Dehydrated cashew apple in different grinding sizes to sheep

The cashew pseudo fruit can be used to animal feeding in tropical and subtropical countries as Brazil, Ivory Coast and Vietnam. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the intake, digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen balance of dehydrated cashew apple by-product to sheep. The experiment was carried out with 24 sheep in a completely randomized design with the treatments distributed in a 4 x2 factorial scheme to test the inclusion (11, 21, 28 and 33% dry matter basis) and the grinding sizes (3 and 19 mm diameter) of dehydrated cashewappleby-product. To grinding sizes there was no effect to intake and digestibility, suggesting the use of dehydrated cashewappleby-product either finely or coarsely milled. The inclusion up to 33% of dehydrated cashewappleby-product inclusion did not affect voluntary intake and nitrogen balance. However, when including above 21%, there was a reduction of ether extract digestibility and more than 28% reduced dry matter and organic matter digestibility.(AU)

Incidences of Calf Diarrhea and the Associated Risk Factors in Ivory Coast (2015-2017) / Ocorrências de Diarréia de bezerro e os Fatores de Risco Associados na Costa do Marfim (2015-2017)

Diarrhea is the most important disease of neonatal calves, and it results in the greatest economic losses. A longitudinal observational study was conducted from September 2015 to October 2017. This study proposes to investigate the incidence of diarrhea in calves and their mortality rate so as to identify potential risk factors related to the occurrence of calf diarrhea on 372 farms in the regions of Abidjan, Bouake, Bondoukou, and Korhogo in Ivory Coast. Information on potential risk factors was collected based on personal observations from regular visits to the farms and from a survey conducted during the period of the study. A total of 2020 calves under the age of three months were selected. Only 347 (17.17%) of the 2020 calves showed signs of diarrhea. The overall mortality rate was 0.39%. Based on the survey, colostrum feeding, the calfs age and sex, calf housing, seasonal variation, the calving period, environment conditions, the ignorance of herdsmen, and management systems were found to be the major risk factors for gastroenteritis in calves. Calves reared in an extensive system were less susceptible to neonatal diarrhea. The calf health and management issues found in this study can be resolved by creating awareness among farm owners and implementing better calf management practices and cattle vaccination programs.

O presente estudo tenta investigar a incidência de diarréia na taxa de mortalidade de bezerros, determinando potenciais fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de diarréia em 372 fazendas das regiões de Abidjan, Bouake, Bondoukou e Korhogo na Costa do Marfim. As informações sobre os possíveis fatores de risco foram coletadas por observação pessoal durante a visita regular às fazendas e a partir de questionário realizado durante o período do estudo. Foram selecionados um total de 2020 bezerros com até três meses de idade. Dos 2020 bezerros pesquisados, apenas 347 (17,17%) apresentaram sinais de diarréia. A taxa de mortalidade geral foi de 0,39%. Com base na pesquisa do questionário, a alimentação com colostro, idade e sexo do bezerro, alojamento do bezerro, estações, período de parto, ambiente, ignorância dos pequenos proprietários e sistema de gestão também foram os principais fatores de risco considerados significativos para promover a gastroenterite do bezerro. Os bezerros criados em um sistema extenso eram menos suscetíveis à diarréia neonatal. Os problemas de saúde e manejo de bezerros encontrados neste estudo podem ser resolvidos com a conscientização dos proprietários das fazendas e a implementação de práticas aprimoradas de manejo de bezerros e vacinação de vacas.

Incidences of Calf Diarrhea and the Associated Risk Factors in Ivory Coast (2015-2017) / Ocorrências de Diarréia de bezerro e os Fatores de Risco Associados na Costa do Marfim (2015-2017)

Diarrhea is the most important disease of neonatal calves, and it results in the greatest economic losses. A longitudinal observational study was conducted from September 2015 to October 2017. This study proposes to investigate the incidence of diarrhea in calves and their mortality rate so as to identify potential risk factors related to the occurrence of calf diarrhea on 372 farms in the regions of Abidjan, Bouake, Bondoukou, and Korhogo in Ivory Coast. Information on potential risk factors was collected based on personal observations from regular visits to the farms and from a survey conducted during the period of the study. A total of 2020 calves under the age of three months were selected. Only 347 (17.17%) of the 2020 calves showed signs of diarrhea. The overall mortality rate was 0.39%. Based on the survey, colostrum feeding, the calfs age and sex, calf housing, seasonal variation, the calving period, environment conditions, the ignorance of herdsmen, and management systems were found to be the major risk factors for gastroenteritis in calves. Calves reared in an extensive system were less susceptible to neonatal diarrhea. The calf health and management issues found in this study can be resolved by creating awareness among farm owners and implementing better calf management practices and cattle vaccination programs.(AU)

O presente estudo tenta investigar a incidência de diarréia na taxa de mortalidade de bezerros, determinando potenciais fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de diarréia em 372 fazendas das regiões de Abidjan, Bouake, Bondoukou e Korhogo na Costa do Marfim. As informações sobre os possíveis fatores de risco foram coletadas por observação pessoal durante a visita regular às fazendas e a partir de questionário realizado durante o período do estudo. Foram selecionados um total de 2020 bezerros com até três meses de idade. Dos 2020 bezerros pesquisados, apenas 347 (17,17%) apresentaram sinais de diarréia. A taxa de mortalidade geral foi de 0,39%. Com base na pesquisa do questionário, a alimentação com colostro, idade e sexo do bezerro, alojamento do bezerro, estações, período de parto, ambiente, ignorância dos pequenos proprietários e sistema de gestão também foram os principais fatores de risco considerados significativos para promover a gastroenterite do bezerro. Os bezerros criados em um sistema extenso eram menos suscetíveis à diarréia neonatal. Os problemas de saúde e manejo de bezerros encontrados neste estudo podem ser resolvidos com a conscientização dos proprietários das fazendas e a implementação de práticas aprimoradas de manejo de bezerros e vacinação de vacas.(AU)

Two new species and new records of Neanuridae (Hexapoda: Collembola) from Brazilian central Amazonia

Two new species of Neanuridae from the Amazon Rainforest of Northern Brazil are described and illustrated. The new species Friesea multiclavata sp. nov. (holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Amazonas State) belongs to the reducta-group and represents the first record of Frieseinae for Amazonas State in Brazil. Within Pseudachorutinae, the new species Furculanurida boiuna sp. nov. (holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Amazonas State) represents the third species of this genus without eyes and body pigment, together with Furculanurida africana (Massoud, 1963) - type species of the genus - and Furculanurida emucronata Zon et al., 2014, both from Ivory Coast, in Africa. Lastly, an indefinite species of Ectonura sp. (Neanurinae) is the second record of the genus for the Neotropical Region.

Two new species and new records of Neanuridae (Hexapoda: Collembola) from Brazilian central Amazonia

Two new species of Neanuridae from the Amazon Rainforest of Northern Brazil are described and illustrated. The new species Friesea multiclavata sp. nov. (holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Amazonas State) belongs to the reducta-group and represents the first record of Frieseinae for Amazonas State in Brazil. Within Pseudachorutinae, the new species Furculanurida boiuna sp. nov. (holotype male in MNRJ: Brazil, Amazonas State) represents the third species of this genus without eyes and body pigment, together with Furculanurida africana (Massoud, 1963) - type species of the genus - and Furculanurida emucronata Zon et al., 2014, both from Ivory Coast, in Africa. Lastly, an indefinite species of Ectonura sp. (Neanurinae) is the second record of the genus for the Neotropical Region.(AU)

New species of Cyamops (Diptera: Opomyzoidea: Periscelididae) from the old and new world tropics

Two new species of Cyamops Melander are described, one from the Afrotropical and one from the Neotropical Region. The newly described species are (type locality in parenthesis): Cyamops mathisi sp. nov. (Province Fianarantsoa, Madagascar) and Cyamops manauensis sp. nov. (state of Amazonas, Brazil). Both species can be separated from congeners based on characters of the male genitalia, particularly the shape of the surstyli. A new country, the Ivory Coast, is added to the distribution records of Cyamops nigeriensis, previously known only from Nigeria and Namibia. Updated keys to the Afrotropical and Neotropical species of the genus are also given.

New species of Cyamops (Diptera: Opomyzoidea: Periscelididae) from the old and new world tropics

Two new species of Cyamops Melander are described, one from the Afrotropical and one from the Neotropical Region. The newly described species are (type locality in parenthesis): Cyamops mathisi sp. nov. (Province Fianarantsoa, Madagascar) and Cyamops manauensis sp. nov. (state of Amazonas, Brazil). Both species can be separated from congeners based on characters of the male genitalia, particularly the shape of the surstyli. A new country, the Ivory Coast, is added to the distribution records of Cyamops nigeriensis, previously known only from Nigeria and Namibia. Updated keys to the Afrotropical and Neotropical species of the genus are also given.

New species of Cyamops (Diptera: Opomyzoidea: Periscelididae) from the old and new world tropics

Two new species of Cyamops Melander are described, one from the Afrotropical and one from the Neotropical Region. The newly described species are (type locality in parenthesis): Cyamops mathisi sp. nov. (Province Fianarantsoa, Madagascar) and Cyamops manauensis sp. nov. (state of Amazonas, Brazil). Both species can be separated from congeners based on characters of the male genitalia, particularly the shape of the surstyli. A new country, the Ivory Coast, is added to the distribution records of Cyamops nigeriensis, previously known only from Nigeria and Namibia. Updated keys to the Afrotropical and Neotropical species of the genus are also given.