desinfecção de um abscesso no masseter utilizando peróxido de hidrogênio a 3%. Ao injetar peróxido de hidrogênio sobre pressão na cavidade do abscesso, o animal teve uma parada cardiorrespiratória súbita e veio a óbito. A necropsia foram observadas inúmeras bolhas de ar (êmbolos gasosos) na veia cava caudal e tronco pulmonar, atelectasia e enfisema pulmonar. No exame histopatológico observou-se a presença de bolhas de ar em vasos da região adjacente ao abcesso e em artérias pulmonares bem como hemorragia intersticial pulmonar. Os rins, o fígado e o encéfalo apresentavam congestão. O colapso cardiorrespiratório súbito durante a utilização deste produto, associado aos achados de necropsia e histopatológicos sugerem que a embolia gasosa venosa massiva ocorreu devido à utilização do peróxido de hidrogênio. Devido à gravidade do caso apresentado e à possibilidade de ocorrência desta patologia, seu uso deve ser evitado em condições que determinem seu acúmulo em cavidades.

Gas embolism caused by the use of hydrogen peroxide is a phenomenon that is not described in clinical routine, in this sense describes the occurrence of massive venous air embolism in rabbits during cleaning and disinfection of an abscess in the masseter using hydrogen peroxide 3%. By injecting hydrogen peroxide under pressure in the cavity of the abscess, the animal had a sudden cardiac arrest and had died. At necropsy were observed numerous air bubbles (gaseous emboli) in the caudal vena cava and pulmonary artery, pulmonary emphysema and atelectasis. Histopathology observed in the presence of air bubbles in blood vessels in the region adjacent to the pulmonary arteries and abscesses as well as interstitial lung hemorrhage. The kidneys, liver and brain showed congestion. The sudden cardiorespiratory collapse when using this product, associated with the necropsy and histopathological findings suggest that the venous air embolism occurred due to massive use of hydrogen peroxide. Due to the severity of the case presented and the possibility of occurrence of this pathology, its use should be avoided in conditions that determine its accumulation in cavities.

Embolia gasosa pulmonar em coelho causada por peróxido de hidrogênio relato de caso / Pulmonary gas embolism in rabbit caused by hydrogen peroxide case report

A embolia gasosa provocada pela utilização do peróxido de hidrogênio é um fenômeno que não é descrito na rotina clínica veterinária, neste sentido descreve-se a ocorrência de embolia gasosa venosa massiva em coelho durante a limpeza e desinfecção de um abscesso no masseter utilizando peróxido de hidrogênio a 3%. Ao injetar peróxido de hidrogênio sobre pressão na cavidade do abscesso, o animal teve uma parada cardiorrespiratória súbita e veio a óbito. A necropsia foram observadas inúmeras bolhas de ar (êmbolos gasosos) na veia cava caudal e tronco pulmonar, atelectasia e enfisema pulmonar. No exame histopatológico observou-se a presença de bolhas de ar em vasos da região adjacente ao abcesso e em artérias pulmonares bem como hemorragia intersticial pulmonar. Os rins, o fígado e o encéfalo apresentavam congestão. O colapso cardiorrespiratório súbito durante a utilização deste produto, associado aos achados de necropsia e histopatológicos sugerem que a embolia gasosa venosa massiva ocorreu devido à utilização do peróxido de hidrogênio. Devido à gravidade do caso apresentado e à possibilidade de ocorrência desta patologia, seu uso deve ser evitado em condições que determinem seu acúmulo em cavidades.(AU)

Gas embolism caused by the use of hydrogen peroxide is a phenomenon that is not described in clinical routine, in this sense describes the occurrence of massive venous air embolism in rabbits during cleaning and disinfection of an abscess in the masseter using hydrogen peroxide 3%. By injecting hydrogen peroxide under pressure in the cavity of the abscess, the animal had a sudden cardiac arrest and had died. At necropsy were observed numerous air bubbles (gaseous emboli) in the caudal vena cava and pulmonary artery, pulmonary emphysema and atelectasis. Histopathology observed in the presence of air bubbles in blood vessels in the region adjacent to the pulmonary arteries and abscesses as well as interstitial lung hemorrhage. The kidneys, liver and brain showed congestion. The sudden cardiorespiratory collapse when using this product, associated with the necropsy and histopathological findings suggest that the venous air embolism occurred due to massive use of hydrogen peroxide. Due to the severity of the case presented and the possibility of occurrence of this pathology, its use should be avoided in conditions that determine its accumulation in cavities.(AU)