Contribution to the knowledge of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae) attracted to carcasses in Piura, Peru

Despite being the most diverse family of flies found in carcasses and corps in the Neotropical Region, Sarcophagidae is still underestimated in Peru. This research was developed in the Department of Piura, Northern Peru and we identify the flesh flies captured on two kinds of animal carcasses: dog and guinea pigs. As a result, a new record was documented for Peru: Blaesoxipha (Gigantotheca) plinthopyga (Wiedemann, 1830) and eight new records for the Department of Piura.(AU)

First report of Peckia (Squamatodes) ingens (Walker, 1849) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) colonizing human corpse in the Neotropical region

We report a case of male corpse colonization found inside a residence in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba, Brazil. The body was found in the gaseous stage of decomposition and was colonized by fly larvae. We reared the larvae collected at the crime scene on a temperature-controlled. We supplied beef as a feeding substrate for the larvae until adult emergence to allow taxonomic identification. Three specimens of Peckia (Squamatodes) ingens emerged in the laboratory. Thus, we present the first record of the flesh-fly Peckia (S.) ingens colonizing a human corpse in Neotropical region, updating the list of species with forensic potential. In addition, information on the total time of the species development and the implications of these findings for the consolidation of forensic entomology in the Northeast region were discussed.(AU)

Postmortem interval estimation with Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) and Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Colombia / Estimación del intervalo post mortem con Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) y Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae) en Colombia

Insects attracted to cadavers can be used to estimate postmortem interval (PMI). In this study, inmature stages and adults of Dermestes maculatus and Chrysomya albiceps were collected in association with a human cadaver in a closed aquatic environment in Caquetá, Colombia, and analyzed to determine the PMI. We also conducted an experiment with a pig carcass to estimate the emersion time, which began three days after carcass submersion. The minimum PMI was 481.5 hours. Time of death, time of emersion and period of insect activity matched the actions of the murder suspects, who confessed to murdering the victim 25 days prior to the discovery of the body.(AU)

Los insectos atraídos a cadáveres pueden ser usados para estimar el intervalo post mortem (IPM). En este estudio, una muestra de estados inmaduros y adultos de Dermestes maculatus y Chrysomya albiceps fueron recolectados en asociación con un cadáver humano en un ambiente cerrado y acuático en Caquetá, Colombia, y analizada para determinar el IPM. Además, se condujo un experimento con un cadáver porcino para estimar el tiempo de emersión, que comenzó tres días después de la sumersión del cadáver. El IPM mínimo fue 481.5 horas. El tiempo de muerte, tiempo de emersión y el periodo de actividad insectil coincidieron con las acciones de los sospechosos del crimen, quienes confesaron haber asesinado a la víctima 25 días antes del descubrimiento del cadáver.(AU)

First list of parasitoids in flies of medical, veterinary, and forensic importance in Rio Grande do Sul Brazil

Abstract Necrophagous flies are of great importance for human and animal health. In places where their development occurs, parasitoids can be used as a tool to control these dipterans. In Brazil, the fauna of these parasitoids has been investigated in some regions. However, in Rio Grande do Sul, it is known the occurrence of only one species. Thus, this study aimed to create the first list of parasitoids in flies of medical and veterinary importance in Southern Brazil. Collections took place in the municipality of Pelotas (31º 42 S; 52º 18 W). Three replicates consisting of a 500 g bovine liver chunk placed in a tray were exposed to open air for 20 days. Then pupae were individualized and observed until their emergence. We identified 4,882 adult flies of Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae. 4,040 parasitoids emerged, belonging to eight species, of which Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis, and Tachinephagus zealandicus are new records in Rio Grande do Sul state. Also, three undescribed species of the genus Aphaereta were collected. In spite of being the first attempt to inventory the fauna of hymenopteran parasitoids, this study may help in the development of management programs of these dipterans in the region.

Resumo Moscas necrófagas possuem grande importância para a sanidade humana e animal. Onde estas se desenvolvem ocorrem parasitoides que podem ser utilizados como ferramentas para o controle desses dípteros. No Brasil, a fauna desses parasitoides vem sendo investigada em algumas regiões e no Rio Grande do Sul é conhecida a ocorrência de apenas uma espécie. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi criar a primeira lista de espécies de parasitoides de moscas de importância médica e veterinária ocorrentes no extremo sul do Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas no município de Pelotas (31º 42 S; 52º 18 O). Foram montadas três réplicas de bandejas contendo, cada uma, 500 g de fígado bovino, expostas ao ar livre durante 20 dias. Na sequência, as pupas foram individualizadas e observadas até a emergência. Foram identificados 4.882 adultos pertencentes às famílias Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae. Emergiram 4.040 parasitoides, pertencentes a oito espécies, das quais Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis e Tachinephagus zealandicus são novas ocorrências para o Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletadas três espécies ainda não descritas do gênero Aphaereta. Apesar de ainda ser um primeiro esforço de inventariar a fauna de himenópteros parasitoides, este estudo pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de programas de manejos desses dípteros na região.

First list of parasitoids in flies of medical, veterinary, and forensic importance in Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil / Primeira lista de parasitoides em moscas de importância médica, veterinária e forense no Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil

Necrophagous flies are of great importance for human and animal health. In places where their development occurs, parasitoids can be used as a tool to control these dipterans. In Brazil, the fauna of these parasitoids has been investigated in some regions. However, in Rio Grande do Sul, it is known the occurrence of only one species. Thus, this study aimed to create the first list of parasitoids in flies of medical and veterinary importance in Southern Brazil. Collections took place in the municipality of Pelotas (31º 42' S; 52º 18' W). Three replicates consisting of a 500 g bovine liver chunk placed in a tray were exposed to open air for 20 days. Then pupae were individualized and observed until their emergence. We identified 4,882 adult flies of Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae. 4,040 parasitoids emerged, belonging to eight species, of which Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis, and Tachinephagus zealandicus are new records in Rio Grande do Sul state. Also, three undescribed species of the genus Aphaereta were collected. In spite of being the first attempt to inventory the fauna of hymenopteran parasitoids, this study may help in the development of management programs of these dipterans in the region.

Moscas necrófagas possuem grande importância para a sanidade humana e animal. Onde estas se desenvolvem ocorrem parasitoides que podem ser utilizados como ferramentas para o controle desses dípteros. No Brasil, a fauna desses parasitoides vem sendo investigada em algumas regiões e no Rio Grande do Sul é conhecida a ocorrência de apenas uma espécie. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi criar a primeira lista de espécies de parasitoides de moscas de importância médica e veterinária ocorrentes no extremo sul do Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas no município de Pelotas (31º 42' S; 52º 18' O). Foram montadas três réplicas de bandejas contendo, cada uma, 500 g de fígado bovino, expostas ao ar livre durante 20 dias. Na sequência, as pupas foram individualizadas e observadas até a emergência. Foram identificados 4.882 adultos pertencentes às famílias Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae. Emergiram 4.040 parasitoides, pertencentes a oito espécies, das quais Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis e Tachinephagus zealandicus são novas ocorrências para o Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletadas três espécies ainda não descritas do gênero Aphaereta. Apesar de ainda ser um primeiro esforço de inventariar a fauna de himenópteros parasitoides, este estudo pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de programas de manejos desses dípteros na região.

First list of parasitoids in flies of medical, veterinary, and forensic importance in Rio Grande do Sul Brazil / Primeira lista de parasitoides em moscas de importância médica, veterinária e forense no Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil

Necrophagous flies are of great importance for human and animal health. In places where their development occurs, parasitoids can be used as a tool to control these dipterans. In Brazil, the fauna of these parasitoids has been investigated in some regions. However, in Rio Grande do Sul, it is known the occurrence of only one species. Thus, this study aimed to create the first list of parasitoids in flies of medical and veterinary importance in Southern Brazil. Collections took place in the municipality of Pelotas (31º 42' S; 52º 18' W). Three replicates consisting of a 500 g bovine liver chunk placed in a tray were exposed to open air for 20 days. Then pupae were individualized and observed until their emergence. We identified 4,882 adult flies of Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae. 4,040 parasitoids emerged, belonging to eight species, of which Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis, and Tachinephagus zealandicus are new records in Rio Grande do Sul state. Also, three undescribed species of the genus Aphaereta were collected. In spite of being the first attempt to inventory the fauna of hymenopteran parasitoids, this study may help in the development of management programs of these dipterans in the region.(AU)

Moscas necrófagas possuem grande importância para a sanidade humana e animal. Onde estas se desenvolvem ocorrem parasitoides que podem ser utilizados como ferramentas para o controle desses dípteros. No Brasil, a fauna desses parasitoides vem sendo investigada em algumas regiões e no Rio Grande do Sul é conhecida a ocorrência de apenas uma espécie. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi criar a primeira lista de espécies de parasitoides de moscas de importância médica e veterinária ocorrentes no extremo sul do Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas no município de Pelotas (31º 42' S; 52º 18' O). Foram montadas três réplicas de bandejas contendo, cada uma, 500 g de fígado bovino, expostas ao ar livre durante 20 dias. Na sequência, as pupas foram individualizadas e observadas até a emergência. Foram identificados 4.882 adultos pertencentes às famílias Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae. Emergiram 4.040 parasitoides, pertencentes a oito espécies, das quais Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis e Tachinephagus zealandicus são novas ocorrências para o Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletadas três espécies ainda não descritas do gênero Aphaereta. Apesar de ainda ser um primeiro esforço de inventariar a fauna de himenópteros parasitoides, este estudo pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de programas de manejos desses dípteros na região.(AU)

First list of parasitoids in flies of medical, veterinary, and forensic importance in Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil / Primeira lista de parasitoides em moscas de importância médica, veterinária e forense no Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil

Necrophagous flies are of great importance for human and animal health. In places where their development occurs, parasitoids can be used as a tool to control these dipterans. In Brazil, the fauna of these parasitoids has been investigated in some regions. However, in Rio Grande do Sul, it is known the occurrence of only one species. Thus, this study aimed to create the first list of parasitoids in flies of medical and veterinary importance in Southern Brazil. Collections took place in the municipality of Pelotas (31º 42' S; 52º 18' W). Three replicates consisting of a 500 g bovine liver chunk placed in a tray were exposed to open air for 20 days. Then pupae were individualized and observed until their emergence. We identified 4,882 adult flies of Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae. 4,040 parasitoids emerged, belonging to eight species, of which Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis, and Tachinephagus zealandicus are new records in Rio Grande do Sul state. Also, three undescribed species of the genus Aphaereta were collected. In spite of being the first attempt to inventory the fauna of hymenopteran parasitoids, this study may help in the development of management programs of these dipterans in the region.

Moscas necrófagas possuem grande importância para a sanidade humana e animal. Onde estas se desenvolvem ocorrem parasitoides que podem ser utilizados como ferramentas para o controle desses dípteros. No Brasil, a fauna desses parasitoides vem sendo investigada em algumas regiões e no Rio Grande do Sul é conhecida a ocorrência de apenas uma espécie. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi criar a primeira lista de espécies de parasitoides de moscas de importância médica e veterinária ocorrentes no extremo sul do Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas no município de Pelotas (31º 42' S; 52º 18' O). Foram montadas três réplicas de bandejas contendo, cada uma, 500 g de fígado bovino, expostas ao ar livre durante 20 dias. Na sequência, as pupas foram individualizadas e observadas até a emergência. Foram identificados 4.882 adultos pertencentes às famílias Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae. Emergiram 4.040 parasitoides, pertencentes a oito espécies, das quais Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis e Tachinephagus zealandicus são novas ocorrências para o Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletadas três espécies ainda não descritas do gênero Aphaereta. Apesar de ainda ser um primeiro esforço de inventariar a fauna de himenópteros parasitoides, este estudo pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de programas de manejos desses dípteros na região.

Veterinary forensic necropsies: a look through an aspect of forensic traumatology

Forensic veterinary pathology is essential to identify the cause of death of animals with suspicion of abuse, neglect, exogenous intoxication, medical errors, if the lesions were accidental or ante-mortem or in cases where the animal’s identity is needed. It involves several areas that can be used to determine the cause of death in animals, such as traumatology, entomology and toxicology. This work aims to determine the main lesions found in judicial necropsies of animals from the metropolitan region of Belém, qualifying the most prevalent lesions according to the classification in forensic traumatology. The necropsy was performed according to the animal species and using the method of Ghon. The animals were grouping by specie, sex, race and age and it was made a segmentation by vulnerable energy. 33 judicial necropsies (9.06%) were performed between January 2018 and December 2019, including 22 canines (66.7%), seven felines (21.2%), two farm animals (6.1%) and two wild animals (6.1%). Regarding the sex of the animals, in general, 51.51% were males and 45.45% were females. Young dogs and cats represented the highest percentage of cases. Mixed breed dogs were the most prevalent, with 31.8%. In all species, the most prevalent energy was chemical energy, totalling 18 cases. Second, with six cases, mechanical trauma with only canines and felines, in which, only in three were evident the blunt injury. In only one case, the suspicion was of biodynamic energy, with suggestive findings. In conclusion, the forensic necropsy associated with the animal’s history is capable of providing relevant information which assists the pathologist in the search for injuries, its identification and interpretation.

Veterinary forensic necropsies: a look through an aspect of forensic traumatology

Forensic veterinary pathology is essential to identify the cause of death of animals with suspicion of abuse, neglect, exogenous intoxication, medical errors, if the lesions were accidental or ante-mortem or in cases where the animals identity is needed. It involves several areas that can be used to determine the cause of death in animals, such as traumatology, entomology and toxicology. This work aims to determine the main lesions found in judicial necropsies of animals from the metropolitan region of Belém, qualifying the most prevalent lesions according to the classification in forensic traumatology. The necropsy was performed according to the animal species and using the method of Ghon. The animals were grouping by specie, sex, race and age and it was made a segmentation by vulnerable energy. 33 judicial necropsies (9.06%) were performed between January 2018 and December 2019, including 22 canines (66.7%), seven felines (21.2%), two farm animals (6.1%) and two wild animals (6.1%). Regarding the sex of the animals, in general, 51.51% were males and 45.45% were females. Young dogs and cats represented the highest percentage of cases. Mixed breed dogs were the most prevalent, with 31.8%. In all species, the most prevalent energy was chemical energy, totalling 18 cases. Second, with six cases, mechanical trauma with only canines and felines, in which, only in three were evident the blunt injury. In only one case, the suspicion was of biodynamic energy, with suggestive findings. In conclusion, the forensic necropsy associated with the animals history is capable of providing relevant information which assists the pathologist in the search for injuries, its identification and interpretation.(AU)

Diversity of Diptera species associated with pig carcasses in a Brazilian city exposed to high rates of homicide

Abstract Cities in northeastern Brazil experience extreme rates of unsolved homicides, a situation that stimulates innovative procedures in the police work, such as forensic entomology. We surveyed necrophagous insects associated with carrion in a city exposed to high rates of homicides in Northeastern Brazil. The experiments were carried out in a rainforest fragment located in Recife, State of Pernambuco. Two pig carcasses were used as models, one in the dry and the other in the rainy season. The collection of adults was performed daily until the complete skeletonization of the carcasses. At least 32 Diptera species from the families Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae, Fanniidae, Phoridae, Anthomyiidae, Piophilidae, and Stratiomyidae were registered, some of which have been previously documented on cadavers. A high richness of Diptera species was registered in all stages of decomposition. A strong overlap in the occurrence of most species was observed, which invalidates a defined entomological succession on the carcasses. Two species stood out in terms of abundance: Ophyra chalcogaster (Muscidae) and Chrysomya albiceps (Calliphoridae). The ubiquity of Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Calliphoridae) seems to confirm its preference for forest fragments exposed to low anthropogenic action. Our data contribute to expand the knowledge on the geographical distribution of forensically relevant species in the region and confirm the rapid dissemination of invasive Chrysomya species in forested areas.

Osteophagia by Nasutitermes guayanae (Blattodea: Isoptera: Termitidae) on human bone remains in the Andean Amazon, Caquetá, Colombia

RESUMEN Presentamos el primer reporte de Nasutitermes guayanae alimentándose de restos óseos humanos encontrados en un área urbana del município de Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia, en el Piedemonte Amazónico colombiano. El registro indica una expasión en la dieta de esas térmitas. La observación sugiere que la asociación de N. guayanae con cuerpos en descomposición puede ser una posible herramienta para la estimación de intervalos postmortem.

ABSTRACT We present the first report of Nasutitermes guayanae feeding on human bone remains found in an urban area of the municipality of Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia, in the Colombian Amazon piedmont. The record indicates an expansion in the diet of these termites. The observation suggests that the association of N. guayanae with decomposing bodies may be a possible tool for the estimation of postmortem intervals.

Diversity of Diptera species associated with pig carcasses in a Brazilian city exposed to high rates of homicide

Cities in northeastern Brazil experience extreme rates of unsolved homicides, a situation that stimulates innovative procedures in the police work, such as forensic entomology. We surveyed necrophagous insects associated with carrion in a city exposed to high rates of homicides in Northeastern Brazil. The experiments were carried out in a rainforest fragment located in Recife, State of Pernambuco. Two pig carcasses were used as models, one in the dry and the other in the rainy season. The collection of adults was performed daily until the complete skeletonization of the carcasses. At least 32 Diptera species from the families Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae, Fanniidae, Phoridae, Anthomyiidae, Piophilidae, and Stratiomyidae were registered, some of which have been previously documented on cadavers. A high richness of Diptera species was registered in all stages of decomposition. A strong overlap in the occurrence of most species was observed, which invalidates a defined entomological succession on the carcasses. Two species stood out in terms of abundance: Ophyra chalcogaster (Muscidae) and Chrysomya albiceps (Calliphoridae). The ubiquity of Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Calliphoridae) seems to confirm its preference for forest fragments exposed to low anthropogenic action. Our data contribute to expand the knowledge on the geographical distribution of forensically relevant species in the region and confirm the rapid dissemination of invasive Chrysomya species in forested areas.

Diversity of Diptera species associated with pig carcasses in a Brazilian city exposed to high rates of homicide

Cities in northeastern Brazil experience extreme rates of unsolved homicides, a situation that stimulates innovative procedures in the police work, such as forensic entomology. We surveyed necrophagous insects associated with carrion in a city exposed to high rates of homicides in Northeastern Brazil. The experiments were carried out in a rainforest fragment located in Recife, State of Pernambuco. Two pig carcasses were used as models, one in the dry and the other in the rainy season. The collection of adults was performed daily until the complete skeletonization of the carcasses. At least 32 Diptera species from the families Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae, Fanniidae, Phoridae, Anthomyiidae, Piophilidae, and Stratiomyidae were registered, some of which have been previously documented on cadavers. A high richness of Diptera species was registered in all stages of decomposition. A strong overlap in the occurrence of most species was observed, which invalidates a defined entomological succession on the carcasses. Two species stood out in terms of abundance: Ophyra chalcogaster (Muscidae) and Chrysomya albiceps (Calliphoridae). The ubiquity of Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Calliphoridae) seems to confirm its preference for forest fragments exposed to low anthropogenic action. Our data contribute to expand the knowledge on the geographical distribution of forensically relevant species in the region and confirm the rapid dissemination of invasive Chrysomya species in forested areas.(AU)

Osteophagia by Nasutitermes guayanae (Blattodea:Isoptera: Termitidae) on human bone remains in theAndean Amazon, Caquetá, Colombia / Osteofagia por Nasutitermes guayanae (Blattodea, Isoptera, Termitidae)sobre restos óseos humanos en la Amazonia Andina, Caquetá, Colombia

We present the first report of Nasutitermes guayanae feeding on human bone remains found in an urban area of the municipality of Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia, in the Colombian Amazon piedmont. The record indicates an expansion in the diet of these termites. The observation suggests that the association of N. guayanae with decomposing bodies may be a possible tool for the estimation of postmortem intervals.

Presentamos el primer reporte de Nasutitermes guayanae alimentándose de restos óseos humanos encontrados en un área urbana del município de Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia, en el Piedemonte Amazónico colombiano. El registro indica una expasión en la dieta de esas térmitas. La observación sugiere que la asociación de N. guayanae con cuerpos en descomposición puede ser una posible herramienta para la estimación de intervalos postmortem.

Osteophagia by Nasutitermes guayanae (Blattodea:Isoptera: Termitidae) on human bone remains in theAndean Amazon, Caquetá, Colombia / Osteofagia por Nasutitermes guayanae (Blattodea, Isoptera, Termitidae)sobre restos óseos humanos en la Amazonia Andina, Caquetá, Colombia

We present the first report of Nasutitermes guayanae feeding on human bone remains found in an urban area of the municipality of Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia, in the Colombian Amazon piedmont. The record indicates an expansion in the diet of these termites. The observation suggests that the association of N. guayanae with decomposing bodies may be a possible tool for the estimation of postmortem intervals.(AU)

Presentamos el primer reporte de Nasutitermes guayanae alimentándose de restos óseos humanos encontrados en un área urbana del município de Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia, en el Piedemonte Amazónico colombiano. El registro indica una expasión en la dieta de esas térmitas. La observación sugiere que la asociación de N. guayanae con cuerpos en descomposición puede ser una posible herramienta para la estimación de intervalos postmortem.(AU)

Desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Chrysomya putoria (Calliphoridae) em carne equina e sua importância para a entomologia e veterinária forenses / [Post embryonic development of Chrysomya putoria (Calliphoridae) using horse meat and its importance for forensic entomology and veterinary]

Devido à importância médica, veterinária, ambiental e forense do califorídeo Chrysomya putoria (Diptera), foi avaliado o desempenho apresentado por estágios imaturos criados em carne de cavalo. Os espécimes foram colocados em câmaras aclimatizadas reguladas a 30 ºC, 60 ± 10% UR e 14 horas de fotofase. Os estágios larval e pupal concluíram seu desenvolvimento em 4,16 e 4,12 dias, respectivamente. As larvas pós-alimentação e pupas com 24h de idade pesaram, em média, 58,06 e 40,10mg, respectivamente. As taxas de emergência registradas foram de 65% nas condições experimentais propostas. Como os compostos orgânicos voláteis são diferentes na decomposição de um animal para outro, este trabalho e outros realizados com a mesma dieta são os mais apropriados para estimativa de intervalo post mortem envolvendo cavalos.(AU)

Due to medical, veterinary, environmental and forensic importance of the calliphorid Chrysomya putoria (Diptera), the performance presented by immature stages, reared on horse meat, was evaluated. The specimens were placed in acclimatized chambers regulated at 30 ºC, 60 ± 10% RU and 14 hours of photo phase. The larval and pupal stages completed their development in 4, 16 and 4, 12 days, respectively. Post-feeding larvae and aged 24h pupae weight on average 58, 06 and 40, 10 mg, respectively. The emergence rates recorded were 65% under the experimental conditions proposed. As volatile organic compounds are different in the decomposition of one animal to another, this work and others carried out with the same diet are the most appropriate for estimating post-mortem interval involving horses.(AU)

Abundância e flutuação populacional do gênero Chrysomya (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) durante as fases de decomposição da carcaça de Sus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758) na região Nordeste do Brasil / Abundance and population fluctuation of the genus Chrysomya (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) during the decomposition stages of the carcass of Sus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Northeastern region of Brazil

As espécies do gênero Chrysomya (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Diptera: Calliphoridae, são conhecidas vulgarmente como moscas-varejeiras. Elas são importantes do ponto de vista epidemiológico, como vetores de microorganismos, porém desempenham papéis fundamentais para os processos ecológico e de importância forense. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a abundância e flutuação populacional do gênero Chrysomya durante as fases de decomposição da carcaça de Sus scrofa em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no Extremo Sul da Bahia. Utilizou-se um pernil de porco com aproximadamente 3 kg alocado na armadilha do tipo Shannon modificada. Foram realizadas nove coletas, distribuídas em quatro fases (fresca, gasosa, coliquativa e esquelética) de decomposição da carcaça de outubro a novembro de 2015. Foram identificadas 1299 moscas pertencentes a quatro espécies da família Calliphoridae: Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1830), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) e Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775). O genêro Chrysomya foi mais abundante na fase gasosa. C. albiceps foi a espécie mais abundante, frequente e considerada dominante, apresentando correlação positiva com a quantidade de massa de putrilagem e negativa com presença de esqueleto na carcaça. As abundâncias das espécies C. megacephala e C. putoria não tiveram correlação com nenhum dos fatores analisados, com exceção da massa de putrilagem, que teve uma correlação positiva com C. putoria. Portanto, C. albiceps foi a espécie mais representativa e esteve presente ao longo de praticamente todo o processo de decomposição. De modo geral, o estágio de decomposição mais atrativo para as espécies deste gênero de Diptera foi o gasoso. Em contraposição, no estágio de esqueletização não houve a presença das mesmas...

The species of the genus Chrysomya (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Diptera: Calliphoridae are commonly known as blow flies. They are important from the epidemiological point of view, as vectors of microorganisms, but they play key roles in ecological and forensic processes. Thus, the objective was to know the abundance and population fluctuation of the genus Chrysomya during the stages of decomposition of the carcass of Sus scrofa in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in the Extreme South of Bahia. A pork shank of approximately 3 kg was allocated to a modified Shannon-type trap. Nine samples were collected, distributed in four phases (fresh, gaseous, coliquative and skeletal) of decay of the carcass from October to November of 2015. A total of 1299 flies were identified from four species of the Calliphoridae family: Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1830), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) e Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775). The genus Chrysomya was more abundant in the gas phase. C. albiceps was the most abundant species, frequent and considered dominant. It had a positive correlation with the amount of putrid mass, and a negative correlation with presence of skeleton in the carcass. C. megacephala and C. putoria had no correlation with any of the factors analyzed, except for the amount of putrid mass, that had a positive correlation with this last species. Therefore, C. albiceps was the most representative species and was present throughout almost the entire decomposition process. It also points out that the gaseous was the most attractive decomposition stage for the species of this genus of Diptera. In contrast, in the skeletonization stage these species were absent. In addition, it was evidenced that the internal temperature and the internal humidity had little influence to attract the Chrysomia, being the putrid mass an important factor to attract two of the three species of the genus analyzed in this work.

Abundância e flutuação populacional do gênero Chrysomya (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) durante as fases de decomposição da carcaça de Sus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758) na região Nordeste do Brasil / Abundance and population fluctuation of the genus Chrysomya (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) during the decomposition stages of the carcass of Sus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Northeastern region of Brazil

As espécies do gênero Chrysomya (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Diptera: Calliphoridae, são conhecidas vulgarmente como moscas-varejeiras. Elas são importantes do ponto de vista epidemiológico, como vetores de microorganismos, porém desempenham papéis fundamentais para os processos ecológico e de importância forense. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a abundância e flutuação populacional do gênero Chrysomya durante as fases de decomposição da carcaça de Sus scrofa em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no Extremo Sul da Bahia. Utilizou-se um pernil de porco com aproximadamente 3 kg alocado na armadilha do tipo Shannon modificada. Foram realizadas nove coletas, distribuídas em quatro fases (fresca, gasosa, coliquativa e esquelética) de decomposição da carcaça de outubro a novembro de 2015. Foram identificadas 1299 moscas pertencentes a quatro espécies da família Calliphoridae: Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1830), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) e Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775). O genêro Chrysomya foi mais abundante na fase gasosa. C. albiceps foi a espécie mais abundante, frequente e considerada dominante, apresentando correlação positiva com a quantidade de massa de putrilagem e negativa com presença de esqueleto na carcaça. As abundâncias das espécies C. megacephala e C. putoria não tiveram correlação com nenhum dos fatores analisados, com exceção da massa de putrilagem, que teve uma correlação positiva com C. putoria. Portanto, C. albiceps foi a espécie mais representativa e esteve presente ao longo de praticamente todo o processo de decomposição. De modo geral, o estágio de decomposição mais atrativo para as espécies deste gênero de Diptera foi o gasoso. Em contraposição, no estágio de esqueletização não houve a presença das mesmas...(AU)

The species of the genus Chrysomya (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Diptera: Calliphoridae are commonly known as blow flies. They are important from the epidemiological point of view, as vectors of microorganisms, but they play key roles in ecological and forensic processes. Thus, the objective was to know the abundance and population fluctuation of the genus Chrysomya during the stages of decomposition of the carcass of Sus scrofa in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in the Extreme South of Bahia. A pork shank of approximately 3 kg was allocated to a modified Shannon-type trap. Nine samples were collected, distributed in four phases (fresh, gaseous, coliquative and skeletal) of decay of the carcass from October to November of 2015. A total of 1299 flies were identified from four species of the Calliphoridae family: Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1830), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) e Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775). The genus Chrysomya was more abundant in the gas phase. C. albiceps was the most abundant species, frequent and considered dominant. It had a positive correlation with the amount of putrid mass, and a negative correlation with presence of skeleton in the carcass. C. megacephala and C. putoria had no correlation with any of the factors analyzed, except for the amount of putrid mass, that had a positive correlation with this last species. Therefore, C. albiceps was the most representative species and was present throughout almost the entire decomposition process. It also points out that the gaseous was the most attractive decomposition stage for the species of this genus of Diptera. In contrast, in the skeletonization stage these species were absent. In addition, it was evidenced that the internal temperature and the internal humidity had little influence to attract the Chrysomia, being the putrid mass an important factor to attract two of the three species of the genus analyzed in this work.(AU)

Insects of forensic importance associated to cadaveric decomposition in a rural area of the Andean Amazon, Caquetá, Colombia / Insetos de importância forense associados à decomposição cadavérica em uma área rural na Amazônia Andina, Caquetá, Colômbia

Forensic entomology is a frequently used tool to estimate the time interval between death and the discovery of the corpse. Succession of arthropods associated with cadaveric decomposition was monitored in a rural area of the Municipality of Florencia, Department of Caquetá, Colombia. Three pigs (Sus scrofa) were used as study models. Insect sampling, and monitoring of carcasses and environmental conditions were carried out every five hours. The total time from death to skeletonization was of 545 hours (22.7 days). A total of 30833 insect individuals were collected. Specimens were distributed in nine orders, 46 families, 95 genera and 106 species. Diptera was the most abundant, with 23215 individuals (75.3%), followed by Coleoptera, with 3711 individuals (12%), and Hymenoptera, with 3154 individuals (10.2%). Immature stages of Cochliomyia macellaria, Chrysomya albiceps, Hemilucilia semidiaphana and Ophyra aenescens were the main species involved in tissue consumption and acceleration of the decomposition process. Due to the presence of ants Cheliomyrmex sp., Camponotus sp. and Dinoponera sp., and coleopterans Hister sp., Acylophorus sp. and Philonthus spp., it was not possible to obtain sufficient Diptera egg masses for rearing the colonizing species. These results can be used as a standard to determine the postmortem interval in criminal investigations in the rural area of the Andean Amazon, Caquetá, Colombia.(AU)

A entomologia forense é uma ferramenta frequentemente utilizada para estimar o intervalo de tempo entre a morte e a descoberta do corpo. Na área rural do município de Florencia, Caquetá, foi monitorada a sucessão de artrópodes associados à decomposição cadavérica, utilizando como modelo de estudo os cadáveres de três porcos (Sus scrofa). A amostragem de insetos e coleta de dados ambientais foram realizadas a cada cinco horas. A duração total do processo desde a morte até a esqueletização foi de 545 horas (22,7 dias). Foram coletados 30833 espécimes de insetos, distribuídos em nove ordens, 46 famílias, 95 gêneros e 106 espécies. Diptera foi o grupo mais representativo, com 23215 indivíduos (75,3%), seguido de Coleoptera, com 3711 indivíduos (12%) e Hymenoptera, com 3154 indivíduos (10,2%). Os estágios imaturos de Cochliomyia macellaria, Chrysomya albiceps, Hemilucilia semidiaphana e Ophyra aenescens foram as principais espécies envolvidas no consumo de tecidos e na aceleração do processo de decomposição. Devido à presença de formigas Cheliomyrmex sp., Camponotus sp. e Dinoponera sp. e de besouros Hister sp., Acylophorus sp. e Philonthus spp., não foi possível obter massas de ovos de Diptera suficientes para a criação de espécies colonizadoras. Nosso estudo fornece subsídios para determinar o intervalo post-mortem em investigações policiais e promover a entomologia forense em uma área rural da Amazônia Andina na Colômbia.(AU)

Muscidae (Diptera) of medico-legal importance associated with ephemeral organic substrates in seasonally dry tropical forests

Muscidae (Diptera) comprises one of the most important taxa in medical, veterinary and forensic entomology, especially due to their association with decomposing carcasses and cadavers. Yet, knowledge on their distribution and behaviour is still incipient in several biomes, which is the case of dry tropical forests. This study aimed to evaluate the attractiveness of different organic substrates to species of Muscidae in areas of seasonally dry forests (Caatinga) in Northern Brazil. Sampling was carried out in five Caatinga areas between 2015 and 2017, using suspended traps baited with bovine spleen, fish or human faeces. When all samplings were combined, 3,176 adults of nine species were collected. The assemblages of muscids had higher richness and abundances on bovine spleen, which attracted 66% of all specimens, when compared to the other substrates. Musca domestica was the most abundant species, and it was dominant in assemblages associated with spleen and fish. Assemblages attracted to spleen and fish had higher similarity, differing from those associated with faeces. Differences in food attractiveness are presented for species of medical interest as pathogen vectors (e.g., Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp, 1883)) and of forensic relevance as colonizers of human corpses (e.g., Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830).(AU)