First report of nocardiosis due to Nocardia asteroides in a domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica) in Mexico

Nocardiosis is a multi-systemic disease that has been reported in several species of birds. It is characterized by the development of granulomatous inflammation in several organs, mainly affecting the respiratory system. An adult male domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica) weighing 14.5 g was received for examination. Multiple nodules were identified in the epicardium, air sacs, and lungs. Histologically these nodules corresponded to granulomas, in which numerous thin, filamentous branching bacteria were identified. Gram stains of the epicardium, air sacs, and lungs revealed many filamentous branching Gram-positive bacteria. These bacteria were also strongly acid-fast positive by Fite-Faraco stain. PCR end-point analysis and sequencing using total DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of lungs, heart, and air sacs confirmed the presence of Nocardia asteroides. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of nocardiosis associated with Nocardia asteroides in a Domestic Canary (Serinus canaria domestica) in Mexico.(AU)

Micobacteriose em camarão branco do pacífico, Litopenaeus vannamei / Mycobacteriosis white shrimp pacific Litopenaeus vannamei

A infecção por Mycobacterium spp. tem sido constatada em diversos vertebrados, ocasionando doenças em humanos e animais. As espécies responsáveis pela ocorrência de micobacteriose em peixes, a saber, Mycobacterium marinum, M. fortuitum e M. chelonae, também são potencialmente infecciosas para os camarões peneídeos. A micobacteriose que afeta crustáceos corresponde a uma enfermidade sistêmica, granulomatosa, possuindo como agente etiológico bacilos Gram positivos ácido-álcool resistentes. Relata-se neste trabalho a ocorrência de micobacteriose em camarões da espécie Litopenaeus vannamei, sendo identificada a bactéria M. marinum nas amostras teciduais analisadas. Durante a manutenção de juvenis da espécie foram observadas lesões enegrecidas no sexto segmento abdominal de 20 espécimes. A partir das técnicas de Fite-Faraco e Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) foi identificado o patógeno, representando uma doença bacteriana com potencial zootécnico que ocorre em ambientes aquáticos, acarretando riscos de contaminação tópica em pessoas envolvidas na manipulação de camarões.(AU)

The Mycobacterium spp. infection they have been documented in many vertebrates, causing known diseases in man and animals. The species responsible for the occurrence of mycobacteriosis in fish, Mycobacterium marinum, M. fortuitum and M. chelonae, are also potentially infectious for penaeid shrimp. The mycobacterial disease that affects shellfish corresponds to a systemic disease, granulomatous, having as an etiological agent Gram-positive bacilli resistant acid-alcohol. We report the occurrence of mycobacteriosis in shrimps of the species Litopenaeus vannamei, and identified the species M. marinum in tissue samples analyzed. During the maintenance of juvenile of the species, blackish lesions were observed in the sixth abdominal segment in 20 specimens. From techniques Fite-Faraco and hybridization in situ with fluorescence (FISH), has identified the pathogen in the analyzed tissue was observed, representing a bacterial disease of aquatic environments with zoonotic potential, causing risks of topical contamination on people involved in handling shrimp.(AU)

Micobacteriose em camarão branco do pacífico, Litopenaeus vannamei / Mycobacteriosis white shrimp pacific Litopenaeus vannamei

A infecção por Mycobacterium spp. tem sido constatada em diversos vertebrados, ocasionando doenças em humanos e animais. As espécies responsáveis pela ocorrência de micobacteriose em peixes, a saber, Mycobacterium marinum, M. fortuitum e M. chelonae, também são potencialmente infecciosas para os camarões peneídeos. A micobacteriose que afeta crustáceos corresponde a uma enfermidade sistêmica, granulomatosa, possuindo como agente etiológico bacilos Gram positivos ácido-álcool resistentes. Relata-se neste trabalho a ocorrência de micobacteriose em camarões da espécie Litopenaeus vannamei, sendo identificada a bactéria M. marinum nas amostras teciduais analisadas. Durante a manutenção de juvenis da espécie foram observadas lesões enegrecidas no sexto segmento abdominal de 20 espécimes. A partir das técnicas de Fite-Faraco e Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) foi identificado o patógeno, representando uma doença bacteriana com potencial zootécnico que ocorre em ambientes aquáticos, acarretando riscos de contaminação tópica em pessoas envolvidas na manipulação de camarões.

The Mycobacterium spp. infection they have been documented in many vertebrates, causing known diseases in man and animals. The species responsible for the occurrence of mycobacteriosis in fish, Mycobacterium marinum, M. fortuitum and M. chelonae, are also potentially infectious for penaeid shrimp. The mycobacterial disease that affects shellfish corresponds to a systemic disease, granulomatous, having as an etiological agent Gram-positive bacilli resistant acid-alcohol. We report the occurrence of mycobacteriosis in shrimps of the species Litopenaeus vannamei, and identified the species M. marinum in tissue samples analyzed. During the maintenance of juvenile of the species, blackish lesions were observed in the sixth abdominal segment in 20 specimens. From techniques Fite-Faraco and hybridization in situ with fluorescence (FISH), has identified the pathogen in the analyzed tissue was observed, representing a bacterial disease of aquatic environments with zoonotic potential, causing risks of topical contamination on people involved in handling shrimp.

Micobacteriose por Mycobacterium marinum em "linguado" Paralichthys orbignyanus e em "barber goby" Elacatinus figaro: diagnóstico histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico / Micobacteriosis by Mycobacterium marinum in Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus and barber goby Elacatinus figaro: histopathological and imunohistochemical diagnosis

As micobacterioses afetam várias espécies de peixes, tanto comerciais como ornamentais. É uma enfermidade sistêmica com formação de granulomas, conhecida como micobacteriose de peixes. O desenvolvimento da aquicultura tem aumentado o número de casos com essa enfermidade que muitas vezes é de difícil diagnóstico. Neste trabalho apresentamos dois casos de micobacterioses em Paralichthys orbignyanus e Elacatinus figaro provenientes do Laboratório de Piscicultura Estuarina e Marinha da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). As micobactérias de peixes possuem menos ácidos graxos que as de mamíferos, por isso foi utilizado o protocolo de coloração de Fite-Faraco, uma vez que o protocolo de coloração clássico de Ziehl Neelsen pode resultar em falsos negativos. Para determinar o tipo de micobactéria foi utilizada a imuno-histoquímica com a qual se pode diagnosticar a presença de Mycobacterium marinum. A enfermidade pode ser transmitida para o homem e com esse trabalho ressalta-se a necessidade de fazer o diagnóstico correto e implantar medidas de proteção para as pessoas que estão em contato com os peixes infectados.(AU)

Mycobacteriosis affects various species of fish, including those cultured with commercial purposes. It is a chronic systemic with granuloma forming disease known as fish mycobacteriosis. In the last few years the interest of fish culture has been increasing due to the reduction of the natural fish stocks. However the intensification of fish culture has collaborated to the development of diseases such as mycobacteriosis, causing losses due to the chronic characteristics and difficult diagnosis. This study is to report two cases of mycobacteriosis observed at "Laboratório de Piscicultura Estuarina e Marinha of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)", one for Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus and another for barber goby Elacatinus figaro. The Fite-Faraco staining protocol was used. Membranes of mycobacterial cells contain a waxy substance composed of mycolic acids. These are ß-hydroxy carboxylic acids with chain lengths of up to 90 carbon atoms. The property of acid fastness is related to the carbon chain length of the mycolic acid found in any particular species. The fish mycobacterium is much less acid and alcohol fast than the tubercle bacillus and the classic Ziehl-Neelsen Staining Protocol may give false results. The presence of mycobacterial antigen lesions was studied by immunohistological methods using monoclonal antibodies to Mycobacterium marinum. Humans may be infected by these bacteria and develop cutaneous granuloma. In this paper the necessity is stressed for a correct diagnosis of the disease, contributing to the prevention of its establishment in aquatic facilities, and thus, preserving cultured fish as well as human beings from infection.(AU)