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This study assessed the efficacy of magnesium sulfate and ketamine hydrochloride in reducing the demand for propofol, remifentanil, and postoperative rescue analgesia in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Thirty cats were premedicated with acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) and morphine (0.3 mg/kg) intramuscularly and induced to unconsciousness with propofol for orotracheal intubation. The continuous infusion (CI) of propofol and remifentanil were started and animals and were randomly allocated into three groups: the magnesium sulfate group (MG) received one bolus (50 mg/kg) and CI (80 mg/kg/h) of magnesium sulfate; the ketamine group (KG) received bolus (0.5 mg/kg) and CI (1.8 mg/kg/h) of ketamine hydrochloride; the control group (CG) received bolus and CI of 0.9% saline solution. Cardiovascular and respiratory functions, extubation time, and rescue postoperative scores were assessed and data were described with a significance level of 95% (P < 0.05). The infusion period of treatments was 21.5 ± 3.4 and 21.0 ± 2.4 minutes in the KG and MG, respectively (P = 0.194). The infusion rates of remifentanil (P = 0.336) and propofol (P = 0.716) were similar between groups. Analysis of the postoperative pain scales revealed no significant intergroup differences in rescue frequency, rescue score, and time to the first rescue analgesia. In conclusion, the proposed protocols were safe and effective, yet it is noteworthy that both magnesium sulfate and ketamine failed to demonstrate significant additional postoperative analgesic or adjuvant anesthetic effects.

Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia do sulfato de magnésio e cetamina em reduzir o requerimento de propofol, remifentanil e o resgate analgésico pós-operatório de gatas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Trinta gatas foram pré-medicadas com acepromazina (0,05 mg/kg) e morfina (0,3 mg/kg), intramuscular, e induzidas a inconsciência com propofol para intubação orotraqueal. As infusões contínuas (IC) de propofol e remifentanil foram iniciadas e os animais foram aleatoriamente alocados em três grupos: grupo sulfato de magnésio (MG) que recebeu bolus (50 mg/kg) e IC (80 mg/kg) de sulfato de magnésio; grupo cetamina (KG) que recebeu bolus (0,5 mg/kg) e IC (1,8 mg/kg/h) de cetamina; grupo controle (CG) que recebeu bolus e IC de solução salina 0,9%. As funções cardiovasculares e respiratórias, o tempo de extubação e a pontuação de resgate pós-operatório foram registrados e descritos com nível de significância de 95% (P < 0.05). O tempo de infusão dos tratamentos foi de 21,5 ± 3,4 e 21,0 ± 2,4 minutos no KG e MG, respectivamente (P = 0.194). As taxas de infusões de remifentanil (P = 0.336) e propofol (P = 0.716) foram similares entre grupos. Na análise de dor pós-operatória as escalas não demonstraram diferenças entre grupos quanto a número de resgates, pontuação de resgate ou tempo para o primeiro resgate. Em conclusão, os protocolos propostos foram seguros e efetivos. Contudo, o sulfato de magnésio e cetamina não demonstraram analgesia pós-operatória adicional ou efeitos adjuvantes anestésicos significativos.

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This study explored the migration of follicular fluid (FF)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) of the uterine environment to the bloodstream and their interaction with neutrophils in vivo and in vitro. For the in vivo experiment, six Nellore heifers (Bos indicus) received an intrauterine infusion seven days after ovulation with 1X PBS only (sham group; n=1), 1X PBS stained with lipophilic dye PKH26 (control group; n=2), or FF-derived EVs stained with PKH26 (treated group; n=3). Plasma was collected at 0, 10, 30, 60-, 180-, 360-, 720-, and 1440-min post-infusion to obtained EVs for analysis by nano flow cytometry. Labeled EVs were present in the bloodstream at 30- and 60-min post-infusion in the treatment group. Additionally, plasma derived-EVs from all groups were positive for Calcein-AM, Alix, Syntenin, and Calnexin, which confirm the presence of EVs. The second experiment utilized the plasma-derived EVs from the heifers from 30 and 60 min timepoints to evaluate if neutrophils can uptake EVs in vitro. As results, it was possible to observe the presence of labeled EVs in neutrophils treated with plasma derived-EVs from the treatment group. In summary, our results suggest that labeled EVs can migrate from the uterine environment rapidly and interact with circulating immune cells in bovine.(AU)

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ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an electrolyte solution with a high lactate concentration (84mEq/L; L84) in correcting imbalances in diarrheal calves. Another solution with similar electrolyte composition, containing 84mEq/L of bicarbonate (B84) was used for comparison. Diarrhea was induced in neonatal calves by rotavirus infection, sucrose ingestion and furosemide administration. When a moderate degree of metabolic acidosis was reached, the calves were treated with intravenous infusion of L84 (n=10) or B84 (n=10) solutions. Venous blood and urine samples were collected before starting the infusion (0 h), in the middle (2.5 h), at the end (5.0 h) and 2.5 hours later. Total plasma protein concentration, blood and urine pH, blood pCO2, HCO3 -, and BE, plasma and urine concentration of L-lactate, and serum and urine concentrations of Na+, K+, and Cl- were measured. Strong ion difference, total concentration of non-volatile weak acids, anion gap, strong ion gap, percentage change in plasma volume, and urinary fractional clearances of Na+, K+, Cl-, and L-lactate were calculated. The calves demonstrated moderate dehydration, hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and unmeasured anion accumulation. These changes were completely corrected with the L84 solution, and the effects did not differ from those observed with B84 solution. The calves recovered without further therapeutic procedures, demonstrating that the L84 solution was effective for treating diarrheal calves.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de uma solução eletrolítica com concentração elevada de lactato (84 mEq/L; L84) para corrigir os desequilíbrios em bezerros diarreicos. Outra solução com composição eletrolítica similar, contendo 84 mEq/L de bicarbonato (B84), foi utilizada para comparação. Diarreia foi induzida em bezerros neonatos por infecção com rotavírus, ingestão de sacarose e administração de furosemida. Quando o grau moderado de acidose metabólica foi alcançado, os bezerros foram tratados com as soluções intravenosas L84 (n=10) ou B84 (n=10). Amostras de sangue venoso e de urina foram colhidas antes de iniciar a infusão (0 h), na metade (2,5 h), ao término (5,0 h) e 2,5 horas após. Determinaram-se proteína plasmática total, pH sanguíneo e urinário, pCO2, HCO3 - e BE sanguíneos, concentração plasmática e urinária de lactato L e concentrações séricas e urinárias de Na+, K+ e Cl-. Calcularam-se a diferença de íons fortes, a concentração de ácidos fracos não voláteis, o hiato aniônico, o hiato de íons fortes, a variação percentual do volume plasmático e as excreções fracionadas urinárias de Na+, K+, Cl- e lactato L. Os bezerros apresentaram desidratação moderada, hipernatremia, hipercloremia, acidose metabólica e acúmulo de ânions não mensurados. Essas alterações foram completamente corrigidas com a solução L84, e os efeitos não diferiram dos observados com a solução B84. Os bezerros se recuperaram sem outros procedimentos terapêuticos, comprovando que a solução L84 é eficaz para o tratamento de bezerros diarreicos.

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It aimed to compare the trans anesthetic clinical and perioperative analgesic effects by prolonged continuous infusion of fentanyl (GF, bolus of 5 µg/kg and continuous infusion (CI) of 15 µg/kg/h) or remifentanil (GR, CI of 18 µg/kg/h) in dogs undergoing to elective ovariohysterectomy. Twenty female healthy dogs were premedicated with acepromazine, inducted to unconsciousness with propofol and kept under anesthesia with isoflurane. The M0 (baseline) was recorded and animals were randomly allocated in GF (n = 10) or GR (n = 10), recording clinical and blood gas parameters every 15 minutes (M15…M120) for two hours and, after, during surgery, adjusting the opioid rate according to surgical requirement. The isoflurane vaporization reduced by up to 47% and 42% in GF and GR, respectively, when compared to M0. During the first two hours of CI, six animals of each group required atropine intervention and three animals of GF required ephedrine. The number of rate adjustments during intraoperative was significant higher in GR when compared to GF (P = 0.0248). By the Log-rank test, there was a higher possibility of not receiving analgesic rescue in the first 30 minutes of postoperative in GF when compared to GR (P < 0.0001) and all animals required analgesic rescue during the firsts 3 and 6 hours in GR and GF, respectively. It is concluded that, when the proposal continuous infusions were compared, fentanyl required fewer analgesic rescues during perioperative, nonetheless, it is recommended rate adjustment during intraoperative and additional analgesia for postoperative for both treatments.

Objetivou-se comparar os efeitos clínicos intraoperatórios e analgésico perioperatório ofertados pela infusão contínua prolongada de fentanil (GF, bolus de 5 µg/kg e infusão contínua (IC) de 15 µg/kg/h) ou remifentanil (GR, IC de 18 µg/kg/h) em cadelas submetidas a ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Vinte cadelas hígidas foram pré-medicadas com acepromazina e induzidas com propofol e mantidas sob anestesia com isoflurano. Registrado M0 (basal) os animais foram alocados aleatoriamente em GF (n = 10) ou GR (n = 10), registrando parâmetros clínicos e hemogasométricos a cada 15 minutos (M15...M120), totalizando 02h e, posteriormente, durante o procedimento cirúrgico, sendo a taxa do opioide alterada conforme o requerimento cirúrgico.A vaporização de isoflurano reduziu em até 47% e 42% no GF e GR, respectivamente, em relação ao M0. Durante as primeiras duas horas de IC, seis animais de cada grupo necessitaram de intervenção com atropina e três animais do GF de efedrina. O número de ajustes de taxas no intraoperatório foi significativamente maior no GR comparado ao GF (P = 0,0248). Pelo teste de Log-rank, houve maior probabilidade de não receber resgate analgésico nos primeiros 30 minutos de pós-operatório no GF comparado ao GR (P < 0,0001) e todos os animais necessitaram de resgate analgésico dentro das primeiras três e seis horas no GR e GF, respectivamente. Conclui-se que, nas taxas propostas, a utilização de fentanil necessitou de menos resgates analgésicos no intra e pós-operatório, no entanto, recomenda-se ajuste de taxa intraoperatória e analgesia suplementar pós-operatória em ambos os tratamentos.

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ABSTRACT The aim of the present negatively controlled, randomized clinical trial was to assess dry matter intake (DMI) and behavior in cows with mild and moderate naturally occurring CM caused by gram-negative or culture-negative pathogens. Enrolled cases were assigned to either the negative control or to the treatment group, which received one infusion of intramammary ciprofloxacin for three consecutive days. Behavior was assessed through neck collars which monitors rumination, activity, and rest times. Electronic feeders were used to record feeding behavior and DMI. Also, average daily milk yield, milk composition, somatic cells count (SCC), and white blood cells count (WBC) were evaluated. Of a total of 67 cases of CM, 23 met the criteria to enter the experiment and were enrolled to the negative control (n=13) and to the treated group (n=10). There was no difference in behavior between groups throughout the studied period. Also, no difference was found in DMI, feeding behavior and in the other parameters between negative control and treated cases. Therefore, the selective treatment did not have negative impacts on behavior and DMI, as well as in the other parameters. This therapeutic strategy can be beneficial since reduces costs and the use of antimicrobials in dairy farms.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente ensaio clínico foi avaliar o consumo de matéria seca (CMS) e o comportamento de vacas diagnosticadas com mastite clínica (MC) leve ou moderada, provocada por patógenos Gram negativos ou com cultura negativa. Os casos foram designados para o grupo controle negativo ou grupo tratamento, o qual recebeu uma infusão intramamária de ciprofloxacino por três dias consecutivos. O comportamento foi avaliado por meio de coleiras que monitoram os tempos de ruminação, de atividade e de ócio. Cochos eletrônicos foram utilizados para registrar o comportamento alimentar e o CMS. Além disso, a produção média diária de leite, a composição do leite, a contagem de células somáticas e a contagem de leucócitos também foram avaliadas. A partir de 67 casos de MC, 23 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram designados para o grupo controle negativo (n=13) e para o grupo tratamento (n=10). Não foram encontradas diferenças no comportamento entre os grupos, durante o período experimental. Ademais, não houve diferença para o CMS, o comportamento alimentar e os demais parâmetros, entre o controle negativo e os casos tratados. Assim, o tratamento seletivo não trouxe impactos negativos sobre os parâmetros estudados. Essa estratégia terapêutica pode ser benéfica por reduzir custos e o uso de antimicrobianos, nas propriedades leiteiras.

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Abstract Ferns are often used by indigenous people in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study was designed to collect the ethnomedicinal and traditional knowledge of these locals about this group of vascular plants. Forty taxa belong to nineteen genera and ten families are used in the treatment of different diseases. The Pteridaceae was the most representative family with twelve taxa (30%), followed by Athyriaceae and Dryopteridaceae with six taxa each (30%), and Thelypteridaceae with five taxa (12.5%). Regarding the genera, Adiantum, Asplenium and Dryopteris ranked first with four taxa each (30%), followed by Aleuritopteris, Diplazium, Pteris and Equisetum with three taxa each (30%), followed by Athyrium, Oeosporangium, Polystichum and Pseudophegopteris with two taxa each (20%). These taxa were commonly used in the treatment of respiratory disorders i.e. asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia; intestinal ulcer, stomach, urinary ailments and skin disorders by the methods of decoction and infusion. Traditional knowledge about ethnomedicinal plants is a valuable and essential source for the discovery of allopathic, herbal and homeopathic medicines.

Resumo As samambaias são frequentemente usadas pelos indígenas em Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão. Este estudo foi desenhado para coletar o conhecimento etnomedicinal e tradicional desses moradores sobre este grupo de plantas vasculares. Quarenta táxons pertencem a dezenove gêneros, e dez famílias são utilizadas no tratamento de diferentes doenças. Pteridaceae foi a família mais representativa com doze táxons (30%), seguida por Athyriaceae e Dryopteridaceae com seis táxons cada (30%), e Thelypteridaceae com cinco táxons (12,5%). Em relação aos gêneros, Adiantum, Asplenium e Dryopteris ficaram em primeiro lugar com quatro táxons cada (30%), seguidos por Aleuritopteris, Diplazium, Pteris e Equisetum com três táxons cada (30%), e Athyrium, Oeosporangium, Polystichum e Pseudophegopteris com dois táxons cada (20%). Estes táxons foram comumente usados no tratamento de distúrbios respiratórios, isto é, asma, bronquite, enfisema, pneumonia; úlcera intestinal, estômago, doenças urinárias e doenças da pele pelos métodos de decocção e infusão. O conhecimento tradicional sobre plantas etnomedicinais é uma fonte valiosa e essencial para a descoberta de medicamentos alopáticos, fitoterápicos e homeopáticos.

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Neste estudo, as principais variáveis do teste de antagonismo Spot-on-the-Lawn, como concentrações de Salmonella Heidelberg e Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11742 e volumes de meio foram investigadas, sendo ao final proposto um modelo de padronização, visando à diminuição de variações individuais e à replicabilidade do teste. Três concentrações de cada bactéria foram preparadas (concentrada, intermediária e diluída), além de três volumes de caldo Brain Heart Infusion (10, 15 e 20mL). O teste de antagonismo foi realizado, sob todas as variações, entre concentrações bacterianas e volumes de meio, resultando em 27 unidades experimentais diferentes e nove halos de inibição por unidade. As comparações permitem concluir que o uso de valores extremos para as concentrações de ambas as bactérias e os volumes de meio leva à super ou subestimação dos halos de inibição. Assim, o ideal é a utilização de concentrações bacterianas e de volumes de meio similares e intermediárias.

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This study compared cardiovascular and respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and xylazine in total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, ketamine, and lidocaine. Twenty-one female dogs were submitted to ovariohysterectomy, premedicated with acepromazine and anesthetized with propofol at a variable rate. The dogs were intubated and supplemented with 100% oxygen in a circuit without rebreathing gases in spontaneous ventilation. They were divided into three groups (n=21) after induction: control (CON) with ketamine (2 mg/kg + 0.6 mg/kg/h) and lidocaine (2 mg/kg + 3 mg/kg/h), DEX and XIL with the same drugs as CON, associated with dexmedetomidine (2 µg/kg + 1 µg/kg/h) or xylazine (0.2 mg/kg + 0.1 mg/kg/h). Propofol consumption, fentanyl analgesic rescue, and cardiorespiratory and blood gas parameters were evaluated during anesthesia. The DEX group had a lower consumption of propofol (0.16 ± 0.09 mg/kg/min) compared to CON (0.24 ± 0.09 mg/kg/min), both not differing from XIL (0.23 ± 0.09 mg/kg/min). The mean arterial pressure was higher after the initial bolus in DEX (107 ± 8 mmHg) and XIL (96 ± 11 mmHg) compared to the CON group (80 ± 10 mmHg). Higher accumulation of arterial carbon dioxide and a decrease in pH were observed in the CON group. The total number of fentanyl rescues did not differ between DEX (7) and XIL (6) and were lower than CON (16). Therefore, dexmedetomidine and xylazine reduced intraoperative fentanyl consumption compared to ketamine and lidocaine infusion alone. However, only dexmedetomidine promoted lower propofol consumption and higher blood pressure values.

Esse estudo comparou efeitos cardiovasculares e respiratórios da dexmedetomidina e xilazina na anestesia total intravenosa com propofol, cetamina e lidocaína. Foram submetidas a ovário-histerectomia 21 cadelas, pré-medicadas com acepromazina, anestesiadas com propofol em taxa variável. As cadelas foram intubadas e suplementadas com oxigênio 100% em circuito sem reinalação de gases em ventilação espontânea. Após a indução, foram distribuídas em três grupos (n=21): controle (CON) com cetamina (2 mg/kg + 0,6 mg/kg/h) e lidocaína (2 mg/kg + 3 mg/kg/h), DEX e XIL com os mesmos fármacos do CON, associados à dexmedetomidina (2 µg/kg + 1 µg/kg/h) ou xilazina (0,2 mg/kg + 0,1 mg/kg/h). Durante a anestesia, foram avaliados o consumo de propofol, resgate analgésico de fentanil, parâmetros cardiorepiratórios e hemogasométricos. O grupo DEX apresentou menor consumo de propofol (0,16 ± 0,09 mg/kg/min) comparado ao CON (0,24 ± 0,09 mg/kg/min), ambos sem diferir de XIL (0,23 ± 0,09 mg/kg/min). A pressão arterial média foi maior após o bolus inicial em DEX (107 ± 8 mmHg) e XIL (96 ± 11 mmHg) comparadas ao grupo CON (80 ± 10 mmHg). Houve maior acúmulo de gás carbônico arterial e diminuição do pH no grupo CON. O número total de resgates com fentanil não diferiram entre DEX (7) e XIL (6), e foram inferiores ao CON (16). Conclui-se que a dexmedetomidina e xilazina reduziram o consumo de fentanil transoperatório em comparação à infusão isolada de cetamina e lidocaína. Porém, nesse estudo apenas a dexmedetomidina promoveu menor consumo de propofol e maiores valores de pressão arterial.

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Abstract Cisplatin is an antineoplastic medicine used in the treatment for various types of cancer. Among its side effects is ototoxicity, which may result in a bilateral and irreversible hearing loss. The ototoxic effect in the pediatric population has a bigger impact as it compromises language acquisition. The discovery of drugs with otoprotective effects and the optimal way to administer them have become significant challenges in minimizing the impact of cisplatin regarding auditory function. The objective was to understand otoprotective drugs and their relevance in the preventive treatment to cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in childhood. An integrative review was conducted by consulting databases including PubMed, Bireme, MedLine, LILACS, SciELO, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The search strategy was performed by crossing descriptors (DeCS and MeSH) and free terms. Studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were selected, with no publication year restrictions. Subsequently, articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 736 articles were found in PubMed, 431 in Bireme, 425 in MedLine, 6 in LILACS, 0 in SciELO, and 4 in ClinicalTrials.gov. After document analysis, 12 articles were selected for full analysis. Evidence was found for 8 substances with potential otoprotective effects when used with cisplatin, which tend to minimize the impact of cisplatin regarding auditory function. The substances found were: Amifostine, Dexamethasone, Genistein, Ginkgo Biloba, Lycopene, N-acetylcysteine, Polydatin also Sodium Thiosulfate. In general, these drugs are applied before, during, or after cisplatin infusion, depending on the chosen drug, via intravenous, oral, or transtympanic injections, acting as antioxidant therapy. The biochemical effects of these substances are relevant to their potential otoprotective properties, including the inactivation of oxygen free radicals and electrophilic platinum species. The use of these substances can reduce ototoxicity, decreasing cisplatin-induced hearing loss and improving the confort of life, especially for children.

Resumo Cisplatina é um antineoplásico utilizado para o tratamento de diversos tipos de câncer. Dentre os efeitos colaterais está a ototoxicidadeque pode acarretar a perda auditiva bilateral e irreversível. O efeito ototóxico na população pediátrica tem impacto maior ao comprometer a aquisição da linguagem. A descoberta de drogas com efeito otoprotetor e a melhor forma de administrá-las tornaram-se grandes desafios para minimizar o impacto da cisplatina a respeito da função auditiva. O objetivo foi conhecer as drogas otoprotetoras e sua relevância no tratamento preventivo da ototoxicidade mediada pelo uso da cisplatina na infância. A revisão integrativa foi realizada através da consulta as bases de dados Pubmed, Bireme, MedLine, LILACS, SciELO e ClinicalTrials.gov. A estratégia de busca foi realizada ao cruzar os descritores (DeCS e MeSH) e os termos livres. Foram selecionados estudos publicados em inglês, espanhol e português, não havendo restrição do ano de publicação. Posteriormente, os artigos foram selecionados de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Foram encontrados 736 artigos na Pubmed, 431 na Bireme, 425 na MedLine, 6 na LILACS, 0 na SciELO e 4 na ClinicalTrials.gov. Após a análise dos documentos foram selecionados 12 artigos para análise na íntegra. Foram encontradas evidências de 8 substâncias com potencial efeito otoprotetor quando usadas com a cisplatina, as quais tendem a minimizar o impacto do efeito da cisplatina sobre a função auditiva. As substâncias encontradas foram: Amifostina, Dexametasona, Genisteína, Ginkgo Biloba, Licopeno, N-acetilcisteína, Polidatinae Tiossulfato de Sódio. Em geral, essas drogas são aplicadas antes, durante ou depois da infusão de cisplatina, a depender da droga escolhida, com administração de maneira intravenosa, via oral ou por injeções transtimpânicas, agindo como terapia antioxidante. Os efeitos bioquímicos dessas substâncias são relevantes para os seus potenciaisotoprotetores, incluindo a inativação de radicais livres de oxigênio e espécies eletrofílicas de platina. O uso dessas substâncias pode reduzir a ototoxicidade, diminuindo a perda auditiva induzida pela cisplatina e aumentando o conforto de vida, especialmente para crianças.

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Purpose: Full-endoscopic spine surgery (FESS) is associated with specific complications, possibly linked to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) resulting from continuous saline infusion into the epidural space. This study aimed to assess the impact of saline irrigation and its correlation with noninvasively obtained ICP waveform changes. Methods: Patients undergoing FESS between January 2019 and November 2020 were included. Noninvasive ICP (n-ICP) monitoring utilized an extracranial strain sensor generating ICP waveforms, from which parameters P2/P1 ratio and time to peak (TTP) values were derived and correlated to irrigation and vital parameters. Documentation occurred at specific surgical intervals (M0-preoperatively; M1 to M4-intraoperatively; M5-postoperatively). Mixed-model analysis of variance and multiple comparisons tests were applied, with M0 as the baseline. Results: Among 31 enrolled patients, three experienced headaches unrelated to increased ICP at M5. The P2/P1 ratio and TTP decreased during surgery (p < 0.001 and p < 0.004, respectively). Compared to baseline, P2/P1 ratio and vital parameters remained significantly lower at M5. No significant differences were observed for fluid parameters throughout surgery. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a decline in the n-ICP parameters after anesthetic induction despite the anticipated increase in ICP due to constant epidural irrigation. The n-ICP parameters behaved independently of fluid parameters, suggesting a potential protective effect of anesthesia.

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Abstract Ferns are often used by indigenous people in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study was designed to collect the ethnomedicinal and traditional knowledge of these locals about this group of vascular plants. Forty taxa belong to nineteen genera and ten families are used in the treatment of different diseases. The Pteridaceae was the most representative family with twelve taxa (30%), followed by Athyriaceae and Dryopteridaceae with six taxa each (30%), and Thelypteridaceae with five taxa (12.5%). Regarding the genera, Adiantum, Asplenium and Dryopteris ranked first with four taxa each (30%), followed by Aleuritopteris, Diplazium, Pteris and Equisetum with three taxa each (30%), followed by Athyrium, Oeosporangium, Polystichum and Pseudophegopteris with two taxa each (20%). These taxa were commonly used in the treatment of respiratory disorders i.e. asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia; intestinal ulcer, stomach, urinary ailments and skin disorders by the methods of decoction and infusion. Traditional knowledge about ethnomedicinal plants is a valuable and essential source for the discovery of allopathic, herbal and homeopathic medicines.

Resumo As samambaias são frequentemente usadas pelos indígenas em Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão. Este estudo foi desenhado para coletar o conhecimento etnomedicinal e tradicional desses moradores sobre este grupo de plantas vasculares. Quarenta táxons pertencem a dezenove gêneros, e dez famílias são utilizadas no tratamento de diferentes doenças. Pteridaceae foi a família mais representativa com doze táxons (30%), seguida por Athyriaceae e Dryopteridaceae com seis táxons cada (30%), e Thelypteridaceae com cinco táxons (12,5%). Em relação aos gêneros, Adiantum, Asplenium e Dryopteris ficaram em primeiro lugar com quatro táxons cada (30%), seguidos por Aleuritopteris, Diplazium, Pteris e Equisetum com três táxons cada (30%), e Athyrium, Oeosporangium, Polystichum e Pseudophegopteris com dois táxons cada (20%). Estes táxons foram comumente usados ​​no tratamento de distúrbios respiratórios, isto é, asma, bronquite, enfisema, pneumonia; úlcera intestinal, estômago, doenças urinárias e doenças da pele pelos métodos de decocção e infusão. O conhecimento tradicional sobre plantas etnomedicinais é uma fonte valiosa e essencial para a descoberta de medicamentos alopáticos, fitoterápicos e homeopáticos.

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Four strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cows with mastitis were assessed as to in vitro sensitivity to four commercial disinfectants (chlorine, polvidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, and lactic acid) used in teat pre- and post-dipping, in the presence and absence of organic matter. The concentration of the disinfectants was determined in accordance with the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. Four isolates identified as S. aureus from cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis were subjected to susceptibility testing against disinfectants through an absorbance evaluation at 600 nm on a spectrophotometer. Exposure times (15", 30", 60" and 90") were clocked, and streaking was performed in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium. The iodine sample presented a lower concentration (1.9%) than that given by the manufacturer (2.5%). There was greater (p < 0.05) in vitro disinfectant activity for chlorhexidine and chlorine, with and without organic matter. However, inhibition by organic matter occurred more intensely in the iodine disinfectant (99.0%). The inhibition percentage of S. aureus against iodine and lactic acid at 15, 30, 60 and 90 s was numerically lower than against chlorhexidine and chlorine, regardless of organic matter. Therefore, chlorhexidine and chlorine have greater inhibitory activity against S. aureus, both with and without organic matter.(AU)

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The objective of this study was to examine the effects of various ventilation modalities in sheep anesthetized with isoflurane or propofol. Twelve healthy adult crossbred ewes, aged 12 months and weighing 32±5 kg, were used in the study. After instrumentation with conscious animals in the right lateral decubitus position, they were administered morphine (0.3 mg kg-1) and detomidine (20 mcg kg-1) as preanesthetic medication. General anesthesia was induced with propofol (4 mg kg-1), followed by intubation. The sheep were then allocated into two groups: PG (n=6), which received continuous infusion of propofol (0.5 mg kg-1 min-1) for maintenance; and IG (n=6), which was maintained with isoflurane inhalation anesthesia (1.3 V %). Each group underwent four different ventilation modalities for 30 min: spontaneous ventilation (SV), volume-cycled mechanical ventilation (VV), pressure-cycled mechanical ventilation (PV), and pressure-cycled mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PPV). Heart rate and cardiac index were higher in the IG, while systemic vascular resistance was higher in the PG. Hemoglobin levels, intrapulmonary shunt fraction, and tidal volume were higher in the PG. Both groups developed metabolic alkalosis. Isoflurane anesthesia resulted in greater hypotension, reduced lung compliance, increased airway resistance, lower PaO2, and higher PaCO2 values across all ventilation modalities. In contrast, PPV led to improved lung compliance, oxygenation index, and higher PaO2 values, with lower intrapulmonary shunt fractions. The study concluded that propofol and PPV provide greater hemodynamic stability in anesthetized sheep.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar diferentes modalidades ventilatórias em ovinos anestesiados com isoflurano ou propofol. Foram utilizadas 12 ovelhas, adultas, mestiças, com 12 meses de idade, pesando 32±5 kg, comprovadamente hígidas. Após instrumentação com os animais conscientes em decúbito lateral direito, foi administrado morfina (0,3 mg kg-1) e detomidina (20 mcg kg-1) como MPA. Foram induzidas à anestesia geral com propofol (4 mg kg-1) e intubadas. Neste momento, foram alocadas em dois grupos: PG (n=6), manutenção com infusão contínua de propofol (0,5 mg kg min-1), e IG (n=6) com anestesia inalatória com isoflurano (1,3 V%). Todas foram mantidas por 30 minutos em cada modalidade ventilatória: ventilação espontânea (VE), ventilação mecânica ciclada a volume (VV), ventilação mecânica ciclada a pressão (VP) e ventilação mecânica ciclada a pressão com PEEP (VPP). A FC e o IC foram maiores em IG e já o IRVS foi maior em PG. Os valores de hemoglobina, fração de shunt intrapulmonar e o volume corrente foram maiores no PG. Os animais apresentaram alcalose metabólica em ambos os grupos. O isoflurano promoveu maior hipotensão, diminuição da complacência pulmonar, aumento da resistência das vias aéreas, menores valores de PaO2 e maiores valores de PaCO2 em todas as modalidades ventilatórias. A VPP promoveu maior complacência pulmonar e índice de oxigenação, maiores valores de PaO2 e menores valores de shunt intrapulmonar. Conclui-se que o propofol e a VPP promoveram maior estabilidade hemodinâmica em ovelhas.(AU)

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This study aims to establish a therapy strategy for canine leukopenia induced by canine parvovirus (CPV) infection through intravenous infusion of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of BMMSCs on canine parvovirus. Forty healthy 2-month-old dogs were randomly divided into four groups including the BMMSC treatment group (A), conventional treatment group (B), CPV infection group (C), and a normal control group (D). Then the A, B, and C groups were orally infected with CPV (103.25 TCID50/mL) at 1mL/kg, and the D group received the same dose of saline. After the onset of infection, Group A received mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and rehydration as the treatment; Group B was treated with anti-inflammatory therapeutics and rehydration; and Group C and D were injected with the same dose of physiological saline. The level of leukocytes rebounded significantly after the treatment with BMMSCs and returned to reference numbers on Day 3 after treatment, which was significantly higher than that in the conventional treatment group. The concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-α were gradually increased during the treatment, and the BMMSC treatment group exhibited significantly higher IL-2 and IFN-α concentrations than the conventional treatment group on Days 3 and 4. The expression of the virus in the blood gradually decreased during the treatment, and the BMMSC treatment group displayed a faster decrease than the conventional treatment group. These results showed the advantages of BMMSC treatment over conventional treatment. This study provides a new BMMSC treatment strategy for canine leukopenia induced by CPV infection and reveals the mechanism by which BMMSC increases leukocytes after CPV infection.

Este estudo tem como objetivo estabelecer uma estratégia terapêutica de leucopenia canina induzida pela infecção por parvovírus canino (CPV) através de infusão intravenosa de células tronco mesenquimais da medula óssea alogênica (BMMSCs) e avaliar o efeito terapêutico de BMMSCs no parvovírus canino. Quarenta cães saudáveis de dois meses de idade foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: o grupo de tratamento de BMMSCs (A), o grupo de terapia convencional (B), o grupo de infecção por CPV (C) e um grupo controle (D). Os grupos A, B e C foram infectados oralmente com CPV (103.25 TCID50/mL) a 1mL/kg e o D recebeu a mesma dose de soro fisiológico. Após o início da infecção, o grupo A recebeu uma dose de derivadas da medula óssea (CTMMO) e hidratação como tratamento, o grupo B foi tratado com terapia anti-inflamatória e hidratação, e grupos C e D foram injetados com a mesma dose de soro fisiológico. As concentrações de IL-2 e IFN-α aumentaram gradualmente durante o tratamento, e o grupo de tratamento BMMSC mostrou concentrações significativamente maiores de IL-2 e IFN-α do que o grupo de tratamento convencional nos Dias 3 e 4. A expressão de vírus no sangue diminuiu gradualmente durante o tratamento, e o grupo de tratamento BMMSC mostrou uma diminuição mais rápida do que o grupo de tratamento convencional. Esses resultados mostraram as vantagens do tratamento BMMSC em relação ao tratamento convencional. Este estudo fornece uma nova estratégia de tratamento da BMMSC para leucopenia canina induzida pela infecção por VCP e revela o mecanismo pelo qual a BMMSC aumenta os leucócitos após infecção por VCP.

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This study assessed the efficacy of an intra-articular injection of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived from mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) for the treatment of hip dysplasia in dogs. The study group included 12 otherwise healthy dogs of different breeds, ages, weights, and degrees of hip dysplasia diagnosed using radiography. An orthopedic assessment was performed on all dogs before and at 30, 60, and 90 days after infusion of AD-MSCs(2 × 106cells). On the same days, each dog's owner answered a questionnaire based on theHelsinkiChronic Pain Index. The data were converted to ordinal data based on the score for each variable, and the Friedman test for multiple comparisons was used to verify the results. Compared with the corresponding values on day 0, orthopedic and gait assessments and owners' reported pain indexes improved over the 90-day observation period. These results suggested that treatment with allogeneic AD-MSCs significantly reduced the clinical signs associated with hip dysplasia during the study period. However, long-term studies are needed to determine the optimal therapeutic protocol for routine clinical use of AD-MSCs in hip dysplasia.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia clínica da aplicação intra-articular de células-tronco mesenquimais alógenas derivadas do tecido adiposo (AD-CTM) no tratamento de cães portadores de osteoartrite secundária a displasia do coxofemoral (DCF). Doze cães de ambos os sexos, diferentes raças, idades e peso, portadores de graus variados de DCF comprovada em radiografia e livres de quaisquer outras alterações clínicas ou ortopédicas, foram utilizados no estudo. Todos os cães foram submetidos a avaliação ortopédica nos dias 0, 30, 60 e 90 após aplicação de AD-CTM na dose de 2 x 106. Além disso, os tutores preencheram a um questionário, baseado no Índice de dor crônica de Helsinque (IDCH) nos mesmos intervalos. Em comparação com o dia 0, observou-se melhora significativa na avalição em locomoção e físico-ortopédica assim como na avaliação dos tutores pelo IDCH ao longo dos 90 dias. Os resultados permitem inferir que as AD-CTM alógenas contribuíram significativamente para a redução dos sinais clínicos comumente associados a DCF durante o período de estudo. Entretanto, há necessidade de estudos de longo prazo para melhor determinação de protocolos terapêuticos baseados no uso de AD-CTM na rotina clínica.

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Background: Diagnostic imaging is an integral part of the examination of patients with urinary tract pathologies and many imaging modalities are available. Owing to easy accessibility and low cost, radiography used together with ultrasonography as one of the first-step imaging methods in order to visualize the urinary system. Contrast-enhanced radiographic examination of the upper urinary system "intravenous urography" (IVU) can be performed with bolus injection, abdominal compression (with bolus injection) and infusion techniques. The aim of present study was to evaluate the urograms obtained in cats with urinary system complaints, compare the application of the IVU techniques and urogram quality, and interpret their diagnostic efficacy. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 30 cats (of different age, breed, sex and weight) with urinary system complaint brought to Selcuk University Veterinary Faculty and Balikesir University Veterinary Faculty Surgery Clinics were included in the study. The cats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 cats in each group. In these groups, IVU was performed with bolus (Group 1), infusion (Group 2) and abdominal compression with bolus injection (Group 3) techniques. Non-ionic monomeric contrast agent iohexol3 (300 mg I/mL, GE Healthcare) at a dose of 800 mg I/kg was administered as an IV bolus injection in the Bolus group; iohexol at a dose of 1200 mg I/kg was diluted in an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl solution and the prepared solution was administered as an IV infusion through the catheter within 10 min in the Infusion group; iohexol at a dose of 800 mg I/kg was administered through the catheter after an elastic compression band was placed around the caudal abdomen to provide compression on the ureters in the bolus injection with abdominal compression group. The contrast agent (iohexol) injection was well tolerated by all cats. None of the cats developed anaphylactoid reactions or anesthesia-related complication. Changes observed in the heart and respiration rates and body temperature during the procedure did not show a statistically significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). The renal and ureteral opacity scores and groups were compared, there was a significant difference was observed (P < 0.05). Urograms with "1 point" and "2 points" in kidney opacity scores were in the bolus injection group; urograms with "3 points" and "4 points" showed a statistically significant increase in the infusion and abdominal compression groups (P < 0.05). Urograms with "2 points" and "3 points" in ureteral opacity scores did not show a statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Discussion: Currently, radiological IVU can still be used as a feasible, economical and valuable diagnostic tool with appropriate techniques, contrast agents and dose selection. For this purpose, patient preparation before IVU is very important to increase the interpretation ability of the urograms obtained. Sedation or anesthesia is not required to obtain better urograms. The bolus injection technique would be preferable for evaluating the anatomical position of the kidneys and observing the renal parenchyma. Urograms up to 20 min after the injection in the ventrodorsal (VD) position would be sufficient for proper observation of the nephrography phase. The infusion technique would be preferable for evaluating the collecting system. Urograms up to 20 min following the completion of the infusion in the VD position would be sufficient for proper observation of the pyelography phase and ureters. Urograms should be obtained in the VD and lateral positions for ureteral evaluation. Urograms taken after 5 or 40 min would be sufficient, depending on the ureteral part to be examined.

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A study was designed to compare two sedation protocols to be used in horses undergoing orchiectomy when standing. In both protocols, the induction to the sedative state was performed with bolus detomidine at a dose of 10 µg/kg, intravenously (IV). In the first protocol (eight horses), the sedative state was maintained with 1% glyceryl guaiacol ether (GGE) in continuous infusion, at a dose of 1ml/kg/hour IV. In the second protocol (eight horses) this sedative effect was maintained with detomidine in continuous infusion at the same dose and induction route. Orchiectomy was performed on all animals. The two protocols allowed the surgeries to be performed when standing. However, horses kept under sedation by the GGE showed greater relaxation and a more intense degree of sedation. It should be noted that the use of GGE to maintain the sedative state in horses is unprecedented in the literature. The drug is used in anesthetic protocols in the species, but only in pre-anesthetic medication in general anesthesia. It was concluded that the two sedation protocols allowed the performance of orchiectomy with the horses when standing. However, the protocol in which 1% GGE was used showed more profound sedation, without adverse effects.

Foi realizado um estudo para comparar dois protocolos de sedação a serem utilizados em equinos submetidos à orquiectomia em estação. Em ambos os protocolos, a indução ao estado sedativo foi realizada com bolus de detomidina, na dose de 10µg/kg, por via intravenosa (IV). No primeiro protocolo (oito cavalos), o estado sedativo foi mantido com 1% de éter gliceril guaiacol (GGE) em infusão contínua, na dose de 1mL/kg/hora IV. No segundo protocolo (oito cavalos), esse efeito sedativo foi mantido com detomidina, em infusão contínua, na mesma dose e via de indução. Foi realizada orquiectomia em todos os animais. Os dois protocolos permitiram que as cirurgias fossem realizadas em estação No entanto, os cavalos mantidos sob sedação pelo GGE apresentaram maior relaxamento e grau de sedação mais intenso. Ressalta-se que o uso de GGE para manutenção do estado sedativo em equinos é inédito na literatura. O fármaco é utilizado em protocolos anestésicos na espécie, mas apenas na medicação pré-anestésica em anestesia geral. Concluiu-se que os dois protocolos de sedação permitiram a realização da orquiectomia com os cavalos em estação. No entanto, o protocolo em que foi utilizado GGE 1% apresentou sedação mais profunda, sem efeitos adversos.

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Many antimicrobial substances, mainly of chemical origin, are not effective and reliable. Many of them tend to accumulate in organs and tissues and have allergic and toxicological effects and side effects. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to conduct a comparative analysis of the antibacterial effect of Artemisia lerchiana against other herbal preparations. A. lerchiana was used in the form of an infusion and essential oil extract to fulfill the set goal and objectives. For comparative analysis, tinctures of A. absinthium, Calendula officinalis L., and Chamomilla recutita L., as well as preparations based on Abies Sibirica, Eucalyptus, Limon, Bergamottae, Melaleuca alternifolia, and A. absinthium essential oils were used. As a test standard for comparing antibacterial properties, we used the Septarius chemical preparation manufactured at a biofactory. The experiment was carried out in vitro using test microbes of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus and gram-negative Escherichia coli. The results of the study showed that A. lerchiana had a high antibacterial effect against gram-positive test microbes (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus). The most effective form was A. lerchiana in the form of essential oil, which had an antibacterial effect even in low concentrations. A comparative assessment of A. lerchiana with the Septarius test antiseptic showed that A. lerchiana had a similar effect in general. In the form of essential oil, it even surpassed the effect of Septarius. It was found that A. lerchiana surpassed medicinal plants used in the experiment in terms of antibacterial effect. The obtained results of the study will be useful for scientists researching various medicinal products of plant origin and for veterinary specialists looking for therapeutic and preventive measures.

Muitas substâncias antimicrobianas, principalmente de origem química, não são eficazes e confiáveis. Muitos deles tendem a se acumular em órgãos e tecidos e apresentam efeitos alérgicos e toxicológicos e efeitos colaterais. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma análise comparativa do efeito antibacteriano da Artemisia lerchiana contra outras preparações fitoterápicas. A. lerchiana foi utilizada na forma de infusão e extrato de óleo essencial para cumprir a meta e os objetivos traçados. Para análise comparativa, foram utilizadas tinturas de A. absinthium, Calendula officinalis L. e Chamomilla recutita L., bem como preparações à base de óleos essenciais de Abies Sibirica, Eucalyptus, Limon, Bergamottae, Melaleuca alternifolia, e A. absinthium. Como padrão de teste para comparação de propriedades antibacterianas, utilizamos a preparação química Septarius fabricada em uma Biofábrica. O experimento foi realizado in vitro utilizando micróbios de teste de Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus gram-positivos e Escherichia coli gram-negativa. Os resultados do estudo mostraram que A. lerchiana teve um alto efeito antibacteriano contra micróbios de teste gram-positivos (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus). A forma mais eficaz foi a A. lerchiana na forma de óleo essencial, que teve efeito antibacteriano mesmo em baixas concentrações. Uma avaliação comparativa de A. lerchiana com o antisséptico Septarius test mostrou que A. lerchiana teve um efeito semelhante, em geral. Na forma de óleo essencial, superou até o efeito do Septário. Verificou-se que A. lerchiana superou as plantas medicinais utilizadas no experimento em relação ao efeito antibacteriano. Os resultados obtidos do estudo serão úteis para cientistas que pesquisam diversos medicamentos de origem vegetal e para especialistas veterinários que buscam medidas terapêuticas e preventivas.

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A endometrite é uma afecção muito presente na pecuária, sobretudo leiteira, acarretando impactos econômicos para o sistema e para a saúde pública devido ao uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos no tratamento, principalmente as bases comuns à medicina humana. Nesse relato foi proposto um tratamento alternativo com plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) em dois animais (01 e 02) da raça Girolando, com 22 e 28 dias em lactação (DEL) e administrado plasma pobre em plaquetas (PPP) em um animal da mesma raça (03) com DEL 25, a fim de se compararem os resultados e a eficácia do PRP. O diagnóstico positivo para endometrite foi obtido através de citologia endometrial, ultrassonografia e cultura bacteriana. Após realização do método de dupla centrifugação do sangue total de um bovino doador, foi obtido um PRP com concentração final de 698 x 10³ plaquetas/ ml que foi ativado por meio de congelamento e descongelamento, em nitrogênio líquido. Cada animal recebeu 10 mL de infusão intrauterina do PRP ativo ou PPP; repetindose as avaliações clínicas após 14 dias da infusão. Observou-se diminuição da secreção intrauterina e do percentual de neutrófilos na citologia endometrial, variação na espessura endometrial e menor crescimento bacteriano. Nesse trabalho, o PRP mostrou-se potencialmente eficaz para controlar inflamações e infecções intrauterinas em vacas com endometrite.(AU)

Endometritis is a prevalent condition in livestock, especially dairy cattle, causing economic impacts on the system and public health due to the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in treatment, mainly those common to human medicine. In this report, an alternative treatment with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was proposed in two animals (01 and 02) of the Girolando breed, with 22 and 28 days in lactation (DEL), and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) was administered in one animal of the same breed (03) with DEL 25, in order to compare the results and efficacy of PRP. Positive diagnosis for endometritis was obtained through endometrial cytology, ultrasonography, and bacterial culture. After performing the double centrifugation method of total blood from a donor bovine, a PRP with a final concentration of 698 x 10³ platelets/ml was obtained, which was activated by freezing and thawing in liquid nitrogen. Each animal received 10 mL of intrauterine infusion of active PRP or PPP, with clinical evaluations repeated after 14 days of infusion. A decrease in intrauterine secretion and percentage of neutrophils in endometrial cytology was observed, as well as variation in endometrial thickness and reduced bacterial growth. In this study, PRP proved to be potentially effective in controlling intrauterine inflammation and infections in cows with endometritis.(AU)

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Background: The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is the largest canid in South America and the only representative of its genus. The scientific literature presents studies referring to the management and anaesthesia of the species but is scarce in case of emergency procedures, and to date, there are no reports of anaesthesia for emergency procedures in a neonatal maned wolf. Thus, this study aimed to report xenotransfusion and emergency anaesthesia for thoracic limb amputation in an approximately 8-days-old maned wolf pup. Case: A maned wolf pup, approximately 8-day-old, with a history of an accident with an agricultural machine, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná - Palotina Sector (HVP - UFPR) with a grade III open fracture of left radius and ulna. At the physical evaluation, bullous rales were observed in the right caudal lobe on pulmonary auscultation, hypoglycemia and severe dehydration, the latter being determined by the occurrence of enophthalmos, increased capillary refill time and skin turgor (3 s). The hemogram revealed regenerative hypochromic macrocytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, and the chest radiograph showed alveolar pattern opacification, associated with the presence of air bronchograms in the caudal lobes, more evident on the right side, suggestive of pulmonary contusion. Considering the laboratory alterations and the need for amputation of the thoracic limb, xenotransfusion was chosen before the anaesthetic procedure. The animal was pre-medicated with methadone 0.2 mg/kg and anaesthetic induction was performed with propofol titrated to effect, requiring 10 mg/kg. This was followed by endotracheal intubation and anaesthetic maintenance using the partial intravenous technique with an infusion of 5 µg/kg/h of remifentanil and Isoflurane vaporised through a non-rebreathing system in oxygen at 0.6. Anaesthetic monitoring included heart rate and electrocardiogram tracing, respiratory rate, oxyhemoglobin saturation, end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide, systemic blood pressure by the oscillometric method, and oesophageal body temperature. Although the blood tests after the transfusion showed an increase in hematocrit, changes suggestive of a delayed hemolytic reaction because of the transfusion were also noticed. Discussion: Preanesthetic stabilisation is critical, as anaesthesia of unstable patients may result in a higher risk of anaesthetic complications. Critically ill patients may present systemic imbalances that can trigger pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes of anaesthetics and analgesics. Neonates have several marked physiological differences, since some organs are still immature, have a high body volume of water, and present a reduced amount of total fat and concentrations of circulating proteins, making it necessary to adjust protocols and doses used for these patients. Blood transfusion between the same species is always the best option, though xenotransfusion becomes an option when there is no homologous donor available. However, it can present a great risk to life, as there is a lack of studies regarding the blood typing of the species and blood compatibility tests. We concluded that there was an increase in hematocrit after 24 h of xenotransfusion and, even with signs of delayed hemolytic reaction observed in the blood test, the patient did not show specific clinical signs of transfusion reaction. The pup was sensitive to methadone but required a high dose of propofol for anaesthetic induction. The use of methadone as a pre-anaesthetic agent and the infusion of remifentanil provided adequate analgesia based on the parameters evaluated.