Prevalence, clinical and epidemiological features of feline hyperthyroidism at a veterinary teaching hospital in Brazil: a retrospective study / Prevalência, características clínicas e epidemiológicas do hipertireoidismo felino em um hospital veterinário universitário no Brasil: um estudo retrospectivo

The hyperthyroidism is the most frequently endocrinopathy in cats. The increasing number of diagnoses over time is due to the greater familiarity with the disease and the development of increasingly sensitive diagnostic tools available. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics and risk factors of hyperthyroidism in cats admitted at one of the largest veterinary teaching hospital in Brazil. Between 2002 and 2007, 234 cats were admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Total thyroxine (T4t) serum concentration was measured from all cats. Also analyzed the medical charts of cats. Of the 234 cats, 26 (11.1%) were considered hyperthyroid (T4t ≥3.8 µg/dL). Of hese 26 cats, only two (7.7%) were initially diagnosed as hyperthyroid. The age of cats ranged from 6 to 27 years old (13.1 ± 4.5 years). Twelve patients (46.2%) were female and 14 (53.8%) were male. Eight (30.8%) cats were Siamese, while the others were mixed breed (69.2%). Dry food was the most common food type consumed by cats. There was a high prevalence of hyperthyroid cats with concomitant chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study sheds light on the importance of routinely monitoring feline hyperthyroidism and brings epidemiological and clinical data of this endocrinopathy in cats from one of the largest veterinary teaching hospitals in the country.(AU)

O hipertireoidismo é a endocrinopatia mais frequente em gatos. O aumento do número de diagnósticos ao longo do tempo deve-se à maior familiaridade com a doença e ao desenvolvimento de ferramentas diagnósticas cada vez mais sensíveis. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar retrospectivamente a prevalência, características clínicas e fatores de risco do de hiperti-reoidismo em gatos atendidos em um dos maiores hospitais veterinários universitários do Brasil. Entre 2002 e 2007, 234 gatos foram admitidos no hospital veterinário universitário da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. A concentração sérica total de tiroxina (T4t) foi mensurada em todos os gatos. Também foram analisados os prontuários médicos dos gatos. Dos 234 gatos, 26 (11,1%) foram considerados hipertireoideos (T4t ≥3,8 µg/dL). Desses 26 gatos, apenas dois (7,7%) foram diagnosticados inicialmente com hipertireoidismo. A idade dos gatos variou de 6 a 27 anos (13,1 ± 4,5 anos). Doze pacientes (46,2%) eram do sexo feminino e 14 (53,8%) do sexo masculino. Oito (30,8%) eram siameses, enquanto os demais eram mestiços (69,2%). A ração seca foi o tipo de alimento mais consumido. Houve alta prevalência de gatos hipertireoideos com doença renal crônica (DRC) concomitante. Este estudo esclarece a importância do monitoramento rotineiro do hipertireoidismo felino e traz dados epidemiológicos e clínicos desta endocrinopatia em gatos de um dos maiores hospitais veterinários do País.(AU)

Avaliação da contaminação microbiana em carcaças de equinos abatidos em matadouro-frigorífico localizado no estado de Minas Gerais

O presente estudo foi conduzido em um abatedouro- frigorífico de equinos localizado no Estado de Minas Gerais, sob fiscalização do Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF), com o objetivo de identificar a contaminação superficial de carcaças de equinos pela pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Foram colhidas semanalmente amostras de swab de quatro diferentes pontos de cinco carcaças selecionadas aleatoriamente no início do abate, no período de janeiro a setembro de 2016. Mediante os resultados obtidos foi possível identificar que 100% das carcaças analisadas foram negativas para a presença do micro-organismo analisado, indicando a qualidade satisfatória no critério analisado no presente estudo.(AU)

The present study was conducted in a slaughterhouse of equines located in the State of Minas Gerais under the supervision of the Federal Inspection Service (SIF), with the objective of identifying the superficial contamination of equine carcasses by the microorganisms Salmonella spp.. They were harvested weekly, four-spot swab randomly selected at the beginning of the slaughter, from January 10 September 2016. The results obtained showed that 100% of the analyzed carcasses were negative for the presence of the analyzed microorganism, indicating the satisfactory quality in the criterion analyzed in the present study.(AU)

Regulation of superoxide dismutase by prostaglandin F2α in the bovine corpus luteum

The interaction between prostaglandin F2 α (PGF) and r eactive o xygen species (ROS) is crucial for regulating the life span of the corp us luteum (CL) . The local accumulation of ROS is mainly controlled by copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Thus, PGF may induce luteolysis by decreas ing the expression of SOD and its bioactivity. Here, we examined whether SOD1 is involved in the luteol ytic action of PGF in the bovine corpus luteum (CL). SOD activity gradually increased from the early to late luteal stage and then decreased to the lowest level at the regressed luteal stage. SOD1 protein expression and SOD activity increased at 2 h but de creased at 24 h after administration of a luteolytic dose of PGF . In addition , PGF and H 2 O 2 increased SOD1 protein expression and SOD activity at 2 h but suppressed it at 24 h in cultured luteal cells . Furthermore, H 2 O 2 increased PGF production by luteal c ells in a dose - and time - dependent manner. PGF , in turn, induced ROS production. T hese results indicate that PGF via interaction with ROS regulate s bovine luteal SOD 1 in a biphasic manner with an initial increase at 2 h followed by a decrease at 24 h . The down regulation of SOD1 during structural luteolysis may enhance ROS production and luteal cell death to ensure the regression of the bovine C .

Regulation of superoxide dismutase by prostaglandin F2α in the bovine corpus luteum

The interaction between prostaglandin F2 α (PGF) and r eactive o xygen species (ROS) is crucial for regulating the life span of the corp us luteum (CL) . The local accumulation of ROS is mainly controlled by copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Thus, PGF may induce luteolysis by decreas ing the expression of SOD and its bioactivity. Here, we examined whether SOD1 is involved in the luteol ytic action of PGF in the bovine corpus luteum (CL). SOD activity gradually increased from the early to late luteal stage and then decreased to the lowest level at the regressed luteal stage. SOD1 protein expression and SOD activity increased at 2 h but de creased at 24 h after administration of a luteolytic dose of PGF . In addition , PGF and H 2 O 2 increased SOD1 protein expression and SOD activity at 2 h but suppressed it at 24 h in cultured luteal cells . Furthermore, H 2 O 2 increased PGF production by luteal c ells in a dose - and time - dependent manner. PGF , in turn, induced ROS production. T hese results indicate that PGF via interaction with ROS regulate s bovine luteal SOD 1 in a biphasic manner with an initial increase at 2 h followed by a decrease at 24 h . The down regulation of SOD1 during structural luteolysis may enhance ROS production and luteal cell death to ensure the regression of the bovine C .(AU)

Análise in vitro da eficácia do amitraz sobre populações de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) da região sul do Rio Grande do Sul / In vitro analysis of amitraz efficacy against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) populations of southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state

Formulações comerciais à base de amitraz são muito utilizadas como acaricidas na Região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, contudo sem maiores estudos da sua eficácia nessa região. O presente estudo objetivou estimar a frequência de populações de R. (B.) microplus resistente ao amitraz na Região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, e comparar a eficácia de cinco produtos comerciais à base desse princípio ativo. Os resultados demonstraram que, em 23% das populações estudadas, o amitraz teve uma eficácia inferior a 69%. Em 29% dessas amostras de carrapatos, o grau de eficácia foi igual a zero, sugerindo a presença de altos níveis de resistência ao amitraz. Além disso, o produto comercial mais utilizado na região demonstra o menor índice de eficácia. Esses resultados alertam sobre a possibilidade da dispersão de populações de carrapatos resistentes, o que justifica a necessidade de direcionar pesquisas visando a novas alternativas e produtos para o controle desse parasito.(AU)

Commercial formulation of the amitraz is the most used acaricide in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul State, however scientiic data about the efficacy of these products in this region are sparse. he aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of R. (B.) microplus populations resistant to amitraz acaricides in the Southern region of Rio Grande do Sul State. So, the efficacies of five commercial products containing amitraz were compared. Results showed that the efficacy of amitraz acaricides was lower than 69% in 23% of studied populations. Nearly 29% of the tick samples showed an acaricide efficacy equal to zero, suggesting the presence of a high level of resistance to amitraz. Moreover, the most used commercial product in the region showed the lowest efficacy index. hese results alert about the possible spreading of resistant on tick populations and justify research directed toward the search for alternative products to control this parasite.(AU)