First report of fibropapillomatosis (FP) and Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) in a green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) from the historically fibropapillomatosis-free Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Northeastern Brazil / Primeiro caso de fibropapilomatose (FP) e de Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) em tartaruga-verde (Chelonia mydas) no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Nordeste do Brasil

Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is an infectious disease caused by Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5). Nevertheless, its clinical manifestations are considered multifactorial. Due to its relevance, FP is currently monitored in sea turtle populations in the United States, Australia, Caribbean, and Brazil. Between 2000 and 2020, the TAMAR Project/ TAMAR Project Foundation analyzed the prevalence of FP in nine states and oceanic islands along the Brazilian coast, including Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNA), a historically FP-free area. A total of 4,435 green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) were monitored from 2010 to 2016. Additionally, in 2012 and 2014, 43 FP-free skin samples were analyzed for ChHV5 using a qualitative PCR for the UL30 polymerase (pol) sequence. In 2015, a bilateral ocular nodule characterized as an FP tumor was reported in one of the monitored individuals undergoing rehabilitation. Tissue samples were collected following surgical removal of the tumor. Characterization of a 454 bp UL30 polymerase gene revealed a ChHV5 sequence previously reported in other areas of the Atlantic Brazilian coast. In the years following this finding from January 2017 to March 2020, a total of 360 C. mydas were monitored in the same area and no FP tumors were detected. This is the first report of FP and the first detection of ChHV5 in FNA, a finding of great concern considering this site's historical absence of FP occurrence. This study highlights the importance of monitoring this disease in historically FP-free areas of the Brazilian Atlantic coast.(AU)

A fibropapilomatose (FP) é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5). No entanto, as manifestações clínicas da doença são consideradas multifatoriais. Esta doença é monitorada atualmente em populações de tartarugas marinhas nos EUA, Austrália, Caribe e Brasil. Desde 2000, o Projeto TAMAR/Fundação Projeto TAMAR analisa a presença de FP em nove estados da costa brasileira e ilhas oceânicas, incluindo o arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, uma área historicamente livre de FP. Um total de 4.435 indivíduos de Chelonia mydas foram monitorados de 2010 a 2016 e 43 amostras de pele foram analisadas para detectar ChHV5 em 2012 e 2014 com o objetivo de avaliar a presença do vírus em tecidos sem FP, usando uma PCR qualitativa para detecção de sequências do gene da UL30 polimerase. Em 2015, uma tartaruga verde (C. mydas) foi relatada com um nódulo ocular bilateral caracterizado como FP. Amostras de tecido foram coletadas durante sua reabilitação e procedimento cirúrgico para remover o tumor. A caracterização parcial de uma sequência de 454 bp do gene UL30 polimerase detectou ChHV5 anteriormente relatado em outras áreas da costa atlântica brasileira. Após estes achados, de janeiro de 2017 a março de 2020, um total de 360 indivíduos de C. mydas foram monitorados e nenhum caso de FP foi registrado. Este é o primeiro relato de FP e a primeira caracterização de ChHV5 no arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, uma questão preocupante e que ressalta a importância do monitoramento desta doença em áreas historicamente livres de FP na costa atlântica brasileira.(AU)

Penile fractures in young bulls raised in feedlots in Southern Brazil

Background: Penile fracture is a pathology of young cattle that perform precocious and disordered breeding. The incompatibility of height between males and females and sodomy between males cause a great pressure on the sigmoid flexure and retractor muscle of the penis, which are the main causes and sites of organ injury. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological and pathological aspects of penile fractures observed in young bulls raised in pre-export feedlots (PEFs) in southern Brazil. Cases: In 2 PEFs located in the municipalities of Pelotas (property 1) and Capão do Leão (property 2), 3 male cattle [1 from property 1 and 2 from property 2] presented subcutaneous edema in the foreskin and perineum, associated with dysuria. The evolution of the clinical picture was approximately 20 days in all cases, with evolution to death. The bovine necropsied on property 1 had an increased volume and inguinal edema, involving the penis and scrotal sac. Necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue and local musculature was also observed. The testicles were surrounded by the necrotic tissue, and the right testis was swollen, with flaccid parenchyma adhering to the tunica albuginea. In the necropsy of 1 bull from property 2, an increase in the inguinal volume was observed, with an extensive area of necrosis and edema extending from the prepuce to the caudal musculature of the scrotal sac. There were also marked varicosis in the sigmoid flexure and necrosis of the adjacent region, without the involvement of the corpus cavernosum. During the necropsy of the 2 young bulls, fragments of organs from the abdominal, thoracic, and brain cavities were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. From the bull of the property 2, an anatomical piece consisting of the penis, prepuce, and testicles was also collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. After 48 h, the tissue samples were cleaved, embedded in paraffin, cut into 3-µm-thick sections, and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (HE). A histological evaluation of the penile lesions in both cattle revealed intense hemorrhage, congestion, and necrosis of the muscles and tissues adjacent to the corpus cavernosum. In addition to areas of dystrophic calcification, neutrophil and macrophage infiltration was also observed. In the bull from the property 1, an intense edema and proliferation of fibrous tissue surrounding the urethra were noted. There were also marked tubular degeneration and intense infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in the inner portion of the tunica albuginea. Discussion: In the present cases, the diagnosis was based on epidemiological data associated with clinical signs and pathology. The macroscopic lesions observed were probably due to the involvement of blood vessels adjacent to the penis, which suffered trauma during sodomy mating among cattle. These lesions have been described in other reports of this pathology and in diseases, such as acropostitis-phimosis, fibropapilloma of the glans, preputial abscess, and urolithiasis, and the differential diagnosis of these diseases must be carried out, as they have different etiologies. In the bulls of the present study, no lesions were observed in the corpus cavernosum, and this condition was attributed to the presence of varicosis and accumulation of urine in the prepuce, due to the difficulty in exposing the penis. Histologically, there were intense hemorrhage, congestion, and necrosis of the muscles and tissues adjacent to the corpus cavernosum, with the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and areas of dystrophic calcification. The presence of necrotic lesions in tissues adjacent to the penis may be related to hypoxia, vascular lesions, or the action of chemical elements present in the urine. In both cases, vascular lesions were present, which were attributed to the main triggering factor for the disease.

Structural description of sea turtle fibropapilloma

Fibropapillomatosis is a neoplastic disease that affects sea turtles. It is characterized by multiple papillomas, fibropapillomas and cutaneous and/or visceral fibromas. Although its etiology has not been fully elucidated, it is known that there is a strong involvement of an alpha herpesvirus, but the influence of other factors such as parasites, genetics, chemical carcinogens, contaminants, immunosuppression and ultraviolet radiation may be important in the disease, being pointed out as one of the main causes of a reduction in the green turtle population. Thus, the objective of this article was to describe the morphology of cutaneous fibropapillomas found in specimens of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), using light and scanning electron microscopy in order to contribute to the mechanism of tumor formation. Microscopically, it presented hyperplastic stromal proliferation and epidermal proliferation with hyperkeratosis. The bulky mass was coated with keratin, with some keratinocyte invaginations, that allowed the keratin to infiltrate from the epidermis into the dermis, forming large keratinized circular spirals. Another fact that we observed was the influence of the inflammation of the tumors caused by ectoparasites.(AU)

Structural description of sea turtle fibropapilloma

Fibropapillomatosis is a neoplastic disease that affects sea turtles. It is characterized by multiple papillomas, fibropapillomas and cutaneous and/or visceral fibromas. Although its etiology has not been fully elucidated, it is known that there is a strong involvement of an alpha – herpesvirus, but the influence of other factors such as parasites, genetics, chemical carcinogens, contaminants, immunosuppression and ultraviolet radiation may be important in the disease, being pointed out as one of the main causes of a reduction in the green turtle population. Thus, the objective of this article was to describe the morphology of cutaneous fibropapillomas found in specimens of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), using light and scanning electron microscopy in order to contribute to the mechanism of tumor formation. Microscopically, it presented hyperplastic stromal proliferation and epidermal proliferation with hyperkeratosis. The bulky mass was coated with keratin, with some keratinocyte invaginations, that allowed the keratin to infiltrate from the epidermis into the dermis, forming large keratinized circular spirals. Another fact that we observed was the influence of the inflammation of the tumors caused by ectoparasites.

Feline sarcoid: case report / Sarcóide Felino: relato de caso

It was aimed to describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of a case of sarcoid tumor in an adult, mixed-breed female cat, with a history of a small increase of volume on the ear. At physical examination, no alteration was found with the exception of the presence of a rounded dermal nodule of 3.0 x 1.5 x 0.5 cm, ulcerated, well-circumscribed, pedunculated, pinkish, solid-elastic, mobile and painless, located on the skin of the border of the auricular pavilion. In the cytological examination of the nodule, the involvement of a benign mesenchymal neoplasia was found. Furthermore, alterations in the hematological examinations were not observed, nor in the imaging tests, and the serological analyses for infection by the leukemia and immunodeficiency were negative. The surgical excision of the nodule was performed, and then the nodule was submitted to histopathologic examination. Microscopically, was verified superficial and deep dermis distended by a non-encapsulated nodule, covered by intact skin, constituted by fibroblasts disposed in random beams predominantly spaced, at times, interspersed by collagen fibers; epidermis with focally extensive acanthosis, projecting papillae in the direction of the superficial dermis. Furthermore, was observed accentuated orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and, in occasional vessels, the presence of a discreet lymphoplasmocitary

Objetivou-se descrever as características clínicas e histopatológicas de um caso de sarcoide em uma gata, adulta, sem raça definida, com histórico de pequeno aumento de volume na orelha. Ao exame físico, não constatou-se nenhuma alteração à exceção da presença de um nódulo dérmico arredondado de 3,0 x 1,5 x 0,5 cm, ulcerado, de circunferência circunscrita, pedunculado, rosado, firme-elástico, móvel e indolor, localizado na pele da borda do pavilhão auricular. Ao exame citológico do nódulo, constatou-se o envolvimento de uma neoplasia mesenquimal benigna. Ademais, não foram observadas alterações nos exames hematológicos, nem de imagem e as análises sorológicas para infecção pelo vírus da leucemia e imunodeficiência foram negativas. Procedeu-se com a excisão cirúrgica do nódulo, o qual foi submetido a exame histopatológico. Microscopicamente, verificou-se derme superficial e profunda distendida por nódulo não encapsulado, revestido por pele íntegra, constituído por fibroblastos dispostos em feixes aleatórios predominantemente espaçados e, por vezes, entremeados por fibras colágenas; epiderme com acantose focalmente extensa, projetando papilas em direção à derme superficial. Ademais, observou-se hiperqueratose ortoqueratótica acentuada e, em ocasionais vasos, presença de discreto infiltrado linfoplasmocitário e área focal de hemorragia, compatível com sarcoide felino. Decorridos 11 meses após a conchectomia, não constatou-se recidivas. Este relato alerta a necessidade de incluir esta neoplasia nos diagnósticos diferenciais de neoformações cutâneas em gatos com as características supracitadas.

Feline sarcoid: case report / Sarcóide Felino: relato de caso

It was aimed to describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of a case of sarcoid tumor in an adult, mixed-breed female cat, with a history of a small increase of volume on the ear. At physical examination, no alteration was found with the exception of the presence of a rounded dermal nodule of 3.0 x 1.5 x 0.5 cm, ulcerated, well-circumscribed, pedunculated, pinkish, solid-elastic, mobile and painless, located on the skin of the border of the auricular pavilion. In the cytological examination of the nodule, the involvement of a benign mesenchymal neoplasia was found. Furthermore, alterations in the hematological examinations were not observed, nor in the imaging tests, and the serological analyses for infection by the leukemia and immunodeficiency were negative. The surgical excision of the nodule was performed, and then the nodule was submitted to histopathologic examination. Microscopically, was verified superficial and deep dermis distended by a non-encapsulated nodule, covered by intact skin, constituted by fibroblasts disposed in random beams predominantly spaced, at times, interspersed by collagen fibers; epidermis with focally extensive acanthosis, projecting papillae in the direction of the superficial dermis. Furthermore, was observed accentuated orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and, in occasional vessels, the presence of a discreet lymphoplasmocitary(AU)i

Objetivou-se descrever as características clínicas e histopatológicas de um caso de sarcoide em uma gata, adulta, sem raça definida, com histórico de pequeno aumento de volume na orelha. Ao exame físico, não constatou-se nenhuma alteração à exceção da presença de um nódulo dérmico arredondado de 3,0 x 1,5 x 0,5 cm, ulcerado, de circunferência circunscrita, pedunculado, rosado, firme-elástico, móvel e indolor, localizado na pele da borda do pavilhão auricular. Ao exame citológico do nódulo, constatou-se o envolvimento de uma neoplasia mesenquimal benigna. Ademais, não foram observadas alterações nos exames hematológicos, nem de imagem e as análises sorológicas para infecção pelo vírus da leucemia e imunodeficiência foram negativas. Procedeu-se com a excisão cirúrgica do nódulo, o qual foi submetido a exame histopatológico. Microscopicamente, verificou-se derme superficial e profunda distendida por nódulo não encapsulado, revestido por pele íntegra, constituído por fibroblastos dispostos em feixes aleatórios predominantemente espaçados e, por vezes, entremeados por fibras colágenas; epiderme com acantose focalmente extensa, projetando papilas em direção à derme superficial. Ademais, observou-se hiperqueratose ortoqueratótica acentuada e, em ocasionais vasos, presença de discreto infiltrado linfoplasmocitário e área focal de hemorragia, compatível com sarcoide felino. Decorridos 11 meses após a conchectomia, não constatou-se recidivas. Este relato alerta a necessidade de incluir esta neoplasia nos diagnósticos diferenciais de neoformações cutâneas em gatos com as características supracitadas.(AU)

Teste sorológico para herpesvírus tipo 5 (chhv-5) em tartarugas-marinhas revisão de literatura

A fibropapilomatose é uma doença caracterizada pela presença de fibropapilomascutâneos, que podem se distribuir por todo o corpo do animal. Estudos apontam que o herpesvírus associado a fibropapilomatose (ChHV-5) é o causador desta doença, que tem como uma de suas principais características a latência. Os testes sorológicos são uma ferramenta de grande valia para verificar a exposição das tartarugas marinhas ao vírus e, desta forma, trazer dados sobre como o vírus afeta às populações de tartarugas em vida livre. Sendo assim, a padronização do teste para o Herpesvirus tipo 5 (ChHV-5) permitirá a identificação e titulação dos anticorpos mesmo em animais sem sinais clínicos.(AU)

Fibropapillomatosis is a disease characterized by the presence of cutaneous fibropapillomas, which can spread throughout the body of the animal. Studies indicate that the herpesvirus associated with fibropapillomatosis (ChHV-5) is the cause of this disease, which has as one of its main characteristics the latency. Serological tests are a valuable tool for verifying the exposure of sea turtles to the virus and thus provide data on how the virus affects turtle populations in free living. Therefore, the standardization of the test for Herpesvirus type 5 (ChHV-5) will allow the identification and titration of the antibodies even in animals without clinical signs.(AU)

Teste sorológico para herpesvírus tipo 5 (chhv-5) em tartarugas-marinhas – revisão de literatura

A fibropapilomatose é uma doença caracterizada pela presença de fibropapilomascutâneos, que podem se distribuir por todo o corpo do animal. Estudos apontam que o herpesvírus associado a fibropapilomatose (ChHV-5) é o causador desta doença, que tem como uma de suas principais características a latência. Os testes sorológicos são uma ferramenta de grande valia para verificar a exposição das tartarugas marinhas ao vírus e, desta forma, trazer dados sobre como o vírus afeta às populações de tartarugas em vida livre. Sendo assim, a padronização do teste para o Herpesvirus tipo 5 (ChHV-5) permitirá a identificação e titulação dos anticorpos mesmo em animais sem sinais clínicos.

Fibropapillomatosis is a disease characterized by the presence of cutaneous fibropapillomas, which can spread throughout the body of the animal. Studies indicate that the herpesvirus associated with fibropapillomatosis (ChHV-5) is the cause of this disease, which has as one of its main characteristics the latency. Serological tests are a valuable tool for verifying the exposure of sea turtles to the virus and thus provide data on how the virus affects turtle populations in free living. Therefore, the standardization of the test for Herpesvirus type 5 (ChHV-5) will allow the identification and titration of the antibodies even in animals without clinical signs.

Frequency, pathology and electron microscopy of dromedary camel viral fibro-papilloma in Sudan

Sixteen different herds comprising 1803 camels were surveyed between August 2009 and January 2012 for presence of Camel Papillomatosis. Outbreaks of the disease were observed in two different areas. The first outbreak occurred in Al-Qutaynah locality, about 83 Km south of Khartoum and the second in Al-Fashagah locality about 410 Km south east of Khartoum. Fifty three camels were found to be affected with papillomatosis, with a total morbidity rate of 2.9%. All affected animals were 3-24 months old in addition to 2 females aged four and five years old. Cases of Camel Papillomatosis were recorded in January, July, August and October. The skin lesions were dark grey or white keratinized fissured raised masses, some of which were pedunculated. They showed various shapes: round, oval, cauliflower, horn shape, flat or dome shape and measured on average about 8.8 X 7.5 X 7.1 mm. Warts occurred mostly in head and face but other sites (limbs, ventral abdomen, sternum and tail) were also involved. Twenty Five cases were analyzed histopathologically, in which sections were typical for fibropapilloma characterized by multiple papillary proliferations covered with keratinized epithelium, with down growth of rete ridges. Acanthosis with karyopyknosis and cytoplasmic vacuolations in stratum spinosum cells and hyperkeratosis were seen together with subepithelial fibrosis. No inclusions could be detected in squamous cells. Out of 19 samples investigated immunohistochemically for papillomavirus antigens, 10 samples were found positive. Using transmission electron microscopy, aggregates of papillomavirus virions were foundin the nuclei of the stratum granulosum in one sample.

Frequency, pathology and electron microscopy of dromedary camel viral fibro-papilloma in Sudan

Sixteen different herds comprising 1803 camels were surveyed between August 2009 and January 2012 for presence of Camel Papillomatosis. Outbreaks of the disease were observed in two different areas. The first outbreak occurred in Al-Qutaynah locality, about 83 Km south of Khartoum and the second in Al-Fashagah locality about 410 Km south east of Khartoum. Fifty three camels were found to be affected with papillomatosis, with a total morbidity rate of 2.9%. All affected animals were 3-24 months old in addition to 2 females aged four and five years old. Cases of Camel Papillomatosis were recorded in January, July, August and October. The skin lesions were dark grey or white keratinized fissured raised masses, some of which were pedunculated. They showed various shapes: round, oval, cauliflower, horn shape, flat or dome shape and measured on average about 8.8 X 7.5 X 7.1 mm. Warts occurred mostly in head and face but other sites (limbs, ventral abdomen, sternum and tail) were also involved. Twenty Five cases were analyzed histopathologically, in which sections were typical for fibropapilloma characterized by multiple papillary proliferations covered with keratinized epithelium, with down growth of rete ridges. Acanthosis with karyopyknosis and cytoplasmic vacuolations in stratum spinosum cells and hyperkeratosis were seen together with subepithelial fibrosis. No inclusions could be detected in squamous cells. Out of 19 samples investigated immunohistochemically for papillomavirus antigens, 10 samples were found positive. Using transmission electron microscopy, aggregates of papillomavirus virions were foundin the nuclei of the stratum granulosum in one sample.(AU)

Aspectos patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de neoplasmas em ovinos

Neoplasmas em ovinos são infrequentes, e a prevalência dos diferentes subtipos histológicos de tumores pode variar bastante entre as diferentes regiões geográficas. Na literatura, há poucos estudos de caracterização que investiguem a prevalência e detalhem os aspectos patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos das doenças neoplásicas nesta espécie. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de neoplasmas em ovinos no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), durante 40 anos (1980-2019) e caracterizar os seus aspectos macroscópicos, histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos. Informações referentes ao perfil dos animais (idade, raça e sexo), alterações clínicas, macroscópicas e histológicas foram coletadas dos laudos de necropsias e exames histopatológicos com diagnóstico de neoplasias. Durante este período, 35 ovinos (1,8%) foram acometidos por neoplasmas, sendo a maioria classificados como malignos (30/35). Em geral, o tumor mais prevalente foi o carcinoma de células escamosas (17/35) e afetou principalmente o sistema tegumentar (10/17). Outros tipos de neoplasmas ocorreram menos frequentemente, afetando diferentes sistemas orgânicos e compreenderam em ordem decrescente: linfoma (7/35), adenocarcinoma intestinal (3/35), fibroma (3/35), carcinoma hepatocelular (1/35), colangiocarcinoma (1/35), fibrossarcoma (1/35), papiloma (1/35) e fibropapiloma ruminal (1/35). Na histologia, os neoplasmas de origem epitelial se caracterizaram por células cúbicas ou poliédricas arranjadas em ilhas, fitas, cordões, ninhos, ácinos ou ductos. Tumores de origem mesenquimal ou de células redondas apresentaram células fusiformes ou redondas dispostas em feixes ou em manto. Alguns tipos histológicos, como o colangiocarcinoma e o fibrossarcoma, apresentaram alterações macroscópicas e histológicas particularmente incomuns. A técnica de imuno-histoquímica foi realizada principalmente em tumores malignos e permitiu determinar a origem das células neoplásicas em alguns casos, o que auxiliou na confirmação do diagnóstico. Por meio desse estudo, foi possível conhecer a prevalência de neoplasias em ovinos na rotina de um laboratório de patologia veterinária em 40 anos de diagnóstico. O estudo também permitiu caracterizar os aspectos anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos desses neoplasmas, fornecendo informações novas e relevantes para o diagnóstico de neoplasias na espécie ovina.

Neoplasms in sheep are uncommon, and the prevalence of different histological subtypes of tumours can vary widely between different geographic regions. In the literature, there are few characterization studies that investigate the prevalence, and detail the pathological and immunohistochemical aspects of neoplastic diseases in this species. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of neoplasms in sheep at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory (LPV) of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), for 40 years (1980-2019), and to characterize its macroscopic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects. Information regarding the profile of the animals (age, breed, and sex), clinical, macroscopic and histological changes were collected from the necropsy reports and histopathological exams with diagnosis of neoplasms. During this period, of a total of 1,945 exams performed, 35 sheep (1.8%) were affected by neoplasms, the majority being classified as malignant (30/35). In general, the most prevalent tumour was squamous cell carcinoma (17/35) and mainly affected the integumentary system (10/17). Other types of neoplasms occurred less frequently, affecting different organ systems and comprised, in decreasing order: lymphoma (7/35), intestinal adenocarcinoma (3/35), fibroma (3/35), hepatocellular carcinoma (1/35), cholangiocarcinoma (1/35), fibrosarcoma (1/35), papilloma (1/35) and ruminal fibropapilloma (1/35). Histologically, neoplasms of epithelial origin were characterized by cubic or polyhedral cells arranged in islands, ribbons, cords, nests, acini or ducts. Tumours of mesenchymal origin or of round cells, presented spindle or round cells arranged in bundles or in mantle. Some histological types, such as cholangiocarcinoma and fibrosarcoma, showed particularly unusual macroscopic and histological changes in this case series. The immunohistochemistry technique was performed mainly on malignant tumours and allowed to determine the origin of the neoplastic cells in some cases, which helped to confirm the diagnosis. Through this study, it was possible to know the prevalence of neoplasms in sheep in the routine of a veterinary pathology laboratory in 40 years of diagnosis. The study also made it possible to characterize the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of these neoplasms, providing new and relevant information for the diagnosis of neoplasms in the sheep species.

Aspectos anatomotopográficos e anestesia com sevofluorano para exérese de fibropapilomas em tartarugas verdes (Chelonia mydas)

DUTRA, G.H.P. Aspectos anatomotopográficos e anestesia com sevofluorano para exérese de fibropapilomas em tartarugas verdes (Chelonia mydas) 2021. 110fl. Tese (Doutorado)- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, 2021 Fibropapilomatose é uma enfermidade panzoótica tumoral de tartarugas verdes (Chelonia mydas), cujas lesões são caracterizadas como massas papilares na pele, especialmente no membro torácico. O objetivo do estudo foi levantar aspectos anatomotopográficos do membro torácico e plexo braquial e avaliar a anestesia com sevofluorano em tartarugas verdes para exérese de fibropapilomas cutâneos. Doze cadáveres de tartarugas verdes foram dissecados para identificação dos músculos da cintura peitoral e do plexo braquial. As dissecções foram efetuadas após a retirada do plastrão das tartarugas, e divulsão de pele e tecido subcutâneo, separando as fáscias e perimísio para identificação de origem e inserção da musculatura do membro torácico, bem como a divulsão para visualização das raízes ventrais cervicais e torácicas que originam o plexo braquial na espécie. Dezoito tartarugas verdes com fibropapilomatose foram submetidas à anestesia por sevofluorano, após indução com 5 mg/kg de propofol. A fração expirada de sevofluorano (FESevo) foi inicialmente estabelecida em 2,5%, sendo gradualmente elevada até a ausência de resposta dolorosa frente a um estímulo elétrico de 50 Hz, 20 Voltz e 6,5 milissegundos de duração. Ato contínuo, os tumores foram removidos com bisturi convencional. Os animais foram monitorados a cada 5 minutos por eletrocardiografia (ECG), concentração de CO2 no final da expiração (ETCO2), oximetria de pulso (SPO2), reflexos palpebral, corneal, cloacal, e de dor superficial e profunda. Ao estudo anatômico observou-se que o plexo braquial origina-se de raízes ventrais caudais entre a quinta vértebra cervical até a primeira vértebra torácica, cujo tronco superior origina os nervos sub e supraescapular, deltoide, e o supracoracoide; o tronco medial origina os nervos musculocutâneo, mediano e ulnar, e o tronco inferior o nervo radial. O FESevo estabelecido em tartarugas verdes para que obtivesse resposta negativa frente ao estímulo elétrico foi de 4,0% ± 0,31. Naquele momento, a FC foi de 33 ± 5,8 batimentos por minuto (bpm), a SPO2 foi de 95,6% ± 2,6, o ETCO2 foi de 21 mmHg [6;35] e temperatura cloacal de 29,5 ± 0,58oC. Foi notório o aumento no tempo de equilíbrio entre as frações inspiradas e expiradas de anestésico, sugerindo que isso deva ser decorrente do desvio intracardíaco, reduzindo respostas cardiovasculares vagalmente mediadas. Diante dos dados, conclui-se que o membro torácico apresenta complexa anatomia nervosa do plexo braquial, compatível com diversas outras Classes do Reino Animal, cujas ramificações inervam músculos e dermátomos notavelmente mais afetados pela fibropapilomatose. Para a remoção cirúrgica, é necessária a manutenção anestésica com aproximadamente 4% de sevofluorano, o qual promove cronotropismo cardíaco negativo nas tartarugas.

DUTRA, G.H.P. Anatomotopographic aspects and sevoflurane anesthesia for fibropapilloma excision in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) 2021. 110p. Thesis (Doctorate) - Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 2021 Fibropapillomatosis is a panzootic tumoral disease of green turtles (Chelonia mydas), whose lesions are characterized as papillary masses on the skin, especially on the thoracic limb. The aim of the study was to survey anatomotopographic aspects of the thoracic limb and brachial plexus and to evaluate the anesthesia with sevoflurane in green turtles for the removal of cutaneous fibropapillomas. Twelve green turtle cadavers were dissected to identify the muscles of the pectoral girdle and brachial plexus. The dissections were performed after removing the plastron from the turtles, and divulsion of skin and subcutaneous tissue, separating the fascia and perimysium to identify the origin and insertion of the musculature of the thoracic limb, as well as the dissection to visualize the ventral cervical and thoracic roots that originate the brachial plexus in the species. Eighteen green turtles with fibropapillomatosis were submitted to sevoflurane anesthesia after induction with 5 mg/kg of propofol. The expired fraction of sevoflurane (FESevo) was initially established at 2.5%, being gradually increased until the absence of a painful response to an electrical stimulus of 50 Hz, 20 Voltz and 6.5 milliseconds in duration. Then, the tumors were removed with a conventional scalpel. The animals were monitored every 5 minutes by electrocardiography (ECG), end-expiratory CO2 concentration (ETCO2), pulse oximetry (SPO2), eyelid, corneal, cloacal, and superficial and deep pain reflexes. The anatomical study showed that the brachial plexus originates from ventral caudal roots between the fifth cervical vertebra and the first thoracic vertebra, whose upper trunk originates the sub and suprascapular, deltoid, and supracoracoid nerves; the medial trunk gives rise to the musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerves, and the inferior trunk to the radial nerve. The FESevo established in green turtles to obtain a negative response to electrical stimulus was 4.0% ± 0.31. At that time, HR was 33 ± 5.8 beats per minute (bpm), SPO2 was 95.6% ± 2.6, ETCO2 was 21 mmHg [6;35] and cloacal temperature was 29.5 ± 0.58°C. It was notorious the increase in the equilibrium time between the anesthetic inspired and expired fractions, suggesting that this must be due to the intracardiac shunt, reducing vagally mediated cardiovascular responses. Given the data, it is concluded that the thoracic limb has a complex nervous anatomy of the brachial plexus, compatible with several other classes of the animal kingdom, whose branches innervate muscles and dermatomes notably more affected by fibropapillomatosis. For surgical removal, anesthetic maintenance with approximately 4% of sevoflurane is necessary, which promotes negative cardiac chronotropism in turtles.

Vaginal Fibropapilloma in a Heifer

The term fibropapilloma is used to refer to a papilloma virus induced benign tumor in the skin. A 6 month old Holstein calf was referred to the veterinary hospital of this school having multiple masses in the vaginal roof. The animalhad 4-5 pinkish closely associated masses attached to the dorsal commissure of the vaginal roof about 5 cm deep into the vagina. Histopathological examination revealed the masses similarly consisted of abundant proliferating fibrous tissue with an epithelial covering of variable thickness. The pegs of the epithelium that typically extend into the subjacent connectivetissue demonstrated papillomatous features with irregular hyperplasia and epidermal rete ridges. In the epidermis, the stratum spinosum was hyperplastic and the koilocytes included variably sized keratohyalin granules and a few intranuclear inclusion bodies were present. The dermis consisted of densely packed fibroblasts and dense irregular collagenous connective tissue. In Massons trichrome staining, the bundles of collagen were blue in color. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin but negative for S-100. Based on routine histopathological, special stainingand immunohistochemical findings, the tumor was diagnosed as vaginal fibropapilloma.

Vaginal Fibropapilloma in a Heifer

The term fibropapilloma is used to refer to a papilloma virus induced benign tumor in the skin. A 6 month old Holstein calf was referred to the veterinary hospital of this school having multiple masses in the vaginal roof. The animalhad 4-5 pinkish closely associated masses attached to the dorsal commissure of the vaginal roof about 5 cm deep into the vagina. Histopathological examination revealed the masses similarly consisted of abundant proliferating fibrous tissue with an epithelial covering of variable thickness. The pegs of the epithelium that typically extend into the subjacent connectivetissue demonstrated papillomatous features with irregular hyperplasia and epidermal rete ridges. In the epidermis, the stratum spinosum was hyperplastic and the koilocytes included variably sized keratohyalin granules and a few intranuclear inclusion bodies were present. The dermis consisted of densely packed fibroblasts and dense irregular collagenous connective tissue. In Massons trichrome staining, the bundles of collagen were blue in color. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin but negative for S-100. Based on routine histopathological, special stainingand immunohistochemical findings, the tumor was diagnosed as vaginal fibropapilloma.(AU)

Hematological and histopathological evaluation of wildlife green turtles (Chelonia mydas) with and without fibropapilloma from the north coast of São Paulo State, Brazil / Avaliação hematológica e histopatológica de tartarugas verdes de vida livre (Chelonia mydas) com e sem fibropapilomas do litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo

Blood profiles were determined in 47 juvenile green turtles, Chelonia mydas, from São Paulo northern coast, Brazil. Twenty-nine were affected by fibropapillomas and 18 were tumor free. Complete gross and histopathologic examinations of the fibropapillo were performed in 21 green turtles. Biometrical data, size, location and amount of tumors were recorded. The papillomas varied in morphology, location, size, color and texture. We found hyperplastic stroma, rich in blood vessels and connective tissue with increase in thickness of the dermis. The tumors w0ere classified as papillomas or fibropapillomas according to their epithelial and/or stromal proliferation. The lowest Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (HCM) values were observed in affected turtles.(AU)

Realizou-se hemograma de 47 tartarugas verdes, Chelonia mydas, provenientes de uma população de vida livre do litoral do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Dessas, 29 apresentavam fibropapilomas e 18 não apresentavam formação tumoral. Fez-se avaliação macroscópica e histopatológica dos tumores de 21 tartarugas verdes com fibropapilomatose. Foram coletados dados biométricos dos animais, avaliação de tamanho, localização e quantidade dos tumores. As formações papilomatosas apresentaram morfologia, localização, tamanho, coloração e textura variados. Observou-se um estroma hiperplásico, rico em vasos sanguíneos e grande quantidade de tecido conjuntivo, resultando em um espessamento da derme. As formações foram classificadas como papilomas e/ou fibropapilomas, dependendo da proliferação epitelial e/ou de estroma, respectivamente. Os parâmetros hematológicos apresentaram variação, em função do acometimento tumoral, somente para Hemoglobina Corpuscular Média (HCM), sendo observados valores menores em animais com fibropapilomas.(AU)

Detecção de Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) e caracterização histopatológica de fibropapilomas em Tartarugas-verdes (Chelonia mydas) no Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

A Fibropapilomatose (FP) é uma neoplasia reportada em todas as espécies de tartarugas-marinhas. Dentre as espécies, a tartaruga-verde apresenta a maior prevalência da doença, sendo assim considerada uma doença panzoótica emergente. A associação do Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) à tecidos tumorais, demonstrada por inúmeros estudos moleculares, descreve como agente etiológico da FP o ChHV5. Entretanto, há um consenso de que a doença possui caráter multifatorial e sua patogênese não é elucidada. A detecção de ChHV5 em diferentes tecidos permite o monitoramento do vírus na região e contribui para a compreensão da epidemiologia e patogênese deste agente, auxiliando na gestão e conservação da espécie. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve por objetivo a detecção de ChHV5 em amostras de Chelonia mydas (tartaruga-verde), acometidas e não acometidas pela FP, provenientes do Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo, através de técnicas moleculares e avaliação histopatológica. Foram avaliadas amostras de tumores (42 externos e um interno), pele (n=50) e pulmões (n=27) procedentes de 53 espécimes. A prevalência de ChHV5 nos indivíduos foi de 94,33% (50/53), observando a presença do vírus em todos os tipos de tecidos avaliados, e em indivíduos acometidos e não acometidos pela doença. A avaliação histopatológica demonstrou uma maior frequência de tecidos tumorais caracterizados como fibropapilomas, seguido por papilomas, fibromas e papiloma/fibropapiloma, e observou-se corpúsculos de inclusão intranucleares e degeneração balonosa em 5,26% (2/38) das amostras. Os resultados permitiram a formulação de hipóteses que podem contribuir para a compreensão de aspectos relacionados à patogênese da doença, forneceram dados de prevalência, auxiliando no monitoramento do agente na região estudada, e demonstraram a presença do vírus em pulmões de indivíduos não acometidos pela FP, não descrita em literatura

Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a neoplastic disease reported in all marine turtle species. However, green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) present the highest prevalence of FP, which is considered an emergent panzootic disease. The association between Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) and FP tumors, demonstrated by several studies, describes this virus as the primary etiological agent. However, there is a consensus that FP has multifactorial cause, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. The detection of ChHV5, in different types of samples, allows its monitoring in the environment, and contributes to knowledge about its epidemiology and pathogenesis providing skills for sea turtle conservation issues. The aims of this study were to characterize the FP tumors and detect ChHV5 in samples of C. mydas specimens with and without FP, from north coast of São Paulo State, through histopathological and molecular analyzes. Samples of FP tumor (42 external and one internal), skin (n = 50) and lung (n = 27) were obtained from 53 specimens. The prevalence of ChHV5 was 94.33% (50/53), and this virus was detected in all types of analyzed samples from tumored and non-tumored individuals. According to histopathological analysis, the most FP tumors was characterized as fibropapillomas, followed by papillomas, fibromas, and papilloma/fibropapilloma. Ballooning degeneration with intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in 5.26% (2/38) of the samples. The data generated in this study allow the elaboration of hypothesis that can contribute to elucidate the pathogenesis of FP and provide prevalence information helping in the monitoring of this etiological agent in the studied area. In addition, the results revealed the presence of ChHV5 in lung samples from specimens without FP, findings not yet reported in previous studies.

Detection and characterization of fibropapilloma associated herpesvirus of marine turtles in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Detecção e caracterização do herpesvírus associado ao fibropapiloma de tartarugas marinhas no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a benign tumoral disease that affects sea turtles, hampering movement, sight and feeding, ultimately leading to death. In Brazil, the disease was described for the first time in 1986. Research suggests the involvement of a herpesvirus in association with environmental and genetic factors as causal agents of FP. The objective of the present study was to detect and characterize this herpesvirus in sea turtles living in the coast of state Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. From October 2008 to July 2010, 14 turtles were observed between the beaches of Torres and Tavares, of which 11 were green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and 3 were loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta). All turtles were young and mean curved carapace length was 37.71±7.82cm, and varied from 31 to 55cm. Only one green turtle presented a 1cm, papillary, pigmented fibropapilloma. Skin and fibropapilloma samples were analyzed by conventional and real time PCR assays to detect and quantify herpesvirus. All skin samples were negative, though the fibropapilloma specimen was positive in both tests. Viral load was 9,917.04 copies of viral genome per milligram of tissue. The DNA fragment amplified from the fibropapilloma sample was sequenced and allocated in the Atlantic phylogeographic group. This study reports the first molecular characterization of herpesvirus associated with fibropapilloma in turtles from the coast of RS.(AU)

A fibropapilomatose (FP) é uma doença tumoral benigna que pode causar a morte das tartarugas marinhas por dificultar a sua locomoção, visão e alimentação. Pesquisas sugerem o envolvimento de um herpesvirus em associação com fatores ambientais e genéticos como agentes causais da FP. No Brasil, foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1986. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi detectar e caracterizar esse herpesvírus em tartarugas marinhas do litoral do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). De outubro de 2008 a julho de 2010, foram encontradas 14 tartarugas marinhas entre as praias de Torres e Tavares, das quais 11 eram tartarugas verdes (Chelonia mydas) e 3 eram tartarugas cabeçudas (Caretta caretta). Todas as tartarugas eram jovens e o comprimento curvilíneo de carapaça médio foi de 37,71±7,82cm, variando de 31 a 55cm. Apenas uma tartaruga verde apresentou um fibropapiloma de 1cm, pigmentado e de superfície papilar. Amostras de pele e do fibropapiloma foram submetidas a PCR convencional e PCR em tempo real para detecção e quantificação do herpesvírus. Todas as amostras de pele foram negativas e o fibropapiloma foi positivo em ambas as técnicas, apresentando uma carga viral de 9.917,04 cópias de genoma viral/mg de tecido. O fragmento de DNA amplificado na amostra de fibropapiloma foi sequenciado e revelou pertencer ao grupo filogeográfico do Atlântico. Essa é a primeira caracterização molecular do herpesvirus associado ao fibropapiloma em tartarugas do litoral do RS.(AU)

Epidemiological aspects of surgical diseases of the genital tract in a population of 12.320 breeding bulls (1982-2007) in the state of goias, brazil / Aspectos epidemiológicos de enfermidades cirúrgicas do aparelho genital de touros em uma população de 12.320 reprodutores (1982-2007) no estado de goiás, brasil

The genital tract of bulls might be affected by diseases that result in coeundi impotence leading to decrease of reproductive efficiency. Anatomic, breed and handling aspects are considered predisponent factors to genital injuries. In this study, it was considered 12,320 bulls evaluated between 1982 and 2007. From these, 898 (7.29%) bulls had some reproductive tract disease corrected surgically, diagnosed by specific clinical examination of the genitalia or service capacity test. At the same time, questionnaire was applied in order to obtain information related to genital diseases epidemiology. From 898 ill bulls, 741 (82.52%) were Bos indicus, 133 (14.81) were Bos taurus and 24 (2.67%) were crossbred bulls. It was observed that 570 (63.50%) were 60 months-old, 220 (24.5%) were between 40 and 60 months-old and 108 (12.0%) were 40 months-old. Among the diagnosed diseases, independent of breed, age and handling, it was identified 728 (81%) cases of acropostitis-fimosis, 46 (5.20%) penis deviation, 23 (2.60%) gland fibropapilloma, 14 (1.60%) preputial abscesses and 11 (1.20%) penile fractures. From 417 visited farms, 256 (61.50%) treated the disease empirically, ignoring previous diagnosis. Thus, it can be concluded that handling and breed characteristics were the main predisposing factors related for the etiopathogeny of reproductive tract diseases.KEY WORDS: Bovine, epidemio

O aparelho genital do touro pode ser acometido por enfermidades que resultam em impotência coeundi, levando à queda na eficiência reprodutiva. Aspectos anatômicos, raciais e manejo são considerados fatores predisponentes de injúrias à genitália. Neste estudo, catalogaram-se 12.320 touros entre 1982 e 2007, sendo que, destes, 898 (7,29%) eram portadores de alguma enfermidade cirúrgica no aparelho reprodutor, diagnosticados pelo exame clínico específico da genitália ou por meio do teste de capacidade de serviço. Concomitantemente, aplicou-se questionário para obtenção de informações relacionadas à epidemiologia das enfermidades genitais. Dos 898 touros enfermos, 741 (82,52%) eram zebuínos, 133 (14,81%) taurinos e 24 (2,67%) mestiços. Observou-se que 570 (63,5%) possuíam idade igual ou superior a 60 meses, 220 (24,5%) entre 40 e 60; e 108 (12,0%) inferior a 40 meses. Dentre as enfermidades diagnosticadas, registraram-se 728 (81%) casos de acropostite-fimose, 46 (5,20%) desvios penianos, 23 (2,60%) fibropapiloma de glande, 14 (1,60%) abscessos prepuciais e 11 (1,20%) fraturas penianas. Dos 417 produtores rurais visitados, 256 (61,50%) efetuavam, empiricamente, tratamento das enfermidades, ignorando a importância do diagnóstico. Concluiu-se que o manejo e a característica racial foram os principais fatores predisponentes relacionados à etiopatogenia das enfermidades do aparelho repr

Fibropapiloma cutâneo (sarcóide) felino: relato de caso / Feline cutaneous fibropapillom a (sarcoid): case report

O fibropapiloma cutâneo é uma rara neoplasia benigna, que acomete principalmente gatos jovens, residentesde áreas rurais com exposição a bovinos, equinos e ovinos. Esta neoplasia caracteriza-se por nódulos,únicos ou múltiplos, de tamanho variável observados principalmente em membros, face, dígitos e região abdomino-ventral e cervical. O fibropapiloma felino possui varias similaridades com o sarcóideequino, sendo associado, como este, a infecção pelo papilomavirus bovino tipo I. O contato com bovinose equinos doentes, seria a principal fonte de transmissão da doença, justificando sua maior prevalênciaem animais de zona rural. Como em eqüinos, metástases são raras, embora a recorrência local seja comum.A freqüência e a ocorrência desta neoplasia é indeterminada devido ao seu caráter auto-limitante,ao grande número de diagnósticos diferencias e por acometer gatos de zona rural, os quais possuem menosacesso a avaliação veterinária. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever um caso clínico de fibropapilomafelino (sarcóide felino) de um animal atendido no hospital veterinário da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. (AU)

Cutaneous fibropapilloma is a rare benign skin tumor that mainly affects young cats that live nearbyrural areas with exposure to cattle, horses and sheep. This neoplasm is characterized by the presence ofsingle or multiple nodules with different sizes observed mainly in the limbs, face, digits, and abdominal, ventral and cervical regions. Feline fibropapilloma has several similarities with the equine sarcoid and is associated to infection with bovine papillomavirus type I. The main source of transmission ofthe disease is the contact with sick horses and cattle, what justify the higher prevalence in animals of the countryside. Presence of metastasis is rare in both cat and horse, although local recurrence is common. The frequency and occurrence of this tumor are unknown due to its self-limiting characteristic, the large number of differential diagnoses and the fact that it affects cats from rural areas, whichconsequently have less access to veterinary evaluation. This study aimed to describe a case of felinefibropapillomatosis (feline sarcoid) treated in the veterinary hospital of Pontifícia Universidade Católicado Paraná. (AU)

Fibropapiloma cutâneo (sarcóide) felino: relato de caso / Feline cutaneous fibropapillom a (sarcoid): case report

O fibropapiloma cutâneo é uma rara neoplasia benigna, que acomete principalmente gatos jovens, residentesde áreas rurais com exposição a bovinos, equinos e ovinos. Esta neoplasia caracteriza-se por nódulos,únicos ou múltiplos, de tamanho variável observados principalmente em membros, face, dígitos e região abdomino-ventral e cervical. O fibropapiloma felino possui varias similaridades com o sarcóideequino, sendo associado, como este, a infecção pelo papilomavirus bovino tipo I. O contato com bovinose equinos doentes, seria a principal fonte de transmissão da doença, justificando sua maior prevalênciaem animais de zona rural. Como em eqüinos, metástases são raras, embora a recorrência local seja comum.A freqüência e a ocorrência desta neoplasia é indeterminada devido ao seu caráter auto-limitante,ao grande número de diagnósticos diferencias e por acometer gatos de zona rural, os quais possuem menosacesso a avaliação veterinária. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever um caso clínico de fibropapilomafelino (sarcóide felino) de um animal atendido no hospital veterinário da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná.

Cutaneous fibropapilloma is a rare benign skin tumor that mainly affects young cats that live nearbyrural areas with exposure to cattle, horses and sheep. This neoplasm is characterized by the presence ofsingle or multiple nodules with different sizes observed mainly in the limbs, face, digits, and abdominal, ventral and cervical regions. Feline fibropapilloma has several similarities with the equine sarcoid and is associated to infection with bovine papillomavirus type I. The main source of transmission ofthe disease is the contact with sick horses and cattle, what justify the higher prevalence in animals of the countryside. Presence of metastasis is rare in both cat and horse, although local recurrence is common. The frequency and occurrence of this tumor are unknown due to its self-limiting characteristic, the large number of differential diagnoses and the fact that it affects cats from rural areas, whichconsequently have less access to veterinary evaluation. This study aimed to describe a case of felinefibropapillomatosis (feline sarcoid) treated in the veterinary hospital of Pontifícia Universidade Católicado Paraná.