The influence of the coastal current on the estimation of relative abundance indices in small-scale shrimp fishery / A influência da corrente costeira na estimativa de índices de abundância relativa na pesca de camarões de pequena escala

The aim of this scientific note was to evaluate the influence of the coastal current on the estimation of relative abundance indices for small-scale marine shrimp trawling to indicate the best relative abundance index to be used for stock assessment and conservation. Georeferenced experimental trawls were carried out with standardized equipment and capture time on the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. Drags followed convergent and divergent orientations in relation to the flow of the local coastal current. The results showed that the direction of the coastal current flow directly influences the distances and drag shifts, generating variations in the sampling effort and, consequently, bias when using Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) as a relative abundance index. Conversely, the adoption of Catch per Unit of Swept Area (CPUA) as an index of relative abundance for shrimp trawling becomes more suitable since the variations in the distances of trawl shifts are perceptible through this index.

O objetivo desta nota foi avaliar a influência da corrente costeira na estimativa de índices de abundância relativa para a pesca de arrasto de camarão marinho em pequena escala, a fim de indicar o melhor índice de abundância relativa a ser usado para avaliação e conservação de estoque. Pescarias de arrasto experimentais e georreferenciadas foram realizadas com equipamentos e tempos de captura padronizados no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil. Os arrastos seguiram orientações convergentes e divergentes ao fluxo da corrente litorânea local. Os resultados mostraram que a direção do fluxo da corrente costeira influencia diretamente na distância e no deslocamento de arrasto, gerando variações no esforço amostral e, consequentemente, viés ao utilizar Captura por Unidade de Esforço (CPUE) como índice de abundância relativa. Por outro lado, a adoção da Captura por Unidade de Área (CPUA) como um índice de abundância relativa para o arrasto de camarão torna-se mais adequada, uma vez que as variações nas distâncias de deslocamento dos arrastos são perceptíveis por este índice.

The influence of the coastal current on the estimation of relative abundance indices in small-scale shrimp fishery / A influência da corrente costeira na estimativa de índices de abundância relativa na pesca de camarões de pequena escala

The aim of this scientific note was to evaluate the influence of the coastal current on the estimation of relative abundance indices for small-scale marine shrimp trawling to indicate the best relative abundance index to be used for stock assessment and conservation. Georeferenced experimental trawls were carried out with standardized equipment and capture time on the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. Drags followed convergent and divergent orientations in relation to the flow of the local coastal current. The results showed that the direction of the coastal current flow directly influences the distances and drag shifts, generating variations in the sampling effort and, consequently, bias when using Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) as a relative abundance index. Conversely, the adoption of Catch per Unit of Swept Area (CPUA) as an index of relative abundance for shrimp trawling becomes more suitable since the variations in the distances of trawl shifts are perceptible through this index.(AU)

O objetivo desta nota foi avaliar a influência da corrente costeira na estimativa de índices de abundância relativa para a pesca de arrasto de camarão marinho em pequena escala, a fim de indicar o melhor índice de abundância relativa a ser usado para avaliação e conservação de estoque. Pescarias de arrasto experimentais e georreferenciadas foram realizadas com equipamentos e tempos de captura padronizados no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil. Os arrastos seguiram orientações convergentes e divergentes ao fluxo da corrente litorânea local. Os resultados mostraram que a direção do fluxo da corrente costeira influencia diretamente na distância e no deslocamento de arrasto, gerando variações no esforço amostral e, consequentemente, viés ao utilizar Captura por Unidade de Esforço (CPUE) como índice de abundância relativa. Por outro lado, a adoção da Captura por Unidade de Área (CPUA) como um índice de abundância relativa para o arrasto de camarão torna-se mais adequada, uma vez que as variações nas distâncias de deslocamento dos arrastos são perceptíveis por este índice.(AU)

Macrocrustaceans associated with reefs of Phragmatopoma caudata Krøyer in Mörch, 1863 (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) and rocky shore in the Northeastern Brazil

Abstract Ecosystem engineering species create, modify, and/or maintain the characteristics of the environment. The polychaete Phragmatopoma caudata builds large sand reefs in the intertidal region of the Brazilian coast with high structural complexity, favoring the increase of diversity and interactions among the species associated. However, there are no studies concerning the association of polychaetes with crustacean macrofauna in the northeastern Brazil ecoregion, leaving an information gap on baseline biodiversity. Our aim was to analyze the effect of P. caudata colonies (PC) on the local diversity of macrocrustaceans compared to the rocky shore (RS) microhabitat. Monthly collections were carried out in low tide from September 2015 to August 2016 on 10 × 10 m quadrants for fauna and environmental variables (temperature and salinity) samples. In each microhabitat, the capture effort was two hours by two researchers. We collected 3,390 individuals, 60% associated with the colonies of PC and 40% with the RS. The PC obtained higher Shannon diversity, Pielou evenness and species richness coupled with milder water temperature and salinity conditions (minor air exposure during tide), compared to the RS that obtained greater species dominance and more extreme abiotic conditions (major air exposure). The Porcellanidae family stood out because all its species were highly abundant and had high occurrence in the colonies. The tropical Brazil porcelain crab Pachycheles greeleyi was dominant in both microhabitats (major dominance in PC). The structural complexity in the reefs of PC promoted higher availability of niches for the species, as more shelter for the resident species and refugium for temporary species with preference for more complex microhabitats. Conservation managers should prioritize the health of these colonies and subsequent species that constitute important ecosystemic and fishery resources.

Macrocrustaceans associated with reefs of Phragmatopoma caudata Krøyer in Mörch, 1863 (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) and rocky shore in the Northeastern Brazil

Abstract Ecosystem engineering species create, modify, and/or maintain the characteristics of the environment. The polychaete Phragmatopoma caudata builds large sand reefs in the intertidal region of the Brazilian coast with high structural complexity, favoring the increase of diversity and interactions among the species associated. However, there are no studies concerning the association of polychaetes with crustacean macrofauna in the northeastern Brazil ecoregion, leaving an information gap on baseline biodiversity. Our aim was to analyze the effect of P. caudata colonies (PC) on the local diversity of macrocrustaceans compared to the rocky shore (RS) microhabitat. Monthly collections were carried out in low tide from September 2015 to August 2016 on 10 × 10 m quadrants for fauna and environmental variables (temperature and salinity) samples. In each microhabitat, the capture effort was two hours by two researchers. We collected 3,390 individuals, 60% associated with the colonies of PC and 40% with the RS. The PC obtained higher Shannon diversity, Pielou evenness and species richness coupled with milder water temperature and salinity conditions (minor air exposure during tide), compared to the RS that obtained greater species dominance and more extreme abiotic conditions (major air exposure). The Porcellanidae family stood out because all its species were highly abundant and had high occurrence in the colonies. The tropical Brazil porcelain crab Pachycheles greeleyi was dominant in both microhabitats (major dominance in PC). The structural complexity in the reefs of PC promoted higher availability of niches for the species, as more shelter for the resident species and refugium for temporary species with preference for more complex microhabitats. Conservation managers should prioritize the health of these colonies and subsequent species that constitute important ecosystemic and fishery resources.

Economic-fishing analysis of the prawn cryphiops Caementarius (Molina, 1782) in the Majes-Camaná river Arequipa-Perú (2019) / Análise econômico-pesqueira do camarão Cryphiops caementarius (Molina, 1782) no rio Majes-Camaná Arequipa-Perú (2019)

The prawn (Cryphiops caementarius) is the only resource in the Peruvian coastal rivers that supports a commercial fishery. Bioeconomic-fishing aspects are reported based on data (fishing, costs and income derived from fishing) acquired in situ monthly in four altitudinal strata (every 200 meters above sea level - masl) of the Majes-Camaná river during 2019. The catch per unit of effort (CPUE) was expressed in kg h-¹, monthly income was estimated based on the average catch values, number of tasks and price of the resource. To evaluate the profitability of the activity of an average fisherman (by stratum), a cash flow based on income and expenses was executed under situations with a constant future, using economic profitability indicators such as the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit-Cost ratio (B/C) and Discounted Payback Period (DPB). There was a predominance of the diving method, the catches (kg) and the fishing yield increased throughout the fishing period (April-December) with a maximum value of 4.8 kg h-¹ (December - high strata). Investment costs per fisherman were low, roughly 1,000 soles. The sale price increases with altitude, decreasing over the course of the year depending on the availability of the resource; the monthly income per fisherman varied from 964 soles (April - low stratum) to 6,760 soles (December - high stratum). The economic simulation model showed that the income exceeded the costs of the fishing activity from the first year of activity in all the altitudinal strata, the economic profitability indicators showed high profitability for the activity.

O camarão (Cryphiops caementarius) é o único recurso hidrobiológico dos rios da costa sul do Peru que sustenta uma importante pesca comercial. Os aspectos econômico-pesqueiros foram reportados a partir de dados (pesca, custos e receitas provenientes da pesca) adquiridos mensalmente in situ em quatro estratos altitudinais (a cada 200 m acima do nível do mar - mamsl) do rio Majes-Camaná - Arequipa durante 2019. A captura por unidade de esforço (CPUE) foi expressa em kg h-¹; a renda mensal foi estimada a partir dos valores médios de captura, número de operações e preço do recurso. Para avaliar a rentabilidade da atividade de um pescador médio (por estrato), foi executado um fluxo de caixa com base nas receitas e despesas em cenários futuros constantes, utilizando indicadores de rentabilidade econômica, como o valor presente líquido (VPL), taxa interna de retorno (TIR), relação custo-benefício (B/C) e período de reembolso descontado (PCR). Foi registado o predomínio do método de mergulho; as capturas (kg) e o rendimento pesqueiro aumentaram ao longo do período de pesca (abril-dezembro) com um valor máximo de 4,8 kg h-¹ (dezembro - estratos altos). Os custos de investimento por pescador foram baixos, aproximadamente 1.000 Novos sóis. O preço de venda aumentou com a altitude, reduzindo ao longo do ano dependendo da disponibilidade do recurso; a renda mensal por pescador variou de 964 Novos sóis (abril - estrato baixo) a 6.760 Novos sóis (dezembro - estrato alto). O modelo de simulação econômica mostrou que a receita superou os custos da atividade pesqueira desde o primeiro ano de atividade em todos os estratos altitudinais; os indicadores de rentabilidade econômica mostraram alta rentabilidade para a atividade.

Economic-fishing analysis of the prawn cryphiops Caementarius (Molina, 1782) in the Majes-Camaná river Arequipa-Perú (2019) / Análise econômico-pesqueira do camarão Cryphiops caementarius (Molina, 1782) no rio Majes-Camaná Arequipa-Perú (2019)

The prawn (Cryphiops caementarius) is the only resource in the Peruvian coastal rivers that supports a commercial fishery. Bioeconomic-fishing aspects are reported based on data (fishing, costs and income derived from fishing) acquired in situ monthly in four altitudinal strata (every 200 meters above sea level - masl) of the Majes-Camaná river during 2019. The catch per unit of effort (CPUE) was expressed in kg h-¹, monthly income was estimated based on the average catch values, number of tasks and price of the resource. To evaluate the profitability of the activity of an average fisherman (by stratum), a cash flow based on income and expenses was executed under situations with a constant future, using economic profitability indicators such as the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit-Cost ratio (B/C) and Discounted Payback Period (DPB). There was a predominance of the diving method, the catches (kg) and the fishing yield increased throughout the fishing period (April-December) with a maximum value of 4.8 kg h-¹ (December - high strata). Investment costs per fisherman were low, roughly 1,000 soles. The sale price increases with altitude, decreasing over the course of the year depending on the availability of the resource; the monthly income per fisherman varied from 964 soles (April - low stratum) to 6,760 soles (December - high stratum). The economic simulation model showed that the income exceeded the costs of the fishing activity from the first year of activity in all the altitudinal strata, the economic profitability indicators showed high profitability for the activity.(AU)

O camarão (Cryphiops caementarius) é o único recurso hidrobiológico dos rios da costa sul do Peru que sustenta uma importante pesca comercial. Os aspectos econômico-pesqueiros foram reportados a partir de dados (pesca, custos e receitas provenientes da pesca) adquiridos mensalmente in situ em quatro estratos altitudinais (a cada 200 m acima do nível do mar - mamsl) do rio Majes-Camaná - Arequipa durante 2019. A captura por unidade de esforço (CPUE) foi expressa em kg h-¹; a renda mensal foi estimada a partir dos valores médios de captura, número de operações e preço do recurso. Para avaliar a rentabilidade da atividade de um pescador médio (por estrato), foi executado um fluxo de caixa com base nas receitas e despesas em cenários futuros constantes, utilizando indicadores de rentabilidade econômica, como o valor presente líquido (VPL), taxa interna de retorno (TIR), relação custo-benefício (B/C) e período de reembolso descontado (PCR). Foi registado o predomínio do método de mergulho; as capturas (kg) e o rendimento pesqueiro aumentaram ao longo do período de pesca (abril-dezembro) com um valor máximo de 4,8 kg h-¹ (dezembro - estratos altos). Os custos de investimento por pescador foram baixos, aproximadamente 1.000 Novos sóis. O preço de venda aumentou com a altitude, reduzindo ao longo do ano dependendo da disponibilidade do recurso; a renda mensal por pescador variou de 964 Novos sóis (abril - estrato baixo) a 6.760 Novos sóis (dezembro - estrato alto). O modelo de simulação econômica mostrou que a receita superou os custos da atividade pesqueira desde o primeiro ano de atividade em todos os estratos altitudinais; os indicadores de rentabilidade econômica mostraram alta rentabilidade para a atividade.(AU)

Danger beyond the catches: a review of conservation threats posed by commercial and non-commercial fisheries in Guaratuba Bay, southern Brazil / Perigo além das capturas: uma revisão das ameaças à conservação pelas pescas comercial e recreativa na Baía de Guaratuba, sul do Brasi

Comparisons between the implications of commercial and recreational fisheries for estuarine conservation have been a topic of debate. A review on the available data from Guaratuba Bay, Southern Brazil, identifies six threats for conservation, other than those concerning the fishing effort on target resources. Differing from the popular view that fishing for pleasure could be innocuous for the environment, the identified threats concern both commercial and non-commercial fisheries: (1) catching of reproductive individuals; (2) catch of big old fat fecund females; (3) loss and abandonment of fishing gears; (4) use of natural baits; (5) bycatch of rays, turtles and non-target finfish; and (6) bad practices associated with catch-and-release or discarding. Environmental disturbances and fauna depletion are detected as potential impacts. Recommended actions for estuary conservation include fishing closures in mangrove and shallow waters areas, release of fish larger than the critical size, and measures against abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gears.(AU)

As implicações das pescas comercial e recreativa para conservação dos estuários têm sido largamente discutidas. Uma revisão das informações disponíveis para a Baía de Guaratuba, sul do Brasil, identifica seis ameaças à conservação, que extrapolam aquelas concernentes ao esforço de captura sobre as espécies-alvo. Contrariando a visão comum de que a pesca de lazer seria inócua para o ambiente, as ameaças identificadas referem-se tanto à pesca comercial como à não-comercial: (1) captura de indivíduos em atividade reprodutiva; (2) captura de fêmeas grandes e mais fecundas; (3) perda e abandono de materiais de pesca; (4) uso de iscas naturais; (5) captura incidental de raias, tartarugas e peixes não-alvo; e (6) práticas inadequadas associadas a pesque-e-solte e descarte. Impactos potenciais são perturbações ambientais e depleção de fauna. Ações recomendadas para conservação do estuário incluem interdição de pesca no manguezal e áreas rasas, soltura de peixes com tamanho superior ao crítico, e medidas contra abandono, perda e outras formas de descarte de materiais de pesca.(AU)

Macrocrustaceans associated with reefs of Phragmatopoma caudata Krøyer in Mörch, 1863 (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) and rocky shore in the Northeastern Brazil

Ecosystem engineering species create, modify, and/or maintain the characteristics of the environment. The polychaete Phragmatopoma caudata builds large sand reefs in the intertidal region of the Brazilian coast with high structural complexity, favoring the increase of diversity and interactions among the species associated. However, there are no studies concerning the association of polychaetes with crustacean macrofauna in the northeastern Brazil ecoregion, leaving an information gap on baseline biodiversity. Our aim was to analyze the effect of P. caudata colonies (PC) on the local diversity of macrocrustaceans compared to the rocky shore (RS) microhabitat. Monthly collections were carried out in low tide from September 2015 to August 2016 on 10 × 10 m quadrants for fauna and environmental variables (temperature and salinity) samples. In each microhabitat, the capture effort was two hours by two researchers. We collected 3,390 individuals, 60% associated with the colonies of PC and 40% with the RS. The PC obtained higher Shannon diversity, Pielou evenness and species richness coupled with milder water temperature and salinity conditions (minor air exposure during tide), compared to the RS that obtained greater species dominance and more extreme abiotic conditions (major air exposure). The Porcellanidae family stood out because all its species were highly abundant and had high occurrence in the colonies. The tropical Brazil porcelain crab Pachycheles greeleyi was dominant in both microhabitats (major dominance in PC). The structural complexity in the reefs of PC promoted higher availability of niches for the species, as more shelter for the resident species and refugium for temporary species with preference for more complex microhabitats. Conservation managers should prioritize the health of these colonies and subsequent species that constitute important ecosystemic and fishery resources.(AU)

Danger beyond the catches: a review of conservation threats posed by commercial and non-commercial fisheries in Guaratuba Bay, southern Brazil / Perigo além das capturas: uma revisão das ameaças à conservação pelas pescas comercial e recreativa na Baía de Guaratuba, sul do Brasil

Comparisons between the implications of commercial and recreational fisheries for estuarine conservation have been a topic of debate. A review on the available data from Guaratuba Bay, Southern Brazil, identifies six threats for conservation, other than those concerning the fishing effort on target resources. Differing from the popular view that fishing for pleasure could be innocuous for the environment, the identified threats concern both commercial and non-commercial fisheries: (1) catching of reproductive individuals; (2) catch of big old fat fecund females; (3) loss and abandonment of fishing gears; (4) use of natural baits; (5) bycatch of rays, turtles and non-target finfish; and (6) bad practices associated with catch-and-release or discarding. Environmental disturbances and fauna depletion are detected as potential impacts. Recommended actions for estuary conservation include fishing closures in mangrove and shallow waters areas, release of fish larger than the critical size, and measures against abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gears.

As implicações das pescas comercial e recreativa para conservação dos estuários têm sido largamente discutidas. Uma revisão das informações disponíveis para a Baía de Guaratuba, sul do Brasil, identifica seis ameaças à conservação, que extrapolam aquelas concernentes ao esforço de captura sobre as espécies-alvo. Contrariando a visão comum de que a pesca de lazer seria inócua para o ambiente, as ameaças identificadas referem-se tanto à pesca comercial como à não-comercial: (1) captura de indivíduos em atividade reprodutiva; (2) captura de fêmeas grandes e mais fecundas; (3) perda e abandono de materiais de pesca; (4) uso de iscas naturais; (5) captura incidental de raias, tartarugas e peixes não-alvo; e (6) práticas inadequadas associadas a pesque-e-solte e descarte. Impactos potenciais são perturbações ambientais e depleção de fauna. Ações recomendadas para conservação do estuário incluem interdição de pesca no manguezal e áreas rasas, soltura de peixes com tamanho superior ao crítico, e medidas contra abandono, perda e outras formas de descarte de materiais de pesca.

Billfish catches from oceanic recreational fishing in the Royal Charlotte Bank, Bahia, Brazil / Captura de agulhões pela pesca recreativa oceânica no Banco Royal Charlotte, Bahia, Brasil

The aim of this study was to analyze the oceanic recreational fishing in the Royal Charlotte Bank, state of Bahia, Brazil. Only data from an oceanic recreational fishing operator based in the municipality of Canavieiras, southern Bahia, were used, from 2012 to 2017. Overall, 103 fish specimens were caught and released, during this period, belonging to the following species: Makaira nigricans, Kajikia albida, and Istiophorus platypterus. Fishery operations occurred from October to March, with the highest catch in number in December (56.3%). The largest annual catch was recorded in 2013, with 39 individuals. The catch per unit effort ranged from 1.0 to 1.4 fishes per trip, with the highest value in December. Even though data presented here are partial, they can help to establish a strategic scenario for the fishing sector in Bahia, along with data from other fishing sectors (artisanal, industrial, subsistence and scientific).

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a pesca esportiva oceânica no Banco Royal Charlotte, no estado da Bahia. Foram utilizados apenas os dados de uma operadora de pesca esportiva oceânica sediada no município de Canavieiras, no sul da Bahia, para o período de 2012 a 2017. Ao todo, 103 exemplares de peixes foram capturados e devolvidos ao mar durante este período, pertencendo às seguintes espécies: Makaira nigricans, Kajikia albida e Istiophorus platypterus. As operações de pesca ocorreram de outubro a março, com a maior captura em número em dezembro (56,3%). A maior captura foi registrada em 2013, com 39 indivíduos. A captura por unidade de esforço variou de 1,0 a 1,4 peixes por saída, com o maior valor observado em dezembro. Os dados aqui apresentados, embora parciais, podem ajudar a criar um cenário estratégico para o setor, juntamente com dados de outros setores da pesca (artesanal, industrial, de subsistência e científica).

Billfish catches from oceanic recreational fishing in the Royal Charlotte Bank, Bahia, Brazil / Captura de agulhões pela pesca recreativa oceânica no Banco Royal Charlotte, Bahia, Brasil

The aim of this study was to analyze the oceanic recreational fishing in the Royal Charlotte Bank, state of Bahia, Brazil. Only data from an oceanic recreational fishing operator based in the municipality of Canavieiras, southern Bahia, were used, from 2012 to 2017. Overall, 103 fish specimens were caught and released, during this period, belonging to the following species: Makaira nigricans, Kajikia albida, and Istiophorus platypterus. Fishery operations occurred from October to March, with the highest catch in number in December (56.3%). The largest annual catch was recorded in 2013, with 39 individuals. The catch per unit effort ranged from 1.0 to 1.4 fishes per trip, with the highest value in December. Even though data presented here are partial, they can help to establish a strategic scenario for the fishing sector in Bahia, along with data from other fishing sectors (artisanal, industrial, subsistence and scientific).(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a pesca esportiva oceânica no Banco Royal Charlotte, no estado da Bahia. Foram utilizados apenas os dados de uma operadora de pesca esportiva oceânica sediada no município de Canavieiras, no sul da Bahia, para o período de 2012 a 2017. Ao todo, 103 exemplares de peixes foram capturados e devolvidos ao mar durante este período, pertencendo às seguintes espécies: Makaira nigricans, Kajikia albida e Istiophorus platypterus. As operações de pesca ocorreram de outubro a março, com a maior captura em número em dezembro (56,3%). A maior captura foi registrada em 2013, com 39 indivíduos. A captura por unidade de esforço variou de 1,0 a 1,4 peixes por saída, com o maior valor observado em dezembro. Os dados aqui apresentados, embora parciais, podem ajudar a criar um cenário estratégico para o setor, juntamente com dados de outros setores da pesca (artesanal, industrial, de subsistência e científica).(AU)

Spatiotemporal variability of target-species in tuna and tuna-like fishing in Brazil / Variabilidade espaço temporal das espécies-alvos da pesca de atuns e afins no Brasil

Knowing the history of fishing-target catches and identifying them is essential for fish species conservation, mainly for the conservation of migratory species, whose stock assessment data are often provided by commercial fleets. Data on the catch, effort, and geographic distribution of fishing operations found in Banco Nacional de Dados da Pesca de Atuns e Afins - BNDA (National Database of Tuna and Tuna-like Species Fishing) were herein analyzed. The ratios between catches of different Tuna and tuna-like species were calculated and the identified patterns were used to classify what would be the target-species of the Brazilian fleet in different periods between 1978 and 2018. Based on the current results, there are three different exploration phases marking the Brazilian longline fleet. The first phase (1978-1981) was featured by the prevalence of Japanese vessels, which recorded the highest presence of swordfish on catching quantity within that period (with mean target-species indicator of Dka = 0.30). The second phase took place between 1982 and 2001, and it was marked by an increased indicator for tuna species, mainly of albacore (with mean of Dka = 0.17). Finally, the third phase (2002-2018) stood out for the leasing of several vessels, increasing the effort and the volume of swordfish (with mean of Dka = 0.04), and blue shark catches (with mean of...

O conhecimento sobre o histórico de capturas e a identificação de espécies alvo da pesca é essencial para a conservação destas espécies, principalmente as migratórias, cujos dados de avaliação dos estoques são comumente obtidos da frota comercial. Foram analisados os dados disponíveis sobre captura, esforço e localização geográfica dos lances de pesca, presentes no Banco Nacional de Dados da Pesca de Atuns e Afins (BNDA). Foram calculadas as razões entre as capturas das diferentes espécies de atuns e afins e os padrões identificados foram utilizados para classificar quais seriam as espécies-alvo da frota brasileira em diferentes períodos entre 1978 e 2018. Os resultados apontaram três momentos distintos de exploração da frota de espinhel brasileira. O primeiro (1978-1981), caracterizado pela hegemonia das embarcações japonesas, tendo o espadarte com maior participação na quantidade de peixes capturados durante este período (com indicador de direcionamento médio de Dka = 0,30). A segunda fase teve vigência entre 1982 e 2001, marcada por um aumento do indicador para as espécies de albacoras, principalmente a branca (média de Dka = 0,17). E por fim, a terceira fase (2002-2018), na qual ocorreu o arrendamento de várias embarcações, aumento no esforço e na captura de espadarte (média de Dka = 0,04) e tubarão azul (média de Dka = 0,19). Além disso...

Spatiotemporal variability of target-species in tuna and tuna-like fishing in Brazil / Variabilidade espaço temporal das espécies-alvos da pesca de atuns e afins no Brasil

Knowing the history of fishing-target catches and identifying them is essential for fish species conservation, mainly for the conservation of migratory species, whose stock assessment data are often provided by commercial fleets. Data on the catch, effort, and geographic distribution of fishing operations found in Banco Nacional de Dados da Pesca de Atuns e Afins - BNDA (National Database of Tuna and Tuna-like Species Fishing) were herein analyzed. The ratios between catches of different Tuna and tuna-like species were calculated and the identified patterns were used to classify what would be the target-species of the Brazilian fleet in different periods between 1978 and 2018. Based on the current results, there are three different exploration phases marking the Brazilian longline fleet. The first phase (1978-1981) was featured by the prevalence of Japanese vessels, which recorded the highest presence of swordfish on catching quantity within that period (with mean target-species indicator of Dka = 0.30). The second phase took place between 1982 and 2001, and it was marked by an increased indicator for tuna species, mainly of albacore (with mean of Dka = 0.17). Finally, the third phase (2002-2018) stood out for the leasing of several vessels, increasing the effort and the volume of swordfish (with mean of Dka = 0.04), and blue shark catches (with mean of...(AU)

O conhecimento sobre o histórico de capturas e a identificação de espécies alvo da pesca é essencial para a conservação destas espécies, principalmente as migratórias, cujos dados de avaliação dos estoques são comumente obtidos da frota comercial. Foram analisados os dados disponíveis sobre captura, esforço e localização geográfica dos lances de pesca, presentes no Banco Nacional de Dados da Pesca de Atuns e Afins (BNDA). Foram calculadas as razões entre as capturas das diferentes espécies de atuns e afins e os padrões identificados foram utilizados para classificar quais seriam as espécies-alvo da frota brasileira em diferentes períodos entre 1978 e 2018. Os resultados apontaram três momentos distintos de exploração da frota de espinhel brasileira. O primeiro (1978-1981), caracterizado pela hegemonia das embarcações japonesas, tendo o espadarte com maior participação na quantidade de peixes capturados durante este período (com indicador de direcionamento médio de Dka = 0,30). A segunda fase teve vigência entre 1982 e 2001, marcada por um aumento do indicador para as espécies de albacoras, principalmente a branca (média de Dka = 0,17). E por fim, a terceira fase (2002-2018), na qual ocorreu o arrendamento de várias embarcações, aumento no esforço e na captura de espadarte (média de Dka = 0,04) e tubarão azul (média de Dka = 0,19). Além disso...(AU)

Spatial and seasonal variation of peacock bass (Cichla spp. ) fishery: an analysis of catches landed in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil / Variação espacial e sazonal da pesca do tucunaré (Cichla spp. ): uma análise das capturas desembarcadas em Manaus, estado do Amazonas, Brasil

This study analysed the commercial fishing for peacock bass (Cichla spp.) and its variation according to the river regime and the fishing environments, based on landing data in Manaus. The landing data were provided by the Z-12 Fishermen's Association and the monthly quotas (m) of Rio Negro by the National Water Agency, corresponding to the years 2012 and 2013. The Catch per Unit of Effort (CPUE) was obtained by dividing the total catch and the number of boats. A Generalized Linear Model was used to analyse the relationship between CPUE and the river level. Through the Analysis of Variance we compared the averages of capture between the fishing areas and Fisher's LSD test revealed which environments had different capture averages. Student's t-test was used to compare the mean of capture between white and black water environments. The largest catches and CPUEs occurred during receding water, and the relationship between CPUE and river level was inverse. Black water environments obtained the highest CPUEs, as well as the highest capture averages. There were differences in the average catches between fishing areas, but not between water types. This study shows how peacock bass exploitation occurs and can assist in management measures for this species.

Este estudo analisou a pesca comercial do tucunaré (Cichla spp.) e sua variação de acordo com o regime do rio e os ambientes de pesca, com base em dados de desembarque em Manaus. Os dados de desembarque foram fornecidos pela Associação dos Pescadores Z-12 e as cotas mensais (m) do Rio Negro pela Agência Nacional de Águas, correspondentes aos anos de 2012 e 2013. A Captura por Unidade de Esforço (CPUE) foi obtida pela divisão da captura total e o número de barcos. Um modelo linear generalizado foi usado para analisar a relação entre a CPUE e o nível do rio. Por meio da Análise de Variância comparamos as médias de captura entre as áreas de pesca e o teste LSD de Fisher revelou quais ambientes apresentaram diferentes médias de captura. O teste t de Student foi usado para comparar a média de captura entre ambientes de água branca e preta. As maiores capturas e CPUEs ocorreram durante o recuo da água, e a relação entre a CPUE e o nível do rio foi inversa. Ambientes de águas negras obtiveram as maiores CPUEs, bem como as maiores médias de captura. Houve diferenças nas capturas médias entre as áreas de pesca, mas não entre os tipos de água. Este estudo mostra como ocorre a exploração do tucunaré e pode auxiliar nas medidas de manejo dessa espécie.

Spatial and seasonal variation of peacock bass (Cichla spp. ) fishery: an analysis of catches landed in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil / Variação espacial e sazonal da pesca do tucunaré (Cichla spp. ): uma análise das capturas desembarcadas em Manaus, estado do Amazonas, Brasil

This study analysed the commercial fishing for peacock bass (Cichla spp.) and its variation according to the river regime and the fishing environments, based on landing data in Manaus. The landing data were provided by the Z-12 Fishermen's Association and the monthly quotas (m) of Rio Negro by the National Water Agency, corresponding to the years 2012 and 2013. The Catch per Unit of Effort (CPUE) was obtained by dividing the total catch and the number of boats. A Generalized Linear Model was used to analyse the relationship between CPUE and the river level. Through the Analysis of Variance we compared the averages of capture between the fishing areas and Fisher's LSD test revealed which environments had different capture averages. Student's t-test was used to compare the mean of capture between white and black water environments. The largest catches and CPUEs occurred during receding water, and the relationship between CPUE and river level was inverse. Black water environments obtained the highest CPUEs, as well as the highest capture averages. There were differences in the average catches between fishing areas, but not between water types. This study shows how peacock bass exploitation occurs and can assist in management measures for this species.(AU)

Este estudo analisou a pesca comercial do tucunaré (Cichla spp.) e sua variação de acordo com o regime do rio e os ambientes de pesca, com base em dados de desembarque em Manaus. Os dados de desembarque foram fornecidos pela Associação dos Pescadores Z-12 e as cotas mensais (m) do Rio Negro pela Agência Nacional de Águas, correspondentes aos anos de 2012 e 2013. A Captura por Unidade de Esforço (CPUE) foi obtida pela divisão da captura total e o número de barcos. Um modelo linear generalizado foi usado para analisar a relação entre a CPUE e o nível do rio. Por meio da Análise de Variância comparamos as médias de captura entre as áreas de pesca e o teste LSD de Fisher revelou quais ambientes apresentaram diferentes médias de captura. O teste t de Student foi usado para comparar a média de captura entre ambientes de água branca e preta. As maiores capturas e CPUEs ocorreram durante o recuo da água, e a relação entre a CPUE e o nível do rio foi inversa. Ambientes de águas negras obtiveram as maiores CPUEs, bem como as maiores médias de captura. Houve diferenças nas capturas médias entre as áreas de pesca, mas não entre os tipos de água. Este estudo mostra como ocorre a exploração do tucunaré e pode auxiliar nas medidas de manejo dessa espécie.(AU)

Fishery parameters and population dynamics of silver croaker on the Xingu river, Brazilian Amazon / Parâmetros pesqueiros e dinâmica populacional da pescada branca no Rio Xingu, Pará, Brasil

The study analyzed the fishery parameters and population dynamics of the silver croaker, Plagioscion squamosissimus, and its exploitation status, before the damming of the Xingu River by the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam. Silver croaker was caught throughout the year, with a total production of 239 tons. Estimated Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) was 14.16 kg.fisher-1.day-1. The mean price paid to the fishers for a kilogram of silver croaker ranged from US$1.89 to US$3.28. Mean longevity estimated was 7.68 years. The total mortality (Z) was calculated at approximately 1.44 year-1, natural mortality (M) was 0.76 year-1, fishery mortality (F) was 0.68 year-1, and the current exploitation rate (E) was 0.47 year-1. The study highlights the importance of P. squamosissimus as a fishery resource in the Xingu region and provides important insights for the development of future fishery management strategies and conservation of the species stocks.

Este estudo analisa os parâmetros pesqueiros e dinâmica populacional da pescada branca, Plagioscion squamosissimus, e seu status de explotação, antes do barramento do rio Xingu pela hidrelétrica de Belo Monte. A pescada branca foi capturada durante todo o ano, com uma produção total de 239 toneladas. A captura por Unidade de Esforço (CPUE) foi de 14,16 kg.pescador-1.dia-1. O preço médio pago aos pescadores por um quilo de pescada branca variou entre R$ 4,16e R$ 7,21. A longevidade média estimada para a espécie foi de 7,68 anos. A mortalidade total (Z) foi calculada em aproximadamente 1,44 ano-1, a mortalidade natural (M) foi de 0,76 ano-1, a mortalidade da pesca (F) foi de 0,68 ano-1 e a taxa de exploração atual (E) foi de 0,47 ano-1. O estudo destaca a importância de P. squamosissimus como recurso pesqueiro na região do Xingu, e fornece informações importantes para o desenvolvimento de futuras estratégias de manejo pesqueiro e conservação dos estoques de espécies.

Fishery parameters and population dynamics of silver croaker on the Xingu river, Brazilian Amazon / Parâmetros pesqueiros e dinâmica populacional da pescada branca no Rio Xingu, Pará, Brasil

The study analyzed the fishery parameters and population dynamics of the silver croaker, Plagioscion squamosissimus, and its exploitation status, before the damming of the Xingu River by the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam. Silver croaker was caught throughout the year, with a total production of 239 tons. Estimated Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) was 14.16 kg.fisher-1.day-1. The mean price paid to the fishers for a kilogram of silver croaker ranged from US$1.89 to US$3.28. Mean longevity estimated was 7.68 years. The total mortality (Z) was calculated at approximately 1.44 year-1, natural mortality (M) was 0.76 year-1, fishery mortality (F) was 0.68 year-1, and the current exploitation rate (E) was 0.47 year-1. The study highlights the importance of P. squamosissimus as a fishery resource in the Xingu region and provides important insights for the development of future fishery management strategies and conservation of the species stocks.(AU)

Este estudo analisa os parâmetros pesqueiros e dinâmica populacional da pescada branca, Plagioscion squamosissimus, e seu status de explotação, antes do barramento do rio Xingu pela hidrelétrica de Belo Monte. A pescada branca foi capturada durante todo o ano, com uma produção total de 239 toneladas. A captura por Unidade de Esforço (CPUE) foi de 14,16 kg.pescador-1.dia-1. O preço médio pago aos pescadores por um quilo de pescada branca variou entre R$ 4,16e R$ 7,21. A longevidade média estimada para a espécie foi de 7,68 anos. A mortalidade total (Z) foi calculada em aproximadamente 1,44 ano-1, a mortalidade natural (M) foi de 0,76 ano-1, a mortalidade da pesca (F) foi de 0,68 ano-1 e a taxa de exploração atual (E) foi de 0,47 ano-1. O estudo destaca a importância de P. squamosissimus como recurso pesqueiro na região do Xingu, e fornece informações importantes para o desenvolvimento de futuras estratégias de manejo pesqueiro e conservação dos estoques de espécies.(AU)

Mollusk bycatch in trawl fisheries targeting the Atlantic seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri on the coast of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil

The malacofauna bycatch of sea-bob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) trawl fisheries on the coast of Sergipe was studied for 5 years. The malacofauna bycatch considered was obtained in nine oceanographic sampling campaigns carried out between May 1999 and June 2003 in 18 stations distributed in six transects along depths of 10, 20 and 30 m. A total of 2,669 individuals of mollusk belonging to 54 species were captured on the 18 sea-bob shrimp trawl stations carried out along the coast of Sergipe. The considerable richness of mollusks was composed by 19 families and 31 species of gastropods, 12 families and 19 species of bivalves and 2 families and 4 species of cephalopods. The highest abundance were observed at stations 13 (373 individuals) and 16 (685 individuals) that represents the lowest depth (10 m) and the richness was higher at stations 15 and 12 (17 and 11 species, respectively) both located at the highest depth (30 m). Cephalopods had high frequency of occurrence being collected in all the stations and by far the most abundant group with a total of 2,488 individuals captured. On the other hand, gastropods (with 142 individuals found in 83.3% of stations) and bivalves (about 1% of the individuals collected) contribute with a much smaller percentage of individuals captured. Lolliguncula brevis (Blainville, 1823) was most representative cephalopod in number and frequency of occurrence. Arcidae, Conidae, Muricidae and Strombidae were the families with the higher number of species in the trawl-fishery. Among bivalves, Pitar arestus (Dall & Simpson, 1901) and Spathochlamys benedicti (Verrill & Bush [in Verrill], 1897) were the species with higher frequency of occurrence. Although the considerable sample effort and a number of mollusks captured as bycath, the richness estimators indicated that the species richness could increase with additional sampling effort in the study area...

Mollusk bycatch in trawl fisheries targeting the Atlantic seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri on the coast of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil

The malacofauna bycatch of sea-bob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) trawl fisheries on the coast of Sergipe was studied for 5 years. The malacofauna bycatch considered was obtained in nine oceanographic sampling campaigns carried out between May 1999 and June 2003 in 18 stations distributed in six transects along depths of 10, 20 and 30 m. A total of 2,669 individuals of mollusk belonging to 54 species were captured on the 18 sea-bob shrimp trawl stations carried out along the coast of Sergipe. The considerable richness of mollusks was composed by 19 families and 31 species of gastropods, 12 families and 19 species of bivalves and 2 families and 4 species of cephalopods. The highest abundance were observed at stations 13 (373 individuals) and 16 (685 individuals) that represents the lowest depth (10 m) and the richness was higher at stations 15 and 12 (17 and 11 species, respectively) both located at the highest depth (30 m). Cephalopods had high frequency of occurrence being collected in all the stations and by far the most abundant group with a total of 2,488 individuals captured. On the other hand, gastropods (with 142 individuals found in 83.3% of stations) and bivalves (about 1% of the individuals collected) contribute with a much smaller percentage of individuals captured. Lolliguncula brevis (Blainville, 1823) was most representative cephalopod in number and frequency of occurrence. Arcidae, Conidae, Muricidae and Strombidae were the families with the higher number of species in the trawl-fishery. Among bivalves, Pitar arestus (Dall & Simpson, 1901) and Spathochlamys benedicti (Verrill & Bush [in Verrill], 1897) were the species with higher frequency of occurrence. Although the considerable sample effort and a number of mollusks captured as bycath, the richness estimators indicated that the species richness could increase with additional sampling effort in the study area...(AU)

Jatuarana fishing dynamics Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829)of the upper and middle Madeira River Basin / Dinâmica da pesca da Jatuarana Brycon amazonicus (Spix &Agassiz, 1829) do alto e médio rio Madeira

The jatuarana (Brycon amazonicus), is an important species for the Madeira River commercialfisheries. The paper aims to characterize the jatuarana fishing dynamics in the middle Madeira River andtest whether there are differences dowstreams and upstreams the Teotônio waterfall. Commercial fisherieslandings were monitored daily at 15 ports or riverine communities along that stretch, using semistructuredinterviews with fishermen. With data from the fishing monitoring program of UHEs SantoAntônio and Jirau we analysed: the yield, catch per unit effort (CPUE), length structure, locations andfishing gear used, between 2009 to 2011.The fishing yield of this species was temporaly analyzed with datafrom the Fishermen Colony of Porto Velho city (Rondônia state, Brazil), between 1990 to 2012. The yieldand the CPUE showed significant differences by area and locations and the capture of the species wascarried out primarily in the channel river and banks river through gillnets. In addition, the samplescollected in the upstream area have higher distribution and modal lengths than from those collecteddownstream. These results suggest that the areas require distinct management measures.(AU)

A jatuarana (Brycon amazonicus) é uma espécie importante para a pesca comercial do médio rioMadeira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a dinâmica da pesca da jatuarana na região e testardiferenças entre os trechos a jusante e montante da Cachoeira do Teotônio. Os desembarques pesqueirosforam monitorados diariamente em 15 portos e/ou comunidades ribeirinhas, usando entrevistassemiestruturadas com os pescadores. Com dados do Programa de Monitoramento Pesqueiro das UHEsSanto Antônio e Jirau foram analisados: a produção, a captura por unidade de esforço (CPUE), a estruturaem comprimento, os locais e os apetrechos de pesca utilizados entre 2009 e 2011. A produção da espécie foianalisada temporalmente com dados da Colônia de Pescadores de Porto Velho (Rondônia, Brasil) de 1990 a2012. A produção e a CPUE apresentaram diferenças significativas por área e localidades e a captura daespécie foi realizada, principalmente, na calha e nas margens do rio por meio de malhadeira. Verificou-setambém que os exemplares amostrados na área montante exibiram distribuição e comprimentos modaismaiores que na área jusante. Estes resultados sugerem a necessidade de estratégias de manejo distintas entreas áreas.(AU)