Resumo
Background: Piscinoodinium pillulare is a mandatory mastigophore protozoan with no parasitic specificity, and an important ectoparasite of tropical and temperate psiculture. This parasite is responsible for serious health problems in Brazilian native fish. Another important pathogenic protozoan in psciculture belongs to the genus Trichodina spp., which is commonly found on the surface of fish, gills, fins, and integument. The aim of the present study was to describe an outbreak of P. pillulare and Trichodina spp. in three species of fish intensively created, emphasizing the anatomopathological and epidemiological aspects.Cases: Five animals were necropsied, among them three tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), one pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus) and one tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from an intensive psciculture in the Federal District. Out of 1500 fishes, 18 (1.2%) became ill and died. It was reported that the animals showed decreased feed intake, discomfort, dyspnea, opercular movements, red skin lesions and consequent death. In the direct examination of scraping of the body surface of a fish, prepared between lamina and coverslip, a ciliated ectoparasite, with a circular bell shape, measuring approximately 20-180 μm, adhered, with morphology consistent with Trichodina spp. was evidenced. During necropsy, fragments of different organs were collected and fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histology, embedded in paraffin, cut to five microns thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).Macroscopically, there were pale scaly areas in the medial-lateral regions, moderate increase amount of mucus with brown to green lumps on the body surface, partial loss of the fins, swollen gills with whitish mucus and multifocal hemorrhagic areas on the skin and between the scales.[...]
Assuntos
Animais , Characidae/parasitologia , Ciclídeos/parasitologia , Dinoflagellida/patogenicidade , Infecções por Protozoários/epidemiologia , Oligoimenóforos/patogenicidadeResumo
Background: Piscinoodinium pillulare is a mandatory mastigophore protozoan with no parasitic specificity, and an important ectoparasite of tropical and temperate psiculture. This parasite is responsible for serious health problems in Brazilian native fish. Another important pathogenic protozoan in psciculture belongs to the genus Trichodina spp., which is commonly found on the surface of fish, gills, fins, and integument. The aim of the present study was to describe an outbreak of P. pillulare and Trichodina spp. in three species of fish intensively created, emphasizing the anatomopathological and epidemiological aspects.Cases: Five animals were necropsied, among them three tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), one pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus) and one tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from an intensive psciculture in the Federal District. Out of 1500 fishes, 18 (1.2%) became ill and died. It was reported that the animals showed decreased feed intake, discomfort, dyspnea, opercular movements, red skin lesions and consequent death. In the direct examination of scraping of the body surface of a fish, prepared between lamina and coverslip, a ciliated ectoparasite, with a circular bell shape, measuring approximately 20-180 μm, adhered, with morphology consistent with Trichodina spp. was evidenced. During necropsy, fragments of different organs were collected and fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histology, embedded in paraffin, cut to five microns thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).Macroscopically, there were pale scaly areas in the medial-lateral regions, moderate increase amount of mucus with brown to green lumps on the body surface, partial loss of the fins, swollen gills with whitish mucus and multifocal hemorrhagic areas on the skin and between the scales.[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Characidae/parasitologia , Ciclídeos/parasitologia , Oligoimenóforos/patogenicidade , Dinoflagellida/patogenicidade , Infecções por Protozoários/epidemiologiaResumo
The author presents results concerning the Spacial distribuition of the natural regeneration f Copaifera multijuga Hayne in Ducke forest Reserve, All the statistical parameters were calculated and the expected relative frequencies according to the Poisson equation shows that the distribution pattern of the regeneration for all the 12 mother trees studied ts "in group". The natural regeneration in a not disturbed area is variable according to the greater or ninor seed production, the competition among plantules of this species and the competition between the ptantules of) C. multijugawith others Species, besides the probable predation by animals and the Struggle to survive at low levels of radiaton. Tht plantules frequency distribution sugests thi shape (, a J inverted. Thz difference in the. variance of the plantules height is significant at 5%. The plantules height varied from 10cm until 50cm, being the height mean for the 12 mother trees of 20,66cm and 15,54cm at the first and second inventory, respectively. The number of the natural regeneration is, high after a good heed production, and seems to be silvicutturety interesting their utilization for planting purposes, since the adaptability of the plantules to the nusery conditions be studied.
Mostra-se a distribuição espacial de. plântulas de Copaifera multijuga, Hayne de 12árvores matrizes. 0 potencial de regeneração em área não perturbada é variável em decorrência da maior ou menor produção de sementes pelas matrizes, da competição entre plântulas da espécie e destas com plântulas deoutras espécies, além da provável predaçãopor animais e da luta para sobreviver a baixos níveis de radiação solar. a distribuição das freqüências das plântulus sugere uma forma de J invertido. Nos dois inventários feitos, a altura das plântulas variou de 10cm até um máximo de 50cm, sendo a altura média para as 12 matrizes de. 20,66cm e 15,54cm no1° e 2° inventários, respectivavente. a diferença na variância das alturas das plântulas é significativa, na faixa de5%. As freqüências relativas esperadas, segundo a equação de Poisson, mostrou que a distribuição da regeneração de todas as matrizes é do tipo agregado. 0 número de plântulas /árvore matriz pode ser silviculturalmente útil para fins de plantios, desde quesejam feitos estudos de adaptabilidade das plântulas às condições deviveiro.
Resumo
The author presents results concerning the Spacial distribuition of the natural regeneration f Copaifera multijuga Hayne in Ducke forest Reserve, All the statistical parameters were calculated and the expected relative frequencies according to the Poisson equation shows that the distribution pattern of the regeneration for all the 12 mother trees studied ts "in group". The natural regeneration in a not disturbed area is variable according to the greater or ninor seed production, the competition among plantules of this species and the competition between the ptantules of) C. multijugawith others Species, besides the probable predation by animals and the Struggle to survive at low levels of radiaton. Tht plantules frequency distribution sugests thi shape (, a J inverted. Thz difference in the. variance of the plantules height is significant at 5%. The plantules height varied from 10cm until 50cm, being the height mean for the 12 mother trees of 20,66cm and 15,54cm at the first and second inventory, respectively. The number of the natural regeneration is, high after a good heed production, and seems to be silvicutturety interesting their utilization for planting purposes, since the adaptability of the plantules to the nusery conditions be studied.
Mostra-se a distribuição espacial de. plântulas de Copaifera multijuga, Hayne de 12árvores matrizes. 0 potencial de regeneração em área não perturbada é variável em decorrência da maior ou menor produção de sementes pelas matrizes, da competição entre plântulas da espécie e destas com plântulas deoutras espécies, além da provável predaçãopor animais e da luta para sobreviver a baixos níveis de radiação solar. a distribuição das freqüências das plântulus sugere uma forma de J invertido. Nos dois inventários feitos, a altura das plântulas variou de 10cm até um máximo de 50cm, sendo a altura média para as 12 matrizes de. 20,66cm e 15,54cm no1° e 2° inventários, respectivavente. a diferença na variância das alturas das plântulas é significativa, na faixa de5%. As freqüências relativas esperadas, segundo a equação de Poisson, mostrou que a distribuição da regeneração de todas as matrizes é do tipo agregado. 0 número de plântulas /árvore matriz pode ser silviculturalmente útil para fins de plantios, desde quesejam feitos estudos de adaptabilidade das plântulas às condições deviveiro.