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Meat consumption has been declining in favor of a shift towards poultry due to its lower price, health benefits and consumers' preference. One of the ways to enhance broiler production and quality is to substitute standard maize (SM) with quality protein maize (QPM) in animal diets. QPM is a high lysine maize with improved nutritional and biological values, developed by the selection of a naturally occurring recessive opaque2 mutation, which can reduce the use of costly feed components - synthetic lysine and protein ingredients such as soybean and fishmeal. Different feeding trials with QPM in broiler diets indicated that body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), breast meat yield (BMY), and abdominal fat (AF) are the main improved features. Herein, an overview of the effects of QPM on broiler performance and carcass characteristics, as well as the financial effects of its use, is presented. Different effects of QPM were observed, depending, in the main, on the QPM hybrid used in the trial. The possible reasons for the discrepancies and suggestions for overcoming them, focused on the utilization of the full potential of QPM, are discussed.

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The study aimed to investigate the distribution and expression of nesfatin-1 in Bactrian camels and its impact on adipocyte glucose metabolism. Polyclonal antibodies against a single antigenic epitope of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein were prepared. Nesfatin-1 expression was detected in various adipose tissues, including the hypothalamus, humps, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum, pancreas, liver, and abdomen, using Western blot and qRT-PCR. Glucose uptake levels, pyruvic acid content, and hexokinase and phosphofructokinase activities were measured in cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with nesfatin-1 in a high glucose state using a non-radiofluorimetric assay. The results showed that nesfatin-1 was found in all Bactrian camel tissues, with higher adipose tissue and pancreas expression. However, qRT-PCR analysis revealed higher expression of nesfatin-1 mRNA in the abdominal fat and liver. After nesfatin-1 treatment, a significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in glucose uptake levels, hexokinase, and phosphofructokinase activities in 3T3-L1 cells, with a significant increase (p<0.05) in their pyruvic acid content. These findings suggest that nesfatin-1 is expressed at high levels in the abdominal fat of Bactrian camels and significantly affects adipocyte glucose metabolism by regulating blood glucose levels, inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, and promoting lipid droplet hydrolysis to provide energy for the organism, which may relate to the Bactrian camel's ability to adapt to harsh environments.

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Present research work represents antiviral and antibacterial value of body fat of Saara hardwickii commonly called as spiny tailed lizard. Oil was extracted from body fats located in the ventral region of this animal using hydrocarbons e.g., n-hexane, methanol, butanol and ethyl acetate as a solvent. The antibacterial activity of lizard oil was tested against standard as well as multi-resistant lines ofEscherichia coli, Styphalococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris alone and with antibiotic ampicillin. For antibacterial potential, Ethyl acetate and Butanol solvent extract showed best zone of inhibition (7mm) with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus respectively. For antiviral potential, Butanol and Methanol extract showed best HA (Hemagglutination) titer of 04 with NDV and IBV viral strain respectively. It is concluded that lizard oil has antimicrobial potential against different pathogens strains (virus, bacteria).

O presente trabalho de pesquisa apresenta a importância antiviral e antibacteriana da gordura corporal de Saara hardwickii, comumente chamado de lagarto de cauda espinhosa. O óleo foi extraído de gorduras corporais localizadas na região ventral desse animal usando hidrocarbonetos, por exemplo, n-hexano, metanol, butanol e acetato de etila, como solvente. A atividade antibacteriana do óleo do lagarto foi testada em linhagens padrão e multirresistentes de Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Proteus vulgaris, de forma isolada e com antibiótico ampicilina. Para o potencial antibacteriano, acetato de etila e extrato de butanol apresentaram melhor zona de inibição (7 mm) com P. aeruginosa e S. aureus, respectivamente. Para o potencial antiviral, o extrato de butanol e o extrato de metanol apresentaram melhor título de hemaglutinação de 4 com as cepas virais NDV e IBV, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o óleo do lagarto possui potencial antimicrobiano contra diferentes cepas de patógenos (vírus e bactérias).

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric parameters and the mass of adipose tissues of rats fed with cactacea flour. The animals were divided into five groups:C (Control), H (Hypercaloric diet), HP (Hypercaloric diet with 5% Pereskia grandifolia flour), HO (Hypercaloric diet with 5% Opuntia ficus-indicaflour), and HA (Hypercaloric diet with 5% Agave tequilanaflour). Feed intake and apparent digestibility, capillary glycemia, liver weight and Hepato-Somatic Index were evaluated. Adipose tissue mass and the Visceral Fat Index (VFI) and Epididymal Fat Index (EFI) were determined. The data were compared using theTukey test at 5% significance level. There was no statistical difference between the groups for body weight, BMI and Lee Index. The HP and HA groups did not differ from the C group regarding weight gain,the C group had lower apparent digestibility of thediets,the HA group presentedlower blood glucose when compared to the H and HO groups,and the H group had higher liver weight. The HP and HA groups gainedthe lowest adipose tissue mass, VFI and EFI than the H and HO groups. Among the cactaceae studied,Pereskia grandifoliashowed better effects on morphometric and adipose tissue parameters.(AU)

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Purpose: To evaluate, by quantitative and qualitative methods, the glomerular ultrastructure in Wistar rats fed a cafeteria diet. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups at 21 days of age: control (C, n = 10) and cafeteria diet (CAF, n = 8). The animals were followed up until 5 months of age, followed by euthanasia. The blood, kidneys, and fat deposits­­epididymal, retroperitoneal, and subcutaneous­­were extracted and analyzed. Data were analyzed by Student's t test, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The cafeteria diet promoted glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia (p < 0.0001), and deposition of retroperitoneal fat (p < 0.005). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the length of the foot process was similar in both groups. The quantitative analyses by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cafeteria diet reduced the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The intake of lipids and simple carbohydrates were found to be associated with alteration in the glomerular ultrastructure. However, more studies are needed to evaluate not only the effects of high-protein and high-fat diets on components of the glomerular filtration barrier, but also renal physiology.

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The main protein sources used in broiler chicken diets, such as soybean meal and fishmeal, are costly, and one potential alternative is black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM).This study aimed to determine the incorporation rate of full-fat BSFLM in broiler chicken diets for optimum zoo-economic performance. The experiment involved 250 day-old unsexed broiler chickens randomly allocated into 25 batches. Five different levels of full-fat BSFLM incorporation (0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16%) were tested during a 49-day experiment. Zootechnical data, economics indexes, and carcass quality were determined. Results indicated a significant decrease in feed intake with the increase of full-fat BSFLM. At the end of the experiment, the broiler chickens fed BSFLM4 demonstrated the highest live weight and the best FCR, with no statistical difference. In terms of economic parameters, the control diet showed the highest feed cost and the lowest economic feed efficiency, without a significant difference. Full-fat BSFLM incorporation did not significantly affect carcass yield. However, chickens receiving BSFLM 16% indicated having a lower zootechnical performance. A full-fat BSFLM incorporation rate of 12% into broiler chicken feed could improve zoo-economic performance in the current study. Moreover, BSFLM could serve as a cost-effective protein source.(AU)

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Endurance and flat race are entirely different efforts and thus require completely different organism adaptations to achieve the performance. This study aimed to examine the difference in basal lipid metabolism in Arabian horses undergoing different training regimens for endurance and race and possible gender differences. The study enrolled sixty male and female' Arabian horses; thirty were trained for race, and thirty were trained for 80 km endurance races. The analyses included body condition score, body weight, body mass index, % body fat, and blood collected to determine triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density proteins, high-density proteins, and non-esterified fatty acids. Ultrasonography was used to measure the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer in the longissimus dorsi muscle, as well as the thickness of the rump fat and the cross-section of the gluteus medius muscle. This study showed that lipid profile is more influenced by type of exercise than by gender, being more efficient on endurance horses.

Enduro e corrida são esportes completamente diferentes e, portanto, requerem adaptações diferentes do organismo para alcançar o desempenho físico. Este estudo teve como objetivo examinar a diferença no metabolismo lipídico basal em cavalos Árabes submetidos a diferentes regimes de treinamento, para resistência e para corrida e possível diferença de gênero. Sessenta cavalos árabes machos e fêmeas foram estudados, trinta treinados para corrida e trinta treinados para corridas de enduro de 80 km. As análises realizadas foram escore de condição corporal, peso corporal, índice de massa corporal, porcentagem de gordura corporal e sangue coletado para determinação de triglicerídeos, colesterol total, proteínas de baixa densidade, proteínas de alta densidade e ácidos graxos não esterificados. A ultrassonografia da espessura da camada de gordura subcutânea foi realizada sobre o músculo longissimus dorsi, espessura da gordura da garupa e seção transversal do músculo glúteo médio. Árabes de corrida apresentaram maiores valores de todos os parâmetros lipídicos estudados e área de secção transversa do músculo glúteo médio. Não houve diferença quanto ao gênero quando estudamos machos e fêmeas praticantes do mesmo esporte, com exceção da região dos músculos glúteos. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que o perfil lipídico é mais influenciado pelo tipo de exercício do que pelo gênero, sendo mais eficiente nos cavalos de enduro.

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Adipose tissue can be a source of bovine mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). However, most studies do not incorporate post-mortem collection or in vitro differentiation of these cells from bovine fat and other sources into three mesodermal lineages. This study characterized and cryopreserved bovine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) collected post-mortem. Cells were isolated from cattle (Bos taurus) and cultured under standard conditions for ex vivo expansion and cryopreservation. Cell growth kinetics was determined by cell doubling time after consecutive cellular passages. Clonogenic capacity was determined using the colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) assay. The trilineage differentiation assay was performed to determine its in vitro multipotency. The in vitro proliferation and clonogenic capacity of bovine AD-MSCs was maintained across successive passages (P2-P6). Greater clonogenic capacity was found in fresh than post-cryopreservation cells. Cells showed multipotential capacity in adipose, cartilage and bone lineages. In conclusion, no changes were observed in the growth kinetics and colony-forming capacity of the successive passages evaluated. Clonogenic capacity was higher in fresh than post-cryopreserved cells.

O tecido adiposo pode ser uma fonte de células estromais/tronco mesenquimais bovinas (MSCs). No entanto, a maioria dos estudos não incorpora a coleta post-mortem ou a diferenciação in vitro dessas células a partir de gordura bovina e outras fontes em três linhagens mesodérmicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar e criopreservar MSCs derivadas de tecido adiposo bovino (AD-MSCs) coletadas post-mortem. As células foram isoladas de bovinos (Bos taurus) e cultivadas sob condições padrão para expansão ex vivo e criopreservação. A cinética de crescimento celular foi determinada pelo tempo de duplicação celular após passagens celulares consecutivas. A capacidade clonogênica foi determinada usando o ensaio de fibroblastos de unidades formadoras de colônias (CFU-F). O ensaio de diferenciação de trilinhagem foi realizado para determinar sua multipotência in vitro. A proliferação in vitro e a capacidade clonogênica das AD-MSCs bovinas foram mantidas através de passagens sucessivas (P2-P6). Maior capacidade clonogênica foi encontrada em células frescas do que em células pós-criopreservadas. As células mostraram capacidade multipotencial nas linhagens adiposa, cartilaginosa e óssea. Concluindo, não foram observadas alterações na cinética de crescimento e na capacidade de formação de colônias das sucessivas passagens avaliadas. A capacidade clonogênica foi maior em células frescas do que em células pós-criopreservadas.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of including an emulsifier (soybean lecithin) and two lipid sources (soybean oil and chicken fat) on the performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 576 one-day-old Cobb® 500 male chicks were housed in a completely randomized design, with treatments divided in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (with and without emulsifier and two lipid sources ­ soybean oil or chicken fat), totaling four treatments with eight replications and 18 chicks per plot. The experimental diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isoproteic. The use of chicken fat improved the live weight at the starter rearing stage. However, the use of the emulsifier improved the live weight at the grower and finisher phases. No interaction effect was observed between treatments for performance. The intestinal morphology showed an increase in duodenal villus height with the use of chicken fat and emulsifier. The ileum had an increase in villus height in chickens fed the diet with soybean oil and emulsifier. Supplementation of the emulsifier resulted in positive results in the live weight of chickens at 35 and 42 days of age, in addition to increasing the villus height in the small intestine.(AU)

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The aim of this study was to determine the meat quality characteristics of broilers that were brought to the slaughterhouse from different transport distances and received post-slaughter carcass electrical stimulation. For this purpose, broilers were transported to the slaughterhouse from different distances, from farms belonging to the same enterprise. Broilers coming from different distances were randomly divided into two subgroups after slaughter. Electrical stimulation was applied to one of the groups, on the pectoral muscle. After electrical stimulation, pH measurements of the carcasses were made in both groups in the first 15 minutes. The carcasses were then cut, and the breast and thigh meats were separated. Subsequently, these samples were kept at +4°C for 24 hours, and pH measurements, electrical conductivity, color parameters, cooking loss and texture profile analyses were made. For the breast meat samples, it was determined that the difference in transport distance between the groups caused a difference in crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash values. It was detected that as the transport distance to the slaughterhouse increased, the protein and ash values decreased, while the fat value increased. pH15min was measured to be lower in breast meat samples taken from a closer distance to the farm. In thigh meat samples, the difference in transport distance was significant in crude fat and crude ash values. It was determined that the difference between the groups in the values obtained as a result of the electrical stimulation applied after slaughter were not significant, except for redness values of thigh meat.(AU)

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Purpose: Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) extract has several health benefits and anti-obesogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the medicinal properties attributable to HS would prevent or mitigate bladder changes induced by obesity in an experimental model. Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were submitted to one of four different dietary interventions (12 animals each): G1, standard diet and water (controls); G2, standard diet and HS tea; G3, a palatable high-fat diet and water; and G4, high-fat diet diet and HS tea. The animals were monitored for body weight, feed, and water and tea intake, according to the allocated group. After 16 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and the levels of creatinine, inflammatory cytokines, testosterone, cholesterol, triglycerides, and electrolytes were evaluated. In addition, histopathological analysis of the animals' bladder was performed. Results: Groups receiving HS (G2 and G4) showed decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α. HS tea was able to reduce low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in the G2 group compared to other groups. Only in the G3 there was a significant increase in the body weight when it was compared the 12th and 16th weeks. Leptin was shown to be elevated in the groups that received a high-fat diet. There was a significant decrease in the muscle fibers thickness and in the total collagen count in G4 bladder when compared with G1 and G3. Conclusions: HS has an anti-inflammatory role, can reverse hyperlipidemia in rats, and reduced deleterious effects of obesity on these animals' bladder.

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This study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating fish waste oil into laying hens' diets on apparent nutrient digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy. A total of 72 Hisex White laying hens (25 weeks old) were employed in a completely randomized design, with treatments consisting of a control diet and an experimental diet (containing 3.5% fish oil), each with six replicates of six birds. The collected data underwent polynomial regression analysis at a 5% significance level. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, mineral matter,crude fiber, and non-nitrogenous extract between the reference diet and the experimental diet containing fish waste oil. However, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the digestibility of ethereal extract (fat). Despite this, values for apparent metabolizable energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance did not exhibit significant differences (p>0.05) between the reference and experimental diets. In conclusion, the incorporation of 3.5% fish waste oil in laying hens'diets led to satisfactory nutrient digestibility and enhanced fat digestibility. Importantly, this inclusion did not adversely impact energy metabolism.(AU)

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A insuficiência pancreática exócrina (IPE) é uma condição funcional caracterizada pela secreção inadequada de enzimas digestivas pelas células acinares do pâncreas, levando a uma má absorção e eventual síndrome de desnutrição crônica. Nos felinos, embora seja uma das principais afecções do pâncreas exócrino, é, frequentemente, subdiagnosticada e pouco relatada. Diversos fatores foram identificados como possíveis desencadeadores dessa síndrome em felinos, sendo a pancreatite crônica considerada o estágio final mais aceito. Desde a introdução e validação do teste da imunorreatividade semelhante à tripsina felina (fTLI), aumentou-se o diagnóstico de IPE em gatos, entretanto, muitos casos permanecem sem diagnóstico, devido à inespecificidade dos sinais clínicos e alterações clínico patológicas apresentadas pelos pacientes. O tratamento dos animais acometidos, normalmente, é bem sucedido por meio da suplementação enzimática pancreática na dieta. Produtos comerciais estão disponíveis e o pó é considerado mais eficaz que a administração de comprimidos ou cápsulas. O presente relato descreve um caso clínico de IPE em um felino e discute os sinais clínicos apresentados nessa espécie, diagnóstico, tratamento e os principais diferenciais que devem ser considerados para conclusão do diagnóstico.(AU)

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a functional condition characterized by inadequate secretion of digestive enzymes by the acinar cells of the pancreas, leading to malabsorption and eventual chronic malnutrition syndrome. In felines, although it is one of the main diseases of the exocrine pancreas, it is often underdiagnosed and little reported. Several factors have been identified as possible triggers of this syndrome in felines, with chronic pancreatitis considered the most accepted final stage. Since the introduction and validation of the feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI) test, the diagnosis of EPI in cats has increased. However, many cases remain undiagnosed due to the nonspecificity of clinical signs and clinical pathological changes presented by patients. Treatment of affected animals is usually successful through pancreatic enzyme supplementation in the diet. Commercial products are available, and the powder is considered more effective than administration of tablets or capsules. This paper reports a clinical case of EPI in a feline, discussing the clinical signs presented in this species, diagnosis, treatment, and the main differences that must be considered to conclude the diagnosis.(AU)

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The use of crop residue silages is a viable alternative for producers to reduce feed costs. The present study was developed with the objective of investigating the inclusion of pineapple silage in replacement of sorghum silage in the diet of lactating cows regarding feed intake, production, and quality of milk. Eight crossbred (Holstein × Gir) cows with an average weight of 555±30 kg and an average milk yield of 12.50±3.25 kg/day, between 60 and 90 days in milk, were distributed into two simultaneous 4 × 4 Latin squares, at one animal per experimental unit. Silage of pineapple crop residue (PS) using plants after the harvest of the fruits was included in the roughage portion of the diet at increasing levels, with simultaneous and proportional removal of sorghum silage (SS) from the diets. The studied treatments thus consisted of the roughage portion containing: 1- 0% PS and 100% SS (100SS); 2- 34% PS and 66% SS (34PS66SS); 3- 67% PS and 33% SS (67PS33SS); 4- 100% PS and 0% SS (100PS). The diets were supplied twice daily, allowing 5% leftovers in relation to the quantity offered. The amounts of feed supplied, and orts of each animal were weighed for a subsequent determination of intake. The experiment was divided into four 21-day sub-periods, the first 14 days of which were used as an adaptation to the diet, while the others served for data collection. The milk was weighed from the 15th to the 19th day of each experimental period, and milk samples were collected on the last day of each period. Milk samples were sent to the laboratory, where they were analyzed. Dry matter, mineral matter, and lignin concentrations in the diet did not vary (P>0.05) as a function of PS inclusion in the roughage portion, while protein content, fiber content, and fat content levels were influenced. No effect of PS inclusion was observed (P>0.05) on the intakes of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, mineral material, or lignin. However, PS inclusion prompted (P<0.05) a linear increase in the intakes of protein and total fat. The inclusion of pineapple plant silage in the roughage part of the diet had a positive effect (P<0.05) on milk yield, 4% fat-corrected milk yield, and on the milk fat and total solids contents. Milk production, as well as fat and total solids content, increased moderately with inclusion of pineapple plant silages in the roughage portion of the diet. Therefore, pineapple silage can replace sorghum silage in the roughage part of diets for lactating crossbred cows.(AU)

A utilização de silagens de resíduos culturais é uma alternativa viável para os produtores reduzirem custos com alimentação. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de investigar a inclusão da silagem de abacaxi em substituição à silagem de sorgo na dieta de vacas lactantes quanto ao consumo de ração, produção e qualidade do leite. Oito vacas mestiças (Holstein × Gir), com peso médio de 555±30 kg e produção média de leite de 12,50±3,25 kg/dia, entre 60 e 90 dias de lactação, foram distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos 4 × 4 simultâneos, em um animal por unidade experimental. A silagem de resíduo da cultura do abacaxi (PS) utilizando plantas após a colheita dos frutos foi incluída na porção de volumoso da dieta em níveis crescentes, com retirada simultânea e proporcional da silagem de sorgo (SS) das dietas. Os tratamentos estudados consistiram, portanto, na porção de volumoso contendo: 1- 0% PS e 100% SS (100SS); 2- 34% PS e 66% SS (34PS66SS); 3- 67% PS e 33% SS (67PS33SS); 4- 100% PS e 0% SS (100PS). As dietas foram fornecidas duas vezes ao dia, permitindo sobras de 5% em relação à quantidade oferecida. As quantidades de ração fornecida e sobras de cada animal foram pesadas para posterior determinação do consumo. O experimento foi dividido em quatro subperíodos de 21 dias, sendo os primeiros 14 dias utilizados como adaptação à dieta, enquanto os demais serviram para coleta de dados. O leite foi pesado do 15º ao 19º dia de cada período experimental, e as amostras de leite foram coletadas no último dia de coleta de cada período. As amostras de leite foram enviadas ao laboratório, onde foram analisadas. As concentrações de matéria seca, matéria mineral e lignina na dieta não variaram (P>0,05) em função da inclusão de PS na porção de volumoso, enquanto os teores de proteína, teor de fibra e teor de gordura foram influenciados. Não foi observado efeito da inclusão de PS (P>0,05) nos consumos de matéria seca, fibra em detergente neutro, material mineral ou lignina. No entanto, a inclusão de PS provocou (P<0,05) um aumento linear na ingestão de proteínas e gorduras totais. A inclusão de silagem de abacaxi na parte volumosa da dieta teve efeito positivo (P<0,05) na produção de leite, na produção de leite corrigida em 4% para gordura e nos teores de gordura e sólidos totais do leite. A produção de leite, bem como o teor de gordura e sólidos totais aumentaram moderadamente com a inclusão de silagens de abacaxi na porção de volumoso da dieta. Portanto, a silagem de abacaxi pode substituir a silagem de sorgo na parte de volumoso das dietas de vacas mestiças em lactação.(AU)

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This study evaluated the anesthetic activity of essential oil from Lippia alba (EOLA), linalool chemotype in a euryhaline fish (fat snook Centropomus parallelus). In the first experiment, fish were exposed to 30, 80, 130, 180, 200, and 230 µL EOLA L−1. The second experiment evaluated smaller and larger fish with 180 µL EOLA L-1. In the third experiment, ventilatory rates (VR) for up to 120 min in animals during exposure to 5 and 10 µL EOLA L−1 were evaluated. In the fourth experiment, fish anesthetized with 30 and 180 µL EOLA L-1 were assessed at 0, 30, and 60 min after anesthesia recovery to evaluate biochemical and antioxidant parameters. The best mild and deep anesthesia times were obtained with 30 and 180 µL EOLA L-1, and larger fish had the highest times. The VR increased in fish exposed to EOLA. Blood glucose and whole-body cortisol levels were higher in fish anesthetized with 180 µL EOLA L-1. Fish exposed to EOLA had higher liver glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase activities without affecting catalase and lipid peroxidation levels. The 180 µL EOLA L-1 is recommended for fat snook anesthesia because it increases VR, blood glucose, and whole-body cortisol levels and prevents oxidative stress.(AU)

Este estudo avaliou a atividade anestésica do óleo essencial de Lippia alba (OELA), quimiotipo linalool, em um peixe eurialino (robalo-peva Centropomus parallelus). No primeiro experimento, peixes foram expostos a 30, 80, 130, 180, 200 e 230 µL OELA L−1. O segundo experimento avaliou peixes pequenos e grandes com 180 µL OELA L-1. No terceiro experimento, avaliou-se taxa ventilatória por até 120 min em animais expostos a 5 e 10 µL OELA L−1. No quarto experimento, peixes anestesiados com 30 e 180 µL OELA L-1 foram avaliados nos tempos 0, 30 e 60 min após a recuperação anestésica para verificação de parâmetros bioquímicos e antioxidantes. Os melhores tempos de anestesia leve e profunda foram obtidos com 30 e 180 µL OELA L-1. Peixes maiores apresentaram anestesia e tempos de recuperação mais elevados. A taxa ventilatória aumentou em peixes expostos para OELA comparados ao grupo controle. Os níveis de glicose sanguínea e cortisol corporal foram maiores em peixes anestesiados com 180 µL OELA L-1. Robalos-peva expostos para OELA tiveram maior atividade de glutationa S-transferase e superóxido dismutase no fígado, sem afetar os níveis de catalase e peroxidação lipídica. O uso de 180 µL OELA L-1 é recomendado para anestesia de robalo-peva, pois aumentou taxa ventilatória e níveis de glicose sanguínea, cortisol corporal, e preveniu estresse oxidativo.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: In beef cattle breeding programs, various selection criteria have been proposed and employed with the aim of improving traits related to carcass composition and the quality of the final product, meat. However, the importance of genotype by environment interaction (G×E) for such traits is still not well understood. Our objectives were: 1) to investigate the importance of G×E on ultrasound carcass traits, growth and visual scores and 2) to estimate the genetic correlation of ultrasound carcass traits with growth and visual scores taking into account the G×E in Hereford and Braford cattle. A multiple-trait reaction norm model was fitted to the field records of 37,948 animals. With the exception of postweaning average daily weight gain (ADG), the G×E can lead to important changes in the ranking of estimated breeding values of sires across environments for all traits. Thus, models that consider heterogeneity of genetic variances along an environmental gradient may be considered more appropriate for genetic evaluations of animals reared under conditions similar to the present study. Based on estimates of genetic correlation, the quality of visual scores or ADG as indicators of carcass quality assessed by ultrasonography is dependent on the production environment.

RESUMO: Nos programas de melhoramento de bovinos de corte, diversos critérios de seleção têm sido propostos e utilizados com o objetivo de melhorar as características relacionadas à composição da carcaça e a qualidade da carne. Por outro lado, a importância da interação genótipo ambiente (G×E) para tais características ainda é pouco conhecida. Nossos objetivos foram: 1) investigar a importância da G×E nas características de carcaça avaliadas por ultrassonografia, crescimento e escores visuais e 2) estimar a correlação genética de características de carcaça com crescimento e escores visuais levando em consideração a G×E para bovinos Hereford e Braford. Um modelo de norma de reação multicaracterísticas foi ajustado aos dados de 37.948 animais. Com exceção do ganho de peso diário médio pós-desmama (GMD), a G×E pode levar a mudanças importantes na classificação dos valores genéticos estimados de touros nos diferentes ambientes para todas as características. Assim, modelos que consideram a heterogeneidade de variâncias genéticas ao longo do gradiente ambiental podem ser considerados mais apropriados para avaliações genéticas de animais criados em condições semelhantes às do presente estudo. Com base nas estimativas de correlação genética, a qualidade dos escores visuais ou GMD como indicadores de qualidade de carcaça avaliados por ultrassonografia é dependente do ambiente de produção.

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Abstract The present study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of protein on the growth, body composition, amino acid profile and serology of Channa marulius fingerlings. The experiment was conducted in ten happas installed in earthen ponds, each stocked with 10 fishes for 90 days. Four commercial fish feeds having 25%, 30%, 32% and 40% crude protein (CP) levels were fed to fish at 3% of their wet body weight three times a day. The results of the study revealed that highest weight gain, feed conversion ratio and survival rate were observed in 30% protein feed. Meanwhile, moisture content was higher in fish fed with 30% CP feed while highest crude protein was recorded in 40% CP fed fish. Lowest fat content was observed in 32% CP feed. Amino acid profile of fish revealed better results in 30% CP feed. Total protein, glucose and globulin were also highest in fish feeding 30% CP feed, while albumin was highest in 40% CP feed. It is concluded that 30% CP feed showed better results in terms of growth, amino acid profile and serological parameters without effecting fish body composition.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o efeito de diferentes níveis de proteína sobre o crescimento, composição corporal, perfil de aminoácidos e sorologia de alevinos de Channa marulius. O experimento foi conduzido em dez happas instalados em tanques de terra, cada um abastecido com 10 peixes, por 90 dias. Quatro alimentos para peixes comerciais com níveis de 25%, 30%, 32% e 40% de proteína bruta (PB) foram dados aos peixes com 3% de seu peso corporal úmido três vezes ao dia. Os resultados do estudo revelaram que maior ganho de peso, taxa de conversão alimentar e taxa de sobrevivência foram observados em 30% de proteína alimentar. Enquanto isso, o conteúdo de umidade foi maior em peixes alimentados com 30% de PB, enquanto a proteína bruta mais alta foi registrada em peixes alimentados com 40% de PB. O menor conteúdo de gordura foi observado em rações com 32% de PB. O perfil de aminoácidos dos peixes revelou melhores resultados na ração com 30% de PB. Proteína total, glicose e globulina também foram maiores em peixes alimentados com ração com 30% de PB, enquanto a albumina foi mais alta com 40% de PB. Conclui-se que a ração com 30% de PB apresentou melhores resultados em termos de crescimento, perfil de aminoácidos e parâmetros sorológicos sem afetar a composição corporal dos peixes.

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Abstract Present research work represents antiviral and antibacterial value of body fat of Saara hardwickii commonly called as spiny tailed lizard. Oil was extracted from body fats located in the ventral region of this animal using hydrocarbons e.g., n-hexane, methanol, butanol and ethyl acetate as a solvent. The antibacterial activity of lizard oil was tested against standard as well as multi-resistant lines ofEscherichia coli, Styphalococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris alone and with antibiotic ampicillin. For antibacterial potential, Ethyl acetate and Butanol solvent extract showed best zone of inhibition (7mm) with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus respectively. For antiviral potential, Butanol and Methanol extract showed best HA (Hemagglutination) titer of 04 with NDV and IBV viral strain respectively. It is concluded that lizard oil has antimicrobial potential against different pathogens strains (virus, bacteria).

Resumo O presente trabalho de pesquisa apresenta a importância antiviral e antibacteriana da gordura corporal de Saara hardwickii, comumente chamado de lagarto de cauda espinhosa. O óleo foi extraído de gorduras corporais localizadas na região ventral desse animal usando hidrocarbonetos, por exemplo, n-hexano, metanol, butanol e acetato de etila, como solvente. A atividade antibacteriana do óleo do lagarto foi testada em linhagens padrão e multirresistentes de Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Proteus vulgaris, de forma isolada e com antibiótico ampicilina. Para o potencial antibacteriano, acetato de etila e extrato de butanol apresentaram melhor zona de inibição (7 mm) com P. aeruginosa e S. aureus, respectivamente. Para o potencial antiviral, o extrato de butanol e o extrato de metanol apresentaram melhor título de hemaglutinação de 4 com as cepas virais NDV e IBV, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o óleo do lagarto possui potencial antimicrobiano contra diferentes cepas de patógenos (vírus e bactérias).

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The purpose of this study was to establish a multivariate model using two complementary multivariate statistical techniques:Factor Analysis and Stepwise Multiple Regression,to predict tissue composition through carcass characteristics of Santa Inês sheep. The data wasobtained from 82 Santa Inês sheep underconfinement. The predictor variables were carcass characteristics related to weight, yield, morphometric measures and meat cuts. The use of latent variables from factor analysis in multiple regression models eliminates the problem of multicollinearity of the explanatory variables, improving the accuracy of interpretation of results by proposing a better fit of the mathematical model. However, the coefficient of determination (R²) values were moderate for muscle proportion and total fat, and low for bone proportion, indicating that more appropriate independent variables should be used to better predict the proportion of tissues in Santa Inês sheep.(AU)

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This study was carried out to investigate the effects of adding artichoke vinegar to the drinking water of broilers on their fattening performance and carcass characteristics. In the experiment, 204-day old broiler chickens were used, and the study was continued for 42 days. In the study, 4 different groups were formed, one of which was the control group, and the other 3 were different doses of vinegar (0.5%, 1.0 and 1.5). The experiment was carried out in 3 replications and 17 birds were included in each replication. During the fattening period, the live weight, feed consumption, vinegar water consumption and slaughter weight of the chickens were measured. After slaughter, characteristics such as hot carcass weight, hot carcass yield, internal organ weights and abdominal fat weights were determined. According to the results obtained, in the 0-6 weeks period, the daily average live weight gain, daily average feed intake, total feed intake, feed conversion ratio, average daily water intake and total water intake of the broilers were significantly higher than the values obtained in the treatments with vinegar (P<0.05, P<0.01). It was determined that the groups showed significant differences in terms of traits such as abdominal fat weight and percentage, liver weight, heart weight and percentage, and kidney weight and percentage. As a result, it can be said that the artichoke vinegar added to the drinking water of broilers has significant effects on some performance characteristics and has the best effect when used at 1.5% level.

Este estudo foi realizado para investigar os efeitos da adição de vinagre de alcachofra à água de bebida de frangos de corte no desempenho de engorda e nas características de carcaça. No experimento, foram utilizados frangos de corte com 204 dias de idade, e o estudo foi continuado por 42 dias. No estudo, foram formados quatro grupos diferentes, um dos quais era o grupo controle e os outros três eram diferentes doses de vinagre (0,5%, 1,0% e 1,5%). O experimento foi realizado em três repetições e 17 aves foram incluídas em cada repetição. Durante o período de engorda, foram medidos o peso vivo, o consumo de ração, o consumo de água com vinagre e o peso de abate dos frangos. Após o abate, foram determinadas características como peso de carcaça quente, rendimento de carcaça quente, peso de órgãos internos e peso de gordura abdominal. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, no período de 0-6 semanas, o ganho médio diário de peso vivo, o consumo médio diário de ração, o consumo total de ração, a conversão alimentar, o consumo médio diário de água e o consumo total de água dos frangos de corte foram significativamente maiores do que os valores observados nos tratamentos com a aplicação de vinagre (P<0,05, P<0,01). Foi determinado que os grupos apresentaram diferenças significativas em termos de características como peso e porcentagem de gordura abdominal, peso do fígado, peso e porcentagem do coração e peso e porcentagem dos rins. Como resultado, pode-se dizer que o vinagre de alcachofra adicionado à água de bebida dos frangos de corte tem efeitos significativos sobre algumas características de desempenho e apresenta melhor efeito quando utilizado no nível de 1,5%.