Aural hematomas in small ruminants - clinical features, surgical treatment and outcome

Background: Aural or auricular hematoma is an important and prevalent surgical condition in small animals practice, and commonly reported in companion pets. The condition is characterized by blood accumulation between the pinnae's dermal surface and the underlying perichondrium. In farm animals, most cases present surgical treatment with drainage of serosanguineous fluid from acute cases with clinical evolution ranging from 1 to 5 days. Therefore, the present work reports the clinical features, surgical treatment and outcome of aural hematomas in 3 small ruminants with a chronic evolution (7 to 20 days), detailing the post-surgical complications, such as wound infection and recurrence, and final cosmetic appearance of the pinnae. Cases: Upon physical examination, all animals were alert and presenting a good body condition score. Clinical alteration was restricted to a bilateral (Case 1) or unilateral (Cases 2 & 3) painless, and fluid-filled swelling, presenting doughy consistency masses within the fluid during pinna manipulation. The fluid-filled swellings were located on the concave (Case 1 - left ear & Case 2) and convex (Case 1 - right ear & Case 3) surface of the pinna. No primary pruritic disorders of the pinna were detected, and a diagnosis of traumatic aural hematoma was proposed. Due to the chronicity of the cases, surgical approach was advisable. The small ruminants underwent general anesthesia, and a linear incision over the skin overlying the hematoma was performed (Cases 1 & 2). After removal of blood and fibrin clots, the cavity was flushed and captonated size 0 nylon mattress sutures were performed on either side of the incision, in order to obliterate the dead space. Due to recurrence after 14 days, Case 2 was submitted to a modified surgical approach using a S-shaped incision combined to multiple drainage holes (MDH) using a disposable 6 mm biopsy punch. The same approach has performed in Case 3. Then, size 0 nylon mattress sutures followed by a tight protective pressure and absorbent bandage combined with an Elizabethan collar was applied. Postoperatively, Case 1 presented surgical site infection and the antibiotic was changed after bacterial culture and antibiogram results. Hospital discharge varied from 14 to 19 days' post-surgery. All animals presented some degree of ear retraction and a linear or S-shaped scar on the affected ear, but final cosmetic appearance was satisfactory to all owners. Discussion: Aural or auricular hematomas are a frequent disorder in dogs and cats clinical practice. In sheep, the few reported cases have been associated with pruritic disorders of the pinna, such as ticks infestation and sarcoptic mange. Whilst in goats, traumatic injuries, such as ear tagging and trauma from others goats, are considered the main cause, especially in breeds with pendulous ear. In our cases with chronic evolution (> 7 days), the most important clinical feature was the presence of doughy consistency masses within the fluid, suggesting matured blood and fibrin clots. A linear incision with captonated size 0 nylon mattress sutures was associated to post-surgical complications, such as wound infection and aural hematoma recurrence. Therefore, a S-shaped incision associated to creation of MDH, in order to achieve better drainage, was the chosen approach in the second surgery (Case 2) and on the subsequent patient (Case 3). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report using the MDH approach in farm animals, that appears to be an effective treatment for chronic aural hematomas in small ruminants.

Treatment of chronic immunomediated thrombocytopenia with mesenquimal stem cells in dog: case report / Tratamento de trombocitopenia imunomediada crônica com células-tronco mesenquimais em cão: relato de caso

Immunomediated thrombocytopenia is a systemic metabolic disorder in which the platelet count falls below reference values, as the patient's immune system destroys them. The main clinical signs in thrombocytopenia are petechial, hemorrhages, ecchymoses and suffusions. Hematomas can also occur in coagulation disorders. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings and hematological examinations. The treatment consists of the use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, delaying cell destruction, and may last for months, not always obtaining a cure for the disease. The present work reports the use of therapy with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells, derived from the adipose tissue of dogs, for the treatment of chronic immunomediated thrombocytopenia, with an evolution of more than one year, in a Pinscher dog. The alternative treatment showed a good evolution, keeping platelets within the reference values during the treatment, giving the patient quality of life and removing the need for continuous medication for homeostasis after treatment.

A trombocitopenia imunomediada é uma desordem metabólica sistêmica, na qual a contagem plaquetária fica abaixo dos valores de referência, pois o sistema imunológico do paciente a destrói. O principal sinal clínico na trombocitopenia são hemorragias, petequiais, equimoses e sufusões. Hematomas podem ocorrer também em alterações da coagulação. O diagnóstico baseia-se nos achados clínicos e nos exames hematológicos. O tratamento consiste na utilização de corticosteroides e imunossupressores, o que retarda a destruição celular, mas pode se prolongar por meses, nem sempre obtendo cura da doença. O presente trabalho relata a utilização da terapia com células-tronco mesenquimais alogênicas, oriundas do tecido adiposo de cães, para tratamento de trombocitopenia imunomediada crônica, com evolução de mais de um ano, em um cão da raça Pinscher. O tratamento alternativo revelou boa evolução, pois manteve as plaquetas dentro dos valores de referência durante o tratamento, o que proporcionou qualidade de vida ao paciente e tornou desnecessárias medicações de uso contínuo para a homeostase após o tratamento.

Chronic expanding hematoma secondary to excision of recurrent myxomas in a bitch

Background: Expanding chronic hematoma is a relatively common postoperative complication in humans, not in dogs, nevertheless, is important understand this condition because it may affect the animal's health. A hematoma could be formed within hours and usually stabilizes spontaneously with the reabsorption of its content. However, occasionally the hematoma slowly expands, becomes encapsulated and forms a mass, causing a chronic expanding hematoma. Possibly skin and adipose tissue are displaced secondary to trauma, causing the formation of blood-filled cysts surrounded by a fibrous capsule. The aim of this document is to present the first report of a postsurgical chronic expanding hematoma in dog. Case: A case of chronic expanding hematoma secondary to excision of recurrent myxoma in a bitch was described. Physical examination showed a hard, firm, non-mobile mass enclosed within the deep muscular layers. This mass was between the sternum and the cranial abdomen, similar to previous lesions excised by another veterinarian. Fine needle aspiration indicated the presence of blood. Radiology demonstrated that the bone-cartilage tissue was not involved. Due to the size of the mass, a skin stretching pre-suturing technique using self-adhesive tape was applied around the mass 48 h before surgery. The mass was removed with wide excision margins and portions of the affected muscles, but a large wound with great tension was created; consequently, a parallel to the wound incision and the thoraco-lumbar vertebrae was made. Six months after surgery, the animal presented recurrence of the same lesion, which was also removed. The bleeding times were within the normal range, but the animal was diagnosed with hyperadrenocorticism. After both surgeries histopathological exam revealed a hematoma, that had thrombosis and granulation tissue with fibrosis and severe panniculitis, in addition of multifocal, chronic, moderate lymphohistiocytic myositis; all these changes were compatible with a chronic expanding hematoma. Discussion: Chronic expanding hematoma is a mass that grows slowly secondary to hemorrhage and does not exhibit elements of malignancy. However, it can occasionally be confused for a soft-tissue neoplasm. It has been reported frequently in humans but not in small animals. The first case was reported in 2002: 5 puppies with a cervical hematoma classified as a chronic expanding hematoma was described. In addition, 3 cases were reported: 1 cat with perirenal chronic expanding hematoma; 1 bitch with intra-abdominal presentation, and 1 cat with this pathology on the right pelvic limb after an intramuscular injection. The etiology of chronic expansive hematoma is unidentified in dogs, nevertheless, it is stipulated that is not an inflammatory process as previously assumed, but rather a neoplastic process. As in other cases, it was difficult to determine the origin of the chronic expanding hematoma. The coagulation times and platelets count were within ranges. Similarly, it is very complicated to relate hyperadrenocorticism with chronic expanding hematoma because dogs with Cushing's disease generally present hypercoagulopathies. Myxomas are associated with endocrinopathies in humans and dogs, therefore, hyperadrenocorticism is possibly related with this neoplasia. Myxomas have an expansive growth pattern, contrasting with myxosarcomas, which are infiltrating; Although in the present case the skin mass appeared to be invasive, both macroscopical and histopathological appearance of it corresponded to a well-shaped capsule compatible with chronic expanding hematoma. In summary, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a post-surgical chronic expanding hematoma in a dog.

Occurrence of injuries related to handling in carcasses of beef cattle slaughtered in a slaughterhouse located in the northwest region of the state of São Paulo / Ocorrência de lesões relacionadas ao manejo em carcaças de bovinos de corte abatidos em abatedouro frigorífico localizado na região noroeste do estado de São Paulo

This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of injuries in bovine carcasses slaughtered the northwest of São Paulo, through the quantification of the number of these injuries and their location in the main Brazilian commercial courts. Five ranchers were randomly selected, differentiated by the acronyms PEC A (rancher A), PEC B (rancher B), PEC C (rancher C), PEC D (rancher D) and PEC E (rancher E), which totaled 333 evaluated carcasses. The results showed that the majority of the slaughtered animals were of the Nellore breed and females of different age groups. There was a variation in the fasting period and water diet established for the animals, with the PEC C being the shortest period and in the others the variation was 10 to 16 hours. As for the injuries, it was possible to observe that the greater the distance covered, the greater the percentage of injuries in the half carcasses, with the rear quarter being more affected, especially the thigh, followed by the rump. Factors such as age and duration of transport positively influenced the percentage of injuries and even with the intense discussions and quality programs aimed at the application of animal welfare, the bovine half carcasses analyzed in the present study showed a high incidence of injuries.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de lesões em carcaças bovinas abatidas no Noroeste paulista, por meio da determinação do número destas lesões e sua localização nos principais cortes comerciais brasileiros. Foram selecionados aleatoriamente cinco pecuaristas, diferenciados pelas siglas PEC A (pecuarista A), PEC B (pecuarista B), PEC C (pecuarista C), PEC D (pecuarista D) e PEC E (pecuarista E), que totalizaram 333 carcaças avaliadas. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos animais abatidos eram da raça Nelore e fêmeas de diferentes faixas etárias. Houve uma variação no período de jejum e dieta hídrica estabelecidos aos animais, sendo que o PEC C, foi o menor período (3 horas) e nos demais a variação foi de 10 a 16 horas. Quanto as lesões, foi possível observar que quanto maior a distância percorrida, maior a porcentagem de lesões nas meias carcaças, sendo o quarto traseiro mais acometido, principalmente o coxão, seguido da alcatra. Fatores como idade e duração do transporte influenciaram de forma positiva porcentagem de lesões e mesmo com as intensas discussões e programas de qualidade que visam a aplicação do bem-estar animal, as meias carcaças bovinas analisadas no presente estudo apresentaram alta incidência de lesões.

Manejo pré-abate de bovinos e ocorrência de contusões na carcaça / Pre-slaughter handling of cattle and occurrence of bruising in carcass

Uma carne de qualidade está intrinsecamente relacionada ao bem-estar animal que, por sua vez, depende de um manejo adequado que minimize o estresse durante as várias etapas de pré-abate. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo acompanhar o manejo de bovinos antes do embarque na fazenda até o momento do abate e verificar a ocorrência de hematomas e contusões nas carcaças desses animais. O estudo foi realizado em uma fazenda situada no município de Miranda, no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) e em um abatedouro frigorífico sob Inspeção Federal localizado no município de Anastácio-MS. Durante o período de agosto a outubro de 2017, realizou-se o acompanhamento de bovinos Nelore castrados, de um mesmo lote, desde o embarque dos animais na fazenda até o momento do abate. Dos 100 animais abatidos, 52 (52%) apresentaram hematomas na carcaça. A ocorrência de hematomas nas meias carcaças foi maior no quarto traseiro (66,19%) em comparação com o quarto dianteiro (33,81%). No quarto traseiro foram encontradas lesões na região do vazio e na região do quarto. Quanto ao quarto dianteiro, foram encontradas lesões na região da costela e na região da tábua do pescoço. A implementação do conceito de bem-estar nas práticas de manejo pré-abate e nas instalações da propriedade são necessárias, assegurando a qualidade de vida dos animais, minimizando perdas por lesões e obtendo uma carne de boa qualidade microbiológica, físico-química e sensorial.

Quality meat is intrinsically related to animal welfare, which in turn depends on proper management that minimizes stress during the various pre-slaughter stages. Thus, the central objective of the present study was to follow the cattle before shipment for slaughter and to verify the occurrence of hematomas and bruises on the carcasses of these animals. The study was conducted in a farm located in Miranda, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), and in a slaughterhouse under Federal Inspection in Anastácio-MS. Of the 100 slaughtered animals, 52 (52%) showed bruising on the carcass. The occurrence of hematomas in the half carcasses was higher in the hindquarter (66,19%) compared to the forequarter (33,81%). In the hindquarter, lesions were found in the region of the flank and in the region of the quarter. As for the forequarter, injuries were found in the rib region and in the neck board region. There is a need to implement the concept of welfare within the pre-slaughter handling practices and farm facilities, ensuring the quality of life of the animals, minimizing losses from injuries, and obtaining a meat of good microbiological, physicochemical, and visual quality.

Manejo pré-abate de bovinos e ocorrência de contusões na carcaça / Pre-slaughter handling of cattle and occurrence of bruising in carcass

Uma carne de qualidade está intrinsecamente relacionada ao bem-estar animal que, por sua vez, depende de um manejo adequado que minimize o estresse durante as várias etapas de pré-abate. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo acompanhar o manejo de bovinos antes do embarque na fazenda até o momento do abate e verificar a ocorrência de hematomas e contusões nas carcaças desses animais. O estudo foi realizado em uma fazenda situada no município de Miranda, no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) e em um abatedouro frigorífico sob Inspeção Federal localizado no município de Anastácio-MS. Durante o período de agosto a outubro de 2017, realizou-se o acompanhamento de bovinos Nelore castrados, de um mesmo lote, desde o embarque dos animais na fazenda até o momento do abate. Dos 100 animais abatidos, 52 (52%) apresentaram hematomas na carcaça. A ocorrência de hematomas nas meias carcaças foi maior no quarto traseiro (66,19%) em comparação com o quarto dianteiro (33,81%). No quarto traseiro foram encontradas lesões na região do vazio e na região do quarto. Quanto ao quarto dianteiro, foram encontradas lesões na região da costela e na região da tábua do pescoço. A implementação do conceito de bem-estar nas práticas de manejo pré-abate e nas instalações da propriedade são necessárias, assegurando a qualidade de vida dos animais, minimizando perdas por lesões e obtendo uma carne de boa qualidade microbiológica, físico-química e sensorial.(AU)

Quality meat is intrinsically related to animal welfare, which in turn depends on proper management that minimizes stress during the various pre-slaughter stages. Thus, the central objective of the present study was to follow the cattle before shipment for slaughter and to verify the occurrence of hematomas and bruises on the carcasses of these animals. The study was conducted in a farm located in Miranda, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), and in a slaughterhouse under Federal Inspection in Anastácio-MS. Of the 100 slaughtered animals, 52 (52%) showed bruising on the carcass. The occurrence of hematomas in the half carcasses was higher in the hindquarter (66,19%) compared to the forequarter (33,81%). In the hindquarter, lesions were found in the region of the flank and in the region of the quarter. As for the forequarter, injuries were found in the rib region and in the neck board region. There is a need to implement the concept of welfare within the pre-slaughter handling practices and farm facilities, ensuring the quality of life of the animals, minimizing losses from injuries, and obtaining a meat of good microbiological, physicochemical, and visual quality.(AU)

Corticoterapia intralesional no tratamento de otohematoma em cães / Treating otohematomas in dogs with intra-lesional corticotherapy

Background: Otohematoma is common in dogs and is characterized by blood accumulation between the skin and cartilageof the outer ear. While the etiology is related to trauma, most cases have a predisposing condition. Treatment must drainthe hematoma and maintain appropriate skin apposition to the ear cartilage. Treatment can be surgical, but there are alsoconservative options such as puncture drainage, followed by intralesional injection of glucocorticoids. This alternativemethod is less invasive than surgery, with an equivalent success rate. This study aimed to describe intralesional injectionof corticosteroids for the treatment of dogs with otohematoma at a veterinary clinic.Materials, Methods & Results: Otohematoma was diagnosed and treated in 23 dogs (14 males and 9 females, weighing9.6 ± 2.7 kg) at a reference private veterinary clinic. The dogs were chemically restrained, and their ears were cleanedwith chlorhexidine. The lower face of each ear with otohematoma was then punctured with a needle coupled to a syringeto drain the liquid. Following drainage, the equipment was removed and the collected liquid volume was measured. A0.5 mg/kg dose of methylprednisolone acetate was prepared and diluted in saline (0.9% NaCl) to a volume equivalent to1/10 of the previously drained content volume from the otohematoma. The prepared solution was then injected into thedrained ear. Additionally, each patient was treated for the original cause of the otohematoma, according to conventionalprotocols. Eight animals (34.78%) had bilateral otohematoma and 15 (65.22%) presented with unilateral lesions. Leukocytosis was observed in most patients. Other laboratory alterations present in the studied dogs were thrombocytopenia,leukopenia, and anemia. Twenty (86.96%) patients presented with otitis externa. All patients were reassessed one weekafter the initial treatment, and 19 (82.60%) fully recovered. The remaining...

Corticoterapia intralesional no tratamento de otohematoma em cães / Treating otohematomas in dogs with intra-lesional corticotherapy

Background: Otohematoma is common in dogs and is characterized by blood accumulation between the skin and cartilageof the outer ear. While the etiology is related to trauma, most cases have a predisposing condition. Treatment must drainthe hematoma and maintain appropriate skin apposition to the ear cartilage. Treatment can be surgical, but there are alsoconservative options such as puncture drainage, followed by intralesional injection of glucocorticoids. This alternativemethod is less invasive than surgery, with an equivalent success rate. This study aimed to describe intralesional injectionof corticosteroids for the treatment of dogs with otohematoma at a veterinary clinic.Materials, Methods & Results: Otohematoma was diagnosed and treated in 23 dogs (14 males and 9 females, weighing9.6 ± 2.7 kg) at a reference private veterinary clinic. The dogs were chemically restrained, and their ears were cleanedwith chlorhexidine. The lower face of each ear with otohematoma was then punctured with a needle coupled to a syringeto drain the liquid. Following drainage, the equipment was removed and the collected liquid volume was measured. A0.5 mg/kg dose of methylprednisolone acetate was prepared and diluted in saline (0.9% NaCl) to a volume equivalent to1/10 of the previously drained content volume from the otohematoma. The prepared solution was then injected into thedrained ear. Additionally, each patient was treated for the original cause of the otohematoma, according to conventionalprotocols. Eight animals (34.78%) had bilateral otohematoma and 15 (65.22%) presented with unilateral lesions. Leukocytosis was observed in most patients. Other laboratory alterations present in the studied dogs were thrombocytopenia,leukopenia, and anemia. Twenty (86.96%) patients presented with otitis externa. All patients were reassessed one weekafter the initial treatment, and 19 (82.60%) fully recovered. The remaining...(AU)

Cattle loading rates in different truck models and their relationship with bruises on bovine carcasses / Taxa de lotação em diferentes modelos de carrocerias e sua relação com hematomas em carcaças bovinas

This study sought to evaluate the number of bruises on bovine carcasses and their relationship with loading rates in different truck models. Bruising percentages in the hindquarter, forequarter and short rib regions were evaluated. The space occupied on the truck by each animal in m² was defined as the Practiced area, obtained by dividing the body area by the number of males and females transported in straight trucks (10.60 x 2.40 m) and livestock trailers (14.80 x 2.60 m), 240 and 168, and 120 and 93, respectively, and 80 males in a straight truck with trailer configuration (17.50 x 2.60 m). The minimum area occupied by the animals was assessed according to the Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) and Animal Welfare Advisory Committee (AWAC). The data was analyzed in a completely randomized design and included two sex classes, three carcass regions and three truck types. For males, the minimum areas (m²) calculated by the FAWC and AWAC were smaller (1.37 and 1.29 m², respectively) for the straight truck. The straight truck with trailer configuration had the lowest (P=0.0025) bruising index in the forequarter region (15.1%) and the highest (P=0.047) in the short rib region (30.5%). Females transported in the livestock trailer had a higher (P<0.001) percentage of bruises in the forequarter region (51.7%). There was a relationship between the high bruising rates and the loading rate Practiced for the males. Estimations made by the AWAC are close to those practiced in the upper Pantanal region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.(AU)

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o número de hematomas em carcaças de bovinos e suas relações com as taxas de lotação em diferentes modelos de carrocerias. Foi avaliada a porcentagem de hematomas na região do traseiro, dianteiro e ponta da agulha (PA). O espaço ocupado por cada animal em m² foi definido como área Praticada, sendo obtido pela divisão da área da carroceria pelo número de machos e fêmeas transportados nos caminhões truck (10,60 x 2,40 m) e carreta baixa (14,80 x 2,60 m); 240 e 168; 120 e 93, respectivamente, e 80 machos em caminhão romeu e julieta (17,50 x 2,60 m). Avaliou-se a área mínima ocupada por animal pela Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) e Animal Welfare Advisory Committee (AWAC). Os dados foram analisados em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado sendo duas classes sexuais, três regiões da carcaça e três tipos de caminhões. Para machos, as áreas mínimas (m²) pela FAWC e AWAC foram menores (1,37 e 1,29 m², respectivamente) para o caminhão truck. O caminhão romeu e julieta apresentou o menor (P=0,0025) índice de hematomas na região dianteiro (15,1%) e o maior (P=0,047) na PA (30,5%). As fêmeas transportadas no caminhão carreta baixa, apresentaram maior (P<0,001) porcentagem de hematomas na região dianteiro (51,7%). Houve relação entre os altos índices de hematomas e a taxa de lotação Praticada para o caminhão carreta baixa e romeu e julieta para machos. As determinações realizadas pela AWAC estão próximas das Praticadas no Alto Pantanal sul-mato-grossense.(AU)

Acute-on-chronic subdural cranial hematoma in a dog: case report / Hematoma craniano subdural crônico-agudizado em um cão: relato de caso

A ten-month-old male Yorkshire terrier dog was evaluated via CT four months after traumatic brain injury. The head CT scan showed dilated ventricles associated with a peripheral crescent-shaped collection of blood near the right parietal bone with a mineralized area. The visceral layer of the hematoma was hyperattenuating on the native scan and showed moderate contrast enhancement after administration of intravenous iodinated contrast medium. No fractures were identified in the calvarium. These findings were compatible with acute-on-chronic calcified subdural hematoma, which have been described with more detail in humans. This is the first report to include the description of the imaging findings related to this condition using computed tomography in a dog.(AU)

Um cão Yorkshire Terrier, de 10 meses de idade, foi avaliado por tomografia computadorizada, quatro meses após lesão encefálica de origem traumática. A tomografia da cabeça demonstrou dilatação dos ventrículos associada com coleção de sangue periférico, em formato crescente, próxima ao osso parietal direito, com uma área mineralizada interna. A camada visceral do hematoma era hiperatenuante no exame pré-contraste e demonstrou moderado aumento de atenuação radiográfica após a administração de contraste iodado intravenoso. Fraturas no calvário não foram identificadas. Esses achados foram compatíveis com agudização de hematoma subdural crônico calcificado, condição que tem sido descrita com mais detalhes em humanos. Este é o primeiro relato que descreve os achados de imagem, por tomografia computadorizada, em um cão, relacionados a essa condição.(AU)

Acute-on-chronic subdural cranial hematoma in a dog: case report / Hematoma craniano subdural crônico-agudizado em um cão: relato de caso

A ten-month-old male Yorkshire terrier dog was evaluated via CT four months after traumatic brain injury. The head CT scan showed dilated ventricles associated with a peripheral crescent-shaped collection of blood near the right parietal bone with a mineralized area. The visceral layer of the hematoma was hyperattenuating on the native scan and showed moderate contrast enhancement after administration of intravenous iodinated contrast medium. No fractures were identified in the calvarium. These findings were compatible with acute-on-chronic calcified subdural hematoma, which have been described with more detail in humans. This is the first report to include the description of the imaging findings related to this condition using computed tomography in a dog.(AU)

Um cão Yorkshire Terrier, de 10 meses de idade, foi avaliado por tomografia computadorizada, quatro meses após lesão encefálica de origem traumática. A tomografia da cabeça demonstrou dilatação dos ventrículos associada com coleção de sangue periférico, em formato crescente, próxima ao osso parietal direito, com uma área mineralizada interna. A camada visceral do hematoma era hiperatenuante no exame pré-contraste e demonstrou moderado aumento de atenuação radiográfica após a administração de contraste iodado intravenoso. Fraturas no calvário não foram identificadas. Esses achados foram compatíveis com agudização de hematoma subdural crônico calcificado, condição que tem sido descrita com mais detalhes em humanos. Este é o primeiro relato que descreve os achados de imagem, por tomografia computadorizada, em um cão, relacionados a essa condição.(AU)

Elaboração do padrão de qualidade para cortes de frango

Foi elaborada um padrão de qualidade de cortes de frango (peito com osso, asas, coxa e sobrecoxa e filé de coxa e sobrecoxa) em um abatedouro no Sudeste Goiano. A análise foi efetuada por meio da obtenção de amostras, análise visual e captura de imagem, com 9 amostras de peito com osso, 13 de asa, 20 de coxa e sobrecoxa e 9 de filé de coxa e sobrecoxa. O padrão de qualidade não aceitável (presença de fraturas, presença de pés, hematomas, ausência de pele, entre outros) apresentou maior número de amostras. Foi possível concluir que a padronização é uma forma de melhorar continuamente o processo, agregar valor ao produto e evitar insatisfação do cliente.(AU)

A quality standard of chicken cuts (bone-in breast, wings, thigh and drumstick and thigh and drumstick fillet) was prepared in a slaughterhouse in Southeast Goiás. The analysis was performed by obtaining samples, visual analysis and image capture, with 9 samples of breast with bone, 13 of wing, 20 of thigh and drumstick and 9 of thigh and drumstick fillet. The unacceptable quality standard (presence of fractures, presence of feet, bruises, absence of skin, among others) showed a greater number of samples. It was concluded that standardization is a way to continuously improve the process, add value to the product and avoid customer dissatisfaction.(AU)

Elaboração do padrão de qualidade para cortes de frango

Foi elaborada um padrão de qualidade de cortes de frango (peito com osso, asas, coxa e sobrecoxa e filé de coxa e sobrecoxa) em um abatedouro no Sudeste Goiano. A análise foi efetuada por meio da obtenção de amostras, análise visual e captura de imagem, com 9 amostras de peito com osso, 13 de asa, 20 de coxa e sobrecoxa e 9 de filé de coxa e sobrecoxa. O padrão de qualidade não aceitável (presença de fraturas, presença de pés, hematomas, ausência de pele, entre outros) apresentou maior número de amostras. Foi possível concluir que a padronização é uma forma de melhorar continuamente o processo, agregar valor ao produto e evitar insatisfação do cliente.

A quality standard of chicken cuts (bone-in breast, wings, thigh and drumstick and thigh and drumstick fillet) was prepared in a slaughterhouse in Southeast Goiás. The analysis was performed by obtaining samples, visual analysis and image capture, with 9 samples of breast with bone, 13 of wing, 20 of thigh and drumstick and 9 of thigh and drumstick fillet. The unacceptable quality standard (presence of fractures, presence of feet, bruises, absence of skin, among others) showed a greater number of samples. It was concluded that standardization is a way to continuously improve the process, add value to the product and avoid customer dissatisfaction.

Prepubic tendon rupture in Santa Inês ewe: case report / Desmorrexia pré-púbica em ovelha Santa Inês: relato de caso

Prepubic tendon rupture may lead to the loss of pelvic floor support. A four-year-old Santa Inês ewe had been reported suffering from apathy, progressive weight loss throughout ten days, and prolonged pregnancy. Physical exams showed an excessive pendulous abdomen, a mild ventral edema between the udder and the umbilical scar (xiphoid region). Also, the udder was cranially displaced and with hematomas. Other symptoms noticed were walking reluctance, pelvic asymmetry, tachycardia, and tachypnea. The urinalysis findings indicated the presence of ketone bodies. The ultrasound examination confirmed the presence of fetuses with normal development, and a potential rupture of the abdominal muscles was excluded. Eight days following its hospitalization, labor induction was carried out using dexamethasone (20mg, IM, single application). She went into labor three days after the initial dose of corticosteroid. The ewe had difficulty expelling the lambs, making their traction necessary. Although the animal has recovered from its injuries, the clinical picture shows prepubic tendon rupture, and in order to prevent future complications, the ewe is not going to breed anymore. The report of this case works as an alert to the possibility of the occurrence of this affection in ewes and demonstrates the need of parturition assistance in animals with this condition, which can be diagnosed through clinical evaluation and ultrasound examination.

A ruptura do tendão pré-púbico resulta na perda do suporte do assoalho abdominal do animal. Uma ovelha, prenhe, da raça Santa Inês, de quatro anos, foi atendida com apatia e emagrecimento progressivo há dez dias e prolongamento da gestação. Ao exame clínico, verificou-se abdômen demasiadamente penduloso, discreto edema ventral entre o úbere e a região xifóide, úbere penduloso e com feridas, dificuldade de locomoção, assimetria de pelve, taquicardia e taquipneia. Detectou-se, na urinálise presença de corpos cetônicos. Foi confirmada à ultrassonografia, a viabilidade dos fetos. O parto foi induzido após oito dias de internação. Após três dias da aplicação do corticoide a ovelha entrou em trabalho de parto, sendo necessárias manobras obstétricas para retirada dos fetos, pois a mesma não apresentava contrações abdominais. O paciente se recuperou, mas como o quadro clínico era compatível com ruptura do tendão prépúbico, foi recomendado a retirada do animal da reprodução para evitar problemas futuros à ovelha e aos cordeiros. Conclui-se que o acompanhamento gestacional é indispensável para animais com esta afecção e que mediante avaliação clínica e ultrassonografia, pode-se chegar ao diagnóstico dessa afecção.

Prepubic tendon rupture in Santa Inês ewe: case report / Desmorrexia pré-púbica em ovelha Santa Inês: relato de caso

Prepubic tendon rupture may lead to the loss of pelvic floor support. A four-year-old Santa Inês ewe had been reported suffering from apathy, progressive weight loss throughout ten days, and prolonged pregnancy. Physical exams showed an excessive pendulous abdomen, a mild ventral edema between the udder and the umbilical scar (xiphoid region). Also, the udder was cranially displaced and with hematomas. Other symptoms noticed were walking reluctance, pelvic asymmetry, tachycardia, and tachypnea. The urinalysis findings indicated the presence of ketone bodies. The ultrasound examination confirmed the presence of fetuses with normal development, and a potential rupture of the abdominal muscles was excluded. Eight days following its hospitalization, labor induction was carried out using dexamethasone (20mg, IM, single application). She went into labor three days after the initial dose of corticosteroid. The ewe had difficulty expelling the lambs, making their traction necessary. Although the animal has recovered from its injuries, the clinical picture shows prepubic tendon rupture, and in order to prevent future complications, the ewe is not going to breed anymore. The report of this case works as an alert to the possibility of the occurrence of this affection in ewes and demonstrates the need of parturition assistance in animals with this condition, which can be diagnosed through clinical evaluation and ultrasound examination.(AU)

A ruptura do tendão pré-púbico resulta na perda do suporte do assoalho abdominal do animal. Uma ovelha, prenhe, da raça Santa Inês, de quatro anos, foi atendida com apatia e emagrecimento progressivo há dez dias e prolongamento da gestação. Ao exame clínico, verificou-se abdômen demasiadamente penduloso, discreto edema ventral entre o úbere e a região xifóide, úbere penduloso e com feridas, dificuldade de locomoção, assimetria de pelve, taquicardia e taquipneia. Detectou-se, na urinálise presença de corpos cetônicos. Foi confirmada à ultrassonografia, a viabilidade dos fetos. O parto foi induzido após oito dias de internação. Após três dias da aplicação do corticoide a ovelha entrou em trabalho de parto, sendo necessárias manobras obstétricas para retirada dos fetos, pois a mesma não apresentava contrações abdominais. O paciente se recuperou, mas como o quadro clínico era compatível com ruptura do tendão prépúbico, foi recomendado a retirada do animal da reprodução para evitar problemas futuros à ovelha e aos cordeiros. Conclui-se que o acompanhamento gestacional é indispensável para animais com esta afecção e que mediante avaliação clínica e ultrassonografia, pode-se chegar ao diagnóstico dessa afecção.(AU)

Flap bipedicular no tratamento de lesão cutânea traumática em membro torácico de gato: relato de caso / Bipedicular flap in the treatment of traumatic skin injury in cat thoracic member: case report

O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar a construção de um retalho direto de bolsa bipediculada com fixação apendicular à região torácica para o tratamento de lesões extensas no membro torácico direito de um gato. Foi tratado no Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, um felino de 1 ano de idade, apresentando lesão no membro torácico, após história de briga com outro animal da mesma espécie. Ao exame físico, apresentava fístula e edema no membro torácico direito. O paciente foi anestesiado e foi realizado o desbridamento das áreas desvitalizadas. Como terapia inicial, a lesão foi tratada como ferida aberta, até a formação de tecido de granulação, para posterior correção do defeito empregando retalho bipediculado em bolsa direta, com fixação temporária do membro à parede torácica. Após duas semanas, o membro foi desimplantado e os pontos foram removidos 21 dias após a aplicação do retalho. O uso do retalho permitiu completa cicatrização da ferida, sem ocorrência de hematomas, necrose ou deiscência de sutura. Conclui-se que a utilização do retalho bipedicular é aplicável ao tratamento de feridas traumáticas em membro torácico de felinos.(AU)

The aim of the present study is to report the construction of a direct bipedicled pouch flap with appendicular fixation to the thoracic region for the treatment of extensive lesions in the right thoracic limb of a cat. He was treated on Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, a 1-year-old feline, presenting injury to the thoracic limb after a history of fighting with another animal of the same species. On physical examination, he presented fistula and edema in the right thoracic limb. The patient was anesthetized and debridement of the devitalized areas was performed. As an initial therapy, the lesion was treated as an open wound until granulation tissue was formed for subsequent correction of the defect using a direct pouch bipedicled flap, with temporary fixation of the limb to the chest wall. After two weeks, the limb was unimplanted and the stitches were removed 21 days after flap application. The use of the flap allowed complete wound healing without bruising, necrosis or suture dehiscence. It is concluded that the use of bipedicular flap is applicable to the treatment of traumatic wounds in feline thoracic limb.(AU)

Flap bipedicular no tratamento de lesão cutânea traumática em membro torácico de gato: relato de caso / Bipedicular flap in the treatment of traumatic skin injury in cat thoracic member: case report

O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar a construção de um retalho direto de bolsa bipediculada com fixação apendicular à região torácica para o tratamento de lesões extensas no membro torácico direito de um gato. Foi tratado no Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, um felino de 1 ano de idade, apresentando lesão no membro torácico, após história de briga com outro animal da mesma espécie. Ao exame físico, apresentava fístula e edema no membro torácico direito. O paciente foi anestesiado e foi realizado o desbridamento das áreas desvitalizadas. Como terapia inicial, a lesão foi tratada como ferida aberta, até a formação de tecido de granulação, para posterior correção do defeito empregando retalho bipediculado em bolsa direta, com fixação temporária do membro à parede torácica. Após duas semanas, o membro foi desimplantado e os pontos foram removidos 21 dias após a aplicação do retalho. O uso do retalho permitiu completa cicatrização da ferida, sem ocorrência de hematomas, necrose ou deiscência de sutura. Conclui-se que a utilização do retalho bipedicular é aplicável ao tratamento de feridas traumáticas em membro torácico de felinos.

The aim of the present study is to report the construction of a direct bipedicled pouch flap with appendicular fixation to the thoracic region for the treatment of extensive lesions in the right thoracic limb of a cat. He was treated on Hospital Veterinário Unicesumar Maringá - Paraná, a 1-year-old feline, presenting injury to the thoracic limb after a history of fighting with another animal of the same species. On physical examination, he presented fistula and edema in the right thoracic limb. The patient was anesthetized and debridement of the devitalized areas was performed. As an initial therapy, the lesion was treated as an open wound until granulation tissue was formed for subsequent correction of the defect using a direct pouch bipedicled flap, with temporary fixation of the limb to the chest wall. After two weeks, the limb was unimplanted and the stitches were removed 21 days after flap application. The use of the flap allowed complete wound healing without bruising, necrosis or suture dehiscence. It is concluded that the use of bipedicular flap is applicable to the treatment of traumatic wounds in feline thoracic limb.

A influência do bem-estar animal na qualidade da carcaça de aves / The influence of animal welfare on poultry carcass quality

O bem-estar animal é uma temática muito discutida quando se diz respeito à produção de carne e cada vez mais constitui uma exigência do consumidor e da indústria. O escopo do programa Bem-Estar Animal ou Abate Humanitário é a abordagem de todo manejo pré-abate, envolvendo desde a apanha, transporte, recepção, pendura, insensibilização até a etapa de sangria das aves, observando-se o cumprimento dos preceitos técnicos e legais para realização do correto manejo pré-abate assegurando ao animal um abate digno, sem dor e sofrimentos desnecessários e desta forma, resultando em benefícios tecnológicos sobre a qualidade da carne. O monitoramento de indicadores na carcaça como calos, riscos, hematomas e fraturas é utilizado para mensurar com precisão a eficiência das etapas do bem-estar. Alguns desses indicadores foram mensurados nesse estudo através da avaliação de 6300 carcaças de aves abatidas em um estabelecimento de Mato Grosso, capturadas por sete equipes diferentes de apanha. As médias dos resultados encontrados foram 5,24% de riscos na pele, 5,62% de hematomas de asa, 0,90% de hematomas de coxa, 2,08% de hematomas de peito e 1,72% de fraturas de asa, indicando prováveis falhas no manejo das sete equipes durante a apanha, visto que embora a apanha seja a principal etapa responsável por traumatismos, o transporte, a recepção, pendura e insensibilização no matadouro podem também interferir nos resultados, e consequentemente no bem-estar das aves.(AU)

A influência do bem-estar animal na qualidade da carcaça de aves / The influence of animal welfare on poultry carcass quality

O bem-estar animal é uma temática muito discutida quando se diz respeito à produção de carne e cada vez mais constitui uma exigência do consumidor e da indústria. O escopo do programa Bem-Estar Animal ou Abate Humanitário é a abordagem de todo manejo pré-abate, envolvendo desde a apanha, transporte, recepção, pendura, insensibilização até a etapa de sangria das aves, observando-se o cumprimento dos preceitos técnicos e legais para realização do correto manejo pré-abate assegurando ao animal um abate digno, sem dor e sofrimentos desnecessários e desta forma, resultando em benefícios tecnológicos sobre a qualidade da carne. O monitoramento de indicadores na carcaça como calos, riscos, hematomas e fraturas é utilizado para mensurar com precisão a eficiência das etapas do bem-estar. Alguns desses indicadores foram mensurados nesse estudo através da avaliação de 6300 carcaças de aves abatidas em um estabelecimento de Mato Grosso, capturadas por sete equipes diferentes de apanha. As médias dos resultados encontrados foram 5,24% de riscos na pele, 5,62% de hematomas de asa, 0,90% de hematomas de coxa, 2,08% de hematomas de peito e 1,72% de fraturas de asa, indicando prováveis falhas no manejo das sete equipes durante a apanha, visto que embora a apanha seja a principal etapa responsável por traumatismos, o transporte, a recepção, pendura e insensibilização no matadouro podem também interferir nos resultados, e consequentemente no bem-estar das aves.

Economic losses due to hematoma in bovine carcasses from the north central mesoregion of Paraná / Perdas econômicas decorrentes de hematoma em carcaças bovinas provenientes da mesorregião norte central do Paraná

Food security is important, and is being increasingly focused on during animal production. In bovine carcasses, we can find hematomas that are the consequences of traumas caused by several factors. These cause the extravasation of blood from vessels, causing the blood to accumulate in muscular tissues, which can then serve as a substrate for bacterial proliferation. The objective of this study was to quantify the occurrence of hematomas in bovine carcasses and to determine their degree of severity, to measure the economic impact these hematomas can cause. The slaughter of 385 animals was monitored, and 56.88% showed some type of hematoma. In injured animals, there were a total of 427 lesions, with an average of 1.94 of injuries per animal. There was a total loss of 65.7 kg of meat, with following proportional distribution: 12.32% in the front room (8.1 kg), 33.18% near the ribs and the lumbar region (21.8 kg), and 54.49% (35.8 kg) in the hindquarter. The resulting economic loss was calculated to be a total of US$ 206.66 (R$ 817.93). We conclude that the occurrence of hematoma lesions in bovine carcasses from the north central mesoregion of Paraná is responsible for economic losses.

A segurança alimentar é importante e ganha a cada dia maior ênfase na produção animal. Nas carcaças bovinas, podemos encontrar hematomas que são consequências de traumas causados por diversos fatores, o que causa o extravasamento de sangue dos vasos, que acabam ficando contidos nos tecidos musculares, podendo servir de substrato para proliferação de bactérias. Objetivou-se quantificar a ocorrência de hematomas em carcaças bovinas e determinar o grau de severidade destes, a fim de mensurar o impacto econômico causado. Realizou-se o acompanhamento do abate de 385 animais e constatou-se que 56,88% apresentavam algum tipo de hematoma. Dentre os animais lesionados houve um total de 427 lesões, sendo em média 1,94 de lesões por animal. Perfazendo uma perda de 65,7 kg de carne no total, distribuídos em 12,32% no quarto dianteiro (8,1kg), 33,18% na região das costelas e lombar (21,8kg), e maior perda no quarto traseiro, sendo 54,49% (35,8 kg). O resultado econômico das perdas evidenciam um total de U$ 206,66 (R$ 817,93). Foi possível concluir que a ocorrência de lesões decorrentes de hematomas em carcaças bovinas provenientes da mesorregião norte central do Paraná é responsável por perdas econômicas.