Resumo

A síndrome cólica, também conhecida por abdômen agudo, é caracterizada por uma dor aguda de origem abdominal e sinais sistêmicos que frequentemente podem levar o equino acometido a óbito. Sua ocorrência está relacionada a diversos fatores interligados, principalmente, ao manejo errôneo e as particularidades anatômicas dessa espécie. Existem diferentes tipos de cólica, sendo uma delas enterolitiase. O diagnóstico da enfermidade é realizado através de anamnese, sinais clínicos, sondagem nasogástrica, exames laboratoriais, paracentese, exame ultrassonográfico e radiográfico. Dessa forma, devido ao alto índice de óbitos, esta patologia, é considerada uma emergência médica e se faz indispensável o tratamento clínico e/ou cirúrgico por médicos veterinários. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se relatar e discutir um caso de síndrome cólica por enterolitíase em um equino da raça Pônei Brasileiro, o qual foi atendido no Setor de Grandes Animais do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), abrangendo aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos, prognóstico e tratamento estabelecido diante da ocorrência dessa patologia.

The colic syndrome, also known as acute abdomen, is characterized by acute abdominal pain and systemic signs that can often lead the affected horse to death. Its occurrence is related to several linked factors, mainly to the wrong management and anatomical particularities of this species. There are different types of colic, one of which is enterolithiasis. The diagnosis of the disease is carried out through anamnesis, clinical signs, nasogastric tube, laboratory tests, paracentesis, and ultrasound and radiographic examination. Therefore, due to the high rate of deaths this pathology is considered a medical emergency, and clinical and/or surgical treatment by veterinarians is essential. The present work aimed to report and discuss a case of colic syndrome due to enterolithiasis in a Brazilian Pony horse, which was attended at the Large Animals Sector of the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Passo Fundo (UPF), covering clinical aspects, diagnoses, prognosis, and the treatment established in the face of the occurrence of this pathology.

Resumo

This retrospective study was based on data extracted from medical records of 48 horses with intestinal obstruction caused by enteroliths and/or foreign bodies seen over the course of 17 years. Data analysis was aimed at describing the major features of this type of colic. Obstructions caused by enteroliths, foreign bodies or both accounted for 40 (83.34%), 6 (12.50%) and 2 (4.16%) cases in this sample respectively. Affected horses were aged 1 to 32 years (mean age 9.5 years) and 14 horses were fed alfalfa. Alfalfa is thought to contribute to enterolith formation. Foreign bodies and enteroliths were found in the transverse (12 cases, 25%), the large or the small colon (10 cases, 20.83% respectively). Concurrent obstruction of different intestinal segments was also recorded. These involved the small and the large colon in 10 cases (20.83%), the transverse and the large colon in 4 cases (8.33%), the small and the transverse colon in 1 case (2.08%) and the transition from the large to the transverse colon in one case (2.08%). Short term survival was 77.08% overall and 87.50% when only patients submitted to postoperative treatment were accounted for. Survival data are consistent with survival rates of 91% reported in literature.

Este estudo retrospectivo foi baseado em dados extraídos de prontuários de 48 cavalos com obstrução intestinal causada por enterólitos e / ou corpos estranhos observados ao longo de 17 anos. A análise dos dados teve como objetivo descrever as principais características desse tipo de cólica. Obstruções provocadas por enterólitos, corpos estranhos ou ambos foram responsáveis por 40 (83,34%), seis (12,50%) e dois (4,16%) casos nesta amostra, respectivamente. Os cavalos afetados tinham entre um e 32 anos (idade média de 9,5 anos), e 14 cavalos foram alimentados com alfafa. Acredita-se que a alfafa contribua para a formação de enterólitos. Corpos estranhos e enterólitos foram encontrados no cólon transverso (12 casos, 25%), maior ou menor (10 casos, 20,83%, respectivamente). A obstrução simultânea de diferentes segmentos intestinais também foi registrada. Estes envolveram o cólon menor e o cólon maior em 10 casos (20,83%), o cólon transverso e o cólon maior em quatro casos (8,33%), o cólon menor e o transverso em um caso (2,08%) e a transição do cólon maior para o cólon transverso em um caso (2,08%). A sobrevida em curto prazo foi de 77,08%, em geral, e de 87,50% quando contabilizados apenas os pacientes submetidos ao tratamento pós-operatório. Os dados de sobrevivência são consistentes com as taxas de sobrevivência de 91% relatadas na literatura.

Resumo

Background: Aspergillus spp. are dimorphic fungus widely distributed in the environment, including in soil, dust and decaying vegetation. Clinical signs of aspergillosis in horses including rhinitis, pneumonia, guttural pouch mycosis, keratomycosis, endometritis, abortions and systemic involvement. In addition, horses with a history of enterocolitis may be predisposed to pulmonary or systemic mycotic infection. However, reports about systemic aspergillosis in horses are restricted to infections by A. fumigatus and A. niger. There have been no reports of systemic infection caused by A. flavus in horses or in other domestic species. Thus, the objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of systemic infection by Aspergillus flavus in a mare.Case: A 3-year-old pregnant mare of the Manga Larga, had signs of colic two days prior to admission after grazing in a landfill area to which it had free access. The owner observed remains of plastic bags in the stool. Clinically, there was dehydration, apathy, ocular mucosal congestion, oral cyanosis, reluctance to move, diarrhea, fever, drooling and tachypnea. Due to its clinical condition, the animal was referred to the surgical center for exploratory laparotomy, where compaction in the colon and cecum was verified. Enterotomy and enterolith removal were performed in the small colon region. The mare died after eight days of hospitalization, and necropsy was performed. Macroscopically disseminated lesions were observed in the small colon, stomach, kidneys, lungs, heart and brain. Fragments of tissues from organs in the abdominal and thoracic cavities, as well as from the central nervous system, were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution, and subsequently routinely processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and special histochemical stains to visualize the infectious agent and its morphological characteristics.[...]

Resumo

Background: Enteroliths are intestinal mineral calculi predominantly composed of struvite. In horses this material accumulates concentrically around a core, causing total or partial obstruction of the higher and lower colon, and can lead to death by rupture. The enterolithiasis has worldwide distribution, and occurs frequently in Rio Grande do Sul, especially in Crioulo Horses. The aim of this work is to report a sequence of cases of Crioulo Horses with enterolithiasis, linking risk factors through historical analysis, clinical presentation and management employed by the breeding farms. Case: Between the years 2012 and 2015, 16 Crioulo Horses with colic syndrome caused by enteroliths were treated at the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária of Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), RS, Brazil and Clínica Hípica, in Porto Alegre, RS. The group was formed predominantly by males, weighted 430 kg in average and the average age was eight years old. All horses underwent general and specific clinical examination, laboratory tests and surgical procedure to remove the enterolith. After discharge, there was an epidemiological questionnaire seeking information about the history, food and environmental management that could be related to the development of enterolithiasis. In relationship to the history of previous episodes of colic, the results were: 4 horses (25%) had no previous episodes of [...]

Resumo

Among the diseases of digestive system in horses, the incidence of colic syndrome caused by enterolithiasis has been increasingly reported in different countries and regions of Brazil. There are several factors that predispose the formation of enterolith, such as the restricted access to pasture and unbalanced diet rich in protein, calcium and magnesium. Despite advances in veterinary medicine both in clinical medicine and in surgery, allowing professionals to carry out a rapid screening from the animal's history and clinical signs, the prognosis of enterolithiasis is reserved, depending on the clinical condition of the patient when it gets in the surgery center. Because of the significant cases and clinical importance of enterolithiasis in equine species, this study aimed to present a review about this disease, addressing aspects that allow early recognition of the clinical, stabilization and appropriate treatment.

Dentre as afecções do sistema digestório de equinos, a incidência de síndrome cólica causada por enterolitíase tem sido cada vez mais relatada em diversos países e regiões do Brasil. Diversos são os fatores que predispõem a formação do enterólito, entre eles, o restrito acesso ao pasto e dieta desbalanceada rica em proteínas, cálcio e magnésio. Apesar dos avanços da medicina veterinária, tanto na clínica médica quanto na cirúrgica, que permitem ao profissional a realização de uma triagem rápida a partir do histórico do animal e sinais clínicos, o prognóstico da enterolitíase é reservado, dependendo das condições clínicas que o paciente se encontra ao chegar ao centro cirúrgico. Tendo em vista a expressiva casuística e importância clínica da enterolitíase na espécie equina, o presente trabalho teve por finalidade efetuar uma revisão a respeito dessa enfermidade, abordando aspectos que possibilitem o reconhecimento precoce do quadro clínico, estabilização e tratamento apropriado.