Measuring water retention in undisturbed samples of stony soils

Stony soils have been increasingly used for agriculture production; however, little is known about their hydraulic properties due to problems, such as sample deformation and hydraulic continuity between samples and suction devices when the sampling and measurements are accomplished with traditional techniques. In this study, the traditional ring sampling technique was replaced by the sampling of undisturbed soil blocks coated with paraffin wax to preserve their structure. A saturated paste of fine-grained mineral particles was used to ensure contact and hydraulic continuity between samples and suction devices (sand table and ceramic plates). This allowed us to determine 30 water retention curves for three stony soils with coarse particle contents (> 2 mm) ranging from zero to 69 %. The van Genuchten model was fitted to the measured retention data and the root mean square errors were between 0.0034 and 0.0331 m3 m­3, with no outliers or odd behavior in the retention curves. These results showed that consistent water retention curves for stony soils can be determined with the technique proposed. Fine-grained minerals sandwiched between the surface of suctions sources and sampled blocks improve hydraulic continuity between them. These techniques can be applied to determine water retention properties in structured soil samples with coarse particles where it is unfeasible to collect structured soil samples with metal sampling rings.(AU)

Ultrastructural analysis of the antennae of Hemilucilia segmentaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a blowfly of forensic importance

Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius, 1805) is a Neotropical blowfly species of forensic importance, with necrophagous and asynanthropic habits. In this study, the antennal ultrastructure of H. segmentaria was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The three antennal segments are covered by microtrichia. Sensilla chaetica were detected only on the scape and pedicel. Setiferous plaques and a pedicellar button were observed on the pedicel. Four types of sensilla were found on the postpedicel, including s. trichoidea, s. basiconica (subtype I, II and III), s. coeloconica subtype I, and sensory pits with s. coeloconica subtype II. This is the first time that the fine structure of the antennae of H. segmentaria was studied. Our results constitute a solid base for research on comparative and functional morphology in H. segmentaria and other blowflies.(AU)

Impact of filament denier on functional performance of microfiber in situ bags

In situbags made from microfiber fabrics have a greater surface area and filtration efficiency that retains the fine particles and reduce the variation in the results. Also, it is more durable than that made from traditional fabrics. This work aimed to study the effect of filament denier on the performance of in situbags. Two polyester microfilaments with 0.4 and 0.7 deniers were used in manufacturing of four fabrics. Physical and mechanical properties of manufactured fabrics were measured before and after incubation to show the efficiency ofthe manufactured samples. In vitro trail was conducted to estimate ruminal degradability after 24 and 48 hours for three feedstuffs using three cannulated rams as replicates. The mechanical properties of manufactured in situbags were significantly affected with both denier per filament and weft densities. According to the statistical analysis of radar chart, sample 2 remarked the highest value which achieved the acceptable ruminal dry matter disappearance compared with Ankom bags in different incubation times.(AU)

Impact of filament denier on functional performance of microfiber in situ bags

In situbags made from microfiber fabrics have a greater surface area and filtration efficiency that retains the fine particles and reduce the variation in the results. Also, it is more durable than that made from traditional fabrics. This work aimed to study the effect of filament denier on the performance of in situbags. Two polyester microfilaments with 0.4 and 0.7 deniers were used in manufacturing of four fabrics. Physical and mechanical properties of manufactured fabrics were measured before and after incubation to show the efficiency ofthe manufactured samples. In vitro trail was conducted to estimate ruminal degradability after 24 and 48 hours for three feedstuffs using three cannulated rams as replicates. The mechanical properties of manufactured in situbags were significantly affected with both denier per filament and weft densities. According to the statistical analysis of radar chart, sample 2 remarked the highest value which achieved the acceptable ruminal dry matter disappearance compared with Ankom bags in different incubation times.

Análise macroscópica e microscópica de chás comercializados em Fortaleza ­ CE / Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of tea commercialized in Fortaleza ­ CE

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar análise macroscópica e microscópica de duas marcas de chás artesanais comercializadas nos supermercados da cidade de Fortaleza/CE. Foram avaliadas amostras, de marcas diferentes denominadas de amostra "A" amostra "B" de chás contendo oito ervas diferente. As metodologias que foram empregadas na avaliação da qualidade das amostras do estudo foram: pesquisa macroscópica de material estranho e pesquisa microscópica de contaminantes biológicos. A determinação de material estranho foi realizada através das inspeções das amostras. Portanto, as amostras com 20g serão triadas sob uma superfície plana e os materiais estranhos serão visualizados com o auxílio de uma lupa (Vuemax-Pro), em objetiva de maior aumento. A contaminação biológica foi avaliada através do método de sedimentação espontânea, onde aproximadamente 10 g de cada amostra foi homogeneizadas e submetida a uma tamisação em peneiras de malha fina. O estudo evidenciou presença de insetos inteiro, fragmentos de insetos, assim como as larvas, helmintos, cistos de protozoário, pelos de roedores dentre outros contaminantes que são considerados contaminantes físicos e biológicos, na medida em que podem veicular agentes infecciosos para os alimentos, causando agravos à saúde humana.(AU)

The objective of this research was to carry out a macroscopic and microscopic analysis of two brands of artisanal teas sold in supermarkets in the city of Fortaleza / CE. Samples of different brands called "A" sample "B" sample of teas containing eight different herbs were evaluated. The methodologies that were used in the evaluation of the quality of the samples of the study were macroscopic research of foreign material and microscopic research of biological contaminants. The determination of foreign material was carried out through the inspections of the samples. Therefore, samples with 20g will be screened under a flat surface and foreign materials will be visualized with the aid of a magnifying glass (Vuemax-Pro), in a higher magnification objective. Biological contamination was evaluated using the spontaneous sedimentation method, where approximately 10 g of each sample was homogenized and subjected to a sieve in fine mesh sieves. The study showed the presence of whole insects, fragments of insects, as well as larvae, helminths, protozoan cysts, rodent hair and other contaminants that are considered physical and biological contaminants, as they can transmit infectious agents to food, causing harm to human health.(AU)

Physico-mechanical properties of the wood of freijó, Cordia goeldiana (Boraginacea), produced in a multi-stratified agroforestry system in the southwestern Amazon / Propriedades físico-mecânicas da madeira de freijó, Cordia goeldiana (Boraginacea), produzida em sistema agroflorestal multiestratificado no sudoeste da Amazônia

Agroforestry systems (AFSs) integrate, through sustainable practices, agricultural and forest crops for the production of wood and food, providing environmental services, and conserving biodiversity. The freijó (Cordia goeldiana) has potential for cultivation in the Amazon for timber purposes, but data on the characteristics of its wood produced in AFSs are scarce. Our objective was to determine the physical-mechanical properties and suggest technological applications of freijó wood produced in a multi-stratified AFS established in the state of Rondônia, Brazil in 1996. Agricultural and forest species were established in the AFS in double rows with 5.0-m x 2.5-m spacing. Three 19-year-old freijó trees were harvested for chemical, physical (density and dimensional stability), and mechanical (compression, static bending, Janka hardness, and shear strength) characterization of the wood. The wood presented a chemical composition similar to tropical hardwoods, was moderately heavy (582.63 kg m-3), and had high dimensional stability in comparison with other consecrated woods on the market (longitudinal, radial, and tangential retraction = 0.25, 4.27, and 6.83%, respectively). The values determined for parallel (32.32 MPa) and perpendicular compression (8.02 MPa), specific strength (55.32 MPa kg-1 m-3), parallel (2373.33 N) and perpendicular Janka hardness (2326.67 N), strength to static bending (63.5 MPa), and shear (5.94 MPa) were similar to the values ​​observed in other high-density tropical woods grown in either monoculture plantations or natural forests. The wood under study is suitable for manufacture of high-value-added products, such as fine furniture, residential floors, musical instruments and structural pieces.(AU)

Os sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) integram, com práticas sustentáveis, culturas agrícolas e florestais para produção de madeira e alimentos, conservando os serviços ambientais e a biodiversidade. O freijó, Cordia goeldiana, tem potencial para cultivo na Amazônia para fins madeireiros, porém dados sobre as características de sua madeira em SAFs são escassas. Objetivou-se determinar as propriedades físico-mecânicas e aplicações tecnológicas da madeira de freijó produzida em um SAF multiestratificado estabelecido no estado de Rondônia, Brasil em 1996. No SAF, as espécies agrícolas e madeireiras foram estabelecidas em renques duplos no espaçamento 5,0 m x 2,5 m. Abateram-se três árvores de freijó com 19 anos de idade, para caracterização química, física (densidade e estabilidade dimensional) e mecânica (compressão, flexão estática, dureza Janka e cisalhamento) da madeira. A madeira de freijó apresentou composição química similar à de madeiras nobres tropicais, peso moderado (582,63 kg m-3) e estabilidade dimensional elevada em comparação com outras madeiras consagradas no mercado (retração longitudinal, radial e tangencial = 0,25, 4,27 e 6,83%, respectivamente). Os valores de resistência à compressão paralela (32,32 MPa) e perpendicular (8.02 MPa), resistência específica (55,32 MPa kg-1 m-3), dureza Janka paralela (2373,33 N) e perpendicular (2326,67 N), resistência à flexão estática (63,5 MPa) e ao cisalhamento (5,94 MPa) foram semelhantes aos valores observados em outras madeiras tropicais de alta densidade, produzidas em monocultivo e florestas naturais. A madeira em estudo é adequada para fabricação de produtos de alto valor agregado, como móveis finos, pisos residenciais, instrumentos musicais e peças estruturais.(AU)

Quality of forage seeds sold in the state of Mato Grosso / Qualidade de sementes forrageiras comercializadas no estado de Mato Grosso

The acquisitionof high-quality seeds is essential to successfully implant areas with forage. However, to be commercialized, they must meet the minimum quality standards established by law. Inspections are necessary to guarantee the quality and identity of the commercialized seed. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the quality of tropical forage seed species collected in 2018, in the state of Mato Grosso. The survey was based on data from officers’ samples, in commercial establishments and fine consumers, collected during inspections conducted by the Agricultural Defense Institute of the State of Mato Grosso -INDEA-MT and subsequently analyzed by the Guilherme de Abreu Lima Seed Analysis Laboratory (LASGAL). Purity analysis, determination of other seeds by number (DOSN), germination test and tetrazolium test were carried out. The study showed that 75% of the analyzed samples reached the minimum requirements for commercialization in terms of physical purity; 95% of the samples were within the standard for physiological quality determined by law; and 91.9% did not exceed the maximum limits regarding the number of undesirable seeds present in a sample. In general, 36.1% of the total samples analyzed did not conform in some way to quality standards, therefore were not appropriate for commercialization.

A aquisição de sementes de alta qualidade é primordial para o sucesso da implantação de áreas com forrageiras. Contudo, para serem comercializadas, estas devem atender aos padrões mínimos de qualidade previsto em Lei. Sendo a fiscalização necessária para garantir a qualidade e identidade das sementes comercializadas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade das sementes de espécies forrageiras tropicais coletadas no ano de 2018, no estado de Mato Grosso. O levantamento foi baseado emdados oriundos de amostras oficiais, coletadas em estabelecimentos comerciais e consumidores finais, pela fiscalização do Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do estado de Mato Grosso –INDEA-MT e posteriormente analisadas pelo Laboratório de Análise de Sementes Guilherme de Abreu Lima (LASGAL). Foram realizadas análises de pureza, determinação de outras sementes por número (DOSN), teste de germinação e teste de tetrazólio. O estudo demonstrou que 75% das amostras analisadas atingiram o mínimo estabelecido para comercialização quanto a pureza física; 95% das amostras estavam dentro do padrão para qualidade fisiológica exigidos pela lei; e 91,9% não ultrapassaram os limites máximos do número de sementes indesejáveis presentes em uma amostra. No geral 36,1% do total de amostras analisadas possuía alguma inconformidade no padrão de qualidade, sendo reprovadas para comercialização.

Quality of forage seeds sold in the state of Mato Grosso / Qualidade de sementes forrageiras comercializadas no estado de Mato Grosso

The acquisitionof high-quality seeds is essential to successfully implant areas with forage. However, to be commercialized, they must meet the minimum quality standards established by law. Inspections are necessary to guarantee the quality and identity of the commercialized seed. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the quality of tropical forage seed species collected in 2018, in the state of Mato Grosso. The survey was based on data from officers samples, in commercial establishments and fine consumers, collected during inspections conducted by the Agricultural Defense Institute of the State of Mato Grosso -INDEA-MT and subsequently analyzed by the Guilherme de Abreu Lima Seed Analysis Laboratory (LASGAL). Purity analysis, determination of other seeds by number (DOSN), germination test and tetrazolium test were carried out. The study showed that 75% of the analyzed samples reached the minimum requirements for commercialization in terms of physical purity; 95% of the samples were within the standard for physiological quality determined by law; and 91.9% did not exceed the maximum limits regarding the number of undesirable seeds present in a sample. In general, 36.1% of the total samples analyzed did not conform in some way to quality standards, therefore were not appropriate for commercialization.9AU)

A aquisição de sementes de alta qualidade é primordial para o sucesso da implantação de áreas com forrageiras. Contudo, para serem comercializadas, estas devem atender aos padrões mínimos de qualidade previsto em Lei. Sendo a fiscalização necessária para garantir a qualidade e identidade das sementes comercializadas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade das sementes de espécies forrageiras tropicais coletadas no ano de 2018, no estado de Mato Grosso. O levantamento foi baseado emdados oriundos de amostras oficiais, coletadas em estabelecimentos comerciais e consumidores finais, pela fiscalização do Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do estado de Mato Grosso –INDEA-MT e posteriormente analisadas pelo Laboratório de Análise de Sementes Guilherme de Abreu Lima (LASGAL). Foram realizadas análises de pureza, determinação de outras sementes por número (DOSN), teste de germinação e teste de tetrazólio. O estudo demonstrou que 75% das amostras analisadas atingiram o mínimo estabelecido para comercialização quanto a pureza física; 95% das amostras estavam dentro do padrão para qualidade fisiológica exigidos pela lei; e 91,9% não ultrapassaram os limites máximos do número de sementes indesejáveis presentes em uma amostra. No geral 36,1% do total de amostras analisadas possuía alguma inconformidade no padrão de qualidade, sendo reprovadas para comercialização.(AU)

Investigating the performance of polyester microfibers in situ bags using different weft yarn count and density

Microfiber fabrics are more efficiency in retaining fine-particles that increase the variation in in situ degradability. The aim of this was to examine the performance of in situ bags made from different microfiber fabric for meeting the required specification and their ruminal degradability compared with standard Ankom in situ bags. Four fabrics were manufactured using polyester microfiber with 1.04 denier, weft yarn counts (150 and 300), weft density (22 and 28 picks / inch), plain 1/1 textile structure. Physical and mechanical properties of manufactured fabrics were measured before and after incubation. Ruminal degradability was measured for three feedstuffs (soybean meal, wheat bran and berseem hay) using three rumen-fistulated rams as a replicates after 24 and 48 hours. Fabric's pore size was significantly decreased as either yarn weft count or density increased. Yarn weft count had a significant effect on all fabric's properties. Air permeability was significantly decreased as fabric's weft yarn count increased. Sample (1) meet the specific requirements for in situ bags and showed the nearest degradability values to those observed using Ankom bags for all feedstuffs in most incubation times. Microfiberin situ bags could be used in in situ ruminal degradation trials to reduce the variation in results due to the present of the fine particles.(AU)

Investigating the performance of polyester microfibers in situ bags using different weft yarn count and density

Microfiber fabrics are more efficiency in retaining fine-particles that increase the variation in in situ degradability. The aim of this was to examine the performance of in situ bags made from different microfiber fabric for meeting the required specification and their ruminal degradability compared with standard Ankom in situ bags. Four fabrics were manufactured using polyester microfiber with 1.04 denier, weft yarn counts (150 and 300), weft density (22 and 28 picks / inch), plain 1/1 textile structure. Physical and mechanical properties of manufactured fabrics were measured before and after incubation. Ruminal degradability was measured for three feedstuffs (soybean meal, wheat bran and berseem hay) using three rumen-fistulated rams as a replicates after 24 and 48 hours. Fabric's pore size was significantly decreased as either yarn weft count or density increased. Yarn weft count had a significant effect on all fabric's properties. Air permeability was significantly decreased as fabric's weft yarn count increased. Sample (1) meet the specific requirements for in situ bags and showed the nearest degradability values to those observed using Ankom bags for all feedstuffs in most incubation times. Microfiberin situ bags could be used in in situ ruminal degradation trials to reduce the variation in results due to the present of the fine particles.

Optimal Available Phosphorus Levels in Diets Containing Different Dicalcium Phosphate Particle Sizes for Japanese Quails

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects available phosphorus levels and dicalcium phosphate particle size on the live performance, and egg parameters and bone parameters of Japanese quails in lay. The experimental diets were based on corn and soybean meal and formulated to contain 2900 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)kg-1, 200 g kg-1 crude protein (CP) and 30.5 g kg-1 calcium (Ca). Feeds were supplied ad libitum. Laying Japanese quails (n=720, 20-wk-old)were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, with five levels of available phosphorus (avP; 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 g kg-1) and two dicalcium phosphate particle sizes (fine orcoarse), totaling ten treatments with eight replicates of nine birds each. Egg laying rate, feed intake per bird per day, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio per egg mass and per dozen eggs, eggshell, yolk and albumen relative and absolute weights, as well as bone ash, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium contents were evaluated. Based on the results, avP recommendations for 20- to 32-wk-old laying Japanese quails varies according with phosphate source particle size and the dietary avP levels of 4.40 g kg-1 and 3.85 g kg-1avP levels when using fine and coarse particle dicalcium phosphate, respectively, yielded the best results.(AU)

Optimal Available Phosphorus Levels in Diets Containing Different Dicalcium Phosphate Particle Sizes for Japanese Quails

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects available phosphorus levels and dicalcium phosphate particle size on the live performance, and egg parameters and bone parameters of Japanese quails in lay. The experimental diets were based on corn and soybean meal and formulated to contain 2900 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)kg-1, 200 g kg-1 crude protein (CP) and 30.5 g kg-1 calcium (Ca). Feeds were supplied ad libitum. Laying Japanese quails (n=720, 20-wk-old)were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, with five levels of available phosphorus (avP; 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 g kg-1) and two dicalcium phosphate particle sizes (fine orcoarse), totaling ten treatments with eight replicates of nine birds each. Egg laying rate, feed intake per bird per day, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio per egg mass and per dozen eggs, eggshell, yolk and albumen relative and absolute weights, as well as bone ash, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium contents were evaluated. Based on the results, avP recommendations for 20- to 32-wk-old laying Japanese quails varies according with phosphate source particle size and the dietary avP levels of 4.40 g kg-1 and 3.85 g kg-1avP levels when using fine and coarse particle dicalcium phosphate, respectively, yielded the best results.

Can the Fine Wheat Bran be a Betaine Source in Poultry Diets?

The effect of fine wheat bran (FWB) as a methyl donor source on performance, metabolism, body composition and blood traits of growing broilers was studied. Three hundred and twenty broilers from eight to 28 d of age, distributed in a randomized block design, with five treatments and eight replicates of eight animals each were used. The experimental diets were: NC, formulated with 72% of the Met+Cys requirement; Met, formulated with 85% of the Met+Cys equivalents by DL-methionine addition; Bet, formulated with 85% of the Met+Cys equivalents by anhydrous betaine addition; Fwb-, formulated with 72% of the Met+Cys requirement and 20% FWB; and Fwb+, formulated with 85% of the Met+Cys requirement and 20% FWB. Feed intake was reduced (p 0.05) by FWB inclusion but the feed conversion ratio was the same (p>0.05) between the positive control diets. Supplementation of DL-methionine and anhydrous betaine showed the same (p>0.05) metabolizability of nutrients. Treatments with higher DL-methionine levels (Met and Fwb+) promoted more weight of feathers (p 0.05). Animals fed with FWB showed the lowest (p 0.05) body gains. In conclusion, FWB inclusion did not promote methyl radicals supply.(AU)

Can the Fine Wheat Bran be a Betaine Source in Poultry Diets?

The effect of fine wheat bran (FWB) as a methyl donor source on performance, metabolism, body composition and blood traits of growing broilers was studied. Three hundred and twenty broilers from eight to 28 d of age, distributed in a randomized block design, with five treatments and eight replicates of eight animals each were used. The experimental diets were: NC, formulated with 72% of the Met+Cys requirement; Met, formulated with 85% of the Met+Cys equivalents by DL-methionine addition; Bet, formulated with 85% of the Met+Cys equivalents by anhydrous betaine addition; Fwb-, formulated with 72% of the Met+Cys requirement and 20% FWB; and Fwb+, formulated with 85% of the Met+Cys requirement and 20% FWB. Feed intake was reduced (p 0.05) by FWB inclusion but the feed conversion ratio was the same (p>0.05) between the positive control diets. Supplementation of DL-methionine and anhydrous betaine showed the same (p>0.05) metabolizability of nutrients. Treatments with higher DL-methionine levels (Met and Fwb+) promoted more weight of feathers (p 0.05). Animals fed with FWB showed the lowest (p 0.05) body gains. In conclusion, FWB inclusion did not promote methyl radicals supply.

Potential impact of small hydroelectric power plants on river biota: a case study on macroinvertebrates associated to basaltic knickzones / Potencial impacto de pequenas centrais hidreléticas sobre a biota aquática: um estudo de caso sobre macroinvertebrados associados a pedrais basálticos

Small hydroelectric power plants (SHP) have been considered as an alternative for the generation of electricity with reduced environmental impacts. Nevertheless, no studies have addressed changes in a particular kind of river macrohabitat commonly affected by SHPs, the knickzones. This study aimed to assess the impact of a SHP construction on the aquatic macroinvertebrate fauna associated with two basaltic knickzones located in Sapucaí-Mirim River, Southeast Brazil. The first, considered as a functional knickzone, follows the natural dynamics of the river flow and preserves the original rock substrate. The second, considered as non-functional knickzone, was permanently flooded after the SHP construction and the consolidated rock substrate was changed by fine sediment. Sampling was carried out in two seasonal periods and the data were analysed through multivariate analysis. It was observed differences in composition and structure of the macroinvertebrates community between the knickzones and periods. The functional knickzone exhibited a much higher richness, 72 taxa compared to 44 in the non-functional, as well as a large number of exclusive taxa (38, being only nine exclusive to the non-functional). Diversity, equitability and density mean values were also higher in the functional knickzone. The limnological parameters varied significantly between dry and rainy seasons but not between the distinct knickzones. This kind of macrohabitats and its potential role for the rivers biodiversity is practically unknown. In the scenery of fast SHP expansion, further studies and protection measures are necessary.(AU)

Atualmente, a instalação de pequenas centrais hidrelétricas (PCHs) tem sido a alternativa mais visada quando a questão é suprir a demanda energética, considerando-se os menores impactos ambientais possíveis. Contudo, são escassos os trabalhos que avaliam as alterações causadas por esses empreendimentos, principalmente no que se diz respeito a um tipo de macro-habitat de rios, os pedrais. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da construção de uma PCH na fauna de macroinvertebrados aquáticos associada a dois pedrais basálticos, localizados no rio Sapucaí-Mirim, no Sudeste do Brasil. O primeiro, considerado como um pedral funcional, segue a dinâmica natural do fluxo do rio e possui o substrato rochoso original. O segundo, considerado como pedral não funcional, foi permanentemente inundado após a construção da PCH e o substrato consolidado foi alterado por sedimentos finos. A amostragem foi realizada em dois períodos sazonais e os dados foram analisados através de análise multivariada. Foram observadas diferenças na composição e estrutura da comunidade de macroinvertebrados entre os pedrais e períodos. O pedral funcional apresentou uma riqueza muito maior, 72 táxons em comparação com 44 no não funcional, bem como um grande número de táxons exclusivos (38, sendo apenas nove exclusivos do não-funcional). Os valores médios da diversidade, equitabilidade e densidade também foram maiores no pedral funcional. Os parâmetros limnológicos variaram significativamente entre as estações seca e chuvosa, mas não entre os diferentes pedrais. Este tipo de macro-habitat e seu potencial papel para a biodiversidade dos rios são praticamente desconhecidos. Assim, mais estudos e medidas de proteção são necessários, principalmente diante do atual cenário de rápida expansão das PCHs.(AU)

Morphological study of the gastrointestinal tract of the snow trout, Schizothorax esocinus (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes)

The present study aimed to investigate the macroscopic structure of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of Schizothorax esocinus Heckel, 1838. The surface architecture of the buccopharynx, oesophagus and the entire intestinal tract of S. esocinus has been examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) after fixing in 2.5% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate at pH 7.3 for 18-48 hours and post-fixation for two hours at room temperature in 1% osmium tetra oxide buffered at pH 7.3 with 0.1 M cacodylate. The mucosal surface of buccopharynx, esophagus, intestinal bulb, and intestine reveal prominent longitudinal major or primary mucosal folds which are further subdivided into the series of irregular and well-circumscribed folds called minor or secondary folds. However, in the intestinal bulb and intestine, the longitudinal major or primary folds themselves form wavy or zigzagging patterns along the mucosal surface. The fine structure of the surface epithelium further shows that the apical surfaces of the epithelial cells are ped with finger-print like microridges, arranged in various patterns and regularly spaced. The rectal mucosa, on the other hand, displays a highly irregular type of major mucosal folds. The separation can’t be seen between major mucosal folds. A thin film of mucous spread over the mucosal folds and the numerous pores through which mucous cells release their content has also been noted along the rectal mucosa. This investigation suggests the possible role of different digestive organs in relation to feeding, digestion, storage, absorption, and various other physiological processes, thereby providing a knowledge necessary to the understanding of pathological or physiological alterations in both aquaculture and natural environment.

Utilização de plasma rico em plaquetas no tratamento de ferida cutânea em cão: relato de caso / Use of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of cutaneous wound in dogs: a case report / Utilización de plasma rico en plaquetas en el tratamiento de herida cutánea en perro: relato de caso

O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) consiste em um concentrado suprafisiológico de plaquetas extraído a partir do sangue autógeno do paciente e centrifugado adequadamente. O presente relato descreve a utilização do PRP no tratamento de ferida cutânea, após exérese de massa com evolução de 4 meses em um cão fêmea, da raça Beagle, de 7 anos de idade. Citologia aspirativa por agulha fina (CAAF) foi realizada na massa e diagnóstico sugestivo de neoplasia de anexo cutâneo de baixo grau foi identificado. O tratamento instituído consistiu na excisão da massa e aplicações tópicas e intradérmicas do produto obtido nos bordos da ferida. A lesão apresentou diminuição da resposta inflamatória, cicatrização limpa, bordos uniformes, e ausência de exsudato purulento, tecido de granulação exagerado e complicações sob o caráter neoplásico da etiologia da ferida, cicatrizando completamente após 17 dias.(AU)

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) consists of a supra-physiologic platelet concentrate extracted from the patient's autogenous blood, after being properly centrifuged. This report describes the use of PRP in the treatment of cutaneous wound, after excision of mass with 4-month evolution in a 7-year-old beagle bitch. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed in the mass and suggestive diagnosis of cutaneous adnexal neoplasm was identified. The treatment consisted of mass excision, added by topical and intradermal applications of the studied product in the wound edges. The wound presented decreased inflammatory response, clean healing, uniform edges, and absence of purulent exudate, exaggerated granulation tissue or complications under the neoplastic character of the wound, healing completely after 17 days.(AU)

El plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) consiste en un concentrado supra fisiológico de plaquetas extraído a partir de la sangre autógena del paciente y centrifugado adecuadamente. El presente relato describe la utilización del PRP en el tratamiento de herida cutánea, tras exéresis de masa con evolución de 4 meses en una perra, de la raza Beagle, de 7 años de edad. Citología aspirativa por aguja fina (CAAF), se realizó en la masa y el diagnóstico sugestivo de neoplasia de anexo cutáneo de bajo grado fue identificado. El tratamiento instituido consistió en la escisión de la masa y aplicaciones tópicas e intradérmicas en los bordes de la herida con el producto obtenido. La lesión presentó reducción de la respuesta inflamatoria, cicatrización limpia, bordes uniformes, ausencia de exudado purulento, tejido de granulación exagerado y complicaciones bajo el carácter neoplásico de la etiología de la herida, cicatrizando completamente después de 17 días.(AU)

Morphological study of the gastrointestinal tract of the snow trout, Schizothorax esocinus (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes)

The present study aimed to investigate the macroscopic structure of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of Schizothorax esocinus Heckel, 1838. The surface architecture of the buccopharynx, oesophagus and the entire intestinal tract of S. esocinus has been examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) after fixing in 2.5% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate at pH 7.3 for 18-48 hours and post-fixation for two hours at room temperature in 1% osmium tetra oxide buffered at pH 7.3 with 0.1 M cacodylate. The mucosal surface of buccopharynx, esophagus, intestinal bulb, and intestine reveal prominent longitudinal major or primary mucosal folds which are further subdivided into the series of irregular and well-circumscribed folds called minor or secondary folds. However, in the intestinal bulb and intestine, the longitudinal major or primary folds themselves form wavy or zigzagging patterns along the mucosal surface. The fine structure of the surface epithelium further shows that the apical surfaces of the epithelial cells are ped with finger-print like microridges, arranged in various patterns and regularly spaced. The rectal mucosa, on the other hand, displays a highly irregular type of major mucosal folds. The separation cant be seen between major mucosal folds. A thin film of mucous spread over the mucosal folds and the numerous pores through which mucous cells release their content has also been noted along the rectal mucosa. This investigation suggests the possible role of different digestive organs in relation to feeding, digestion, storage, absorption, and various other physiological processes, thereby providing a knowledge necessary to the understanding of pathological or physiological alterations in both aquaculture and natural environment.(AU)

Utilização de plasma rico em plaquetas no tratamento de ferida cutânea em cão: relato de caso / Use of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of cutaneous wound in dogs: a case report / Utilización de plasma rico en plaquetas en el tratamiento de herida cutánea en perro: relato de caso

O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) consiste em um concentrado suprafisiológico de plaquetas extraído a partir do sangue autógeno do paciente e centrifugado adequadamente. O presente relato descreve a utilização do PRP no tratamento de ferida cutânea, após exérese de massa com evolução de 4 meses em um cão fêmea, da raça Beagle, de 7 anos de idade. Citologia aspirativa por agulha fina (CAAF) foi realizada na massa e diagnóstico sugestivo de neoplasia de anexo cutâneo de baixo grau foi identificado. O tratamento instituído consistiu na excisão da massa e aplicações tópicas e intradérmicas do produto obtido nos bordos da ferida. A lesão apresentou diminuição da resposta inflamatória, cicatrização limpa, bordos uniformes, e ausência de exsudato purulento, tecido de granulação exagerado e complicações sob o caráter neoplásico da etiologia da ferida, cicatrizando completamente após 17 dias.(AU)

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) consists of a supra-physiologic platelet concentrate extracted from the patient's autogenous blood, after being properly centrifuged. This report describes the use of PRP in the treatment of cutaneous wound, after excision of mass with 4-month evolution in a 7-year-old beagle bitch. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed in the mass and suggestive diagnosis of cutaneous adnexal neoplasm was identified. The treatment consisted of mass excision, added by topical and intradermal applications of the studied product in the wound edges. The wound presented decreased inflammatory response, clean healing, uniform edges, and absence of purulent exudate, exaggerated granulation tissue or complications under the neoplastic character of the wound, healing completely after 17 days.(AU)

El plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) consiste en un concentrado supra fisiológico de plaquetas extraído a partir de la sangre autógena del paciente y centrifugado adecuadamente. El presente relato describe la utilización del PRP en el tratamiento de herida cutánea, tras exéresis de masa con evolución de 4 meses en una perra, de la raza Beagle, de 7 años de edad. Citología aspirativa por aguja fina (CAAF), se realizó en la masa y el diagnóstico sugestivo de neoplasia de anexo cutáneo de bajo grado fue identificado. El tratamiento instituido consistió en la escisión de la masa y aplicaciones tópicas e intradérmicas en los bordes de la herida con el producto obtenido. La lesión presentó reducción de la respuesta inflamatoria, cicatrización limpia, bordes uniformes, ausencia de exudado purulento, tejido de granulación exagerado y complicaciones bajo el carácter neoplásico de la etiología de la herida, cicatrizando completamente después de 17 días.(AU)

Pulmonary carcinoma metastasis in a feline digit

Background: Primary pulmonary neoplasia is rare in domestic cats, with fewer than 1% of all tumors diagnosed in thisspecies. Primary lung tumors have a high percentage of metastases, observed in up to 75% of cases in cats. The lung-digitsyndrome is characterized by primary pulmonary neoplasms with metastases to the extremities of the limbs, mainly distalphalanges, possibly involving several digits and more than one limb. This report describes a case of pulmonary carcinomametastasis in a cat digit.Case: A 16-year-old neutered female cat was showing increased volume of the fourth digit was examined at the Universityof Caxias do Sul veterinary clinic. The animal also showed signs of progressive weight loss, apathy and limping on theright thoracic limb. After clinical evaluation, the animal was sent for radiographic examination of the right metacarpal/phalangeal region and the thorax. A radiopaque structure was observed with discreet central regions of radiolucency,measuring approximately 3 cm in height, 3.4 cm in length and 2.4 cm in depth in the left caudal lung, suggesting neoplasiaor pulmonary abscess. Digit image revealed osteolysis of the right and middle distal phalanx measuring 2 cm in height, 3cm in breadth and 1 cm in length. In view of these radiographic changes, we performed fine needle aspiration cytology ofthe digit and a nodule in the region of the skeletal musculature of the right thoracic limb. Cytological evaluation revealedcells had cilia on their surface (compatible with respiratory epithelium). The cytologic findings of the fine-needle biopsywere suggestive of carcinoma. After stabilization, the digit was amputated. The material was sent to the laboratory of theFederal University of Pelotas for histopathological examination...