Resumo
Varos tibial é um desvio angular decorrente do fechamento precoce parcial da linha fisária de crescimento do osso, levando a um desalinhamento articular com apoio e sobrecarga anormais, causando, secundariamente, osteoartrite, claudicação, luxação de patela, dor e problemas articulares. Neste relato, uma cadela da raça dachshund foi diagnosticada com tal afecção bilateralmente. Foi observado um desvio de ambos os membros posteriores aos 6 meses de idade. A confirmação da deformidade varo foi feita por meio do exame radiográfico e, posteriormente, foi realizada a tomografia e estereolitografia para o planejamento da cirurgia para correção do desvio angular, utilizando a metodologia de correção para desvio angular, denominada de técnica do centro de rotação da angulação (CORA) fechada, removendo uma cunha do osso para a correção da deformidade. A cirurgia foi bem-sucedida, apresentando bons resultados conformacionais, evoluindo sem complicações.(AU)
Tibial pes varus is an angular deviation resulting from the early partial closure of the physeal line of bone growth, leading to joint misalignment with abnormal support and overload, secondarily causing osteoarthritis, claudication, patellar dislocation, pain, among other joint problems. In this report, a female Dachshund canine was diagnosed with this condition bilaterally in the tibias. It was observed a deviation of both hind limbs at 6 months of age. Confirmation of the varus deformity was made through radiographic examination, and later computed tomography and stereolithography were performed to plan the surgery to correct bilateral angular deviation of the tibia, using the angular deviation technique (CORA) closed, removing a wedge from the bone to correct the deviation angular. The surgery was successful, and the angular deviation was correctly corrected, presenting good results to the animal, without complications.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Pé Torto/diagnóstico , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , CãesResumo
O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi identificar a ocorrência de fraturas apendiculares em cães e gatos, os métodos de tratamento e os resultados obtidos com os mesmos, no Hospital Veterinário (HV) da Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Unijuí), no município de Ijuí - RS, no período de abril de 2013 a abril de 2022. De um total de 370 procedimentos cirúrgicos para tratamento de fraturas do esqueleto apendicular, 117 foram em fêmur (31,6%), 77 em tíbia e fíbula (20,8%), 62 em rádio e ulna (16,8%), 49 em úmero (13,2%), 45 em pelve (12,2%), 7 em metatarso e metacarpo (1,9%), 7 em tarso e carpo (1,9%), 4 em escápula (1,1%) e 2 em falanges (0,5%). O número de procedimentos foi superior ao número de animais, pois alguns apresentavam mais de uma fratura em diferentes ossos. Entre os 329 animais reportados neste estudo, concluiu-se que a principal causa de fraturas em cães e gatos foi atropelamento, sendo os filhotes os mais acometidos e as fraturas femorais as mais frequentes. Os fixadores esqueléticos externos destacaram-se como o método mais utilizado e o desfecho das osteossínteses foi satisfatório, sendo que a maior casuística correspondeu a fraturas cicatrizadas.
This retrospective study aimed to identify the occurrence of appendicular fractures in dogs and cats, treatment methods, and results obtained with them, at the Veterinary Hospital (VH) of the Regional University of the Northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Unijuí), in the city of Ijuí/RS, from April 2013 to April 2022. A total of 370 surgical procedures for the treatment of fractures of the appendicular skeleton was performed: 117 were in the fêmur (31,6%), 77 in the tíbia and fíbula (20,8%), 62 in the radius and ulna (16,8%), 49 in the humerus (13,2%), 45 in pélvis (12,2%), 7 in metatarsus and metacarpus (1,9%), 7 in tarsus and carpus (1,9%), 4 in the scapula (1,1%), and 2 in phalanges (0,5%). The number of procedures was higher than the number of animals, as some had more than one fracture in different bones. Among the 329 animals reported in this study, it was concluded that the main cause of fractures in dogs and cats was being run over, puppies were the most affected, and femoral fractures were the most frequent. External skeletal fixators stood out as the most used method and the outcome of osteosynthesis was satisfactory, with the largest number of cases corresponding to healed fractures.
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cães , Próteses e Implantes/veterinária , Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Fraturas Ósseas/veterinária , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterináriaResumo
A anta-sul-americana (Tapirus terrestris) é um mamífero de grande porte que habita áreas florestadas com abundância de água. É uma espécie bem representada em zoológicos e centros de triagem e de fácil adaptação ao ambiente artificial. Os problemas veterinários mais comuns em antas são lesões dermatológicas, oculares. em sistema musculoesquelético e, em menor proporção, problemas dentários. Objetivou-se relatar um caso de osteossintese em maxila superior de uma anta do sexo masculino de sete anos de idade, mantida sob cuidados humanos em um zoológico, com fratura da porção rostral maxilar. A metodologia de escolha para o tratamento foi a fixação interdentaria com flo de aço para coaptação dos fragmentos da fratura, seguida de ferulização para estabilização dos focos fraturários. Modificou- se a dieta para não sobrecarregar a força mastigatória durante o processo de cicatrização óssea. Após 120 dias, o animal foi submetido a nova anestesia para avaliação radiográfica e remoção dos implantes da osteossintese, apresentando boa recuperação e sendo incorporado ao grupo.(AU)
The lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) is a large mammal that inhabits. forested areas with abundance of water. It is well represented species in zoos and rescue centers and is easily adapted to the artificial environment. The most common veterinary problems in tapirs appear in skin, eye, musculoskeletal system and, to a lesser occurrence, teeth. The objective of this report is to present a case of osteosynthesis in the upper jaw of a seven-year-old male tapir, kept under human care in a zoo, with fracture of the rostral maxillary portion. The methodology of choice for the treatment was interdental fixation with steel wire, for coaptation of the fracture fragments, followed by splinting to stabilize the fracture foci. The diet was modified, to avoid overloading the masticatory force during the bone healing process. After 120 days, the animal underwent a new anesthesia for radiographic evaluation and removal of the osteosynthesis implants, showing good recovery and being incorporated into the group.(AU)
La danta brasilenä (Tapirus terrestris) es un grande mamifero que habita en zonas boscosas con abundancia de agua. Es una especie bien representada en zoológicos y centros de rescates y se adapta fácilmente al ambiente artificial. Los problemas veterinarios más comunes en los tapires son lesiones en piel, ojos y el sistema musculoesquelético y, en menor ocurrencia, los problemas dentales. El objetivo fue reportar un caso de osteosintesis en la mandíbula superior de un tapir macho de siete años, con fractura de la porción maxilar rostral, mantenido bajo cuidado humano en un zoológico. La metodologia de elección para el tratamiento fue el uso de ligadura interdental con alambre de acero para coaptación de los fragmentos de fractura, seguida de ferulización para estabilizar el foco de fractura. Se modificó la dieta para no sobrecargar la fuerza masticatoria durante el proceso de cicatrización osea. Después de 120 dias, el animal fue sometido a una nueva anestesia para evaluación radiográfica y retiro de los implantes de osteosintesis, mostrando buena recuperación e incorporándose al grupo.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Perissodáctilos/cirurgia , Consolidação da Fratura , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Fraturas Maxilares/cirurgia , Animais de Zoológico/cirurgiaResumo
The surgical clinic of wild animals has increased in routine veterinary, where fractures by traumas are of frequent occurrence. This study determined the surgical accesses for osteosynthesis of the diaphyses of the humerus, radius and ulna of common sloth (Bradypus variegatus). Seven cadavers of B. variegatus were used for determination of the muscles of the thoracic limb, as well as the most important vessels and nerves, and better bone area for fixation of internal implants. The structural conformation of the radius and ulna in Bradypus variegatus were like those described in the literature for domestic animals but the humerus presented differences in the distal extremity because it was flattened. The musculature of Bradypus variegatus showed similarities with domestic animals. Due the different conformation of the humerus the surgical access to this bone can be performed by lateral approach, from the incision of M. triceps brachii lateral head, for fixation of the implant on the lateral side of the bone. Surgical access to the radius shaft can be performed by craniolateral approach, by incising the muscular fascia and separation of the cranially M. common digital extensor, and lateral digital extensor caudally. In ulna, a caudal access to the bone can be performed followed by release of the insertion m. flexor carpoulnar for placement of the internal implant on the lateral bone face.
A clínica cirúrgica de animais silvestres tem se intensificado na rotina veterinária, onde fraturas por traumas são frequentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi a determinação de acessos cirúrgicos para osteossíntese das diáfises do úmero, rádio e ulna de preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus). Sete cadáveres de B. variegatus foram utilizados para determinação dos músculos do membro torácico, bem como dos vasos e nervos mais importantes, e melhor área óssea para fixação de implantes internos. A conformação estrutural do rádio e da ulna em B. variegatus eram similares às descritas na literatura para animais domésticos, o úmero apresentou diferenças na extremidade distal pois apresentou-se achatado. A musculatura de B. variegatus mostrou semelhanças com os animais domésticos. Devido à diferente conformação do úmero o acesso cirúrgico a este osso pode ser realizado por abordagem lateral, a partir da incisão do M. tríceps braquial cabeça lateral, para fixação do implante na face lateral do osso. O acesso cirúrgico à diáfise do rádio pode ser realizado por abordagem craniolateral, por incisão da fáscia muscular e separação cranialmente do M. extensor digital comum e extensor digital lateral caudalmente. Na ulna, pode-se realizar um acesso caudal ao osso seguido de liberação da inserção do M. flexor carpoulnar para colocação do implante interno na face lateral do osso.
Assuntos
Animais , Fraturas do Rádio/veterinária , Bichos-Preguiça/anatomia & histologia , Fraturas da Ulna/veterinária , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Fraturas do Úmero/veterináriaResumo
Background: Disorders of the locomotor system are among the main treatments for this species, among the main causes are falls from a cage, arms or stairs and aggression by animals, such as dogs and cats. Biological osteosynthesis promotes early formation of secondary bone callus and allows a less accurate reconstruction of difficult interfragmentary apposition of 100% of the fragments. The objective of this work is to report the method of external immobilization with an aluminum channel aiming at the use of bone biology for the healing of unexposed tibial fractures in 3 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Cases: Between 2020 and 2021, 3 cases of rabbits with unexposed tibial fractures were treated at the Veterinary Hospital. The 3 patients were diagnosed through physical examination and radiographic examination. All patients underwent anesthesia, underwent external immobilization with an aluminum channel, received analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, and recommended rest and care with the maintenance of external immobilization. Approximately at 30 days of rigid immobilization, all cases were evaluated by means of radiographic examination revealing the formation of bone callus at different post-immobilization times in the case 1 - 30 days, case 2 - 23 days and case 3 - 37 days. Discussion: Some surgical principles in rabbits must be followed, such as preserving vascularity if the open technique is decided, providing adequate diet, controlling edema, promoting analgesia and deciding on closed reduction if the fracture is recent and stable. The external coaptation method is a non-invasive method for the treatment of fractures and is also indicated with a high success rate for fractures of metacarpal, metatarsal and phalange bones in rabbits. The patient's age contributed to the early healing, which corroborates with case 1 (3-month-old), case 2 (6-month-old) and a little later the healing in case 3 (24-month-old), allowing unrestricted use of the member. It is worth reinforcing the point of view which defends that "biological osteosynthesis" promotes a favorable environment, especially in the preservation of the vascular supply of the periosteum when compared to traditional open surgical approaches. In this species, the surgical approach is a challenge due to the fact that the bones break or crack very easily, because the bones have a low density and higher mineral composition. Together, the skeleton represents 7% of the body weight, lower when compared to dogs and cats, which is 12%. In addition to these factors, rabbits are prone to secondary fractures, postoperative infections and rapid development of osteomyelitis, which significantly worsens the prognosis. The aluminum used in the manufacture of the aluminum channel has properties that offer resistance, lightness and radio transparency radiographic examination without removal of the channel, avoiding excessive micro-movement of the focus of the fracture due to lack of stabilization and possible refracture of the tibia. Rigid external immobilization with an aluminum channel was satisfactory in the 3 patients evaluated and preserved bone biology and anatomical axis. The treatment of choice was easy to apply, in addition to enabling better radiographic follow-up, promoting rapid bone healing for patients and early use of limbs without restrictions. However, for the effectiveness of the technique, the collaboration of tutors is essential.
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Fraturas da Tíbia/reabilitação , Fraturas da Tíbia/veterinária , Consolidação da Fratura , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodosResumo
A ocorrência de fraturas é comum em cães e gatos, principalmente as ocasionadas por atropelamento. Diante disso, um estudo retrospectivo de cães e gatos atendidos entre abril de 2013 e abril de 2020 no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul foi realizado. O estudo teve como objetivo identificar a prevalência das fraturas apendiculares, a etiologia e o tratamento. De um total de 222 animais, 197 (88,7%) eram cães e 25 (11,3%) eram gatos, os quais apresentaram 254 fraturas apendiculares. Quanto às fraturas, os seguintes resultados foram observados: 86 fraturas de fêmur (33,9%), 58 fraturas de tíbia e fíbula (22,8%), 24 fraturas da pelve (9,4%), 39 fraturas do rádio e da ulna (15,4%), 40 fraturas do úmero (15,7%), 3 fraturas de escápula (1,2%), 3 fraturas de metatarso (1,2%) e 1 fratura de metacarpo (0,4%). Os animais mais afetados foram os cães: machos (n=100; 57,8%), com idade de até três anos (n=123; 62,4%), sem raça definida (n=95; 45%), de porte pequeno (n=123; 62,4%). Desta forma, conclui-se que o perfil de animais com fraturas apendiculares da Região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul é: cães machos, sem raça definida, jovens, de pequeno porte, sendo que o fêmur foi o osso mais acometido devido a acidentes automobilísticos.
The occurrence of fractures is common in dogs and cats, especially those caused by being run over. Therefore, a retrospective study of dogs and cats attended between April 2013 and April 2020 at the Veterinary Hospital of the Regional University of the Northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul was carried out. The study aimed to identify the prevalence of appendicular fractures, the etiology, and the treatment. Among 222 animals, 197 (88.7%) were dogs and 25 (11.3%) were cats, which presented 254 appendicular fractures. Regarding the fractures, the following results were observed: 86 fractures of femur (33.9%), 58 fractures of tibia and fibula (22.8%), 24 fractures of pelvis (9.4%), 39 fractures of radius and ulna (15.4%), 40 fractures of humerus (15.7%), 3 fractures of scapular (1.2%), 3 fractures of metatarsal (1.2%), and 1 fracture of metacarpal (0.4%). The most affected animals were dogs: male (n = 100; 57.8%), aged up to three years (n=123; 62.4%), mixed breed (n=95; 45%), small size (n=123; 62.4%). In conclusion, the animals profile with appendicular fractures of the Northwest Region of Rio Grande do Sul is: male dogs, mixed breed, young, small, and with femur as the most affected bone due to automobile accidents.
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cães , Fraturas Ósseas/veterinária , Fraturas do Fêmur/epidemiologia , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Estudos Transversais/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos RetrospectivosResumo
Background: Pelvic fractures are commonly ecountered in cats. The ilium is included in approximately 50% of pelvic fractures in cats. Although conservative management of the pelvic fracture is known to have good prognosis, surgical fixation is recommended for the pelvic fracture with ilial fractures. 3D printing is an accurate digital modeling method by converting two-dimensional (2D) images into 3D model. 3D printing in veterinary medicine has been described in the various orthopedic diseases such angular limb deformities or fractures. The use of 3D model for presurgical planning is helpful to improve the results of complex surgical interventions. The objective of this study is to identify the usefulness of fabricating 3D models based on allogenic 2D data with aid of 3D printer program. Case: A 4-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented with hindlimb lameness. Radiography revealed left ilial body fracture with multiple fractures including left tuber ischium, pubic symphysis, and bilateral cranial ramuses of pubis. Digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) files of the complete ilium were extracted from a computed tomography (CT) scan of a healthy and castrated male cat of same breed. Volume rendering images were prepared by Slicer program based on DICOM files. After acquired 3D data were converted to STL (Standard Triangulation Language) file for the 3D printing machine, non-fracture involved area was removed except the left ilium using the Meshmixer® software and then data was stored as STL files again. The length of 3D model was adjusted to actual size using 3D printer firmware based on actual size of the ilial length. Subsequently, 3D modelling was performed using 3D printer. The plate was precontoured to conform to the lateral surface of the 3D model. Internal fixation using precontoured plate resulted in accurate bone alignment. The alignment of the ilium remained appropriate throughtout the follow-up period. Complete union was identified 6 months after surgery. Discussion: Although the most common method for the ilial fractures is the application of bone plates to the lateral side of the ilium, bone plate fixation is more challenging in cats owing to the small bone size and small surface area of the fracture sites compared to dogs. Therefore, it is important to make accurate presurgical planning for successful result of a surgery. 3D printing based on actual patient have several limitations including time for complete printing process and additional anesthetic episode to acquire CT images. However, in simple cases, a presurgical CT scan may not be necessary if the plate can be precisely precontured based on the data from the other patient. In this way, the additional financial burden for CT examination also might be reduced. On the other hand, technical difficulty of utilizing hardware and software, and financial availability were another drawback. However, in this current study, most of limitations regarding conventional 3D printing based on actual patient were overcome by the application of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology with allogenic data. In the current study, total time for fabrication of 3D model based on FDM technology, was less than 3 h, which are much shorter than the time for conventional 3D printing. The difference of the ilial length between the actual patient and the 3D model was adjusted through the firmware program. Thus, differences of the conformation or size between the 3D model and the ilium of the patient was negligible during the surgery, although 2D images were not acquired from actual patient. Intraoperative contouring of the plate was not required. In conclusion, through presurgical plate contouring by the 3D bone template based on non-patient specific data, successful treatment of the ilial fracture was possible.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gatos , Ossos Pélvicos/cirurgia , Transplante Homólogo/veterinária , Impressão Tridimensional , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Ílio/lesões , Ossos Pélvicos/lesõesResumo
ABSTRACT Purpose To develop a segmental tibial bone defect model for tissue engineering studies in veterinary orthopedics using single locking compression plate (LCP) fixation and cast immobilization. Methods A 3-cm bone defect was created in the right tibia of 18 adult Suffolk sheep. A 10-hole, 4.5-mm LCP was applied to the dorsomedial aspect of the bone. Four locking screws were inserted into the proximal and three into the distal bone fragment. Operated limbs were immobilized with casts. Animals were submitted to stall rest, but were allowed to bear weight on the operated limb. During the recovery period, animals were checked daily for physiological parameters, behavior and lameness. Follow-up radiographs were taken monthly. Results Surgical procedures and postoperative recovery were uneventful. Animals adapted quickly to casts and were able to bear weight on the operated limb with no signs of discomfort or distress. No clinical or radiographic complications were detected over a 90-day follow-up period. Conclusions Surgical creation of tibial segmental bone defects followed by fixation with single LCP and cast immobilization was deemed a feasible and appropriate model for veterinary orthopedic research in tissue engineering.
Assuntos
Animais , Fraturas Ósseas , Fixação Interna de Fraturas , Placas Ósseas , Parafusos Ósseos , Ovinos , Engenharia TecidualResumo
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bridge plating of simple tibial fractures in dogs by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO). Medical and radiographic records of twenty-nine dogs with simple tibial fractures that underwent bridge fixation by MIPO were retrospectively evaluated. The clinical outcome was classified considering the presence of lameness at the end of the treatment. The tibial mechanical joint angles were measured and compared with the values described in the literature. Additionally, fragment apposition and implant disposition were evaluated. Based on the modified Radiographic Union Scale for Tibial fractures, the moment of clinical union was determined. Clinically, at the end of treatment, only one patient presented lameness at a trot. While there was no significant difference between the bone alignment in the frontal plane values and the values described in the literature (P>0.05), the caudal proximal tibial angle was significantly higher (P=0.001). The median fragment apposition was considered acceptable. The average bridge plate ratio, plate working length, and plate screw density were 0.8, 0.57, and 0.48, respectively. The median time to clinical union was 30 days. Bridge plating in simple tibial fractures resulted in fast healing and low complication rates.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar a efetividade da estabilização em ponte de fraturas tibiais simples em cães utilizando-se a técnica de osteossíntese minimamente invasiva com placa (MIPO). Registros médicos e radiográficos de 29 cães com fraturas simples de tíbia, fixadas em ponte por meio da MIPO, foram retrospectivamente avaliados. O resultado clínico foi classificado com base na deambulação ao final do tratamento. Os ângulos articulares mecânicos da tíbia foram aferidos e comparados aos valores descritos na literatura. Adicionalmente, foram avaliadas a aposição dos fragmentos e a disposição dos implantes. Por meio da escala modificada de união radiográfica para fraturas de tíbia, determinou-se o momento de união clínica. Clinicamente, ao final do tratamento, apenas um animal apresentou claudicação ao trote. Não houve diferença significativa entre o alinhamento ósseo no plano frontal quando comparado com dados da literatura (P>0,05), enquanto, no plano sagital, o ângulo mecânico caudal proximal da tíbia foi significativamente maior (P=0,001). A mediana para aposição dos fragmentos foi considerada aceitável. As médias para relação placa em ponte, comprimento de trabalho da placa e densidade de parafusos da placa foram, respectivamente, 0,8; 0,57 e 0,48. A mediana para união clínica foi de 30 dias. A estabilização em ponte de fraturas tibiais simples resultou em rápida consolidação óssea, com baixas taxas de complicação.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Fraturas da Tíbia/veterinária , Consolidação da Fratura , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Radiografia/veterináriaResumo
An infant black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya), aged approximately three months, presented with a transverse fracture of the distal third of the right humeral shaft underwent surgical treatment using a plate-rod construct. A 1.00-mm diameter intramedullary pin was used in a retrograde fashion to reduce both the fracture and plate stress. The plate-rod construct was a seven-hole 1.5-mm veterinary cuttable plate, which was installed following the principles of biological osteosynthesis. The animal presented no pain in the postoperative exams and used the limb normally. Bone consolidation was observed for eighth weeks after surgery, showing that the treatment was effective.
Um filhote de bugio preto (Alouatta caraya), com aproximadamente três meses de idade, apresentando uma fratura transversa do terço distal da diáfise umeral, foi submetido a tratamento cirúrgico através da utilização de uma placa de reconstrução com função ponte associada a um pino intramedular. Um pino intramedular de 1,00mm de diâmetro foi utilizado de maneira retrógrada para auxiliar na redução da fratura e para diminuir o estresse sobre a placa. A placa utilizada foi uma de reconstrução de 1,5mm e, para sua colocação, seguiu-se os princípios da osteossíntese biológica. Em todas as avaliações pós-operatórias, o animal não demonstrava dor e utilizava o membro normalmente. Observou-se consolidação óssea na oitava semana após a cirurgia, mostrando que o tratamento utilizado foi eficaz.
Assuntos
Animais , Alouatta/anatomia & histologia , Alouatta/cirurgia , Fixação Intramedular de Fraturas/veterinária , Fraturas do Úmero/cirurgia , Fraturas do Úmero/veterinária , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Placas Ósseas/veterináriaResumo
An infant black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya), aged approximately three months, presented with a transverse fracture of the distal third of the right humeral shaft underwent surgical treatment using a plate-rod construct. A 1.00-mm diameter intramedullary pin was used in a retrograde fashion to reduce both the fracture and plate stress. The plate-rod construct was a seven-hole 1.5-mm veterinary cuttable plate, which was installed following the principles of biological osteosynthesis. The animal presented no pain in the postoperative exams and used the limb normally. Bone consolidation was observed for eighth weeks after surgery, showing that the treatment was effective.(AU)
Um filhote de bugio preto (Alouatta caraya), com aproximadamente três meses de idade, apresentando uma fratura transversa do terço distal da diáfise umeral, foi submetido a tratamento cirúrgico através da utilização de uma placa de reconstrução com função ponte associada a um pino intramedular. Um pino intramedular de 1,00mm de diâmetro foi utilizado de maneira retrógrada para auxiliar na redução da fratura e para diminuir o estresse sobre a placa. A placa utilizada foi uma de reconstrução de 1,5mm e, para sua colocação, seguiu-se os princípios da osteossíntese biológica. Em todas as avaliações pós-operatórias, o animal não demonstrava dor e utilizava o membro normalmente. Observou-se consolidação óssea na oitava semana após a cirurgia, mostrando que o tratamento utilizado foi eficaz.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Alouatta/anatomia & histologia , Alouatta/cirurgia , Fraturas do Úmero/cirurgia , Fraturas do Úmero/veterinária , Fixação Intramedular de Fraturas/veterinária , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Placas Ósseas/veterináriaResumo
The treatment of fractures from the thoracic limb in giant anteaters is extremely challenging. Unfamiliar and peculiar anatomical characteristics, robust musculature and the imminent need for an early return to limb function highlight such challenges. The objective of this report was to describe the successful use of anatomical osteosynthesis with a robust locking compression plate in a humeral fracture of an adult giant anteater. The patient was rescued on the highway after being run over and presented for treatment at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Surgical stabilization was performed using a craniomedial approach to the humerus, using a customized broad 3.5mm locking compression plate. The patient presented early limb support at 24 hours postoperatively. Radiographic monitoring was performed at 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively, and bone healing was observed without any complications. It is concluded that the treatment of humerus fractures in giant anteaters requires robust fixation. The use of a reinforced locking compression plate system proved to be effective and adequate to the mechanical load that an adult individual of this species needs for early use of the thoracic limb and, at the same time, efficient in controlling interfragmentary movement, which allowed fracture consolidation.(AU)
O tratamento das fraturas do membro torácico dos tamanduás-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) é extremamente desafiador. Características anatômicas pouco familiares e peculiares, musculatura muito desenvolvida e necessidade iminente de retorno precoce à função do membro destacam tais desafios. Objetivou-se, neste relato, descrever a utilização com sucesso da osteossíntese anatômica com placa bloqueada robusta em fratura umeral de um tamanduá-bandeira. O paciente foi resgatado em rodovia após atropelamento e atendido no Hospital Veterinário Universitário. Após sedação e avaliação física completa, foi realizado exame radiográfico, o qual revelou fratura completa oblíqua curta em diáfise média de úmero esquerdo. A estabilização cirúrgica foi realizada por abordagem craniomedial ao úmero, utilizando-se placa bloqueada (LCP) do sistema 3,5mm customizada. O paciente apresentou apoio precoce do membro com 24 horas de pós-operatório. Realizou-se acompanhamento radiográfico aos 30, 60 e 90 dias, sendo observada união clínica sem quaisquer complicações. Conclui-se que o tratamento das fraturas do úmero em tamanduás-bandeira exige robustez na fixação. A utilização de sistema reforçado de placa bloqueada mostrou-se efetiva e adequada à carga mecânica de que um indivíduo adulto dessa espécie necessita para uso precoce do membro torácico e, ao mesmo tempo, eficiente no controle da movimentação interfragmentária, o qual permitiu consolidação da fratura.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Consolidação da Fratura , Eutérios/cirurgia , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Fraturas do Úmero/cirurgia , Fraturas do Úmero/veterinária , Placas Ósseas/veterinária , Animais Selvagens/cirurgiaResumo
Background: The giant anteater is considered a species vulnerable to trauma due to being slow and, therefore, vulnerable to long bone fractures, such as femoral fracture. Locking plates have the potential to restore and maintain fractured bone stability, as well as reduce damage to the vascular supply. This study aims at reporting cases of two giant anteaters subjected to femoral osteosynthesis using locking plates. Cases: Two giant anteaters presenting non-weight bearing lameness on the right pelvic limbs were evaluated, diagnosed with femoral fracture of unknown etiology and submitted to osteosynthesis. A clinical evaluation was performed under chemical restraint for the adult animal and physical restraint for the young one. Crepitation and swelling in the right femur topography led to a radiographic examination, which showed a complete and transverse diaphyseal fracture of the right femur in both cases. The first one was an adult male and was subjected to osteosynthesis of the right femur using a locking plate. Once anesthetized, the animal was placed in left lateral recumbency, and the right pelvic limb was clipped and sterilized. A craniolateral incision was made to expose the femoral diaphysis. A large amount of fibrous-looking tissue was found and removed. Subsequently, the fracture was reduced and the locking plate system was positioned on the craniolateral side of the femur. An osteotomy of the femoral trochanteric crest was required to position the implant. The overlying fascia lata was closed using monofilament suture in a simple continuous pattern. The closure of the subcutaneous tissue and skin was performed using a Cushing pattern and simple interrupted pattern, respectively. Immediate postoperative radiographic examinations showed fracture reduction and bone axis alignment, with a properly positioned implant. The surgical wound was cleaned daily with 0.5% aqueous chlorhexidine solution. Seven days after surgery, the animal had a partial dehiscence at the suture site, with bone and plate exposure. Wound healing by second intention was initiated. At 127 days after surgery, a radiographic examination showed periosteal bone proliferation in the middle third of the right femur and that the bone implants were well-positioned. The second case was of a young 3.68 kg female anteater. The surgery was performed as described for the adult one, but there was no fibrosis at the fracture site and the osteotomy of the femoral trochanteric crest was not required. Closure of the fascia lata, subcutaneous tissue, and skin was performed as in Case 1. An immediate postoperative radiographic examination showed fracture reduction, bone axis alignment, and a properly positioned implant. The surgical wound was cleaned daily with 0.5% aqueous chlorhexidine solution. On the day of the surgery, the animal could already bear weight on its right pelvic limb, presenting discrete lameness with gradual improvement. Twenty-three days after surgery, a radiographic examination showed moderate periosteal bone proliferation in the middle third of the right femur. The bone implant was still well-positioned and bone healing was achieved around the 40th post-operative day. Discussion: The cases are very similar, but the younger anteater's femoral trochanteric crest didn't prevent positioning the plate. The fibrosis observed on the adult specimen is indicative of a chronic fracture, which may explain, in conjunction with the post-surgical complications, the longer time required for bone healing in the adult animal. Even so, both animals recovered fully and it's safe to deduce that the locking plate is an adequate option for internal fixation in transverse diaphyseal femoral fractures in both adult and young giant anteaters.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Fraturas do Fêmur/cirurgia , Fraturas do Fêmur/veterinária , Eutérios/lesões , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Placas Ósseas/veterinária , Animais Selvagens/cirurgiaResumo
Purpose To evaluate clinical outcome following minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) associated with percutaneous transplantation of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) at the tibial fracture site in dogs. Methods Thirty-six dogs presenting with nonarticular complete tibial fracture were included in this study. All fractures were treated by the same MIPO technique. The animals were divided in group 1 (n = 20) received a percutaneous application of 3 × 106 AD-MSC at the fracture site and group 2 (n = 16) did not receive any adjuvant treatment. Postoperative radiographic examinations were made at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. Results Fifty-eight percent of the patients were classified as skeletally immature. The median weight of the animals was 18.8 kg. The mean radiographic union time differed statistically between the AD-MSC group (28.5 days) and the control group (70.3 days). Sixty percent of dogs in group 1 and 56.25% of the group 2 were considered immature. Conclusions The use of allogeneic AD-MSC cell therapy and MIPO is a safe, viable and effective technique for promoting bone healing in nonarticular tibial fractures in dogs.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Lesões do Menisco Tibial/veterinária , CicatrizaçãoResumo
Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) associated to cranial wedge closing ostectomy (CCWO) has been one of the best options to manage cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease and excessive tibial plateau angle (TPA) in large dogs, however, the complication rate is potentially high. It is believed that a more robust fixation is necessary to stabilize them and decrease the risk of implant failure. A 6-year-old male American Pit Bull, weighing 36kg, with 90-day history of right hind limb lameness, was diagnosed with CCL disease. Due to the excessive tibial plateau angle (42°), TPLO was associated with a modified CCWO using a double plating technique. A final TPA of 12° was accomplished, and a restricted level of exercises and physiotherapy were recommended. The patient was followed monthly until the fifth month postoperatively, when radiographic bone consolidation and no lameness were observed. By the date of this submission, 3 years after the procedure, the owner has reported no complications. The double plating technique for fixing TPLO and modified CCWO proved to be effective for the treatment of CrCL deficiency in a large dog with an excessive TPA.(AU)
A osteotomia de nivelamento do platô tibial (TPLO) associada à ostectomia modificada em cunha de fechamento cranial da tíbia (CCWO) tem sido uma das melhores opções para tratamento de cães grandes com doença do ligamento cruzado cranial (DLCCr) e ângulo excessivo do platô tibial, mas o índice de complicações é alto. Acredita-se haver necessidade de fixação mais robusta para reduzir as chances de falha nos implantes. Um cão macho, seis anos, da raça American Pit Bull, 36kg, com histórico de claudicação em membro pélvico direito há 90 dias, foi diagnosticado com DLCCr. Devido ao ângulo excessivo do platô tibial (42°), a osteotomia de nivelamento do platô tibial foi associada à ostectomia modificada em cunha de fechamento cranial da tíbia (CCWO) por meio da técnica de placa dupla. No pós-operatório imediato, identificou-se TPA de 12°; exercícios controlados e fisioterapia foram recomendados e a evolução do quadro foi analisada mensalmente até o quinto mês pós-cirurgia. Com 150 dias de evolução, não houve alterações de locomoção e havia ocorrido completa consolidação radiográfica das osteotomias. Até o momento da submissão deste artigo, três anos pós-procedimento, o tutor relata ausência de complicações, via contato telefônico. Portanto, a técnica modificada mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento da DLCCr.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Tíbia/cirurgia , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/veterinária , Osteotomia/veterinária , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterináriaResumo
Background: The metacarpal/metatarsophalangeal joints, as well as the suspensory apparatus, are usually affected by injuries, due to the intense physical demand during sports and great range of motion, predisposing to degenerative processes,trauma and rupture of the suspensory apparatus. In this case, arthrodesis is the main technique indicated. Such surgicaltechniques have a poor prognosis due to post-surgical complications, such as implant infection. Therefore, the study ofprocedures that promote better joint stabilization is important, with reduced surgical time and tissue exposure, decreasingsignificantly the chance of infection and other possible complications.Case: A 5-year-old male horse was referred to the hospital with a history of trauma and a lacerating wound in the metatarsalplantar region of the left hindlimb. The animal presented grade IV (I-V) claudication of the left hindlimb with hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint and significant pain on palpation, evidencing the rupture of the superficial, deep digitalflexor tendons and suspensory ligament of the fetlock. The initial surgical treatment was performed using the arthrodesistechnique described by [16]. The intramedullary nail was used with fixation of the plate on the plantar face of the first phalanx together with a single plate fused to the pin, adjusted according to size of the first phalanx, 13 mm thick x 15 cm long,forming an angle between 120º and 140º. Twenty-four h after surgery, there was a simple spiral diaphyseal fracture (typeA), in the middle third of the third metatarsal bone in the region of the proximal end, due to the lever held by the short nailagainst the diaphysis cortex. To treat the complication, an intramedullary 316 L surgical steel rod 13 mm thick x 21 cm longwas used, filling the entire spinal canal. The nail had three holes at the proximal end and two holes at the distal end...
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Artrodese/veterinária , Cavalos/cirurgia , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Ossos do Metatarso/lesõesResumo
Background: The metacarpal/metatarsophalangeal joints, as well as the suspensory apparatus, are usually affected by injuries, due to the intense physical demand during sports and great range of motion, predisposing to degenerative processes,trauma and rupture of the suspensory apparatus. In this case, arthrodesis is the main technique indicated. Such surgicaltechniques have a poor prognosis due to post-surgical complications, such as implant infection. Therefore, the study ofprocedures that promote better joint stabilization is important, with reduced surgical time and tissue exposure, decreasingsignificantly the chance of infection and other possible complications.Case: A 5-year-old male horse was referred to the hospital with a history of trauma and a lacerating wound in the metatarsalplantar region of the left hindlimb. The animal presented grade IV (I-V) claudication of the left hindlimb with hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint and significant pain on palpation, evidencing the rupture of the superficial, deep digitalflexor tendons and suspensory ligament of the fetlock. The initial surgical treatment was performed using the arthrodesistechnique described by [16]. The intramedullary nail was used with fixation of the plate on the plantar face of the first phalanx together with a single plate fused to the pin, adjusted according to size of the first phalanx, 13 mm thick x 15 cm long,forming an angle between 120º and 140º. Twenty-four h after surgery, there was a simple spiral diaphyseal fracture (typeA), in the middle third of the third metatarsal bone in the region of the proximal end, due to the lever held by the short nailagainst the diaphysis cortex. To treat the complication, an intramedullary 316 L surgical steel rod 13 mm thick x 21 cm longwas used, filling the entire spinal canal. The nail had three holes at the proximal end and two holes at the distal end...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cavalos/cirurgia , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Ossos do Metatarso/lesões , Artrodese/veterináriaResumo
Atropelamentos de animais silvestres são frequentes e muitas vezes causam fraturas ósseas que, se não tratadas adequadamente, levam à morte do animal por complicações ou por inabilidade de sobrevivência no seu habitat natural. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar o uso de placa associada ao pino intramedular e ao biovidro 60S (BV60S) para o tratamento de fratura de fêmur em tamanduá-bandeira. O animal foi resgatado pela polícia ambiental com suspeita de atropelamento. Foi sedado para avaliação clínica e radiográfica, que revelou fratura em fêmur direito. Utilizou-se dexmedetomidina como medicação pré-anestésica, midazolam e cetamina para indução, e isoflurano para manutenção. Também foi realizado bloqueio peridural com bupivacaína e morfina. A osteossíntese foi feita com placa bloqueada 2,7 e pino intramedular 2,5. Colocaram-se 4g de BV60S no foco de fratura para favorecer a osteogênese. O paciente teve recuperação funcional imediata do membro acometido. A reparação óssea ocorreu por segunda intenção, observando-se ossificação completa do calo com consolidação clínica, aos 30 dias, e remodelação quase completa, aos 180 dias. Conclui-se que o uso de placa e pino associado ao BV60S é eficiente no tratamento de fratura de fêmur em tamanduá, permitindo a rápida recuperação e a reintrodução do animal na natureza.(AU)
Roadblocks of wild animals are frequent and often cause bone fractures that if not properly treated lead to the death of the animal due to complications or inability to survive in its natural habitat. The objective of the present study was to report the use of plate rod and bioglass 60S (BG60S) for the treatment of femoral fracture in anteater. The animal was rescued by environmental police on suspicion of being hit. It was sedated for clinical and radiographic evaluation, which revealed a fracture in the right femur. Dexmedetomidine was used as preanesthetic medication, midazolam and ketamine for induction, and isoflurane for maintenance. Epidural blockade with bupivacaine and morphine was also performed. Osteosynthesis was done with a locking plate 2.7 and 2.5 intramedullary pin. 4G of BG60S was placed in the focus of fracture to favor osteogenesis. The patient had immediate functional recovery of the affected limb. The bone repair occurred by second intention, with complete ossification of the callus with clinical consolidation at 30 days, and near complete remodeling at 180 days. It is concluded that the use of plate rod to the BG60S is efficient in the treatment of femur fracture in anteater, allowing the rapid recovery and reintroduction of the animal in the wild.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Xenarthra/cirurgia , Fraturas do Fêmur/veterinária , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Osteogênese/fisiologia , Materiais Biocompatíveis/uso terapêutico , Fraturas Ósseas , Anestesia por Condução/veterináriaResumo
Atropelamentos de animais silvestres são frequentes e muitas vezes causam fraturas ósseas que, se não tratadas adequadamente, levam à morte do animal por complicações ou por inabilidade de sobrevivência no seu habitat natural. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar o uso de placa associada ao pino intramedular e ao biovidro 60S (BV60S) para o tratamento de fratura de fêmur em tamanduá-bandeira. O animal foi resgatado pela polícia ambiental com suspeita de atropelamento. Foi sedado para avaliação clínica e radiográfica, que revelou fratura em fêmur direito. Utilizou-se dexmedetomidina como medicação pré-anestésica, midazolam e cetamina para indução, e isoflurano para manutenção. Também foi realizado bloqueio peridural com bupivacaína e morfina. A osteossíntese foi feita com placa bloqueada 2,7 e pino intramedular 2,5. Colocaram-se 4g de BV60S no foco de fratura para favorecer a osteogênese. O paciente teve recuperação funcional imediata do membro acometido. A reparação óssea ocorreu por segunda intenção, observando-se ossificação completa do calo com consolidação clínica, aos 30 dias, e remodelação quase completa, aos 180 dias. Conclui-se que o uso de placa e pino associado ao BV60S é eficiente no tratamento de fratura de fêmur em tamanduá, permitindo a rápida recuperação e a reintrodução do animal na natureza.(AU)
Roadblocks of wild animals are frequent and often cause bone fractures that if not properly treated lead to the death of the animal due to complications or inability to survive in its natural habitat. The objective of the present study was to report the use of plate rod and bioglass 60S (BG60S) for the treatment of femoral fracture in anteater. The animal was rescued by environmental police on suspicion of being hit. It was sedated for clinical and radiographic evaluation, which revealed a fracture in the right femur. Dexmedetomidine was used as preanesthetic medication, midazolam and ketamine for induction, and isoflurane for maintenance. Epidural blockade with bupivacaine and morphine was also performed. Osteosynthesis was done with a locking plate 2.7 and 2.5 intramedullary pin. 4G of BG60S was placed in the focus of fracture to favor osteogenesis. The patient had immediate functional recovery of the affected limb. The bone repair occurred by second intention, with complete ossification of the callus with clinical consolidation at 30 days, and near complete remodeling at 180 days. It is concluded that the use of plate rod to the BG60S is efficient in the treatment of femur fracture in anteater, allowing the rapid recovery and reintroduction of the animal in the wild.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Xenarthra/cirurgia , Fraturas do Fêmur/veterinária , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Osteogênese/fisiologia , Materiais Biocompatíveis/uso terapêutico , Fraturas Ósseas , Anestesia por Condução/veterináriaResumo
Foi atendida, no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Cuiabá, uma coruja suindara (Tyto furcata), resgatada pela Polícia Militar Ambiental, sem histórico, adulta e 400 gramas de peso corporal. A ave apresentava impotência funcional do membro pélvico direito, além de desvio, crepitação e dor na região proximal tibiotársica direita, sem lesão cutânea. Estudo radiográfico revelou fratura diafisária oblíqua curta em tibiotarso direito. A estabilização da fratura foi realizada com placa bloqueada do sistema de 1,5mm, na função de apoio, seis orifícios, com três parafusos monocorticais distais, dois parafusos monocorticais proximais e um parafuso bicortical proximal. Ao 30º dia do pós-operatório, os achados radiográficos de consolidação óssea e o retorno da função do membro permitiram a alta médica. Concluiu-se que o uso de placa bloqueada em função apoio para estabilização de fraturas tibiotársicas simples de coruja suindara oferece resultados satisfatórios.(AU)
An adult suindara owl (Tyto furcata), with no specific history and 400 grams of body weight was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Cuiabá. The patient presented functional impotence in the right pelvic limb, deviation, crepitation and pain in the proximal region in right tibiotarsal, without cutaneous lesions. Radiographs revealed a short oblique diaphyseal fracture at the right tibiotarsus. Fracture stabilization was performed with a 1.5mm locking plate, buttress, six holes; three distal monocortical screws, two proximal monocortical screws and a proximal bicortical screw. On the 30th postoperative day, radiographic revealed bone healing, and the return of limb function allowed medical discharge. It was concluded that the use of locking plates in buttress function to stabilize simple tibiotarsus fractures in suindara owl offers satisfactory results.(AU)