Multilobular tumor of bone in bitches: clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and overall survival aspects

Background: Multilobular tumor of bone (MTB) is an unusual neoplasm with variable biologic behavior which originates primarily in bone tissues. Radiographs computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful in diagnoses and surgical planning. Tumor removal with wide surgical margins is the treatment of choice. Immunohistochemistry has been shown as an important tool in veterinary oncology to define therapeutic and prognostic decisions. The goal of this study was to report 2 distinct cases of multilobular tumor of bone, their Cox-2 and Mib-1 immunohistochemical profile and its impact on overall survival. Case: Two bitches were presented at the Oncology Department of the Veterinary Hospital in the Veterinary School of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Both had a history of a progressive, painless, circumscribed, and firm facial mass. The 1st patient was a 8-year-old intact bitch mixed breed, weighing 50 kg, that presented a fast growing right infraorbital 3-cm mass, causing eye displacement. The 2nd patient was a 7-year-old spayed bitch Labrador retriever, weighing 28 kg, that presented a left temporal 8-cm mass. Neurologic examination of both bitches was normal. Skin over the nodules was strained, but with no ulceration. Radiographic exams of the head revealed lytic and proliferative bone reaction, with loss of cortical definition in both cases. These alterations were seen on the left zygomatic arch of the retrobulbar region, involving part of the mandible and of the nasal sinus lateral frontal bone in 1st patient, and on the right temporal process of the zygomatic bone in 2nd patient. The last one, also showed a granular solid mass with little contact with skull bones. Complete blood count, biochemistry profile, electrocardiogram, and 3-view thoracic radiographs were performed. Results were within normal ranges for the species and no signs of metastasis was seen on the radiographs. Location, size, and density of the mass, adjacent tissue compression, absence of cranial invasion, and lymph node size were rigorously evaluated with CT, allowing an individualized surgical planning to achieve complete mass removal and maintenance of the function of adjacent structures. Both animals were submitted to surgery. Both tumors were fixed on 10% neutral buffered formalin and sent to the Animal Pathology Department of UFMG for histopathological examination and margin assessment. Both tumors were diagnosed as grade I MTB. Tumor immunohistochemistry was performed to identify prognostic factors that could be used to better define therapeutic treatments and to try to clarify the discrepancy in disease progression between both tumors. The 1st patient expressed 20% of Mib-1 and was considered score 2 of Cox-2. The 2nd one expressed 5% of Mib-1 and was considered score 1 of Cox-2. Considering the diagnoses and histological characteristics of the tumors, it was decided for clinical follow-up of patients without additional therapeutic complementation. Even considering incomplete surgical margins in 2nd patient, adjuvant chemotherapy was not performed, due to low mitotic index and low histological grade. The 1st patient had an overall survival of 240 days, and death was due to recurrence and disease progression; and the 2nd did not show recurrence nor metastasis after 1200 days. Discussion: Proper and individualized surgical planning and histopathological evaluation are extremely important to guide treatment decisions. However, immunohistochemistry can be important in MTB cases, to help define which patients should be submitted to surgery alone and which patients could be benefited from adjuvant chemotherapy.

Ocorrência simultânea de teratoma ovariano e hiperplasia endometrial cística com piometra em cadela Labrador Retriever / Simultaneous occurrence of ovarian teratoma and endometrial cystic hyperplasia with pyometra in a Labrador Retriever bitch

Background: Ovarian teratoma is a rare tumor that occurs in dogs. Its origin comes from embryonic cells of the notochord and it is a unipotent tumor. Pyometra is the accumulation of purulent content in the uterine lumen. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia is one of the factors predisposing a dog to the development of pyometra. The safest and most efficient treatment for pyometra is ovariohysterectomy. The purpose of this report was to describe a case of ovarian teratoma and cystic endometrial hyperplasia with concomitant pyometra in a Labrador Retriever Bitch. Case: A 10-year-old bitch Labrador Retriever, weighing 42 kg, was evaluated at Animal Care Barueri Veterinary Clinic, in Barueri, São Paulo. The patient was referred from another veterinary service to our clinic for an ovariohysterectomy and removal of an intestinal foreign body as previous ultrasonography (US) had indicated the presence of pyometra and a foreign body in the descending colon (she had ingested cloth according to the owner's report). Laboratory tests, complete blood count, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine levels did not show any significant changes. Upon examination, the clinical signs were mucopurulent vaginal discharge, 5% dehydration, rectal temperature 39.1°C, mild abdominal pain on palpation, normophagy, normodipsia, and normal defecation and urination. Laboratory tests and a new US were requested on which the uterus was observed with the presence of luminal anechoic content and increased uterine diameter (uterine horns 3.97 cm), an acoustic intestinal shadow supposedly from a foreign body, and on the leukogram, leukocytosis (23,600/mm3) due to neutrophilia with a right shift (20,532/mm3) was observed. Therapeutic ovariohysterectomy and exploratory celiotomy were chosen as therapeutic options. Celiotomy with caudoumbilical mid ventral access was performed. When the left uterine horn was identified, an attempt was made to pull it in order to expose the left ovary, but this maneuver was not successful. For this reason, the abdominal incision was enlarged cranially. At that point, a huge mass was observed in the ovary (which was supposedly the acoustic shadow of the foreign body in the descending colon/left ovary). The intestines appeared normal. Macroscopically, the mass had an irregular surface, round shape, firm consistency, and was 15 cm long x 10 cm wide. Once removed, the mass was incised in the transversal direction, purulent content, hair, and mineralized areas inside it were observed. Histopathological examination showed neoplastic proliferation, consisting of cells with elongated epithelioid shape that were arranged in long irregular bundles among well-differentiated adipose tissue. An exuberant eosinophilic matrix with extensive cystic areas filled with lamellar keratin and hairy stems covered by squamous epithelium was also observed. Extensive areas exhibiting nervous tissue with minimal atypia are shown. The morphological picture was compatible with teratoma. Discussion: The present report describes the concomitant presence of ovarian teratoma and pyometra in a dog. The diagnosis of pyometra requires complementary tests (laboratory and imaging). The intestinal acoustic shadow observed on the two US images obtained by two different professionals was suggestive of intestinal foreign body but was also a wrong diagnosis, which was confirmed after an exploratory celiotomy when the mass in the left ovary was identified. On the histopathological examination of this present case, epithelial, nervous, and cartilaginous tissues were observed. This differentiation of tissues corroborated the teratoma diagnosis. Thus, the importance of an accurate diagnosis contributes to the resolution of a surgical conditions that may have had a poor prognosis when the procedure took a longer time to perform.(AU)

Edema de córnea severo em cão naturalmente infectado por Leishmania spp / Severe corneal edema in a dog naturally infected by Leishmania spp

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum that istransmitted to dogs and humans by sandflies. The incidence of eye injuries in VL is high. They occur in 20 to 81% ofinfected dogs and include blepharitis, granulomatous conjunctivitis, scleritis, keratitis, anterior uveitis, keratoconjunctivitissicca, and secondary glaucoma. However, some dogs present only the clinical signs of eye damage. The main objective ofthis manuscript is to report a case of anterior uveitis with severe corneal edema in a dog with VL that underwent clinicaland surgical ophthalmic treatments after miltefosine therapy.Case: An 8-month-old, intact male Labrador Retriever with brown fur presented with pruritus, diffuse desquamation,and conjunctival hyperemia on physical evaluation. On the basis of an ophthalmic examination, nodular conjunctivitisand uveitis were diagnosed in both eyes. Moreover, laboratory examination results showed hyperproteinemia, increasedserum alkaline phosphatase activity, and positive reactions to immunochromatographic tests for VL. Clinical treatmentwas instituted from the moment of diagnosis, when miltefosine and allopurinol were prescribed. at the end of treatment,based on laboratory examination results, only clinical support treatment based on remaining clinical-pathological changeswas prescribed. Topical medications (prednisolone eye drops and sodium hyaluronate) were recommended for the ophthalmic changes. One week after the start of topical treatment, the dog showed...

Edema de córnea severo em cão naturalmente infectado por Leishmania spp / Severe corneal edema in a dog naturally infected by Leishmania spp

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum that istransmitted to dogs and humans by sandflies. The incidence of eye injuries in VL is high. They occur in 20 to 81% ofinfected dogs and include blepharitis, granulomatous conjunctivitis, scleritis, keratitis, anterior uveitis, keratoconjunctivitissicca, and secondary glaucoma. However, some dogs present only the clinical signs of eye damage. The main objective ofthis manuscript is to report a case of anterior uveitis with severe corneal edema in a dog with VL that underwent clinicaland surgical ophthalmic treatments after miltefosine therapy.Case: An 8-month-old, intact male Labrador Retriever with brown fur presented with pruritus, diffuse desquamation,and conjunctival hyperemia on physical evaluation. On the basis of an ophthalmic examination, nodular conjunctivitisand uveitis were diagnosed in both eyes. Moreover, laboratory examination results showed hyperproteinemia, increasedserum alkaline phosphatase activity, and positive reactions to immunochromatographic tests for VL. Clinical treatmentwas instituted from the moment of diagnosis, when miltefosine and allopurinol were prescribed. at the end of treatment,based on laboratory examination results, only clinical support treatment based on remaining clinical-pathological changeswas prescribed. Topical medications (prednisolone eye drops and sodium hyaluronate) were recommended for the ophthalmic changes. One week after the start of topical treatment, the dog showed...(AU)

Refrigeração de sêmen de cães com prostatomegalia / Sperm cooling of dogs with prostatomegaly

A prostatomegalia é uma das prostatopatias mais comuns em cães não-castrados; contudo, estudos que descrevam a resfriamento do sêmen desses animais são inexistentes. O presente trabalho objetivou refrigerar o sêmen de cães com prostatomegalia. Foram utilizados 4 cães (2 Rottweiler, 1 Pastor Alemão e 1 Retriever Labrador) diagnosticados com prostatomegalia, por meio de palpação retal, exame ultrassonográfico e hemospermia. Realizaram-se duas coletas de sêmen de cada animal (n = 8), por meio de manipulação digital, sendo realizada avaliação, por meio de microscopia óptica para os parâmetros de concentração espermática, motilidade (%), vigor (0-5), espermatozoides morfologicamente normais (%), viáveis (%) e com membrana funcional (%). Após a avaliação do sêmen fresco (SF), o mesmo foi diluído com TRIS, adicionado de 20% de gema de ovo e 6% glicerol, atingindo a concentração de 50 x106sptz/mL. O sêmen foi novamente avaliado após a diluição (AD), acondicionado em caixa térmica (4 °C/40min), transferido para um refrigerador (4 °C) e reavaliado às 2h, 4h e 6h. A motilidade e o vigor do SF foram superiores aos demais tempos avaliados, mas se mantiveram estáveis e não diferiram de AD até as 6h de refrigeração. A viabilidade não diferiu entre o SF e AD, mas foi reduzida aproximadamente 52,5%, durante a refrigeração. A percentagem de espermatozoides com membrana funcional e com morfologia normal não diferiu entre os tempos analisados. Como os parâmetros espermáticos durante a refrigeração são inferiores aos recomendados para a espécie (>30% e 3, respectivamente), conclui-se que o sêmen resfriado de cães com prostatomegalia é inviável e insatisfatório para programas de reprodução assistida.

A prostatomegaly is one of the most common prostate disease in non-castrated dogs. Studies that describe cooled semen of these animals do not exist. So, the present work aimed to cool the semen of dogs with prostatomegaly. Four dogs (2 Rottweiler, 1 German Shepherd and 1 Labrador Retriever) were diagnosed with prostatomegaly by rectal palpation, ultrasound examination and hemospermia. Two semen samples were collected from each animal (n = 8) by digital manipulation, using optical microscopy for sperm concentration, motility (%), vigor (0-5), morphologically normal spermatozoa (%), viable (%) and functional membrane (%). Afterfresh semen (FS) evaluation, the semen was diluted with TRIS added with 20% egg yolk and 6% glycerol, producing a concentration of 50 x106sptz/mL. (4 °C/40min)(after dilution -AD), transferred to a refrigerator (4 °C) and reassessed at 2h, 4h and 6h. A motility and vigor of FS were the most advanced, but remained and did not differ from AD up to 6h refrigeration. Viability did not differ between FSand AD but reduced approximately 52.5% during refrigeration. The percentage of spermatozoa with functional membrane and normal morphology did not differ between the times analyzed. As the parameters expected during refrigeration are inferior to those recommended for a species (<30% and 3, respectively), it is concluded that semen of dogs with prostatomegaly are invalid and unsatisfactory for assisted reproduction programs.

Refrigeração de sêmen de cães com prostatomegalia / Sperm cooling of dogs with prostatomegaly

A prostatomegalia é uma das prostatopatias mais comuns em cães não-castrados; contudo, estudos que descrevam a resfriamento do sêmen desses animais são inexistentes. O presente trabalho objetivou refrigerar o sêmen de cães com prostatomegalia. Foram utilizados 4 cães (2 Rottweiler, 1 Pastor Alemão e 1 Retriever Labrador) diagnosticados com prostatomegalia, por meio de palpação retal, exame ultrassonográfico e hemospermia. Realizaram-se duas coletas de sêmen de cada animal (n = 8), por meio de manipulação digital, sendo realizada avaliação, por meio de microscopia óptica para os parâmetros de concentração espermática, motilidade (%), vigor (0-5), espermatozoides morfologicamente normais (%), viáveis (%) e com membrana funcional (%). Após a avaliação do sêmen fresco (SF), o mesmo foi diluído com TRIS, adicionado de 20% de gema de ovo e 6% glicerol, atingindo a concentração de 50 x106sptz/mL. O sêmen foi novamente avaliado após a diluição (AD), acondicionado em caixa térmica (4 °C/40min), transferido para um refrigerador (4 °C) e reavaliado às 2h, 4h e 6h. A motilidade e o vigor do SF foram superiores aos demais tempos avaliados, mas se mantiveram estáveis e não diferiram de AD até as 6h de refrigeração. A viabilidade não diferiu entre o SF e AD, mas foi reduzida aproximadamente 52,5%, durante a refrigeração. A percentagem de espermatozoides com membrana funcional e com morfologia normal não diferiu entre os tempos analisados. Como os parâmetros espermáticos durante a refrigeração são inferiores aos recomendados para a espécie (>30% e 3, respectivamente), conclui-se que o sêmen resfriado de cães com prostatomegalia é inviável e insatisfatório para programas de reprodução assistida.(AU)

A prostatomegaly is one of the most common prostate disease in non-castrated dogs. Studies that describe cooled semen of these animals do not exist. So, the present work aimed to cool the semen of dogs with prostatomegaly. Four dogs (2 Rottweiler, 1 German Shepherd and 1 Labrador Retriever) were diagnosed with prostatomegaly by rectal palpation, ultrasound examination and hemospermia. Two semen samples were collected from each animal (n = 8) by digital manipulation, using optical microscopy for sperm concentration, motility (%), vigor (0-5), morphologically normal spermatozoa (%), viable (%) and functional membrane (%). Afterfresh semen (FS) evaluation, the semen was diluted with TRIS added with 20% egg yolk and 6% glycerol, producing a concentration of 50 x106sptz/mL. (4 °C/40min)(after dilution -AD), transferred to a refrigerator (4 °C) and reassessed at 2h, 4h and 6h. A motility and vigor of FS were the most advanced, but remained and did not differ from AD up to 6h refrigeration. Viability did not differ between FSand AD but reduced approximately 52.5% during refrigeration. The percentage of spermatozoa with functional membrane and normal morphology did not differ between the times analyzed. As the parameters expected during refrigeration are inferior to those recommended for a species (<30% and 3, respectively), it is concluded that semen of dogs with prostatomegaly are invalid and unsatisfactory for assisted reproduction programs.(AU)

Comparison of the proximal tibial angles between Labrador Retrievers and other dog breeds with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture / Comparação dos ângulos da tíbia proximal entre cães da raça Labrador Retriever e cães de outras raças com e sem ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial

The influence of the proximal tibia conformation in the rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs is still controversial, especially in Labrador Retrievers. The aim of this study was to compare the angles of the proximal tibia between Labrador Retrievers and other large breeds of dogs, both groups with and without CCL rupture. Radiographic images of 64 stifle joints were obtained and divided into four groups of 16 images. Group 1 consisted of Labrador dogs without orthopedic disorders, group 2 consisted of Labrador dogs with CCL rupture, group 3 consisted of dogs of various large breeds without orthopedic disorders, and group 4 consisted of dogs of various large breeds with CCL rupture. The radiographs were performed in mediolateral projection with the stifle joint positioned at an approximate angle of 135°. The tibial plateau angle showed an overall average of 22.17°±4.20°, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The patellar ligament angle in relation to the tibial plateau had a mean of 103°±4.20°, and there was a significant difference between groups 1 and 4. The patellar ligament angle in relation to the common tangent at the tibiofemoral contact point showed an average of 99.06°±6.08°, and there was no difference between the groups. The patellar ligament insertion angle had an overall average of 51.45°±5.06°, and there was a significant difference between the two groups of normal dogs and two groups of ruptured dogs. In conclusion, the tibial plateau angle, the patellar ligament angles and the patellar ligament insertion angle do not seem to be predisposing factors for rupture of the CCL in Labrador Retriever dogs. In general, there seems to be no relationship between the angles of the proximal tibia and the CCL rupture in dogs.(AU)

A influência da conformação da porção proximal da tíbia na ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCC) em cães ainda é controversa, principalmente na raça Labrador Retriever. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os ângulos da tíbia proximal entre cães da raça Labrador Retriever e cães de outras raças grandes com e sem ruptura do LCC. Foram selecionadas 64 imagens radiográficas da articulação do joelho de cães, que foram divididas em quatro grupos com 16 imagens cada. O grupo 1 foi formado por cães da raça Labrador sem alterações ortopédicas, o grupo 2 por cães da raça Labrador com ruptura do LCC, o grupo 3 por cães de várias raças grandes sem alterações ortopédicas, e o grupo 4 por cães de diversas raças grandes com ruptura do LCC. Foram realizadas radiografias na projeção mediolateral com a articulação do joelho posicionada em angulação média de 135°. O ângulo do platô tibial apresentou média geral de 22,17°±4,20°, não sendo encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. O ângulo do ligamento patelar em relação ao platô tibial apresentou média geral de 103,00°±4,20°, havendo diferença significativa entre os grupos 1 e 4. O ângulo do ligamento patelar em relação à tangente comum no ponto de contato tibiofemoral apresentou média geral de 99.06°±6.08°, não havendo diferença estatística entre os grupos. O ângulo de inserção do ligamento patelar teve média geral de 51.45°±5.06°, com diferença significativa entre os grupos dos cães normais e dos cães com ruptura. Conclui-se que o ângulo do platô tibial, os ângulos do ligamento patelar e o ângulo de inserção do ligamento patelar não parecem ser fatores predisponentes para a ruptura do LCC em cães da raça Labrador Retriever. Em geral, não há relação entre os ângulos da tíbia proximal e a ruptura do LCC em cães.(AU)

Sinfisiodese púbica juvenil: avaliação de cinco cães (Canis familiaris) da raça retriever labrador operados com 20 semanas de idade

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Sinfisiodese púbica juvenil: avaliação de cinco cães (Canis familiaris) da raça retriever labrador operados com 20 semanas de idade

O artigo não apresenta resumo.