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1.
Acta sci., Anim. sci ; 45: e57397, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1413223

Resumo

The objective was to evaluate levels of replacement of corn silage with extruded forage (Foragge®) in sheep feeding. Twenty adult Santa Inês ewes in maintenance, and 55.8 kg average weight were housed in metabolic cages, and the treatments consisted of 20, 40, 60 and 80% replacement of corn silage with Foragge®extruded forage with 60% Uruchloa brizanthain the diet. The design was completely randomized, with regression analysis and non-parametric analysis at 5% probability. The supply of up to 80% extruded roughage to replace corn silage increased dry matter intake and digestibility, and fecal output in dry matter (p < 0.05). Also, it increased the efficiency of ingestion, rumination and chewing activities of sheep, but did not alter urinary parameters and energy metabolites (p > 0.05). However, it reduced the concentration of uric acid (p < 0.05). Foragge®extruded roughage can replace corn silage by up to 80% with changes in intake, digestibility, fecal parameters, ingestive behavior and concentration of uric acid and urea, with no modifications in urinary parameters and energy metabolites.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Silagem/análise , Ovinos/fisiologia , Zea mays/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal
2.
Acta sci., Anim. sci ; 45: e59494, 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1428410

Resumo

To gain insights into the forage morphological and anatomical characteristics in a silvopastoral system (SPS) with Bolsa de Pastor (Zeyheria tuberculosa) and palisadegrass 'Marandu' (Urochloa brizantha) monoculture (MONO). The SPS was established through natural regeneration of the tree species. Treatments were a SPS and MONO distributed in a completely randomized design with six replicates and repeated measures were the harvest periods. Response variables were morpho-physiological and anatomical characteristicss: green: dead material ratio, leaf blade: stem+sheath ratio, leaf area index, chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, proportions of non-lignified and achlorophyllous areas, lignified areas in stems, proportions of non-lignified and achlorophyllous areas, lignified and chlorophyllous areas in leaves, as well as cell length in longitudinal section of stem. Morpho-physiological patterns were altered (p < 0.05) under natural shading conditions due to higher photosynthetic efficiency in the SPS. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of the systems on anatomical patterns, proportions of non-lignified and achlorophyllous, lignified and chlorophyllous tissues, these proportions were influenced only by the periods of the year, both for stems and leaves. Cells of the internodes of the grasses of the studied systems had the same length. The SPS alters morpho-physiological characteristics of palisadegrass and increases the concentration of chlorophyll a and b.(AU)


Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos Vegetais , Poaceae/anatomia & histologia , Pastagens
3.
Rev. bras. zootec ; 52: e20210225, 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1436810

Resumo

The objectives were to evaluate the effects of monensin and virginiamycin, alone or combined, on supplemented Nellore cattle grazing tropical grass during the rainy season. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously to evaluate intake, digestibility, CH4 emissions, blood parameters, performance, and carcass characteristics (Exp. 1), and ruminal fermentation and relative abundance of ruminal microorganisms (Exp. 2). Animals (n = 92 Exp. 1 and n = 12 Exp. 2) were distributed in a completely randomized design and allocated in twelve paddocks composed of Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Xaraés. A protein-energetic supplementation of 3 g/kg of BW per day was provided to all animals. Supplements were: without additives (WA), monensin alone at 80 mg/kg of product (MN), virginiamycin alone at 150 mg/kg of product (VM), and monensin (80 mg/kg of product) combined with virginiamycin (150 mg/kg of product; MNVM). Treatments did not affect intakes of total dry matter (DM), supplement DM, and nutrients. However, the intakes of forage DM and crude protein decreased in cattle fed MNVM compared with animals fed WA, MN, and VM. Total volatile fatty acids increased in animals fed VM. Ruminal NH3-N decreased, and pH increased in animals fed MN, VM, and MNVM. Relative abundance of total F. succinogenes and S. ruminantium decreased and R. flavefaciens increased in animals fed MN and VM at d 118. Treatments had no effect on enteric CH4 emissions. The average daily gain (ADG) and total gain were greater in cattle fed MNVM than in cattle fed MN. Combination of monensin and virginiamycin altered the rumen microbial populations but did not decrease enteric CH4 emissions. However, it decreased forage dry matter intake without altering the ADG and total weight gain, leading to an increase in feed efficiency. Results from this study indicate an advantage in including feed additives combined in the diet of supplemented Nellore cattle grazing tropical grass during the rainy season.


Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Monensin/administração & dosagem , Virginiamicina/administração & dosagem , Estação Chuvosa , Dieta/veterinária , Aditivos Alimentares
4.
Acta sci., Anim. sci ; 45: e58162, 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1413200

Resumo

This study aimed to evaluate the intake, digestibility, and ingestive behavior of sheep fed with different species of forage cacti. Fifteen sheep (17.27kg ± 1 kg) were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments and five replicates. The treatments were diets on a dry matter basis composed of 430.9 g kg-1of thornless Mandacaru cactus (Cereus hildmannianus), 525.7 g kg-1of cactus pear cv. Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta) and 492.1 g kg-1of cactus pear cv. Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera) in addition to Sabiá hay (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia) (194.7 to 233.8 g kg-1), plus concentrate feed. The intake of the dry matter,organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, non-fiber carbohydrates, total digestible nutrientsand voluntary water intake in g day-1was not differ (p > 0.05) by experimental diets. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in digestibility coefficients of the dry matter,organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, non-fiber carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrientsbetween the experimental diets. The feeding times differed (p < 0.05) between diets, with a higher value for the Opuntiadiet, while the rumination times, feeding efficiency, and rumination efficiency did not differ (p > 0.05). The cactus Cereusand Opuntiaand Nopaleahave similar nutritional value in sheep's diet.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Ovinos/fisiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Opuntia/genética , Valor Nutritivo/fisiologia
5.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1459992

Resumo

The objective was to evaluate the morphometric, productive and chemical aspects of purple elephant grass as a function of nitrogen fertilization. The treatments consisted of applying 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg ha-1 of N, using a randomized block design, with five treatments and four replications. The following were evaluated: plant height, number, length and leaf mass, stem diameter and mass, leaf/stem ratio, production of green and dry mass, support capacity for dairy cows, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and mineral matter. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% probability. The increase in N doses did not affect (p < 0.05) the morphometry of the purple elephant grass, however it positively stimulated the productivity, the animal support capacity and the bromatological components of the harvested material. The lack of response to nitrogen fertilization may be related to the edaphocilimatic conditions during the experiment and efficiency in the use of N of the variety used. The results demonstrate the high demand of the cultivar for N, actively interfering in the forage yield.


The objective was to evaluate the morphometric, productive and chemical aspects of purple elephant grass as a function of nitrogen fertilization. The treatments consisted of applying 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg ha-1 of N, using a randomized block design, with five treatments and four replications. The following were evaluated: plant height, number, length and leaf mass, stem diameter and mass, leaf/stem ratio, production of green and dry mass, support capacity for dairy cows, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and mineral matter. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% probability. The increase in N doses did not affect (p < 0.05) the morphometry of the purple elephant grass, however it positively stimulated the productivity, the animal support capacity and the bromatological components of the harvested material. The lack of response to nitrogen fertilization may be related to the edaphocilimatic conditions during the experiment and efficiency in the use of N of the variety used. The results demonstrate the high demand of the cultivar for N, actively interfering in the forage yield.

6.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1493927

Resumo

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the physiological parameters, the productive characteristics, structural and chemical composition of Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) cultivars BRS Massai and BRS Tamani submitted to different periods of deferment and moments of use. The experimental design was randomized complete block design in a factorial scheme 2 x 2 x 3, being two grass cultivars (Massai grass and Tamani grass), two deferment periods (rainy season and dry-rainy transition) and three sealing times (40, 80 and 120 days). Both cultivars had higher leaf transpiration rate when used for 40 days of deferment (0.63 mol/m2/s). It was observed that the cultivar BRS Massai presented higher photosynthetic rate (P 0.05) to 40 days of deferment (1.10 mol/m2/s), higher rate of production and forage accumulation when used for 40 days. On another side, there was a greater efficiency in the use of water during the period of transition in the pastures sealed for 80 and 120 days (64.60 and 62.30 kg DM/ha/mm, respectively). A reduction (P 0.05) of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP) was observed with the increase in pasture sealing time. In general, the deferment in the transition period allows the use of forage without greater productive and nutrient losses up to 80 days of sealing for the cultivar BRS Tamani and up to 40 days for BRS Massai.


RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos, as características produtivas, estruturais e composição química de Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) cultivares BRS Massai e BRS Tamani submetidas à diferentes períodos de diferimento e momentos de utilização. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3, sendo duas cultivares de gramíneas (capim-massai e capim-tamani), dois períodos de diferimento (período chuvoso e transição chuvoso-seco) e três tempos de vedação (40, 80 e 120 dias). Ambas as cultivares tiveram maior taxa de transpiração foliar quando utilizadas aos 40 dias de diferimento (0,63 mol/m2/s). Observou-se que a cultivar BRS Massai apresentou a maior taxa fotossintética (1,10 mol/m²/s), taxa de produção e acúmulo de forragem quando utilizada aos 40 dias de diferimento (P 0,05). Por outo lado, houve maior eficiência no uso da água durante o período de transição nos pastos vedados por 80 e 120 dias (64,60 e 62,30 kg de MS/ha/mm, respectivamente). Observou-se redução (P 0,05) dos nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) e proteína bruta (PB) com o aumento no tempo de vedação das pastagens. De modo geral o diferimento no período de transição possibilita a utilização da forragem sem maiores perdas produtivas e nutritivas até os 80 dias de vedação para a cultivar BRS Tamani e até os 40 dias para a BRS Massai.

7.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 43(6): 2499-2516, nov.-dez. 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1418844

Resumo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage mass, morphogenetic and structural characteristics, and nutritional value of tropical forage grasses in semiarid conditions. Nine grasses were evaluated, namely, three cultivars of Urochloa brizantha (Marandu, MG4, and Piatã); Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk; Urochloa humidicola cv. Llanero; Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy; and three cultivars of Megathyrsus maximum (Massai, Mombaça, and Tanzania). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement in which the main factor were the grass cultivars and the secondary factor the seasons, with five replications per treatment. The statistical model included the fixed effect of treatment (grass), whereas the season was included as a random effect within treatments. Urochloa brizantha cvs. Marandu, MG4, and Piatã and Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk produced on average 858 kg ha-1 more forage mass than cvs. Kennedy and Basilisk. Megathyrsus maximum cv. Mombaça produced 40% more forage mass than the other cultivars of M. maximum (4205 vs. 3001 kg ha-1). Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy showed the lowest water use efficiency (36%). Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy exhibited the lowest leaf weight among the Urochloa cultivars (740 vs. 1319 kg ha-1). There was no treatment effect for leaf weight in the M. maximum cultivars. Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy showed the highest values of total digestible nutrients and dry matter digestibility (1.84 and 2.34%, respectively) among the other Urochloa cultivars. The M. maximum cultivars showed little differences in nutritional values. Cultivars Marandu, Piatã, and Massai exhibited better productive responses in the edaphoclimatic conditions of this study. However, future studies must be conducted evaluating the adaptation of the forage grass under semiarid conditions. Considering the settings of this study, the grasses Urochloa brizantha cvs. MG4, Marandu, and Piatã, as well as Megathyrsus maximum cvs. Massai and Mombaça, can be used in the semiarid condition.


O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produtividade, características morfogênicas e estruturais e valor nutritivo de gramíneas forrageiras tropicais em condições semiáridas. Nove gramíneas foram avaliadas: Três cultivares de Urochloa brizantha (Marandu, MG4 e Piatã), Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk, Urochloa humidicola cv. Llanero, Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy e três cultivares de Megathyrsus maximum (Massai, capim-Mombaça e Tanzânia). O experimento foi conduzido em blocos completos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com o fator principal (cultivar) e o fator secundário (estação) com cinco repetições por tratamento. O modelo estatístico incluiu o efeito fixo de tratamento (cultivar), e a estação do ano foi incluída como efeito aleatório dentro do tratamento. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, MG4 e Piatã e Urochloa decumbens cv Basilisk produziram em média 858 kg ha-1 de massa de forragem a mais que a cv. Kennedy e Llanero. Megathyrsus cv. Mombaça produziu 40% (4205 vs. 3001 kg ha-1) a mais de massa de forragem do que as demais cultivares de Megathyrsus maximum. Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy apresentou a menor (36%) eficiência no uso da água (EUA). Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy produziu menor quantidade de folhas (740 vs. 1319 kg ha-1) para as demais cultivares de Urochloa. Não houve efeito do tratamento na produtividade de folhas para as cultivares Megathyrsus maximum. Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy apresentou os maiores valores de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) e digestibilidade da matéria seca (DMS) (+1,84 e 2,34%, respectivamente) em relação à outra cultivar de Urochloa. As cultivares Megathyrsus maximum tiveram pouco efeito sobre os valores nutritivos. As cultivares Marandu, Piatã e Massai apresentaram melhores respostas produtivas nas condições edafoclimáticas deste estudo. No entanto, estudos futuros devem ser realizados avaliando a adaptação da forrageira em condições semiáridas. Nesta condição de estudo, as gramíneas Urochloa brizantha cv. MG4, Marandu e Piatã, assim como o Megathyrsus maximum cv. Massai e Mombaça podem ser usados em condições semiáridas.


Assuntos
Estações do Ano , Nutrientes , Pastagens , Poaceae , Valor Nutritivo
8.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 52(6): e20210032, 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1350576

Resumo

Forage pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense (L.) Poir.) is an important legume crop for fresh and dry herbage production with high input costs as irrigation and fertilization. Selection and breeding of accessions for improved drought tolerance, water, and mineral uptake efficiency become a necessity, rather than a choice. This study evaluated a set of forage pea accessions for the seedling root system architecture diversity and seed reserve utilization, under controlled conditions. Eight cultivars and an elite breeding line were evaluated for the first time in a plexiglass system. The number and lengths of the roots in each depth zone (0, 5, 10, 15+ cm) were evaluated and significant diversity was identified. The cultivar Livioletta had the highest number of roots and total root length. There was a significant correlation between seed weight, seed reserve utilization ratio, and root system vigor. Accessions with the highest seed reserve utilization had the highest total root length and numbers. Seedling root system vigor seems to be effective in predicting the fate of the accessions through maturity. The results suggested a possibility of "seedling root selection" for forage crop breeding.


A ervilha forrageira (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense (L.) Poir.) é uma cultura leguminosa importante para a produção de forragem fresca e seca com alto custo de insumos como irrigação e fertilização. A seleção e reprodução de acessos para melhor tolerância à seca, eficiência de absorção de água e minerais tornam-se uma necessidade, ao invés de uma escolha. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar um conjunto de acessos de ervilha forrageira quanto à diversidade da arquitetura do sistema radicular de mudas e utilização de reservas de sementes, em condições controladas. Oito cultivares e uma linha de melhoramento de elite foram avaliados pela primeira vez em um sistema de plexiglass. O número e o comprimento das raízes em cada zona de profundidade (0, 5, 10, 15+ cm) foram avaliados e uma diversidade significativa foi identificada. A cultivar Livioletta apresentou o maior número de raízes e comprimento total de raízes. Houve uma correlação significativa entre o peso da semente, a taxa de utilização de reserva de semente e o vigor do sistema radicular. Os acessos com a maior utilização de reserva de sementes tiveram o maior comprimento e número total de raízes. O vigor do sistema radicular de mudas parece ser eficaz em predizer o destino dos acessos até a maturidade. Os resultados sugerem a possibilidade de "seleção de raízes de mudas" para o melhoramento da cultura forrageira.


Assuntos
Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pisum sativum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pisum sativum/genética , Banco de Sementes
9.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 43(1): 297-310, jan.-fev. 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1368724

Resumo

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of protein-energy supplementation on productive performance, intake, digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed tropical forage. Twelve Nellore heifers at 11 months of age, with a mean initial body weight of 248.8 ± 11.40 kg were used. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments and six replicates. The treatments evaluated were: control (without supplementation); and supplementation in the amount of 1.5 kg animal-1 day-1. Forage samples were collected to evaluate the chemical composition and the total availability of dry matter of the pasture consumed by the animals. To evaluate the intake and forage digestibility, a trial was performed using internal and external markers. In this study no effect of supplementation was observed on the intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), forage DM, or neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap; P > 0.10). However, supplementation increased (P < 0.01) the intakes of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC). Additionally, an upward trend (P=0.076) was observed in the intake of digested OM (DOM) with supplementation. On the other hand, supplementation increased (P < 0.01) the digestibility coefficients of OM, CP, EE, and NFC, although supplementation did not affect the ruminal synthesis of nitrogen compounds (MICN), efficiency of protein microbial synthesis (EMS), relative microbial nitrogen (RMICN) or urine urea nitrogen (UUN) excretion (P > 0.57). Lastly, supplementation increased (P=0.050) the average daily gain of the animals, although no effect (P > 0.10) was observed on their final body weight. These results suggested that protein-energy supplementation improves the productive performance and nutritional characteristics of grazing beef heifers.(AU)


Este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação proteico-energético sobre o desempenho produtivo, consumo, digestibilidade e sínteses de proteína microbiana em novilhas de corte alimentadas com forragem tropical. Doze novilhas Nelore com 11 meses de idade e peso corporal médio inicial de 248,8±11,40 kg foram utilizadas. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: controle (não suplementado); e suplementado na quantidade de 1,5 kg animal-1 dia-1. Amostras de forragem foram coletadas para avaliar a composição química e a disponibilidade total de matéria seca do pasto consumido pelos animais. Para avaliar o consumo e digestibilidade da forragem, um ensaio foi conduzido usando marcadores internos e externos. Neste estudo não foi observado efeito da suplementação sobre o consumo de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), MS da forragem, ou fibra em detergente neutro corrigida para cinzas e proteína (FDNcp; P > 0,10). No entanto, a suplementação incrementou o consumo de proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE) e carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF). Além disso, foi observada uma tendência de aumento (P=0,076) no consumo de MO digerida (MOD) com a suplementação. Por outro lado, a suplementação aumentou (P < 0,01) os coeficientes de digestibilidade da MO, PB, EE e CNF, embora a suplementação não tenha afetado a síntese ruminal de compostos nitrogenados (NMIC), eficiência de síntese de proteína microbiana (EFM), nitrogênio microbiano relativo (NMICR) ou excreção de nitrogênio ureico na urina (NUU) (P > 0,57). Finalmente, a suplementação aumentou (P < 0,050) o ganho médio diário dos animais, embora nenhum efeito (P > 0,10) tenha sido observado no peso corporal final. Esses resultados sugerem que a suplementação proteico-energética melhora o desempenho produtivo e as características nutricionais de novilhas de corte em pastejo.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Peso Corporal , Pastagens , Compostos de Nitrogênio , Suplementos Nutricionais
10.
Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim ; 23: e202220200062, 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1363218

Resumo

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological parameters, the productive characteristics, structural and chemical composition of Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) cultivars BRS Massai and BRS Tamani submitted to different periods of deferment and moments of use. The experimental design was randomized complete block design in a factorial scheme 2 x 2 x 3, being two grass cultivars (Massai grass and Tamani grass), two deferment periods (rainy season and dry-rainy transition) and three sealing times (40, 80 and 120 days). Both cultivars had higher leaf transpiration rate when used for 40 days of deferment (0.63 µmol/m2/s). It was observed that the cultivar BRS Massai presented higher photosynthetic rate (P<0.05) to 40 days of deferment (1.10 µmol/m2/s), higher rate of production and forage accumulation when used for 40 days. On another side, there was a greater efficiency in the use of water during the period of transition in the pastures sealed for 80 and 120 days (64.60 and 62.30 kg DM/ha/mm, respectively). A reduction (P<0.05) of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP) was observed with the increase in pasture sealing time. In general, the deferment in the transition period allows the use of forage without greater productive and nutrient losses up to 80 days of sealing for the cultivar BRS Tamani and up to 40 days for BRS Massai.(AU)


Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos, as características produtivas, estruturais e composição química de Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) cultivares BRS Massai e BRS Tamani submetidas à diferentes períodos de diferimento e momentos de utilização. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3, sendo duas cultivares de gramíneas (capim-massai e capim-tamani), dois períodos de diferimento (período chuvoso e transição chuvoso-seco) e três tempos de vedação (40, 80 e 120 dias). Ambas as cultivares tiveram maior taxa de transpiração foliar quando utilizadas aos 40 dias de diferimento (0,63 µmol/m2/s). Observou-se que a cultivar BRS Massai apresentou a maior taxa fotossintética (1,10 µmol/m²/s), taxa de produção e acúmulo de forragem quando utilizada aos 40 dias de diferimento (P<0,05). Por outo lado, houve maior eficiência no uso da água durante o período de transição nos pastos vedados por 80 e 120 dias (64,60 e 62,30 kg de MS/ha/mm, respectivamente). Observou-se redução (P<0,05) dos nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) e proteína bruta (PB) com o aumento no tempo de vedação das pastagens. De modo geral o diferimento no período de transição possibilita a utilização da forragem sem maiores perdas produtivas e nutritivas até os 80 dias de vedação para a cultivar BRS Tamani e até os 40 dias para a BRS Massai.(AU)


Assuntos
Fotossíntese , Água , Pastagens/análise , Panicum/química
11.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1493921

Resumo

ABSTRACT This study examined the quality of silage from two cultivars of energy cane (Saccharum spontaneum) produced with different additives. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with a 2×5 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two cultivars (VG3, VG1126) and four additives (1% urea; 1% NaOH; 1% CaO; and 1.0 × 1011 CFU g-1 of Lactobacillus plantarum- LP) + control, with eight replicates. Experimental mini-silos were used, which were opened 72 days after ensiling. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), mineral matter (MM), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents, and silage degradability were. We identified significant interactions effect between cultivar and type of additive for DM, CP, EE, NDF. ADF. Organic and mineral matter percentage were similar between the two cultivars. LP was the least beneficial additive for DM degradation.After 72 h of fermentation, in vitro NDF degradation of cultivar VG3 increased due to urea, NaOH, and CaO, whereas degradation cultivar VG1126 decreased when inoculated with LP or CaO. The NaOH and CaO improved silage degradability thus improving its quality. The use of LP in the present study did not benefit silage for energy-cane cultivars. The use of NaOH and CaO improves the quality of the silage, two varieties of sugarcane energy VG3 and VG1126, enabling its use with better efficiency for animal feed.


RESUMO Este estudo avaliou a qualidade da silagem de duas cultivares de cana-de-energia (Saccharumspontaneum) produzidas com diferentes aditivos. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 2 × 5 de tratamentos composto por duas cultivares (VG3, VG1126) e quatro aditivos (1% uréia; 1% NaOH; 1% CaO; e 1,0 × 1011 UFC g -1 de Lactobacillus plantarum- LP) + controle, com oito repetições. Foram utilizados minisilos experimentais, os quais foram abertos 72 dias após a ensilagem. Os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), matéria orgânica (MO), matéria mineral (MM), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e degradabilidade da silagem foram avaliados. Identificou-se efeito de interação significativo entre cultivar e tipo de aditivo para MS, PB, EE, FDN. ADF. As porcentagens de matéria orgânica e mineral foram semelhantes entre as duas cultivares. LP foi o aditivo menos benéfico para a degradação da MS. Após 72 h de fermentação, a degradação in vitro da FDN da cultivar VG3 aumentou devido à uréia, NaOH e CaO, enquanto a degradação da cultivar VG1126 diminuiu quando inoculada com LP ou CaO. O NaOH e o CaO melhoraram a degradabilidade da silagem, melhorando assim sua qualidade. O uso da LP no presente estudo não beneficiou a silagem para cultivares de cana-de-energia. O uso de NaOH e CaO melhora a qualidade da silagem, duas variedades de energia da cana-de-açúcar VG3 e VG1126, possibilitando seu uso com melhor eficiência para ração animal

12.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 52(9): e20210490, 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1364733

Resumo

The current study evaluated the efficiency of mechanical, physical, chemical and cultural methods, used exclusively or integrated, to control tough lovegrass. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 15 treatments and four repetitions. Physical control of tough lovegrass was based on the application of fire, whereas mechanical controls consisted in mowing and harrowing/plowing procedures. The herbicide clethodim and different glyphosate salts were evaluated for chemical control. Glyphosate and soil fertility correction were applied as cultural and integrated methods, in addition to isopropylamine + potassium salts combination, soil fertility correction and implantation of one of the following forage plants: Elephant grass, Pangola grass, Forage peanut and Birdsfoot trefoil. The effect of treatments on the incidence of tough lovegrass and on its botanical composition was evaluated one year after their applications. Isolated control methods, except for glyphosate using, did not present efficient tough lovegrass control. Glyphosate salts could control tough lovegrass plants, but their association with improved soil fertility and Pangola grass implantation was the best strategy to control the invasive plant.


O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficiência de métodos mecânicos, físico, químicos e culturais de forma isolada ou integrada, no controle de capim-annoni. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com 15 tratamentos e quatro repetições. O controle físico do capim-annoni foi baseado na aplicação de fogo enquanto os controles mecânicos consistiram em roçada e gradagem/aração. Para o controle químico, foram testados os herbicidas clethodim e diferentes sais de glifosato. Para os métodos culturais e integrados, foi realizada aplicação de glifosato isopropilamina + potássio e correção da fertilidade do solo, além dos tratamentos com combinação de isopropilamina + potássio, correção de fertilidade do solo e implantação das seguintes espécies forrageiras: Capim-elefante, Capim Pangola, Amendoim forrageiro e Cornichão. Avaliou-se o efeito dos tratamentos sobre a ocorrência de capim-annoni e sobre a composição botânica, um ano após suas aplicações. Métodos de controle isolados, com exceção do uso de glifosato, não apresentam controle eficiente de plantas de capim-annoni. Os sais de glifosato controlam plantas de capim-annoni, mas sua associação com a melhoria da fertilidade do solo e implantação de Capim Pangola é a melhor estratégia para controle da planta invasora.


Assuntos
Análise do Solo , Eragrostis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pennisetum , Controle de Plantas Daninhas/métodos , Herbicidas/efeitos adversos
13.
Acta sci., Anim. sci ; 44: e53652, 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1390667

Resumo

The objective was to evaluate the morphometric, productive and chemical aspects of purple elephant grass as a function of nitrogen fertilization. The treatments consisted of applying 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg ha-1 of N, using a randomized block design, with five treatments and four replications. The following were evaluated: plant height, number, length and leaf mass, stem diameter and mass, leaf/stem ratio, production of green and dry mass, support capacity for dairy cows, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and mineral matter. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% probability. The increase in N doses did not affect (p < 0.05) the morphometry of the purple elephant grass, however it positively stimulated the productivity, the animal support capacity and the bromatological components of the harvested material. The lack of response to nitrogen fertilization may be related to the edaphocilimatic conditions during the experiment and efficiency in the use of N of the variety used. The results demonstrate the high demand of the cultivar for N, actively interfering in the forage yield.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Pastagens , Pennisetum/fisiologia , Análise de Alimentos , Compostagem/métodos , Compostos de Nitrogênio , Ração Animal/análise
14.
Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim ; 23: e202100432022, 2022. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1360941

Resumo

This study examined the quality of silage from two cultivars of energy cane (Saccharum spontaneum) produced with different additives. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with a 2×5 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two cultivars (VG3, VG1126) and four additives (1% urea; 1% NaOH; 1% CaO; and 1.0 × 1011 CFU g-1 of Lactobacillus plantarum- LP) + control, with eight replicates. Experimental mini-silos were used, which were opened 72 days after ensiling. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), mineral matter (MM), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents, and silage degradability were. We identified significant interactions effect between cultivar and type of additive for DM, CP, EE, NDF. ADF. Organic and mineral matter percentage were similar between the two cultivars. LP was the least beneficial additive for DM degradation.After 72 h of fermentation, in vitro NDF degradation of cultivar VG3 increased due to urea, NaOH, and CaO, whereas degradation cultivar VG1126 decreased when inoculated with LP or CaO. The NaOH and CaO improved silage degradability thus improving its quality. The use of LP in the present study did not benefit silage for energy-cane cultivars. The use of NaOH and CaO improves the quality of the silage, two varieties of sugarcane energy VG3 and VG1126, enabling its use with better efficiency for animal feed.


Este estudo avaliou a qualidade da silagem de duas cultivares de cana-de-energia (Saccharumspontaneum) produzidas com diferentes aditivos. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 2 × 5 de tratamentos composto por duas cultivares (VG3, VG1126) e quatro aditivos (1% uréia; 1% NaOH; 1% CaO; e 1,0 × 1011 UFC g -1 de Lactobacillus plantarum- LP) + controle, com oito repetições. Foram utilizados minisilos experimentais, os quais foram abertos 72 dias após a ensilagem. Os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), matéria orgânica (MO), matéria mineral (MM), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e degradabilidade da silagem foram avaliados. Identificou-se efeito de interação significativo entre cultivar e tipo de aditivo para MS, PB, EE, FDN. ADF. As porcentagens de matéria orgânica e mineral foram semelhantes entre as duas cultivares. LP foi o aditivo menos benéfico para a degradação da MS. Após 72 h de fermentação, a degradação in vitro da FDN da cultivar VG3 aumentou devido à uréia, NaOH e CaO, enquanto a degradação da cultivar VG1126 diminuiu quando inoculada com LP ou CaO. O NaOH e o CaO melhoraram a degradabilidade da silagem, melhorando assim sua qualidade. O uso da LP no presente estudo não beneficiou a silagem para cultivares de cana-de-energia. O uso de NaOH e CaO melhora a qualidade da silagem, duas variedades de energia da cana-de-açúcar VG3 e VG1126, possibilitando seu uso com melhor eficiência para ração animal.


Assuntos
Silagem/análise , Saccharum , Inoculantes Agrícolas
15.
Acta sci., Anim. sci ; 44: e53828, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1366527

Resumo

The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of the addition of condensed tannins (CT) in the efficiency of digestion, methanogenic potential and energy distribution between the fermentation products of two forages. An assay was carried out using the in vitrogas production technique in which extracts of Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) and Lotus corniculatuswere evaluated with fermentation patterns of derived products from Ryegrass (RG, Lolium perenne) and a tropical forage, Megathyrsus maximus(MM). Tannins were added to the substrate at a concentration of 30 mg g-1. MM presented higher and delayed gas production (GP), and in vitrodry matter, organic matter and fiber digestibilities (ivDMD, ivOMDand NDFD, respectively) were relatively high but lower than RG. In addition, MM presented higher CH4production (CH4p) than RG in 24 and 48h. Even though CT of Quebracho induced a decrease in the NDFD, contrary to what was expected, CH4p was greater, although this effect could not be attributed to the presence of CT. The stoichiometric evaluation indicated that while the highest CH4p in Quebracho treatments were associated with acetogenic profiles, CH4p with Lotus did not show any relationship with the volatile fatty acids (VFA) profile, but it did show a relationship with the highest total VFA production and the highest GP.(AU)


Assuntos
Técnicas In Vitro , Lolium/química , Taninos , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis
16.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 52(11): e20200708, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1375124

Resumo

This study quantified K uptake kinetic parameters in grass species Paspalum notatum, Paspalum urvillei and Axonopus affinis to associate them with growth. Ten milliliters (10 ml) of nutrient solution were collected in two-liter pots - with five repetitions in 24 hours - in order to determine K concentrations in the samples. Shoot and root dry matter, root length, volume, diameter and surface area, as well as kinetic parameters associated with nutrient uptake (Vmax, Km, Cmin and I) were determined. Species P. notatum was the one presenting the highest root, shoot and total dry matter production, as well as the highest root volume. P. urvillei recorded the highest K content, which may be associated with thinner roots and greater root surface area. A. affinis recorded the highest Vmax value, which led to greater K uptake efficiency.


O estudo quantificou os parâmetros cinéticos de captação de K nas gramíneas Paspalum notatum, Paspalum urvillei e Axonopus affinis associados com o crescimento. Dez mililitros (10 ml) de solução nutritiva foram coletados em vasos de dois litros - com cinco repetições em 24 horas - para determinação das concentrações de K nas amostras. A matéria seca da parte aérea e raízes; comprimento, volume, diâmetro e área superficial radicular, bem como parâmetros cinéticos associados à absorção de nutrientes (Vmax, Km, Cmin e I) foram avaliados. A espécie P. notatum apresentou a maior produção de raiz, parte aérea e MS total, bem como o maior volume de raiz. P. urvillei apresentou o maior teor de K, que pode ser associado a raízes mais finas e resultando em maior área superficial. A. affinis registrou o maior valor de Vmax, o que levou a uma maior eficiência de absorção de K.


Assuntos
Potássio/administração & dosagem , Nutrientes/análise , Paspalum/química
17.
Sci. agric ; 79(4): e20200319, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1290206

Resumo

Alternatives to enhance the consensual low phosphorus (P) use efficiency of agriculture may include use of phosphate rock (PR) and plant species with unequal ability to get soil and rock P interplanted in cropping systems to allow plants with higher ability to facilitate access to P of plants with lower ability. This study investigated (i) the maize and three soil cover crops on their capacity to acquire P from PR and (ii) measured P acquisition of maize interplanted with the soil cover crop with the highest capacity to acquire P shown in (i). Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, with plants grown in single and mixed cropping in pots containing a sandy, low-P soil amended with Monocalcium Phosphate (McP) or the Brazilian PR Itafós. Plant biomass production with PR, in relation to McP, was 83.7 % for buckwheat, 83.6 % for forage radish, 51.8 % for maize, and 0.3 % for pigeon pea. Buckwheat showed capacity of acquiring P from PR; nevertheless, it did not increase growth or P nutrition of maize interplanted in the soil amended with PR, showing no significant P facilitation. The soil amended with McP showed competition between the two plants in the pots. Maize had a greater growth in mixed than in single cropping and this occurred at the expenses of buckwheat. Despite the P mobilization potential of buckwheat, its simple interplanting with maize did not produce positive results.


Assuntos
Fosfatos , Fósforo , Fagopyrum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Zea mays/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Zonas Agrícolas/análise
18.
Rev. bras. zootec ; 51: e20210093, 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1442828

Resumo

The objective was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation systems and harvest frequencies on the cultivation of cactus pear. The study was conducted in the semi-arid region, in the municipality of Russas, CE, Brazil. The experiment was a split plot randomized block design, with four replications. Plots were represented by irrigation systems (surface drip, microsprinkler, Micro Spray Jet, and conventional sprinkler) and subplots by harvest frequencies (6, 9, 12, and 18 months). Cactus pear biomass production characteristics were evaluated. Most of the productive characteristics evaluated were influenced by harvest frequency and irrigation system. The harvest frequency of 12 months combined with conventional sprinkler system resulted in a total dry biomass production of 16,400 kg ha−1. The conventional sprinkler system showed the highest number of second-order cladodes (4.9 cladodes plant−1). The conventional sprinkler and Micro Spray Jet systems showed the highest values for various structural characteristics. For water use efficiency (WUE), the highest value was found at the frequency of six months (8.46 kg ha−1 mm−1). Regarding the effects of irrigation system on WUE, the highest values were observed with the conventional sprinkler system (8.20 kg ha−1 mm−1). The harvest frequency of 12 months combined with the conventional sprinkler system presents better results in the evaluated productive characteristics, mainly the cactus pear production by area.(AU)


Assuntos
Água/efeitos adversos , Biomassa , Opuntia/fisiologia , Irrigação Agrícola/métodos , Produtos Agrícolas/efeitos adversos
19.
Rev. bras. zootec ; 51: e20200230, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1442926

Resumo

The study aimed to nutritionally evaluate the silage of pineapple crop waste in sheep feeding in different planes of nutrition (L). We used eight growing sheep and four male castrated adults, in individual metabolic cages distributed in a switchback design with two treatments and three periods. The treatments were the different planes of nutrition: L = MEI/Mm, MEI/1.5Mm, and MEI/2.5Mm, in which L = MEI/Mm, MEI is the energy amount of the feed intake and Mm is the maintenance. We performed a digestibility trial of the diet composed of silage of pineapple crop waste, ground corn, and soybean meal. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. Nutrient intake behaved linearly according to the increase in the L, except for organic matter, which presented a quadratic behavior. Planes of nutrition did not affect protein and fiber digestible fractions. However, digestible fractions of fat and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) increased with L. The indigestible fractions displayed a quadratic behavior with an increase in the L. Regarding the microbial synthesis efficiency, we observed a linear decrease with the increase in L. Thus, the silage of pineapple crop waste is a feed very rich in NFC. Besides, silage of pineapple crop waste presented a good alternative roughage during forage shortages. Diet inclusion of 2.5x the maintenance does not compromise the sheep performance.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Ovinos/microbiologia , Ananas/química , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/fisiologia , Silagem , Viabilidade Microbiana
20.
Ars vet ; 38(4): 153-162, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1417135

Resumo

A bovinocultura de corte é responsável por uma grande parcela na produção de alimentos no mundo. Uma das principais estratégias para aprimorar a criação de gado é a alimentação, sendo que os minerais apresentam importante papel nutricional. O enxofre é caracterizado como um macromineral, devido sua exigência nos bovinos, e possui várias funções vitais, por isso, frequentemente deve ser suplementado na dieta. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar a fonte inorgânica de enxofre (flor de enxofre) com uma fonte orgânica (quelato de enxofre) e seus diferentes níveis de suplementação sobre o desempenho de novilhas ½ Nelore x ½ Aberdeen Angus submetidas a sistema de confinamento. Para isso foram utilizadas 24 novilhas entre 13 e 16 meses, com peso médio inicial de 230 kg, distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos: dose diária recomendada (6,72 g) de enxofre proveniente da flor de enxofre; dose diária recomendada de enxofre (6,72 g) proveniente do quelato de enxofre; 50% da dose recomendada de enxofre (3,36 g) proveniente do quelato de enxofre e 75% da dose diária recomendada de enxofre (5,04 g) proveniente do quelato de enxofre. Durante o período experimental de 90 dias foi fornecido dieta composta por 81% de concentrado e 19% de volumoso em quantidade equivalente a 2% do peso vivo na matéria seca de cada novilha. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para desempenho animal, conversão alimentar e eficiência alimentar. O tratamento com fonte orgânica de enxofre na metade da dose diária recomendada apresentou redução de 29,7% na excreção fecal de enxofre. Com isso, pode-se concluir que o uso de metade da dose de enxofre na forma orgânica (quelato de enxofre) pode ser uma opção para diminuir a inclusão do elemento mineral na dieta de bovinos de corte, já que os animais submetidos à metade da dose de quelato de enxofre atingiram o mesmo desempenho animal do grupo submetido à dose diária recomendada da fonte inorgânica de enxofre.


Beef cattle is responsible for a large portion of food production in the world. One of the main strategies to improve cattle breeding is feeding, with minerals playing an important role for diet supplementation. Sulfur is characterized as a macromineral, due to its requirement in cattle, and has several vital functions, therefore, it must often be supplemented in the diet. The present study aimed to compare the inorganic source of sulfur (sulfur flower) with an organic source (sulfur chelate) and their different levels of supplementation performance of ½ Nellore x ½ Aberdeen Angus heifers submitted to a feed lot system. Thus, 24 heifers aged between 13 and 16 months, with an average initial weight of 230 kg, were randomly distributed into four treatments: recommended daily dose (6.72 g) of sulfur from the sulfur flower; recommended daily dose (6.72 g) from sulfur chelate; 50% of the recommended dose of sulfur (3.36 g) from sulfur chelate and 75% of the recommended daily allowance (5.04 g) from sulfur chelate. During the 90-day experimental period, a diet consisting of 81% concentrate and 19% forage was provided in an amount equivalent to 2% of the live weight in the dry matter of each heifer. There were no significant differences between treatments for animal performance, feed conversion and feed efficiency. Treatment with an organic source of sulfur at half the recommended daily dose showed a reduction of 29.7% in fecal sulfur excretion. In conclusion, the use of half the dose of sulfur in the organic form (sulfur chelate) can be an option to reduce the inclusion of the mineral element in the diet of beef cattle, since the animals submitted to half the dose of sulfur chelate reached the same animal performance of the group submitted to the recommended daily dose of the inorganic source of sulfur.


Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Compostos Orgânicos , Compostos de Enxofre/administração & dosagem , Minerais na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Compostos Inorgânicos
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