Achados post mortem em cães intoxicados por picadas de abelhas / Post mortem findings in dogs intoxicated by bee stings

As intoxicações por picadas de abelhas possuem grande relevância na medicina humana e veterinária. Os componentes da toxina apresentam ações lesivas aos tecidos, principalmente aos rins, e podem culminar com a morte, mesmo quando a dose inoculada é pequena. A identificação precoce desse tipo de intoxicação permite a implementação de medidas terapêuticas adequadas e a melhoria do prognóstico. Desta forma, o presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de relatar os achados anatomopatológicos observados em dois cães, sem raça definida, os quais foram vítimas fatais de picadas de abelhas. Os animais eram irmãos de ninhada, um macho e uma fêmea, com três anos de idade e com cerca de 30kg. Os cães foram encontrados mortos no período da noite, já em rigor mortis, o que conduziu à suspeita de que a morte havia ocorrido há, no máximo, cinco horas. As principais lesões macroscópicas observadas foram: petéquias cutâneas, algumas associadas à presença de ferrões; congestão generalizada; hemorragia; necrose e edema; assim como insetos com morfologia compatível com Apis mellifera dispersos no trato gastrointestinal. Microscopicamente, degeneração, necrose e hemorragias renais constituíram os achados de maior importância, além de acentuado edema pulmonar, ao qual foi atribuída a causa mortis. Assim, as alterações mais importantes neste tipo de intoxicação são necrose, hemorragia, edema e congestão. Além disso, o óbito pode ocorrer de forma rápida, mesmo com baixas doses da toxina.

Bee sting poisonings have great relevance for both human and veterinary medicine. The toxin components present harmful actions on tissues, especially on kidneys, and can lead to death, even when the inoculated dose is small. The early identification of this type of intoxication allows the implementation of appropriate therapeutic measures and improvement of the prognosis. Thus, the present study aimed to report the anatomopathological findings of two mixed-breed dogs, which were fatal victims of bee stings. The animals were litter brothers, one male and one female, with three years old and weighing about 30kg. The dogs were found dead at night, already in rigor mortis, which led to the suspicion that the death had occurred no more than five hours ago. The main macroscopic lesions were: cutaneous petechiae, some of them associated with bee stingers, generalized congestion, haemorrhage, necrosis, and oedema, as well as insects with morphology compatible with Apis mellifera dispersed in the gastrointestinal tract. Microscopically, degeneration, necrosis, and renal haemorrhages were the most relevant findings, in addition to marked pulmonary oedema, which was considered the causa mortis. Thus, the most important alterations in this type of intoxication are necrosis, haemorrhage, oedema, and congestion. Moreover, death can occur quickly, even with low doses of the toxin.

Eosinophilic folliculitis in a dog

Background: Canine eosinophilic folliculitis is a dermatological disease of acute onset with development of erosive to ulcerative papular lesions, especially on the nasal bridge, that may cause severe skin abnormalities leading to discomfort and pain to the patient. The aim of this report was to characterize a case of a canine eosinophilic folliculitis with papular, ulcerative and crusting dermatitis on the nasal bridge, papules on eyelid and pinna, with confirmed diagnosis based on aspiration cytology, history and response to immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoid. Case: An 1-year-old intact Daschund was attended showing an acute onset (over 4 h) of generalized urticarial reaction and nonpruriginous lesion at the muzzle with mild serosanguineous exudate, which persisted for 96 h when the dog was evaluated. It was observed a papular and ulcerative dermatitis with serosanguineous exudate and hematic crusts at nasal bridge, papules measuring 2 mm in diameter in the medial and lateral canthus of the left eyelid, ulcerative papule with hematic crust in the border of left ear pinna, multifocal papules on the skin, dyskeratosis and generalized hair loss. The patient was anesthetized for blood sampling (CBC and serum biochemistry), lesions fine-needle aspiration, scraping and imprint for cytological examination, bacterial culture and nasal turbinates radiography. Fragments for histopathological evaluation were also collected. Erythrogram and platelet evaluation were unremarkable. Leukogram revealed leukocytosis (neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis and eosinophilia). Serum biochemistry revealed hyperalbuminemia and discrete hyperproteinemia; values of alanine aminotransferase, creatinine and globulins were within normal range. In cytological examination, intense cellularity was observed with predominance of eosinophils (60%), neutrophils (35%), macrophages performing cytophagocytosis (5%) and degenerated cells. There was no bacterial growth within 48 h after incubation of nasal bridge lesion swab. There were no abnormalities identified at radiographic evaluation of nasal turbinates. As the patient was already with antibiotic therapy and steroidal anti-inflammatory, it was opted to maintain it, since interruption between the day of examination and laboratory results could cause more prejudice than benefit, corticosteroid dose, however, was readjusted (prednisone 2 mg/kg/per os/every 24h). After 1 week of treatment the owner reported significant improvement of clinical signs without any further complaint. Discussion: Typically, type I hypersensitivity reactions such as insect bites do not exceed clinical signs of erythema, local edema and pruritus, with spontaneous remission of clinical signs within few hours after exposure to the antigen. Eosinophilic folliculitis, however, may cause more severe clinical alterations, such as pain, apathy and hyporexia. Nasal bridge is the predominant site described to be affected in cases of eosinophilic folliculitis, being auricular pinna, thorax and limbs considered atypical presentations which can delay proper diagnosis, since in endemic regions for diseases such as visceral leishmaniasis, infectious etiology may be listed first. Differential diagnosis also includes superficial pyoderma, juvenile cellulitis, pemphigus foliaceus and pharmacodermia. The case described in this report emphasize the importance of an accurate diagnosis as well as an early and adequate treatment in order to promote satisfactory response. Also, highlights inadequate use of antimicrobials as a direct consequence of lack of laboratorial investigation.

Acute renal failure in a horse following bee sting toxicity / Insuficiência renal aguda associada à intoxicação por picadas de abelhas em um cavalo

Bee envenomation is frequent in humans and dogs, but uncommon in horses. This study aimed to describe a case of acute renal failure following mass envenomation in a horse. A mare was attacked by a swarm of bees and showed reluctance to move, epistaxis, and dark-brown urine. Biochemical exams revealed increase in urea and creatine serum levels. The mare did not respond to treatment and euthanasia was elected after four days of clinical course. At the necropsy, there were multifocal pinpoint to elevated skin lesions associated with edema and hemorrhage, which extended to the subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscle, and the kidneys were diffusely dark-brown and friable. Microscopically, renal tubules were distended and filled with an orange-red, hyaline globular material, and had severe epithelial tubular cell necrosis. The diagnosis was established based on clinical and histological analysis, and pathological evaluation was essential to confirm acute renal failure due to bee sting toxicity.(AU)

Acidentes por picada de abelhas são frequentemente descritos em humanos e cães, entretanto relatos em cavalos são escassos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever um caso de insuficiência renal aguda em um equino após múltiplas picadas de abelhas. Uma égua foi atacada por um enxame de abelhas desenvolvendo quadro clínico de relutância em se movimentar, epistaxe e urina marrom-escura. Exames bioquímicos demonstraram aumento nos níveis séricos de ureia e creatina. O equino não respondeu ao tratamento e a eutanásia foi realizada após quatro dias de curso clínico. Na necropsia havia múltiplas elevações cutâneas, que ao corte exibiam edema e hemorragia, os quais se estendiam ao subcutâneo e musculatura adjacente. Os rins estavam difusamente marrom-escuros e havia friáveis. Microscopicamente, os túbulos renais estavam distendidos e preenchidos por um material hialino, globular, laranja-avermelhado e havia acentuada necrose das células epiteliais tubulares. O diagnóstico foi obtido por meio da análise clínica e histológica, e a avaliação patológica foi essencial para confirmar a insuficiência renal aguda por picada de abelha.(AU)

Canine visceral leishmaniasis - literature review / Leishmaniose visceral canina - revisão de literatura

A leishmaniose visceral canina ou calazar, como é conhecida trata-se de uma doença que apresenta grande importância na área da saúde pública devido ao crescente o número de casos. Sua causa se deve ao protozoário Leshimania spp., transmitido através de um flebótomo vetor, o Lutzomyia longipalpis, que popularmente é conhecido como “mosquito palha”, os cães são os principais reservatório e com isso é de grande valia para a epidemiologia da doença. A transmissão para cães e depois para homens ocorre através da picada do inseto. Os sinais clínicos no cão e no homem são similares, e surgem como febre irregular, anemia e perda de peso progressiva. Nesta revisão de literatura iremos abordaremos a epidemiologia, o ciclo, a transmissão, os sinais clínicos, os métodos de diagnóstico e o tratamento.(AU)

Canine visceral leishmaniasis, or kalazar, as it is known, is a disease that is of great importance in public health due to the increasing number of cases. Its cause is due to the protozoan Leshimania spp., Transmitted through a vector phlebotomus, Lutzomyia longipalpis, which is popularly known as the "straw mosquito", dogs are the main reservoir and is therefore of great value for the epidemiology of the disease. Transmission to dogs and then to men occurs through insect bites. The clinical signs in dogs and men are similar, and appear as irregular fever, anemia and progressive weight loss. In this literature review we will cover epidemiology, cycle, transmission, clinical signs, diagnostic methods and treatment.(AU)

Canine visceral leishmaniasis - literature review / Leishmaniose visceral canina - revisão de literatura

A leishmaniose visceral canina ou calazar, como é conhecida trata-se de uma doença que apresenta grande importância na área da saúde pública devido ao crescente o número de casos. Sua causa se deve ao protozoário Leshimania spp., transmitido através de um flebótomo vetor, o Lutzomyia longipalpis, que popularmente é conhecido como “mosquito palha”, os cães são os principais reservatório e com isso é de grande valia para a epidemiologia da doença. A transmissão para cães e depois para homens ocorre através da picada do inseto. Os sinais clínicos no cão e no homem são similares, e surgem como febre irregular, anemia e perda de peso progressiva. Nesta revisão de literatura iremos abordaremos a epidemiologia, o ciclo, a transmissão, os sinais clínicos, os métodos de diagnóstico e o tratamento.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis, or kalazar, as it is known, is a disease that is of great importance in public health due to the increasing number of cases. Its cause is due to the protozoan Leshimania spp., Transmitted through a vector phlebotomus, Lutzomyia longipalpis, which is popularly known as the "straw mosquito", dogs are the main reservoir and is therefore of great value for the epidemiology of the disease. Transmission to dogs and then to men occurs through insect bites. The clinical signs in dogs and men are similar, and appear as irregular fever, anemia and progressive weight loss. In this literature review we will cover epidemiology, cycle, transmission, clinical signs, diagnostic methods and treatment.

Dermatite alérgica à picada de Culicoides em muar: relato de caso / Allergic dermatitis due to bite of Culicoides in muar: case report

A dermatite alérgica à picada de ectoparasitos é uma enfermidade alergoparasitária bastante comum entre animais domésticos, sendo relatada principalmente em pequenos ruminantes e em animais de companhia. Contudo, a doença é pouco diagnosticada na clínica de equídeos devido a similaridades nosológicas com outras dermatopatias. Objetivou-se, com este relato de caso, descrever a síndrome clínica, o plano diagnóstico e a conduta terapêutica de um muar acometido por essa enfermidade. Atendeu-se, no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Pernambuco, uma mula de oito anos de idade, que apresentava lesões cutâneas pápulo-crostosas e pruriginosas com evolução clínica de dois anos. Em três situações anteriores, a doença havia sido tratada como dermatite fúngica por outros médicos veterinários. Para o diagnóstico, foram solicitados exame citopatológico e parasitológico de pele, cultivo bacteriológico e fúngico, análise histopatológica e hemograma. Os exames demonstraram uma dermatite superficial perivascular eosinofílica crônica, sendo indicada a terapia tópica com dimetilsufóxido, sulfadiazina, ureia e vitamina A. O protocolo terapêutico mostrou-se satisfatório, permitindo completa remissão do quadro clínico. Este trabalho relatou achados clínicos e patológicos da dermatite alérgica à picada de Culicoides spp. em muar, além de alertar sobre a importância de exames complementares para a realização do diagnóstico diferencial e para o direcionamento terapêutico adequado.(AU)

Allergic dermatitis to ectoparasite bites is a common parasitic disease among domestic animals, being reported mainly in small ruminants and companion animals. However, the disease is poorly diagnosed in equine clinics due to nosological similarities with other skin diseases. The aim of this case report was to describe the clinical syndrome, the diagnostic plan and the therapeutic management of a mule affected by this disease. An 8-year-old mule was observed at Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, presenting papular-crusted and pruritic cutaneous lesions with clinical evolution of two years. In three previous situations, the disease had been treated as fungal dermatitis by other veterinarians. For the diagnosis, cytopathological and parasitological examination of the skin, bacteriological and fungal culture, histopathological analysis and blood count were performed. The exams showed a chronic eosinophilic perivascular superficial dermatitis. A topical therapy with dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfadiazine, urea, and vitamin A was indicated. The therapeutic protocol was satisfactory, allowing complete remission of the clinical condition. This work reported clinical and pathological findings of allergic dermatitis to the bites of Culicoides spp. in muar, in addition to alerting about the importance of complementary examinations for the accomplishment of the differential diagnosis and adequate therapeutic orientation.(AU)

Dermatite alérgica à picada de Culicoides em muar: relato de caso / Allergic dermatitis due to bite of Culicoides in muar: case report

A dermatite alérgica à picada de ectoparasitos é uma enfermidade alergoparasitária bastante comum entre animais domésticos, sendo relatada principalmente em pequenos ruminantes e em animais de companhia. Contudo, a doença é pouco diagnosticada na clínica de equídeos devido a similaridades nosológicas com outras dermatopatias. Objetivou-se, com este relato de caso, descrever a síndrome clínica, o plano diagnóstico e a conduta terapêutica de um muar acometido por essa enfermidade. Atendeu-se, no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Pernambuco, uma mula de oito anos de idade, que apresentava lesões cutâneas pápulo-crostosas e pruriginosas com evolução clínica de dois anos. Em três situações anteriores, a doença havia sido tratada como dermatite fúngica por outros médicos veterinários. Para o diagnóstico, foram solicitados exame citopatológico e parasitológico de pele, cultivo bacteriológico e fúngico, análise histopatológica e hemograma. Os exames demonstraram uma dermatite superficial perivascular eosinofílica crônica, sendo indicada a terapia tópica com dimetilsufóxido, sulfadiazina, ureia e vitamina A. O protocolo terapêutico mostrou-se satisfatório, permitindo completa remissão do quadro clínico. Este trabalho relatou achados clínicos e patológicos da dermatite alérgica à picada de Culicoides spp. em muar, além de alertar sobre a importância de exames complementares para a realização do diagnóstico diferencial e para o direcionamento terapêutico adequado.(AU)

Allergic dermatitis to ectoparasite bites is a common parasitic disease among domestic animals, being reported mainly in small ruminants and companion animals. However, the disease is poorly diagnosed in equine clinics due to nosological similarities with other skin diseases. The aim of this case report was to describe the clinical syndrome, the diagnostic plan and the therapeutic management of a mule affected by this disease. An 8-year-old mule was observed at Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, presenting papular-crusted and pruritic cutaneous lesions with clinical evolution of two years. In three previous situations, the disease had been treated as fungal dermatitis by other veterinarians. For the diagnosis, cytopathological and parasitological examination of the skin, bacteriological and fungal culture, histopathological analysis and blood count were performed. The exams showed a chronic eosinophilic perivascular superficial dermatitis. A topical therapy with dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfadiazine, urea, and vitamin A was indicated. The therapeutic protocol was satisfactory, allowing complete remission of the clinical condition. This work reported clinical and pathological findings of allergic dermatitis to the bites of Culicoides spp. in muar, in addition to alerting about the importance of complementary examinations for the accomplishment of the differential diagnosis and adequate therapeutic orientation.(AU)

Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi in occupationally exposed persons in the Belgrade area, Serbia

Lyme disease (LD) is a natural focal zoonotic disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, which is mainly transmitted through infected Ixodes ricinus tick bites. The presence and abundance of ticks in various habitats, the infectivity rate, as well as prolonged human exposure to ticks are factors that may affect the infection risk as well as the incidence of LD. In recent years, 20% to 25% of ticks infected with different borrelial species, as well as about 5,300 citizens with LD, have been registered in the Belgrade area. Many of the patients reported tick bites in citys grassy areas. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi in high-risk groups (forestry workers and soldiers) in the Belgrade area, and to compare the results with healthy blood donors. A two-step algorithm consisting of ELISA and Western blot tests was used in the study. Immunoreactivity profiles were also compared between the groups. The results obtained showed the seroprevalence to be 11.76% in the group of forestry workers, 17.14% in the group of soldiers infected by tick bites and 8.57% in the population of healthy blood donors. The highest IgM reactivity was detected against the OspC protein, while IgG antibodies showed high reactivity against VlsE, p19, p41, OspC, OspA and p17. Further investigations in this field are necessary in humans and animals in order to improve protective and preventive measures against LD..(AU)

Envenomation by caterpillars (erucism): proposal for simple pain relief treatment

Erucism is the name given to injuries caused by moth larvae in humans. The lesions are provoked by caterpillar bristles filled with toxins that penetrate the skin [1-4]. The bristles are hollow and when they enter the skin and break, toxins that contain thermolabile proteins, proteolytic enzymes and histamine are released [2]. The shape of bristles indicates the families of caterpillars mainly associated with injuries: Megalopygidae (fine setae throughout the body) and Saturniidae (setae in small pine tree format, see Figure 1) [3]. The toxins cause immediate severe pain, erythema, edema and immediate lymphangitis (Figure 1). In later stages, there may be vesicles, bullae, erosions, petechiae, superficial skin necrosis, and ulcerations [4]. Some genera (Lonomia, Periga) can cause severe hemorrhagic syndromes, but most manifestations are limited to excruciating pain and mild to moderate local inflammation(AU)

Envenomation by caterpillars (erucism): proposal for simple pain relief treatment

Erucism is the name given to injuries caused by moth larvae in humans. The lesions are provoked by caterpillar bristles filled with toxins that penetrate the skin [1-4]. The bristles are hollow and when they enter the skin and break, toxins that contain thermolabile proteins, proteolytic enzymes and histamine are released [2]. The shape of bristles indicates the families of caterpillars mainly associated with injuries: Megalopygidae (fine setae throughout the body) and Saturniidae (setae in small pine tree format, see Figure 1) [3]. The toxins cause immediate severe pain, erythema, edema and immediate lymphangitis (Figure 1). In later stages, there may be vesicles, bullae, erosions, petechiae, superficial skin necrosis, and ulcerations [4]. Some genera (Lonomia, Periga) can cause severe hemorrhagic syndromes, but most manifestations are limited to excruciating pain and mild to moderate local inflammation

Dermatite alérgica a picada de insetos em equino relato de caso / Equine insect bite hypersensivity case report

A hipersensibilidade a picada de insetos é a dermatite alérgica mais comum em equinos, sendo uma importante causa de prurido. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso da enfermidade, onde são descritos os sinais clínicos, diagnóstico o tratamento instituído, os resultados obtidos, bem como o manejo dos equinos portadores da doença. (AU)

Insect bite hypersensivity is the most common allergic skin disease of the horse and commonly pruritic cause. This case report aimed to described clinical sings, diagnosis, treatment and difficulty clinical management with this horses. (AU)

Dermatite alérgica a picada de insetos em equino – relato de caso / Equine insect bite hypersensivity – case report

A hipersensibilidade a picada de insetos é a dermatite alérgica mais comum em equinos, sendo uma importante causa de prurido. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso da enfermidade, onde são descritos os sinais clínicos, diagnóstico o tratamento instituído, os resultados obtidos, bem como o manejo dos equinos portadores da doença.

Insect bite hypersensivity is the most common allergic skin disease of the horse and commonly pruritic cause. This case report aimed to described clinical sings, diagnosis, treatment and difficulty clinical management with this horses.

Massive attack by honeybees in a German shepherd dog: description of a fatal case and review of the literature

In the present study, a fatal case caused by honeybee (Apis cerana) stings was documented in a female German shepherd dog that was presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Characteristic clinical signs included hematuria, hematemesis, incoordination and convulsions along with evidence of massive honeybee attack supported the diagnosis of envenomation. The dog was treated with dexamethasone and diphenhydramine, but it did not respond to therapy and died. This outcome could be avoided if we had a bee antivenom available for treating envenomated patients.(AU)

Massive attack by honeybees in a German shepherd dog: description of a fatal case and review of the literature

In the present study, a fatal case caused by honeybee (Apis cerana) stings was documented in a female German shepherd dog that was presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Characteristic clinical signs included hematuria, hematemesis, incoordination and convulsions along with evidence of massive honeybee attack supported the diagnosis of envenomation. The dog was treated with dexamethasone and diphenhydramine, but it did not respond to therapy and died. This outcome could be avoided if we had a bee antivenom available for treating envenomated patients.

Reação tóxica sistêmica causada por picadas de abelhas em cães / Systemic toxic reaction due bee stings in dogs

Background: Toxic reactions due bee stings in human, companion animals, food animals and wild animals are sporadically reported. Accidents involving bees have been occurring in urban and rural areas since 1956, when African bees were introduced in Brazil, forming populations of aggressive hybrid Africanized bees. Their sting cause local and systemic reactions, which include dermatologic reactions, anaphylactic reactions and toxic systemic reactions before death. The aim of this article is to describe the clinical and pathological aspects of the toxic systemic reactions of two dogs that suffered a massive bee attack in the Federal District, Brazil.Cases: A 8-year-old female Brazilian mastiff, and one female 6-year-old Belgian shepherd were locked in the kennel when they suffered a massive bee attack. The dogs presented ‘apathy, congested mucous membranes, dyspnea, epistaxis, hemoglobinuria, icterus (one of them) and convulsions. Clinical pathology results showed a strong hemolyzed plasma, azotemia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia and monocytosis. Both animals were euthanized due to their critical conditions. At necropsy the dogs showed severe subcutaneous edema in the face, moderate congestion of mucous membranes, hematochezia and hematuria. Both dogs presented kidneys dark brown to blackened colored, urinary bladder replete with dark red fluid, lungs severely congested, intestines with severe mural edema and hyperemia containing bloody fecal matter inside, and the liver of one of the dog moderately icteric. The main histologic findings were the moderate diffuse degeneration of the kidney tubular epithelium with small focal areas of necrosis, countless casts of hemoglobin, granular and hyaline casts inside the renal tubules.[...]

Reação tóxica sistêmica causada por picadas de abelhas em cães / Systemic toxic reaction due bee stings in dogs

Background: Toxic reactions due bee stings in human, companion animals, food animals and wild animals are sporadically reported. Accidents involving bees have been occurring in urban and rural areas since 1956, when African bees were introduced in Brazil, forming populations of aggressive hybrid Africanized bees. Their sting cause local and systemic reactions, which include dermatologic reactions, anaphylactic reactions and toxic systemic reactions before death. The aim of this article is to describe the clinical and pathological aspects of the toxic systemic reactions of two dogs that suffered a massive bee attack in the Federal District, Brazil.Cases: A 8-year-old female Brazilian mastiff, and one female 6-year-old Belgian shepherd were locked in the kennel when they suffered a massive bee attack. The dogs presented ‘apathy, congested mucous membranes, dyspnea, epistaxis, hemoglobinuria, icterus (one of them) and convulsions. Clinical pathology results showed a strong hemolyzed plasma, azotemia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia and monocytosis. Both animals were euthanized due to their critical conditions. At necropsy the dogs showed severe subcutaneous edema in the face, moderate congestion of mucous membranes, hematochezia and hematuria. Both dogs presented kidneys dark brown to blackened colored, urinary bladder replete with dark red fluid, lungs severely congested, intestines with severe mural edema and hyperemia containing bloody fecal matter inside, and the liver of one of the dog moderately icteric. The main histologic findings were the moderate diffuse degeneration of the kidney tubular epithelium with small focal areas of necrosis, countless casts of hemoglobin, granular and hyaline casts inside the renal tubules.[...](AU)

Granulona eosinofílico cutâneo ulcerativo em Muar: relato de caso / Cutaneos granuloma eosinophilic ulcerative in muar: case report / Granuloma eosinofílico cutáneo ulcerativo en muar: relato de caso

Granulomas eosinofílicos são lesões cutâneas comuns em equinos. Sua etiologia ainda não é totalmente compreendida, porém, acredita-se que as nodulações estão relacionadas com reações de hipersensibilidade a picadas de insetos, e também por meio de contato da pelagem dos equídeos com a sela. As lesões são caracterizadas por nódulos únicos ou múltiplos circunscritos, redondos, firmes, geralmente indolores, com ausência de prurido e ulcerações, e acometem principalmente o pescoço, membros e a região dorsal do animal, sem apresentar predileção por sexo, raça ou idade. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o caso de um Muar, 20 anos de idade, pesando 305 kg, atendido em uma propriedade próximo a Maringá, Paraná, o qual apresentava lesões nodulares com aspecto serosanguinolento em face lateral do membro torácico direito tendo sido diagnosticado através do exame histopatológico com Granuloma eosinofílico cutâneo ulcerativo ao qual instituiu-se o tratamento à base de corticosteroide sistêmico obtendo uma resposta satisfatória.

Eosinophilic granulomas are common cutaneous lesions in horses. Their etiology is not fully understood yet, it is suspected that these nodulations are related to hypersensitivity reactions to insect bites, but there are descriptions of the occurrence of the selesions by contact of the equine coat with saddle, characterized by single, multiple, circumscribed, round, firm, usually pain less nodules, with no pruritus and ulcerations, mainly affecting the neck, limbs and dorsal region of the animal, do not present preditions by sex, race or age. The present study aims to report the case of a Muar, 20 years old, weighing 305 kg, attended at a property near Maringá, Paraná, which presented nodular lesions with serosanguinolent appearance on the lateral aspect of the right thoracic limb and was diagnosed through histopathological examination with ulcerative cutaneous eosinophilic granuloma, to which a systemic corticosteroid treatment was instituted, obtaining a satisfactory answer.

Los granulomas eosinofílicos son lesiones cutáneas comunes en equinos. Su etiología todavía no es totalmente comprendida, pero se cree que las nodulaciones están relacionadas con reacciones de hipersensibilidad a picaduras de insectos, y también por media de contacto del pelaje de los équidos con la silla. Las lesiones se caracterizan por nódulos únicos o múltiples circunscritos, redondos, firmes, generalmente indolores, con ausencia de prurito y ulceraciones, y acomete principalmente el cuello, miembros y la región dorsal del animal, sin presentar predilección por sexo, raza o edad. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo relatar el caso de un Muar, 20 anos de edad, pesando 305 kg, atendido en una propiedad cerca de Maringá, Paraná, el cual presentaba lesiones nodulares con aspecto serosanguinolento en cara lateral del miembro torácico derecho habiendo sido diagnosticado através del examen histopatológico con Granuloma eosinofílico cutáneo ulcerativo al cual se instituyó el tratamiento a base de corticoesteroides sistémico obteniendo una respuesta satisfactoria.

Granulona eosinofílico cutâneo ulcerativo em Muar: relato de caso / Cutaneos granuloma eosinophilic ulcerative in muar: case report / Granuloma eosinofílico cutáneo ulcerativo en muar: relato de caso

Granulomas eosinofílicos são lesões cutâneas comuns em equinos. Sua etiologia ainda não é totalmente compreendida, porém, acredita-se que as nodulações estão relacionadas com reações de hipersensibilidade a picadas de insetos, e também por meio de contato da pelagem dos equídeos com a sela. As lesões são caracterizadas por nódulos únicos ou múltiplos circunscritos, redondos, firmes, geralmente indolores, com ausência de prurido e ulcerações, e acometem principalmente o pescoço, membros e a região dorsal do animal, sem apresentar predileção por sexo, raça ou idade. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o caso de um Muar, 20 anos de idade, pesando 305 kg, atendido em uma propriedade próximo a Maringá, Paraná, o qual apresentava lesões nodulares com aspecto serosanguinolento em face lateral do membro torácico direito tendo sido diagnosticado através do exame histopatológico com Granuloma eosinofílico cutâneo ulcerativo ao qual instituiu-se o tratamento à base de corticosteroide sistêmico obtendo uma resposta satisfatória.(AU)

Eosinophilic granulomas are common cutaneous lesions in horses. Their etiology is not fully understood yet, it is suspected that these nodulations are related to hypersensitivity reactions to insect bites, but there are descriptions of the occurrence of the selesions by contact of the equine coat with saddle, characterized by single, multiple, circumscribed, round, firm, usually pain less nodules, with no pruritus and ulcerations, mainly affecting the neck, limbs and dorsal region of the animal, do not present preditions by sex, race or age. The present study aims to report the case of a Muar, 20 years old, weighing 305 kg, attended at a property near Maringá, Paraná, which presented nodular lesions with serosanguinolent appearance on the lateral aspect of the right thoracic limb and was diagnosed through histopathological examination with ulcerative cutaneous eosinophilic granuloma, to which a systemic corticosteroid treatment was instituted, obtaining a satisfactory answer.(AU)

Los granulomas eosinofílicos son lesiones cutáneas comunes en equinos. Su etiología todavía no es totalmente comprendida, pero se cree que las nodulaciones están relacionadas con reacciones de hipersensibilidad a picaduras de insectos, y también por media de contacto del pelaje de los équidos con la silla. Las lesiones se caracterizan por nódulos únicos o múltiples circunscritos, redondos, firmes, generalmente indolores, con ausencia de prurito y ulceraciones, y acomete principalmente el cuello, miembros y la región dorsal del animal, sin presentar predilección por sexo, raza o edad. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo relatar el caso de un Muar, 20 anos de edad, pesando 305 kg, atendido en una propiedad cerca de Maringá, Paraná, el cual presentaba lesiones nodulares con aspecto serosanguinolento en cara lateral del miembro torácico derecho habiendo sido diagnosticado através del examen histopatológico con Granuloma eosinofílico cutáneo ulcerativo al cual se instituyó el tratamiento a base de corticoesteroides sistémico obteniendo una respuesta satisfactoria.(AU)

Canine eosinophilic furunculosis / Furunculose eosinofílica canina

Background: The eosinophilic furunculosis is an uncommon skin disease that affects young dogs aged between two and five years. Sex predilections are not noted. Most reported cases have been in large breeds with abundant access to the outdoors like public gardens and parks. The exact pathogenesis remains unknown but the pattern of lesions development suggests involvement reaction to insect bites and arthropods. The time between contact with the agent and the appearance of lesions is short, often less than 24 h. The skin lesions appear suddenly in the face, usually on the dorsal muzzle and/ or periocular region, pinnae and lips. More rarely on the trunk, chest and legs and it is characterized by predominantly hemorrhagic ulcers with edema. Pustules, nodules and plaques rapidly fistulate and drain serosanguinous exudates. Pruritus is variable, but may be severe. Severely affected dogs may be febrile, lethargic and anoretic. Peripheral blood eosinophilia is seen in the majority of cases. Clinical differential diagnosis include demodicosis, dermatophytosis, nasal deep bacterial folliculitis and furunculosis, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythematosus and drug reactions. None of these diseases share the fulminant rapid onset of eosinophilic furunculosis. The diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, cytology and skin biopsies. The treatment involves oral steroids until complet

Background: The eosinophilic furunculosis is an uncommon skin disease that affects young dogs aged between two and five years. Sex predilections are not noted. Most reported cases have been in large breeds with abundant access to the outdoors like public gardens and parks. The exact pathogenesis remains unknown but the pattern of lesions development suggests involvement reaction to insect bites and arthropods. The time between contact with the agent and the appearance of lesions is short, often less than 24 h. The skin lesions appear suddenly in the face, usually on the dorsal muzzle and/ or periocular region, pinnae and lips. More rarely on the trunk, chest and legs and it is characterized by predominantly hemorrhagic ulcers with edema. Pustules, nodules and plaques rapidly fistulate and drain serosanguinous exudates. Pruritus is variable, but may be severe. Severely affected dogs may be febrile, lethargic and anoretic. Peripheral blood eosinophilia is seen in the majority of cases. Clinical differential diagnosis include demodicosis, dermatophytosis, nasal deep bacterial folliculitis and furunculosis, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythematosus and drug reactions. None of these diseases share the fulminant rapid onset of eosinophilic furunculosis. The diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, cytology and skin biopsies. The treatment involves oral steroids until complet

Furunculose eosinofílica canina / Canine eosinophilic furunculosis

Background: The eosinophilic furunculosis is an uncommon skin disease that affects young dogs aged between two and five years. Sex predilections are not noted. Most reported cases have been in large breeds with abundant access to the outdoors like public gardens and parks. The exact pathogenesis remains unknown but the pattern of lesions development suggests involvement reaction to insect bites and arthropods. The time between contact with the agent and the appearance of lesions is short, often less than 24 h. The skin lesions appear suddenly in the face, usually on the dorsal muzzle and/ or periocular region, pinnae and lips. More rarely on the trunk, chest and legs and it is characterized by predominantly hemorrhagic ulcers with edema. Pustules, nodules and plaques rapidly fistulate and drain serosanguinous exudates. Pruritus is variable, but may be severe. Severely affected dogs may be febrile, lethargic and anoretic. Peripheral blood eosinophilia is seen in the majority of cases. Clinical differential diagnosis include demodicosis, dermatophytosis, nasal deep bacterial folliculitis and furunculosis, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythematosus and drug reactions. None of these diseases share the fulminant rapid onset of eosinophilic furunculosis. The diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, cytology and skin biopsies. The treatment involves oral steroids until complete remission of lesions and the antibiotic therapy is indicated in cases of associated bacterial infection. Case: The patient was a 4-year-old, male Pit Bull dog attended in a small animal clinic in Niteroi-Rio de Janeiro, which presented ulcerated, exudative lesions on the dorsal muzzle and right leg. After sedation, clinical examination was performed and an exudate was collected from the ulcerated skin lesion for cytopathological analysis .The slide containing the lesion impression was stained by a quick panoptic method. In order to collect samples, the dog was sedated with a combination of ketamine hydrochloride and acepromazine and a skin fragment was collected from the nasal bridge lesion with a 6 mm punch after local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine hydrochloride. The specimen was fixed in 10% buffered formalin and sent for histopathological analysis. The cytopathological exam revealed a marked eosinophilic inflammation. Histopathological examination revealed ulcerated skin. The epidermis was moderately acanthotic with mild espongiosis and the dermis was characterized by intense eosinophilic folliculocentric inflammations. An extensive folicular rupture, eosinophilic mural foliculitis were presented and PAS staining did not identify fungal structures. Oral prednisone (2 mg/Kg) at 24h intervals was prescribed until complete remission of the lesions. After fifteen days of glucocorticoids therapy, involution of the skin lesions was observed by physical examination and was also reported by the owner. Discussion: The eosinophilic furunculosis is an acute, severe predominantly facial disease of outdoor dogs, which occurrence is rare. The diagnosis and treatment of this disease are frequently neglected because they are not included in the differential diagnosis of diverse cutaneous infections. In view of the scarcity of reports and to alert veterinarians that the disease should be included in the differential diagnosis with other bacterial diseases, this report described a case of canine eosinophilic furunculosis.