Utilização de curativo a vácuo de baixo custo para cicatrização de fratura de casco com ruptura de cavidade celomática em um Chelonia carbonaria / Use of cost-effective vacuum-assisted closure technique for shell fracture Repair and coelomic cavity rupture healing in a Chelonia carbonaria

Background: The vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy system has been used as a noninvasive wound managementtechnique for shell damage in Chelonians. These animals are excellent candidates for VAC therapy because of their uniqueshell anatomy consists of dermal bones, which make bandage placement easier. Beyond that, they are suited for this technique behaviorally, because they are not inclined to remove the vacuum system intentionally. Considering the possibilityof Testudines shell repair with the use of less invasive techniques, that result no additional dermal bone lesions, the objective of the present study is to describe the adaptation of a vacuum dressing protocol using low-cost and easily accessiblematerials for post-traumatic shell healing of a specimen of Chelonoidis carbonaria.Case: A specimen of tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria), a male, weighing 630 g, approximately 3-year-old, was received atthe Veterinary Hospital - Wild Animals Sector in the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) after of being run over by a vehicle.On physical examination, fractures of the dermal plaques and underlying bone structures were found, with rupture of thecoelomic cavity. In addition, there was exposure and incarceration of an intestinal loop, with the presence of bleeding.According to the findings of the physical screening examination, the patient’s prognosis was defined as good, as describedin the literature that specifically focused on chelonian shell injuries. The animal was sent to the diagnostic imaging sector.Then, drug therapy was provided for pain control, vitamins were administered for nutritional support, and antibiotics andanti-inflammatory drugs were instituted. For the closure of the shell and coelomic cavity, a bandage was used with theVAC therapy system adapted as described for Chelonians in previous reports. After a complete osteosynthesis and closureof the coelomic cavity, repair of the integumentary component of the shell was...

Utilização de curativo a vácuo de baixo custo para cicatrização de fratura de casco com ruptura de cavidade celomática em um Chelonia carbonaria / Use of cost-effective vacuum-assisted closure technique for shell fracture Repair and coelomic cavity rupture healing in a Chelonia carbonaria

Background: The vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy system has been used as a noninvasive wound managementtechnique for shell damage in Chelonians. These animals are excellent candidates for VAC therapy because of their uniqueshell anatomy consists of dermal bones, which make bandage placement easier. Beyond that, they are suited for this technique behaviorally, because they are not inclined to remove the vacuum system intentionally. Considering the possibilityof Testudines shell repair with the use of less invasive techniques, that result no additional dermal bone lesions, the objective of the present study is to describe the adaptation of a vacuum dressing protocol using low-cost and easily accessiblematerials for post-traumatic shell healing of a specimen of Chelonoidis carbonaria.Case: A specimen of tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria), a male, weighing 630 g, approximately 3-year-old, was received atthe Veterinary Hospital - Wild Animals Sector in the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) after of being run over by a vehicle.On physical examination, fractures of the dermal plaques and underlying bone structures were found, with rupture of thecoelomic cavity. In addition, there was exposure and incarceration of an intestinal loop, with the presence of bleeding.According to the findings of the physical screening examination, the patients prognosis was defined as good, as describedin the literature that specifically focused on chelonian shell injuries. The animal was sent to the diagnostic imaging sector.Then, drug therapy was provided for pain control, vitamins were administered for nutritional support, and antibiotics andanti-inflammatory drugs were instituted. For the closure of the shell and coelomic cavity, a bandage was used with theVAC therapy system adapted as described for Chelonians in previous reports. After a complete osteosynthesis and closureof the coelomic cavity, repair of the integumentary component of the shell was...(AU)

Eventração em Iguana verde (Iguana iguana) / Eventration in green iguana (Iguana iguana)

Background: The reptile class could be considered one of the biggest vertebrate groups and are divided in orders andsuborders according to their characteristics. These animals’ maintenance in captivity, either at home, captive bred or atzoos, can generate risk to their health, if the required cares are not given for each respective species. The lack of individualcares could lead to bone and muscular diseases and to traumatic lesions in soft tissues, mainly in the coelomic cavity. Thereport that is being presented aims to describe the case of a green iguana (Iguana iguana) that presented an increase ofvolume in the coelomic cavity. The animal belongs to the squad of the Zoo “Dr. Fábio de Sá Barreto”.Case: A green iguana arrived at the Zoo in February 2019 coming from another establishment, with already an increaseof volume in the coelomic cavity. The animal was put in quarantine and later on, it was put in display at a terrarium in theZoo considered adequate to reptiles, with another seven green iguanas along with an argentine tegu (Salvator rufescens).Their feed was offered in the morning and was composed of fruits, vegetables and flowers like hibiscus. In the end of June2019, it was reported by the attendant that the animal was presented with anorexia and prostration, and these symptomsprogressed to neurologic signs, as it walked in circles. So, the animal was evaluated by the Zoo veterinarians and on examthey noticed lethargy, dehydration, absence of reflexes (pupillary, eyelid and painful), locomotion difficulty and when theiguana moves, it walks in circles. The increase in volume had the same size as reported in February and a soft consistency.After that, the animal was interned and treated according to the symptoms and the clinical evolution. Ten days after thehospitalization, the animal was still not eating, and locomotion stopped completely. It was performed in an...

Eventração em Iguana verde (Iguana iguana) / Eventration in green iguana (Iguana iguana)

Background: The reptile class could be considered one of the biggest vertebrate groups and are divided in orders andsuborders according to their characteristics. These animals maintenance in captivity, either at home, captive bred or atzoos, can generate risk to their health, if the required cares are not given for each respective species. The lack of individualcares could lead to bone and muscular diseases and to traumatic lesions in soft tissues, mainly in the coelomic cavity. Thereport that is being presented aims to describe the case of a green iguana (Iguana iguana) that presented an increase ofvolume in the coelomic cavity. The animal belongs to the squad of the Zoo “Dr. Fábio de Sá Barreto”.Case: A green iguana arrived at the Zoo in February 2019 coming from another establishment, with already an increaseof volume in the coelomic cavity. The animal was put in quarantine and later on, it was put in display at a terrarium in theZoo considered adequate to reptiles, with another seven green iguanas along with an argentine tegu (Salvator rufescens).Their feed was offered in the morning and was composed of fruits, vegetables and flowers like hibiscus. In the end of June2019, it was reported by the attendant that the animal was presented with anorexia and prostration, and these symptomsprogressed to neurologic signs, as it walked in circles. So, the animal was evaluated by the Zoo veterinarians and on examthey noticed lethargy, dehydration, absence of reflexes (pupillary, eyelid and painful), locomotion difficulty and when theiguana moves, it walks in circles. The increase in volume had the same size as reported in February and a soft consistency.After that, the animal was interned and treated according to the symptoms and the clinical evolution. Ten days after thehospitalization, the animal was still not eating, and locomotion stopped completely. It was performed in an...(AU)

Gravid hysterocele in bitch: case report / Histerocelegravídica em cadela: Relato de caso

An inguinal hernia may result in protrusion of the uterus through the hernial ring, thus being called a hysterocele. If the female is pregnant, the fetuses viability may be compromised, through the incarceration of the uterus in the hernial ring, in addition to harming the females systemic homeostasis. Complementary imaging tests, such as ultrasound, are of fundamental importance for the diagnosis and prognosis of the case, with surgery being the recommended treatment. The aim of the present work is to report the case of an eight-year-old female pinscher, diagnosed with a gravid hysterocele, treated by inguinal herniorrhaphy. The patient reached the end of pregnancy with viable fetuses.

A hérnia inguinal pode ter como consequência a protusão do útero pelo canal herniário, denominando-se, assim, histerocele. Caso a fêmea esteja gestante, a viabilidade dos fetos pode ser comprometida, por meio do encarceramento do útero no canal herniário, além de prejudicar a homeostasia sistêmica da fêmea. Exames complementares de imagem, como ultrassom, são de fundamental importância para diagnóstico e prognóstico do caso, sendo a cirurgia o tratamento preconizado. Objetiva-se com o presente trabalho relatar o caso de uma cadela, pinscher, de oito anos, diagnosticada com histerocele gravídica, tratada mediante herniorrafia inguinal. A paciente chegou ao término da gestação com os fetos viáveis.

Gravid hysterocele in bitch: case report / Histerocelegravídica em cadela: Relato de caso

An inguinal hernia may result in protrusion of the uterus through the hernial ring, thus being called a hysterocele. If the female is pregnant, the fetuses viability may be compromised, through the incarceration of the uterus in the hernial ring, in addition to harming the females systemic homeostasis. Complementary imaging tests, such as ultrasound, are of fundamental importance for the diagnosis and prognosis of the case, with surgery being the recommended treatment. The aim of the present work is to report the case of an eight-year-old female pinscher, diagnosed with a gravid hysterocele, treated by inguinal herniorrhaphy. The patient reached the end of pregnancy with viable fetuses.(AU)

A hérnia inguinal pode ter como consequência a protusão do útero pelo canal herniário, denominando-se, assim, histerocele. Caso a fêmea esteja gestante, a viabilidade dos fetos pode ser comprometida, por meio do encarceramento do útero no canal herniário, além de prejudicar a homeostasia sistêmica da fêmea. Exames complementares de imagem, como ultrassom, são de fundamental importância para diagnóstico e prognóstico do caso, sendo a cirurgia o tratamento preconizado. Objetiva-se com o presente trabalho relatar o caso de uma cadela, pinscher, de oito anos, diagnosticada com histerocele gravídica, tratada mediante herniorrafia inguinal. A paciente chegou ao término da gestação com os fetos viáveis.(AU)

Hérnia inguinal com encarceramento esplênico em cão macho / Inguinal hernia with splenic incarceration in a male dog

Background: Hernias are changes with the displacement of organs from their normal anatomical location to a newly formedcavity, which can cause pain and dysfunction of the affected organ. The diagnosis can be obtained by palpation or by ultrasound.The treatment of choice is surgical and vision to promote the return of the organ to its normal anatomical position and theclosure of the hernial ring. When affixing the edges of the hernial ring is not possible, alternative techniques such as the useof biological or synthetic membranes should be sought. The aim of the present study is to report an atypical case of inguinalhernia with splenic incarceration, in which splenectomy and herniorrhaphy with a bovine phrenic center were performed.Case: An 8-year-old large mestizo male dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba complaining of the appearance of a mass in the inguinal region that increased significantly in the last 15 days. On physical examination, there was anincrease in volume in the left inguinal region, irreducible and great pain sensitivity in the region. The hemogram showednormochromic normocytic anemia, hyperproteinemia and thrombocytopenia. No changes were observed in the biochemicalanalyzes. Urinalysis revealed the presence of protein and traces of occult blood. Ultrasound showed an enlarged spleen insidethe hernial sac, closing the diagnosis of inguinal hernia. The animal underwent a herniorrhaphy procedure associated with theuse of a biological membrane from a bovine phrenic center and splenectomy. In addition, contralateral inguinal hernia wasobserved. The animal remained hospitalized and under observation for three days. On return, after five days, the guardian..

Hérnia inguinal com encarceramento esplênico em cão macho / Inguinal hernia with splenic incarceration in a male dog

Background: Hernias are changes with the displacement of organs from their normal anatomical location to a newly formedcavity, which can cause pain and dysfunction of the affected organ. The diagnosis can be obtained by palpation or by ultrasound.The treatment of choice is surgical and vision to promote the return of the organ to its normal anatomical position and theclosure of the hernial ring. When affixing the edges of the hernial ring is not possible, alternative techniques such as the useof biological or synthetic membranes should be sought. The aim of the present study is to report an atypical case of inguinalhernia with splenic incarceration, in which splenectomy and herniorrhaphy with a bovine phrenic center were performed.Case: An 8-year-old large mestizo male dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba complaining of the appearance of a mass in the inguinal region that increased significantly in the last 15 days. On physical examination, there was anincrease in volume in the left inguinal region, irreducible and great pain sensitivity in the region. The hemogram showednormochromic normocytic anemia, hyperproteinemia and thrombocytopenia. No changes were observed in the biochemicalanalyzes. Urinalysis revealed the presence of protein and traces of occult blood. Ultrasound showed an enlarged spleen insidethe hernial sac, closing the diagnosis of inguinal hernia. The animal underwent a herniorrhaphy procedure associated with theuse of a biological membrane from a bovine phrenic center and splenectomy. In addition, contralateral inguinal hernia wasobserved. The animal remained hospitalized and under observation for three days. On return, after five days, the guardian..(AU)

Epidemiological and pathological aspects of noninfectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in 114 horses in Southern Brazil / Aspectos epidemiológicos e patológicos de doenças não infecciosas do trato gastrointestinal de 114 equinos no sul do Brasil

Equine colic is one of the most common cause of death in horses, but few studies have investigated specifically the conditions at the necropsy. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological and pathological features of noninfectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in horses. A retrospective study was conducted in search of cases of these diseases affecting horses from 2005 to 2017. During this period, 114 horses died of noninfectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and the main causes were: primary gastric dilation (27/114), volvulus (27/114), enterolithiasis (20/114), rectal (colonic) perforation (15/114), gastric or cecocolonic impaction (10/114), incarcerations (6/114), intussusception (4/114), and others (5/114). Mixed breeds horses (56/114) and males (69/114) were mostly affected. The horses had a median and mean age of 10 and 10.9-years old, respectively. Primary gastric dilation was characterized by distension of the stomach by moderate to large amounts of content, which in 21 cases caused tearing of the stomach wall at the greater curvature (peritonitis), and the main predisposing factor was alimentary overload (17/27). Intestinal volvulus occurred within the small intestine (14 cases) and within the large intestines (13 cases). Grossly, there was intestinal ischemia with reddened to deep-black serosa and diffusely red mucosae. Enterolithiasis caused partial or complete obstruction of the right dorsal colon (9/20), transverse colon (4/20), small colon and right dorsal colon (3/20), rectum and right dorsal colon (2/20), and small colon (2/20). Viscera perforation and peritonitis occurred in 11 cases. Rectal (colonic) perforation involved the rectum (10/15), rectum/small colon (4/15), and the small colon (1/15). It was characterized by a focally extensive transmural tearing, associated with reddened borders, and retroperitoneal to diffuse peritonitis. Palpation related iatrogenic injuries (11/15) were the main cause...(AU)

A cólica em equinos é considerada como a principal causa de morte de cavalos, porém poucos estudos têm investigado especificamente as condições envolvidas através da necropsia. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos e patológicos de doenças não infecciosas do trato gastrointestinal de equinos. Foi conduzido um estudo retrospectivo em busca de casos dessas doenças envolvendo cavalos de 2005 a 2017. Durante esse período, 114 equinos morreram devido a doenças não infecciosas do trato gastrointestinal, e as principais causas foram: dilatação gástrica (27/114), vólvulos (27/114), enterolitíase (20/114), ruptura retal (colônica) (15/114), compactação gástrica ou cecocolônica (10/114), encarceramentos (6/114), intussuscepções (4/114), e outros (5/114). Animais sem raça definida (56/114) e machos (69/114) foram mais afetados. Os equinos apresentavam uma média e mediana de idade de 10 e 10,9 anos, respectivamente. A dilatação gástrica primária era caracterizada por distensão do estômago por moderada a grande quantidade de conteúdo, que em 21 casos provocava ruptura da parede gástrica na curvatura maior (peritonite), e o principal fator predisponente foi sobrecarga alimentar (17/27). Vólvulo intestinal ocorreu no intestino delgado e no intestino grosso (14 e 13 casos, respectivamente). Macroscopicamente, havia isquemia intestinal com serosa avermelhada a enegrecida e mucosa difusamente avermelhada. A enterolitíase causou obstrução parcial ou completa do cólon dorsal direito (9/20), cólon transverso (4/20), cólon menor e cólon dorsal direito (3/20), cólon menor (2/20), e reto e cólon maior direito (2/20). Perfuração de vísceras e peritonite foram observadas em 11 casos. A ruptura retal (colônica) envolveu o reto (10/15), reto/cólon menor (4/15) e cólon menor (1/15). Essa era caracterizada por ruptura transmural focalmente extensa, com bordos avermelhados e peritonite retroperitoneal a difusa...(AU)

Epidemiological and pathological aspects of noninfectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in 114 horses in Southern Brazil / Aspectos epidemiológicos e patológicos de doenças não infecciosas do trato gastrointestinal de 114 equinos no sul do Brasil

Equine colic is one of the most common cause of death in horses, but few studies have investigated specifically the conditions at the necropsy. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological and pathological features of noninfectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in horses. A retrospective study was conducted in search of cases of these diseases affecting horses from 2005 to 2017. During this period, 114 horses died of noninfectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and the main causes were: primary gastric dilation (27/114), volvulus (27/114), enterolithiasis (20/114), rectal (colonic) perforation (15/114), gastric or cecocolonic impaction (10/114), incarcerations (6/114), intussusception (4/114), and others (5/114). Mixed breeds horses (56/114) and males (69/114) were mostly affected. The horses had a median and mean age of 10 and 10.9-years old, respectively. Primary gastric dilation was characterized by distension of the stomach by moderate to large amounts of content, which in 21 cases caused tearing of the stomach wall at the greater curvature (peritonitis), and the main predisposing factor was alimentary overload (17/27). Intestinal volvulus occurred within the small intestine (14 cases) and within the large intestines (13 cases). Grossly, there was intestinal ischemia with reddened to deep-black serosa and diffusely red mucosae. Enterolithiasis caused partial or complete obstruction of the right dorsal colon (9/20), transverse colon (4/20), small colon and right dorsal colon (3/20), rectum and right dorsal colon (2/20), and small colon (2/20). Viscera perforation and peritonitis occurred in 11 cases. Rectal (colonic) perforation involved the rectum (10/15), rectum/small colon (4/15), and the small colon (1/15). It was characterized by a focally extensive transmural tearing, associated with reddened borders, and retroperitoneal to diffuse peritonitis. Palpation related iatrogenic injuries (11/15) were the main cause. Impactions affected the large colon (7/10), the cecum (2/10), and the stomach (1/10). Incarcerations consisted of inguinoscrotal hernias (2/6), small intestine entrapment by a mesenteric failure (2/6), diaphragmatic hernia, and umbilical eventration. Grossly, the organs were constricted by a hernial ring, with intestinal ischemia and reddened to dark-red serosa. Predisposing factors included previous surgeries (2/6) and patent inguinal ring (1/6). Intussusception involved the small intestine (3/4) and ileocecum (1/4). Foals with lack of colostrum intake and concomitant pneumonia was a characteristic presentation (3/4). Grossly, the intussusceptum slipped into intussuscipiens, with diffuse deep black-red discoloration. Other causes included large colon displacement (2/5), extrinsic and intrinsic obstruction of the small intestine (2/5), and an intestinal adenocarcinoma. Noninfectious gastrointestinal diseases are major causes of death in horses. Epidemiological and gross features of the conditions should be accounted to obtain a final diagnosis of the cause of the colic.(AU)

A cólica em equinos é considerada como a principal causa de morte de cavalos, porém poucos estudos têm investigado especificamente as condições envolvidas através da necropsia. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos e patológicos de doenças não infecciosas do trato gastrointestinal de equinos. Foi conduzido um estudo retrospectivo em busca de casos dessas doenças envolvendo cavalos de 2005 a 2017. Durante esse período, 114 equinos morreram devido a doenças não infecciosas do trato gastrointestinal, e as principais causas foram: dilatação gástrica (27/114), vólvulos (27/114), enterolitíase (20/114), ruptura retal (colônica) (15/114), compactação gástrica ou cecocolônica (10/114), encarceramentos (6/114), intussuscepções (4/114), e outros (5/114). Animais sem raça definida (56/114) e machos (69/114) foram mais afetados. Os equinos apresentavam uma média e mediana de idade de 10 e 10,9 anos, respectivamente. A dilatação gástrica primária era caracterizada por distensão do estômago por moderada a grande quantidade de conteúdo, que em 21 casos provocava ruptura da parede gástrica na curvatura maior (peritonite), e o principal fator predisponente foi sobrecarga alimentar (17/27). Vólvulo intestinal ocorreu no intestino delgado e no intestino grosso (14 e 13 casos, respectivamente). Macroscopicamente, havia isquemia intestinal com serosa avermelhada a enegrecida e mucosa difusamente avermelhada. A enterolitíase causou obstrução parcial ou completa do cólon dorsal direito (9/20), cólon transverso (4/20), cólon menor e cólon dorsal direito (3/20), cólon menor (2/20), e reto e cólon maior direito (2/20). Perfuração de vísceras e peritonite foram observadas em 11 casos. A ruptura retal (colônica) envolveu o reto (10/15), reto/cólon menor (4/15) e cólon menor (1/15). Essa era caracterizada por ruptura transmural focalmente extensa, com bordos avermelhados e peritonite retroperitoneal a difusa. Traumas relacionados à palpação (11/15) foram a principal causa. Compactações afetaram o cólon maior (7/10), ceco (2/10) e estômago (1/10). Encarceramentos consistiram em hérnias inguinoescrotais (2/6), encarceramento de alças intestinais por falha no mesentério (2/6), hérnia diafragmática e eventração umbilical. Macroscopicamente, os órgãos estavam constritos por um anel hernial, com isquemia intestinal e serosa avermelhada a vermelho-escura. Fatores predisponentes incluíram cirurgias prévias (2/6) e anel inguinal patente (1/6). Intussuscepções envolveram o intestino delgado (3/4) e íleoceco (1/4). A apresentação característica foi em potros com falta de colostro e concomitante pneumonia. Macroscopicamente, o intussuscepto deslizava em direção ao intussuscepiente, exibindo coloração vermelho-enegrecida difusa. Outras causas incluíram deslocamento de cólon maior (2/5), obstrução extrínseca e intrínseca do intestino delgado (2/5), e um caso de adenocarcinoma intestinal. Doenças não infecciosas são importantes causas de morte em equinos. Os aspectos epidemiológicos e macroscópicos das condições devem ser considerados para o que o diagnóstico final da causa da cólica seja obtido.(AU)

"Avaliação do bem estar dos cãesfarejadores da Polícia do Estado de São Paulomensurdos pelas dosagens de cortisol salivar no descanso e após o trabalho".

O projeto consistiu em avaliar o Bem Estar dos cães farejadores do Canil da Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo por meio da dosagem de cortisol salivar e comparar seu stress em repouso e atividade operativa. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar mediante níveis do cortisol salivar, o grau de estresse, e, consequentemente, o bem estar dos cães, os quais contribuem diretamente para a qualidade do serviço prestado por eles à sociedade. A saliva foi coletada mediante a utilização de rolos de algodão odontológico, os quais foram colocados na cavidade oral de 13 cães (9 machos e 4 fêmeas) de 2 a 8 anos de idade das raças Pastor Alemão (1), Pastor Holandês (1) Pastor Belga de Malinois (9), Bloodhound (1) e Labrador (1). As coletas foram realizadas antes do embarque dos animais na viatura policial, imediatamente após o desembarque da sua chegada do trabalho, bem como no dia seguinte (descanso) tanto no período da manhã, quanto no período da tarde. Assim os rolos de algodão foram retirados da cavidade oral dos animais, embebidos de saliva, e, colocados em Tubos Falcon, congelados a -20ºC. Após o descongelamento e centrifugação foram dosados os níveis de cortisol salivar através do kit de ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) da marca Salimetrics®. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho revelaram que não houve diferença significativa nos níveis de cortisol entre os momentos manhã e tarde durante o descanso e entre os momentos manhã e tarde durante o trabalho e nem no período da manhã entre os momentos de descanso e trabalho. No entanto, houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) nos níveis de cortisol no período da tarde entre os momentos de descanso e trabalho. Estes resultados mostram que o período de repouso é mais estressante em relação ao período de trabalho e por isso sugere-se que ocorra uma mudança de manejo destes animais, sendo que o período de descanso seja apenas o descanso do trabalho propriamente dito, e não de atividades sócio educativas com enriquecimento de ambiente. Desta forma, o enriquecimento ambiental, utilizando-se de jogos, brincadeiras, simulações de situações reais e interações com adestradores, que é a criação de um ambiente dinâmico, complexo e interativo retiraria, em parte, os animais do encarceramento dos canis e também proporcionaria "desafios" físicos e mentais similares, aqueles encontrados no trabalho proporcionados aos cães durante as 36 horas de descanso, além da diminuição da ociosidade e encarceramento nos canis, uma redução dos níveis de estresse.

This project consists of assessing the welfare of sniffer dogs in the Military Police Kennel of the State of São Paulo by measuring salivary cortisol and comparing their stress at rest and operative activity. The objective of the study was to verify, through salivary cortisol levels, the degree of stress, and, consequently, the well-being of dogs, which directly contribute to the quality of the service provided by them to society, these services include the search for narcotics or explosive material and the search for missing persons. Saliva was collected using dental cotton rolls, which were placed in the oral cavity of 13 dogs (9 males and 4 females) from 2 to 8 years old of the German Shepherd (1), Dutch Shepherd (1) Belgian Malinois (9), Bloodhound (1) and Labrador (1). The collections were carried out before the animals boarded the police vehicle, immediately after disembarking from their arrival from work, as well as the following day (rest) both in the morning and in the afternoon. Thus, the cotton rolls were removed from the animals' oral cavity, soaked in saliva, and placed in Falcon tubes, frozen at -20ºC. After thawing and centrifuging, salivary cortisol levels were measured using the Salimetrics® immunoassay kit (ELISA). The results obtained in this work revealed that there was no significant difference in the levels of cortisol between the morning and afternoon moments during rest and between the morning and afternoon moments during work or in the morning between rest and work moments, however , there was a significant difference (p <0.05) in the cortisol levels in the afternoon between the moments of rest and work. These results show that the rest period is more stressful than their working period and that is why it is suggested that there should be a change in the management of these animals, with the rest period being only the rest of the work itself, and not socio-educational activities with environment enrichment. In this way, environmental enrichment, using games, games, simulations of real situations and interactions with trainers, which is the creation of a dynamic, complex and interactive environment, would partly remove animals from kennel incarceration and also provide Similar physical and mental "challenges", those found at work provided to dogs during the 36 hours of rest (12-hour shift and 36 hours of rest), in addition to the reduction of idleness and incarceration in kennels, a reduction in stress levels.

Encarceramento em forame epiplóico em equino: relato de caso / The epiploic incarceration in horses: case report / Encarcelamiento en forame epiplóico en equinos: estúdio de caso

O encarceramento em forame epiplóico em equinos é observado em 2-10% das cólicas encaminhadas para a cirurgia, causando um comprometimento vascular que pode levar a necessidade de ressecção do segmento de alça intestinal afetado ou, até mesmo, eutanásia do animal. Um equino, macho, castrado, 400 kg, 5 anos de idade, da raça Mangalarga foi admitido com sinais de cólica, que tinha duração de 24 horas. Após os exames pertinentes, foi indicada a cirurgia, a qual foi negada pelo proprietário. Após tentativa de manutenção da vida do animal, foi indicada a eutanásia, sendo diagnosticado encarceramento de íleo no forame epiplóico na necropsia. Foi avaliado que o animal possuiria um bom prognóstico caso a laparotomia fosse realizada.

The epiploic incarceration in horses is observed in 2-10% of the cramps referred for surgery, causing vascular impairment that may lead to the need for resection of the affected intestinal segment or even euthanasia of the animal. A horse, 400 kg, male, 5-year-old, Mangalarga was admitted with signs of colic, which lasted 24 hours. After the pertinent examinations, the surgery was indicated, which was denied by the owner. After trying to maintain the life of the animal, euthanasia was indicated, being diagnosed incarceration of ileus in the epiploic foramen at necropsy. It was evaluated that the animal would have a good prognosis if the laparotomy was performed.

El encarcelamiento en foramen epiplóico en equinos se observa en el 2-10% de los cólicos derivados a la cirugía, generando un compromiso vascular que puede llevar a la necesidad de resección del segmiento de las asas intestinales afectadas o, y incluso, la eutanasia del animal. Un equino, macho, castrado, 400 kg, 5 anos de edad, de la raza Mangalarga fue admitido con seriales de cólico, que tenía una duración de 24 horas. Después de los exámenes pertinentes, fue indicada la cirugía, la cual fue negada por el propietario. Después de un intento de mantenimiento de la vida del animal, fue indicada la eutanasia, siendo diagnosticado encarcelamiento de íleo en el foramen epiplóico en la necropsia. Se evaluó que el animal tendría un buen pronóstico si se realizaba la laparotomía.

Encarceramento em forame epiplóico em equino: relato de caso / The epiploic incarceration in horses: case report / Encarcelamiento en forame epiplóico en equinos: estúdio de caso

O encarceramento em forame epiplóico em equinos é observado em 2-10% das cólicas encaminhadas para a cirurgia, causando um comprometimento vascular que pode levar a necessidade de ressecção do segmento de alça intestinal afetado ou, até mesmo, eutanásia do animal. Um equino, macho, castrado, 400 kg, 5 anos de idade, da raça Mangalarga foi admitido com sinais de cólica, que tinha duração de 24 horas. Após os exames pertinentes, foi indicada a cirurgia, a qual foi negada pelo proprietário. Após tentativa de manutenção da vida do animal, foi indicada a eutanásia, sendo diagnosticado encarceramento de íleo no forame epiplóico na necropsia. Foi avaliado que o animal possuiria um bom prognóstico caso a laparotomia fosse realizada.(AU)

The epiploic incarceration in horses is observed in 2-10% of the cramps referred for surgery, causing vascular impairment that may lead to the need for resection of the affected intestinal segment or even euthanasia of the animal. A horse, 400 kg, male, 5-year-old, Mangalarga was admitted with signs of colic, which lasted 24 hours. After the pertinent examinations, the surgery was indicated, which was denied by the owner. After trying to maintain the life of the animal, euthanasia was indicated, being diagnosed incarceration of ileus in the epiploic foramen at necropsy. It was evaluated that the animal would have a good prognosis if the laparotomy was performed.(AU)

El encarcelamiento en foramen epiplóico en equinos se observa en el 2-10% de los cólicos derivados a la cirugía, generando un compromiso vascular que puede llevar a la necesidad de resección del segmiento de las asas intestinales afectadas o, y incluso, la eutanasia del animal. Un equino, macho, castrado, 400 kg, 5 anos de edad, de la raza Mangalarga fue admitido con seriales de cólico, que tenía una duración de 24 horas. Después de los exámenes pertinentes, fue indicada la cirugía, la cual fue negada por el propietario. Después de un intento de mantenimiento de la vida del animal, fue indicada la eutanasia, siendo diagnosticado encarcelamiento de íleo en el foramen epiplóico en la necropsia. Se evaluó que el animal tendría un buen pronóstico si se realizaba la laparotomía.(AU)

Encarceramento de intestino delgado em anel inguinal após orquiectomia em equinos: relato de caso / Equine inguinal ring incarceration of small intestine after orchiectomy: a case report / Encarcelamiento de intestino delgado en anillo inguinal después orquiectomia en caballos: report de un caso

O encarceramento de alças intestinais em anel inguinal após uma orquiectomia não é uma complicação usual na casuística hospitalar, caracterizado pelo deslocamento da porção final do jejuno ou do íleo através do canal inguinal, é observado com maior frequência em garanhões após monta natural ou congenitamente em potros. Nas hérnias irredutíveis, a terapêutica é cirúrgica e emergencial e o prognóstico reservado devido às lesões estrangulantes nas alças intestinais. Um equino, macho, 10 anos da raça Puro Sangue Lusitano foi encaminhado ao hospital veterinário da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo para realização de orquiectomia eletiva,e cerca de 2 horas após o procedimento o animal apresentou sintomas de síndrome cólica com evolução aguda,mucosas congestas, sudorese, secreção sero-sanguinolenta na região da incisão cirúrgica e através da palpação escrotal constatou-se a presença de intestino delgado com reflexo doloroso à palpação. O animal foi imediatamente encaminhado para a cirurgia, onde foi realizada a redução da alça intestinal encarcerada, enterectomia de aproximadamente 1,8 metros da porção do jejuno e herniorrafia completa do anel inguinal. A recuperação pós-operatória foi satisfatória, sendo que o animal retornou à atividade atlética e recuperou o seu peso corporal inicial.

The bowel incarceration in the inguinal ring after an orchiectomy is an unusual complication in thecase series, characterized by the displacement of the end portion of the jejunum or ileum through the inguinalcanal, is more frequently observed in stallions after natural mating or congenitally in foals. In the irresolvable hernias, surgical treatment is urgrently required and still the prognosis is poor due to estrangulation of the intestinal wall. One male pure blood horse, 10 years old and Lusitano breed was taken to the Methodist University of SãoPaulo's Veterinary Hospital, for elective orchiectomy - about 2 hours after the procedure the animal presented symptoms of acute colic syndrome with acute, congested mucous, sweating, sero-bloody discharge at the incisionarea and through scrotal palpation was possible to observe the presence of small bowel in the scrotum with painful reflex on touch. The animal was immediately taken to surgery, in which a reduction of the incarceratedbowel loop took place - enterectomy of approximately 1.8 meters from the jejunum part and complete herniarepair of the inguinal ring were performed. Postoperative recovery was satisfactory, since the animal returned toits athletic activity and regained its initial body weight.

El encarcelamiento de los intestinos en el anillo inguinal después de una orquiectomía es una complicación inusual que se caracteriza por el des plazamiento de Ia parte final dei yeyuno o el íleon a través del canal inguinal. Este se observa con mayor frecuencia en los sementales después dei apareamiento natural ocongenitamente en los potros. La hernia irreductible se trata quirúrgicamente y de emergencia y debido a lesionesestrangulantes en Ia pared intestinal el pronóstico es reservado. Un caballo macho de 10 anos de raza Lusitanofue remitido ai hospital veterinário de Ia Universidad Metodista de São Paulo para una orquiectomía electiva,alrededor de 2 horas después dei procedimiento el animal mostró síntomas de síndrome cólico agudo, mucosa congestionada, sudoración, secreción sero-sanguinolenta en el área de Ia incisión y mediante Ia palpación del escroto se pudo observar Ia presencia de intestino delgado en el mismo. AI animal se le practico una enterectomia de emergencia, seccionando aproximadamente 1,8 metros dei yeyuno y cerrando el anillo inguinal. La recuperación posto peratoria fue satisfactoria y el animal regresó a Ia actividad deportiva recuperando su peso corporal inicial.

Encarceramento de intestino delgado em anel inguinal após orquiectomia em equinos: relato de caso / Equine inguinal ring incarceration of small intestine after orchiectomy: a case report / Encarcelamiento de intestino delgado en anillo inguinal después orquiectomia en caballos: report de un caso

O encarceramento de alças intestinais em anel inguinal após uma orquiectomia não é uma complicação usual na casuística hospitalar, caracterizado pelo deslocamento da porção final do jejuno ou do íleo através do canal inguinal, é observado com maior frequência em garanhões após monta natural ou congenitamente em potros. Nas hérnias irredutíveis, a terapêutica é cirúrgica e emergencial e o prognóstico reservado devido às lesões estrangulantes nas alças intestinais. Um equino, macho, 10 anos da raça Puro Sangue Lusitano foi encaminhado ao hospital veterinário da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo para realização de orquiectomia eletiva,e cerca de 2 horas após o procedimento o animal apresentou sintomas de síndrome cólica com evolução aguda,mucosas congestas, sudorese, secreção sero-sanguinolenta na região da incisão cirúrgica e através da palpação escrotal constatou-se a presença de intestino delgado com reflexo doloroso à palpação. O animal foi imediatamente encaminhado para a cirurgia, onde foi realizada a redução da alça intestinal encarcerada, enterectomia de aproximadamente 1,8 metros da porção do jejuno e herniorrafia completa do anel inguinal. A recuperação pós-operatória foi satisfatória, sendo que o animal retornou à atividade atlética e recuperou o seu peso corporal inicial.(AU)

The bowel incarceration in the inguinal ring after an orchiectomy is an unusual complication in thecase series, characterized by the displacement of the end portion of the jejunum or ileum through the inguinalcanal, is more frequently observed in stallions after natural mating or congenitally in foals. In the irresolvable hernias, surgical treatment is urgrently required and still the prognosis is poor due to estrangulation of the intestinal wall. One male pure blood horse, 10 years old and Lusitano breed was taken to the Methodist University of SãoPaulo's Veterinary Hospital, for elective orchiectomy - about 2 hours after the procedure the animal presented symptoms of acute colic syndrome with acute, congested mucous, sweating, sero-bloody discharge at the incisionarea and through scrotal palpation was possible to observe the presence of small bowel in the scrotum with painful reflex on touch. The animal was immediately taken to surgery, in which a reduction of the incarceratedbowel loop took place - enterectomy of approximately 1.8 meters from the jejunum part and complete herniarepair of the inguinal ring were performed. Postoperative recovery was satisfactory, since the animal returned toits athletic activity and regained its initial body weight.(AU)

El encarcelamiento de los intestinos en el anillo inguinal después de una orquiectomía es una complicación inusual que se caracteriza por el des plazamiento de Ia parte final dei yeyuno o el íleon a través del canal inguinal. Este se observa con mayor frecuencia en los sementales después dei apareamiento natural ocongenitamente en los potros. La hernia irreductible se trata quirúrgicamente y de emergencia y debido a lesionesestrangulantes en Ia pared intestinal el pronóstico es reservado. Un caballo macho de 10 anos de raza Lusitanofue remitido ai hospital veterinário de Ia Universidad Metodista de São Paulo para una orquiectomía electiva,alrededor de 2 horas después dei procedimiento el animal mostró síntomas de síndrome cólico agudo, mucosa congestionada, sudoración, secreción sero-sanguinolenta en el área de Ia incisión y mediante Ia palpación del escroto se pudo observar Ia presencia de intestino delgado en el mismo. AI animal se le practico una enterectomia de emergencia, seccionando aproximadamente 1,8 metros dei yeyuno y cerrando el anillo inguinal. La recuperación posto peratoria fue satisfactoria y el animal regresó a Ia actividad deportiva recuperando su peso corporal inicial.(AU)

Diaphragmatic hernia in horse: case report / Hérnia diafragmática em equino: relato de caso

The diaphragmatic hernia is a rare cause of colic in equine and may be congenital or acquired. The intestine is commonly involved in cases of diaphragmatic hernia, and clinical signs are related to the intestinal segment involved and the extension, obstruction may occur from a simple process to a strangulating. Often, clinical signs are characterized by acute abdominal whit severe pain, dyspnea and tachypnea. The diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia can be difficult, and in most cases only is established during surgery or at necropsy. This paper reports a diaphragmatic hernia case in a quarter horse stallion, with 14 years of age showing acute abdominal signs. The clinical examination showed tachycardia, tachypnea and absence of intestinal motility. Turbidity, increase of leukocytes and protein was observed in the analysis of peritoneal fluid. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, but due to the presence of hemorrhagic mesentery, intestinal ischemia, and irreducible incarceration of the jejunum in epiploic foramen, euthanasia was decided. Furthermore, at necropsy, was observed a diaphragmatic hernia with presence of the small intestine in the thorax.

A hérnia diafragmática é uma causa rara de cólica em equinos, podendo ser de origem congênita ou adquirida. Comumente, o intestino encontra-se envolvido nos casos de hérnia diafragmática, sendo que quadro clínico está relacionado ao segmento intestinal envolvido e a extensão da obstrução intestinal, podendo ocorrer desde uma obstrução simples até um processo estrangulante. Frequentemente, os sinais clínicos se caracterizam por desconforto abdominal agudo de intensidade grave, dispneia e/ ou taquipneia. O diagnóstico de hérnia diafragmática pode ser difícil, e na maioria das vezes só é estabelecido durante o procedimento cirúrgico ou na necropsia. O presente trabalho relata a ocorrência de uma hérnia diafragmática em um garanhão, quarto de milha de 14 anos de idade apresentando sinais de desconforto abdominal agudo. O exame físico revelou taquicardia, taquipneia e ausência de motilidade intestinal. A análise do líquido peritoneal mostrou turbidez, aumento de leucócitos e aumento de proteína. O equino foi submetido à laparotomia exploratória, mas devido à presença de mesentério hemorrágico, isquemia intestinal e encarceramento irredutível do jejuno em forâmen epiplóico, decidiuse pela eutanásia. Além destes achados, na necropsia, foi observada uma hérnia diafragmática com presença de intestino delgado no tórax.

Diaphragmatic hernia in horse: case report / Hérnia diafragmática em equino: relato de caso

The diaphragmatic hernia is a rare cause of colic in equine and may be congenital or acquired. The intestine is commonly involved in cases of diaphragmatic hernia, and clinical signs are related to the intestinal segment involved and the extension, obstruction may occur from a simple process to a strangulating. Often, clinical signs are characterized by acute abdominal whit severe pain, dyspnea and tachypnea. The diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia can be difficult, and in most cases only is established during surgery or at necropsy. This paper reports a diaphragmatic hernia case in a quarter horse stallion, with 14 years of age showing acute abdominal signs. The clinical examination showed tachycardia, tachypnea and absence of intestinal motility. Turbidity, increase of leukocytes and protein was observed in the analysis of peritoneal fluid. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, but due to the presence of hemorrhagic mesentery, intestinal ischemia, and irreducible incarceration of the jejunum in epiploic foramen, euthanasia was decided. Furthermore, at necropsy, was observed a diaphragmatic hernia with presence of the small intestine in the thorax.

A hérnia diafragmática é uma causa rara de cólica em equinos, podendo ser de origem congênita ou adquirida. Comumente, o intestino encontra-se envolvido nos casos de hérnia diafragmática, sendo que quadro clínico está relacionado ao segmento intestinal envolvido e a extensão da obstrução intestinal, podendo ocorrer desde uma obstrução simples até um processo estrangulante. Frequentemente, os sinais clínicos se caracterizam por desconforto abdominal agudo de intensidade grave, dispneia e/ ou taquipneia. O diagnóstico de hérnia diafragmática pode ser difícil, e na maioria das vezes só é estabelecido durante o procedimento cirúrgico ou na necropsia. O presente trabalho relata a ocorrência de uma hérnia diafragmática em um garanhão, quarto de milha de 14 anos de idade apresentando sinais de desconforto abdominal agudo. O exame físico revelou taquicardia, taquipneia e ausência de motilidade intestinal. A análise do líquido peritoneal mostrou turbidez, aumento de leucócitos e aumento de proteína. O equino foi submetido à laparotomia exploratória, mas devido à presença de mesentério hemorrágico, isquemia intestinal e encarceramento irredutível do jejuno em forâmen epiplóico, decidiuse pela eutanásia. Além destes achados, na necropsia, foi observada uma hérnia diafragmática com presença de intestino delgado no tórax. 

Diaphragmatic hernia in horse: case report / Hérnia diafragmática em equino: relato de caso

The diaphragmatic hernia is a rare cause of colic in equine and may be congenital or acquired. The intestine is commonly involved in cases of diaphragmatic hernia, and clinical signs are related to the intestinal segment involved and the extension, obstruction may occur from a simple process to a strangulating. Often, clinical signs are characterized by acute abdominal whit severe pain, dyspnea and tachypnea. The diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia can be difficult, and in most cases only is established during surgery or at necropsy. This paper reports a diaphragmatic hernia case in a quarter horse stallion, with 14 years of age showing acute abdominal signs. The clinical examination showed tachycardia, tachypnea and absence of intestinal motility. Turbidity, increase of leukocytes and protein was observed in the analysis of peritoneal fluid. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, but due to the presence of hemorrhagic mesentery, intestinal ischemia, and irreducible incarceration of the jejunum in epiploic foramen, euthanasia was decided. Furthermore, at necropsy, was observed a diaphragmatic hernia with presence of the small intestine in the thorax.

A hérnia diafragmática é uma causa rara de cólica em equinos, podendo ser de origem congênita ou adquirida. Comumente, o intestino encontra-se envolvido nos casos de hérnia diafragmática, sendo que quadro clínico está relacionado ao segmento intestinal envolvido e a extensão da obstrução intestinal, podendo ocorrer desde uma obstrução simples até um processo estrangulante. Frequentemente, os sinais clínicos se caracterizam por desconforto abdominal agudo de intensidade grave, dispneia e/ ou taquipneia. O diagnóstico de hérnia diafragmática pode ser difícil, e na maioria das vezes só é estabelecido durante o procedimento cirúrgico ou na necropsia. O presente trabalho relata a ocorrência de uma hérnia diafragmática em um garanhão, quarto de milha de 14 anos de idade apresentando sinais de desconforto abdominal agudo. O exame físico revelou taquicardia, taquipneia e ausência de motilidade intestinal. A análise do líquido peritoneal mostrou turbidez, aumento de leucócitos e aumento de proteína. O equino foi submetido à laparotomia exploratória, mas devido à presença de mesentério hemorrágico, isquemia intestinal e encarceramento irredutível do jejuno em forâmen epiplóico, decidiuse pela eutanásia. Além destes achados, na necropsia, foi observada uma hérnia diafragmática com presença de intestino delgado no tórax. 

Encarceramento do intestino delgado devido a hérnia inguinal em Ccnino: relato de caso / Small intestine incarceration due to a inguinal hérnia in dog: case report

Uma hérnia abdominal se caracteriza por um defeito na cavidade abdominal pelo qual pode protuir parte do conteúdo abdominal. Essas são classificadas como verdadeiras, assim chamadas por possuírem saco peritoneal completo e, geralmente, são de origens congênitas; ou falsas, pois não contêm saco peritoneal e cujo defeito é, geralmente, criado por traumatismo acidental. Por sua vez, a hérnia inguinal resulta de defeito no anel inguinal, por onde pode ocorrer a protusão visceral. O presente trabalho objetiva relatar a ocorrência de encarceramento do intestino delgado em uma fêmea canina, sem raça definida, com 10 anos de idade, a qual foi trazida à clínica particular apresentando aumento de volume inguinal esquerdo, leve algia à palpação e de aparecimento há cerca de trinta dias do término do estro. Após a realização dos exames pré-cirúrgicos de rotina, procedeu-se a herniorrafia inguinal, na qual se encontrou como conteúdo o intestino delgado encarcerado. Este apresentava áreas de necrose, motivo pelo qual realizou-se estável, retornando a seu estado corporal normal(AU)

An abdominal hernia is characterized by a defect in the abdominal cavity which results in protusion part of the abdominal content. They are said to be true, they have an integral peritonal sack, these are generaly congenital origin. In contrast the false has no peritoneal sack and this defect is generally due to na accident trauma suffered in na accident. The inguinal hernia is the result of a inguinal ring defect wich allows intestines protusion. This article reports the case of an incarceration of the small intestine in a female canine, mixed-breed, aged 10, that on first exam presented an abdominal intestine volume on the left side, slighthly sensitive when examined. It emerged about one month afther the end of the estrus. Routine pre-surgical exams concluded a inguinal herniorrafy. The samll intestine was found incarcerated, with some necrosis. The affected segment was removed. After the procedure the patiente was stable, with time returning to regular healthy state(AU)

Encarceramento do intestino delgado devido a hérnia inguinal em Ccnino: relato de caso / Small intestine incarceration due to a inguinal hérnia in dog: case report

Uma hérnia abdominal se caracteriza por um defeito na cavidade abdominal pelo qual pode protuir parte do conteúdo abdominal. Essas são classificadas como verdadeiras, assim chamadas por possuírem saco peritoneal completo e, geralmente, são de origens congênitas; ou falsas, pois não contêm saco peritoneal e cujo defeito é, geralmente, criado por traumatismo acidental. Por sua vez, a hérnia inguinal resulta de defeito no anel inguinal, por onde pode ocorrer a protusão visceral. O presente trabalho objetiva relatar a ocorrência de encarceramento do intestino delgado em uma fêmea canina, sem raça definida, com 10 anos de idade, a qual foi trazida à clínica particular apresentando aumento de volume inguinal esquerdo, leve algia à palpação e de aparecimento há cerca de trinta dias do término do estro. Após a realização dos exames pré-cirúrgicos de rotina, procedeu-se a herniorrafia inguinal, na qual se encontrou como conteúdo o intestino delgado encarcerado. Este apresentava áreas de necrose, motivo pelo qual realizou-se estável, retornando a seu estado corporal normal

An abdominal hernia is characterized by a defect in the abdominal cavity which results in protusion part of the abdominal content. They are said to be true, they have an integral peritonal sack, these are generaly congenital origin. In contrast the false has no peritoneal sack and this defect is generally due to na accident trauma suffered in na accident. The inguinal hernia is the result of a inguinal ring defect wich allows intestines protusion. This article reports the case of an incarceration of the small intestine in a female canine, mixed-breed, aged 10, that on first exam presented an abdominal intestine volume on the left side, slighthly sensitive when examined. It emerged about one month afther the end of the estrus. Routine pre-surgical exams concluded a inguinal herniorrafy. The samll intestine was found incarcerated, with some necrosis. The affected segment was removed. After the procedure the patiente was stable, with time returning to regular healthy state