Histology, histochemistry and fine structure of the Harderian gland, lacrimal gland and superficial gland of the third eyelid of the European bison, Bison bonasus bonasus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

The macroscopic anatomy and the microscopic and ultrastructural features of the Harderian gland (HG), lacrimal gland (LG) and superficial gland of the third eyelid (SGTE) of the adult European bison are described. In addition, morphometric studies were conducted and were followed by statistical analysis of the results. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, methyl green-pyronin Y, periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian blue pH 2.5, aldehyde fuchsin and Hale's dialysed iron. Analysis of the staining showed that the HG has a multilobular tubuloalveolar structure with mixed secretion. The LG and the SGTE have a multilobar tubuloacinar structure with serous secretion in the LG and mucoserous in the SGTE. The TEM study demonstrates that the secretory cells of the HG, LG and SGTE have similar ultrastructural appearance, with two types of secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm of all studied glands. The histochemical staining methods and the TEM study revealed the secretory activity in the HG, LG and SGTE ducts. The structural studies can be important for establishing relations between morphological structure and functions of these glands. It can have clinical implications especially when taking into consideration the protective mechanisms of the eye.

Histology, histochemistry and fine structure of the Harderian gland, lacrimal gland and superficial gland of the third eyelid of the European bison, Bison bonasus bonasus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

The macroscopic anatomy and the microscopic and ultrastructural features of the Harderian gland (HG), lacrimal gland (LG) and superficial gland of the third eyelid (SGTE) of the adult European bison are described. In addition, morphometric studies were conducted and were followed by statistical analysis of the results. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, methyl green-pyronin Y, periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian blue pH 2.5, aldehyde fuchsin and Hale's dialysed iron. Analysis of the staining showed that the HG has a multilobular tubuloalveolar structure with mixed secretion. The LG and the SGTE have a multilobar tubuloacinar structure with serous secretion in the LG and mucoserous in the SGTE. The TEM study demonstrates that the secretory cells of the HG, LG and SGTE have similar ultrastructural appearance, with two types of secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm of all studied glands. The histochemical staining methods and the TEM study revealed the secretory activity in the HG, LG and SGTE ducts. The structural studies can be important for establishing relations between morphological structure and functions of these glands. It can have clinical implications especially when taking into consideration the protective mechanisms of the eye.(AU)

Technological properties of cement-wood panels produced with eucalypt particles / Propriedades tecnológicas de painéis cimento-madeira produzidos com partículas de eucalipto

The study aimed to determine the technological properties of cement-wood panels produced with the particle Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage. The experiment plan consisted of four compositions with different treatments of the particles (cold water, hot water, sodium hidroxyde (NaOH) and calcium hidroxyde (Ca(OH)2), and a control composition. The panels were produced with nominal specific gravity of 1.20 g cm-³, with the ratios wood:concrete 1:2.75 and water:cement 0.40. The panels were evaluated for their physical and mechanical properties through the European standard EN. Analyses were performed to verify the occurrence of outliers, data normality and homogeneity of variances, and subsequently submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test. The results of physical and mechanical properties of the panels indicated that the best method of treating particles is through the use of Ca(OH)2. With the exception of the modulus of rupture, the thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity and tensile perpendicular, they met the specifications of commercial panels produced by the BISON process. Therefore, the feasibility of use of Eucalyptus benthamii for wood-cement panels production was discovered.

O estudo teve como objetivo determinar as propriedades tecnológicas de painéis cimento-madeira produzidos com partículas de Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage. O plano experimental foi formado por quatro composições com diferentes tratamentos das partículas (água fria, água quente, hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) e hidróxido de cálcio (Ca(OH)2), e uma composição testemunha. Os painéis foram produzidos com massa específica nominal de 1,20 g/cm³, com relação madeira:cimento de 1:2,75 e água:cimento de 0,40. Os painéis foram avaliados quanto as suas propriedades físicas e mecânicas por meio da norma europeia EN. Foram realizadas análises para verificar a ocorrência de outliers, normalidade dos dados e homogeneidade das variâncias, sendo posteriormente submetidas à análise da variância e teste de Tukey. Os resultados das propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos painéis indicaram que o melhor método de tratamento de partículas foi com o uso de Ca(OH)2. Com exceção do módulo de ruptura, o inchamento em espessura, módulo de elasticidade e tração perpendicular, atenderam às especificações de painéis comerciais produzidos pelo processo BISON. Dessa forma, verificou-se a viabilidade de uso da madeira de Eucalyptus benthamii para produção de painéis cimento-madeira.

Technological properties of cement-wood panels produced with eucalypt particles / Propriedades tecnológicas de painéis cimento-madeira produzidos com partículas de eucalipto

The study aimed to determine the technological properties of cement-wood panels produced with the particle Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage. The experiment plan consisted of four compositions with different treatments of the particles (cold water, hot water, sodium hidroxyde (NaOH) and calcium hidroxyde (Ca(OH)2), and a control composition. The panels were produced with nominal specific gravity of 1.20 g cm-³, with the ratios wood:concrete 1:2.75 and water:cement 0.40. The panels were evaluated for their physical and mechanical properties through the European standard EN. Analyses were performed to verify the occurrence of outliers, data normality and homogeneity of variances, and subsequently submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test. The results of physical and mechanical properties of the panels indicated that the best method of treating particles is through the use of Ca(OH)2. With the exception of the modulus of rupture, the thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity and tensile perpendicular, they met the specifications of commercial panels produced by the BISON process. Therefore, the feasibility of use of Eucalyptus benthamii for wood-cement panels production was discovered.(AU)

O estudo teve como objetivo determinar as propriedades tecnológicas de painéis cimento-madeira produzidos com partículas de Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage. O plano experimental foi formado por quatro composições com diferentes tratamentos das partículas (água fria, água quente, hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) e hidróxido de cálcio (Ca(OH)2), e uma composição testemunha. Os painéis foram produzidos com massa específica nominal de 1,20 g/cm³, com relação madeira:cimento de 1:2,75 e água:cimento de 0,40. Os painéis foram avaliados quanto as suas propriedades físicas e mecânicas por meio da norma europeia EN. Foram realizadas análises para verificar a ocorrência de outliers, normalidade dos dados e homogeneidade das variâncias, sendo posteriormente submetidas à análise da variância e teste de Tukey. Os resultados das propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos painéis indicaram que o melhor método de tratamento de partículas foi com o uso de Ca(OH)2. Com exceção do módulo de ruptura, o inchamento em espessura, módulo de elasticidade e tração perpendicular, atenderam às especificações de painéis comerciais produzidos pelo processo BISON. Dessa forma, verificou-se a viabilidade de uso da madeira de Eucalyptus benthamii para produção de painéis cimento-madeira.(AU)

Identification of the recently described new type of bovine papillomavirus (BPV-8) in a Brazilian beef cattle herd: [revision] / Identificação do novo tipo de papilomavírus bovino (BPV-8) recentemente descrito num rebanho bovino no Brasil: [revisão]

Bovine papillomavirus type 8 (BPV-8) was first detected and described in teat warts as well as in healthy teat skin from cattle raised in Japan. The entire viral genome was sequenced in 2007. Additionally, a variant of BPV-8, BPV-8-EB, was also identified from papillomatous lesions of a European bison in Slovakia. In Brazil, despite the relatively common occurrence of BPV infections, the identification and determination of viral types present in cattle is still sporadic. The aim of this study is to report the occurrence of the recently described BPV-8 in Brazil. The virus was identified in a skin warts obtained from a beef cattle herd located in Parana state, southern Brazil. The papilloma had a macular, non-verrucous gross aspect and was located on the dorsal thorax of a cow. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using generic primers for partial amplification of L1 gene. The obtained amplicon (480bp) was cloned and two selected clones were sequenced. The nucleotide sequence was compared to existing papillomaviral genomic sequences, identifying the virus as BPV type 8. This study represents the first report of BPV-8 occurrence in Brazil, what suggests its presence among Brazilian cattle.(AU)

A primeira descrição do papilomavírus bovino tipo 8 (BPV-8) foi realizada em amostras de papilomas de teto e de pele saudável de tetos de bovinos no Japão. Em 2007, a seqüência genômica completa do BPV-8 foi determinada. Ainda em 2007, uma variante do BPV-8 (BPV-8-EB) foi identificada em lesões papilomatosas de um bisão europeu na Eslováquia. No Brasil, apesar da infecção pelo BPV ser comumente observada em bovinos, a determinação dos tipos virais associados com a infecção ainda é esporádica. Este estudo tem o objetivo de relatar a ocorrência do BPV-8 no país. A amostra clínica foi obtida em um rebanho de corte do estado do Paraná, região sul do Brasil. O papiloma cutâneo, de aspecto macular e não-verrucoso, estava localizado na região dorsal torácica do animal. A identificação do vírus foi realizada pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) utilizando primers genéricos para a amplificação parcial do gene L1. O produto amplificado, com aproximadamente 480 pb, foi clonado e os fragmentos presentes em dois clones foram seqüenciados. A comparação da seqüência de nucleotídeos com a de outros papilomavírus demonstrou 100 por cento de identidade com o BPV-8. Assim, esta é a primeira descrição da ocorrência do BPV-8 no Brasil, o que sugere a sua presença nos rebanhos bovinos brasileiros.(AU)