Coleopterans prospection associated to forest ecosystems of Swietenia macrophylla (King), Eastern Amazonia / Prospecção de coleópteros associados a ecossistemas florestais de Swietenia macrophylla (King), Amazônia Oriental

Few research on the entomofauna associated to forest plantations with Swietenia macrophylla (King) in Brazil has been reported. The aim of this study was to analyze the Coleoptera communities in forest ecosystems with S. macrophylla, Brazilian mahogany, with emphasis on the diversity of families and the main functional groups. The insects were collected through pitfall traps in three forest ecosystems: monoculture, consortium and forest enriched with Brazilian mahogany, during dry and rainy periods in two consecutive years. The identification of the captured insects occurred in the entomology laboratory of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia. The analysis was performed through Past Paleontological Statistic 3.14 and ANAFAU, where the difference was considered significant only when p ? 0.05. 11,358 specimens from 21 families were captured, of which 8,058 were sampled in the rainy season and 3,299 in the dry season. There was influence of seasonality and types of forest ecosystems during collection. The families Nitidulidae, Staphylinidae, Carabidae and Meloidae presented greater abundance and richness in the complex ecosystems. Anobiidae, Cerambycidae, Bostrichidae, Brentidae, Buprestidae, Curculionidae, Elateridae, Chrysomelidae and Lagriidae were considered to be pests and common to all studied ecosystems; however, the families Nitidulidae, Scarabaeidae, Tenebrionidae and Passalidae had the function of decomposers; Carabidae, Coccinellidae, Histeridae, Meloidae, Staphylinidae, Cantharidae and Hydrophilidae were the predators.(AU)

Poucas pesquisas sobre a entomofauna associada a plantios florestais com Swietenia macrophylla (King), no Brasil, tem sido reportadas. Pretendeu-se estudar a prospecção de comunidades de Coleópteros em ecossistemas florestais com S. macrophylla, mogno brasileiro, com ênfase na diversidade de famílias e dos principais grupos funcionais. A coleta dos insetos foi através de armadilhas do tipo pitfall traps em três ecossistemas florestais: monocultivo, consórcio e floresta enriquecida com mogno brasileiro, durante os períodos seco e chuvoso em dois anos consecutivos. A identificação dos insetos capturados ocorreu no laboratório de entomologia da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. As análises foram realizadas através dos programas Past Paleontological Statistic 3,14, e ANAFAU, onde a diferença foi considerada significativa apenas quando p ≤ 0,05. Foram capturados 11.358 espécimes de 21 famílias, sendo 8.058 indivíduos no período chuvoso e 3.299 no seco. Houve influência da sazonalidade e dos tipos de ecossistemas florestais durante a coleta. As famílias Nitidulidae, Staphylinidae, Carabidae e Meloidae apresentaram maior abundância e riqueza nos ecossistemas mais complexos. Anobiidae, Cerambycidae, Bostrichidae, Brentidae, Buprestidae, Curculionidae, Elateridae, Chrysomelidae e Lagriidae foram as famílias consideradas pragas e comuns a todos os ecossistemas estudados, entretanto, as famílias Nitidulidae, Scarabaeidae, Tenebrionidae e Passalidae tiveram função de decompositores; Carabidae, Coccinellidae, Histeridae, Meloidae, Staphylinidae, Cantharidae e Hydrophilidae foram os predadores.(AU)

Coleopterans prospection associated to forest ecosystems of Swietenia macrophylla (King), Eastern Amazonia / Prospecção de coleópteros associados a ecossistemas florestais de Swietenia macrophylla (King), Amazônia Oriental

Few research on the entomofauna associated to forest plantations with Swietenia macrophylla (King) in Brazil has been reported. The aim of this study was to analyze the Coleoptera communities in forest ecosystems with S. macrophylla, Brazilian mahogany, with emphasis on the diversity of families and the main functional groups. The insects were collected through pitfall traps in three forest ecosystems: monoculture, consortium and forest enriched with Brazilian mahogany, during dry and rainy periods in two consecutive years. The identification of the captured insects occurred in the entomology laboratory of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia. The analysis was performed through Past Paleontological Statistic 3.14 and ANAFAU, where the difference was considered significant only when p ? 0.05. 11,358 specimens from 21 families were captured, of which 8,058 were sampled in the rainy season and 3,299 in the dry season. There was influence of seasonality and types of forest ecosystems during collection. The families Nitidulidae, Staphylinidae, Carabidae and Meloidae presented greater abundance and richness in the complex ecosystems. Anobiidae, Cerambycidae, Bostrichidae, Brentidae, Buprestidae, Curculionidae, Elateridae, Chrysomelidae and Lagriidae were considered to be pests and common to all studied ecosystems; however, the families Nitidulidae, Scarabaeidae, Tenebrionidae and Passalidae had the function of decomposers; Carabidae, Coccinellidae, Histeridae, Meloidae, Staphylinidae, Cantharidae and Hydrophilidae were the predators.

Poucas pesquisas sobre a entomofauna associada a plantios florestais com Swietenia macrophylla (King), no Brasil, tem sido reportadas. Pretendeu-se estudar a prospecção de comunidades de Coleópteros em ecossistemas florestais com S. macrophylla, mogno brasileiro, com ênfase na diversidade de famílias e dos principais grupos funcionais. A coleta dos insetos foi através de armadilhas do tipo pitfall traps em três ecossistemas florestais: monocultivo, consórcio e floresta enriquecida com mogno brasileiro, durante os períodos seco e chuvoso em dois anos consecutivos. A identificação dos insetos capturados ocorreu no laboratório de entomologia da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. As análises foram realizadas através dos programas Past Paleontological Statistic 3,14, e ANAFAU, onde a diferença foi considerada significativa apenas quando p ≤ 0,05. Foram capturados 11.358 espécimes de 21 famílias, sendo 8.058 indivíduos no período chuvoso e 3.299 no seco. Houve influência da sazonalidade e dos tipos de ecossistemas florestais durante a coleta. As famílias Nitidulidae, Staphylinidae, Carabidae e Meloidae apresentaram maior abundância e riqueza nos ecossistemas mais complexos. Anobiidae, Cerambycidae, Bostrichidae, Brentidae, Buprestidae, Curculionidae, Elateridae, Chrysomelidae e Lagriidae foram as famílias consideradas pragas e comuns a todos os ecossistemas estudados, entretanto, as famílias Nitidulidae, Scarabaeidae, Tenebrionidae e Passalidae tiveram função de decompositores; Carabidae, Coccinellidae, Histeridae, Meloidae, Staphylinidae, Cantharidae e Hydrophilidae foram os predadores.

Entomofauna associada ao pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess) na Serra da Bandeira, Barreiras, Bahia / Entomofauna associated with pequi tree (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess) in Serra da Bandeira, Barreiras, Bahia

Na ausência de informações sobre a interação entre insetos e pequizeiro na região oeste da Bahia, o objetivo foi identificar a composição da entomofauna associada ao pequizeiro em duas áreas com diferentes níveis de perturbação antrópica (interior e borda), na Serra da Bandeira, Barreiras, estado da Bahia. Bem como, verificar se a fenologia da planta e os fatores climáticos influenciam na presença dos insetos associados. Para isso, foram selecionados 20 pequizeiros semelhantes em altura (5 a 10 m) e fenologia, sendo 10 pequizeiros no interior do fragmento e os outros 10 na área de borda. Os insetos foram amostrados mensalmente, de dezembro de 2015 a dezembro de 2016, utilizando os métodos guarda-chuva entomológico e o aspirador entomológico. A entomofauna foi identificada ao nível taxonômico de família e amostrado a quantidade, constância e percentual da quantidade de insetos. De maneira complementar, observou-se as fenofases da planta. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizados os índices de atividade, intensidade de Fournier, frequência e duração para a fenologia. Para a entomofauna, foi realizada a correlação entre as fenofases e insetos, bem como, a correlação entre fatores climáticos e os insetos. Neste estudo, foram coletados 1860 insetos, sendo 785 indivíduos encontrados na área interna e 1075 na área de borda. Quando se trata de riqueza, na área interna, foram coletadas 22 famílias, enquanto a área de borda obteve 23 famílias. No que se refere à fenologia, o C. brasiliense apresentou, nas duas áreas de estudo, padrões semelhantes nas fenofases vegetativas, enquanto diferenciavam suas características nas fenofases reprodutivas. A maioria das famílias de insetos apresentou correlação negativa muito fraca com as fenofases do C. brasiliense. Destaca-se a fenofase queda foliar e frutificação que apresentou correlação positiva muito forte com algumas famílias. Portanto, a família de insetos mais representativa foi...(AU)

Due to lack of information about the interaction between insects and pequi tree in western Bahia, the objective was to identify the composition of the entomofauna associated with pequi tree in two areas presenting different levels of anthropic disturbance (core and border) in Bandeira Sierra, Barreiras, State of Bahia. Also, to verify if the plant phenology and the climatic factors influence in the presence of the associated insects. In order to do so, 20 pequi trees similar in height (5 to 10 m) and phenology were selected, being 10 pequi trees in the core fragment and the other 10 in the border area. The insects were sampled monthly, from December 2015 to December 2016, using the entomological umbrella and the entomological vacuum cleaner methods. The entomofauna was identified at the taxonomic level of family and the quantity, constancy and percentage of the number of insects were sampled. As complementary, the plant phenophase was observed. For data analysis, the activity indexes, Fournier intensity, frequency and duration for phenology were used. For entomofauna, the correlation between phenophases and insects was verified, as well as the correlation between climatic factors and insects. In this study, 1860 insects were collected, being 785 individuals found in the core area and 1075 in the border area. When it comes to richness, in the core area, 22 families were collected, while the border area obtained 23 families. As for phenology, C. brasiliense presented similar patterns in vegetative phenophases in the two study areas, while distinguishing their characteristics in reproductive phenophases. Most of the insect families showed weak negative correlation with the C. brasiliense phenophases. It stands out the foliar fall phenophase and fruiting that presented strong positive correlation with some families. Therefore, the most representative insect family was Formicidae, whereas taxa such as Alleculidae, Erotylidae, Meloidae, Muscidae...(AU)

Entomofauna associada ao pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess) na Serra da Bandeira, Barreiras, Bahia / Entomofauna associated with pequi tree (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess) in Serra da Bandeira, Barreiras, Bahia

Na ausência de informações sobre a interação entre insetos e pequizeiro na região oeste da Bahia, o objetivo foi identificar a composição da entomofauna associada ao pequizeiro em duas áreas com diferentes níveis de perturbação antrópica (interior e borda), na Serra da Bandeira, Barreiras, estado da Bahia. Bem como, verificar se a fenologia da planta e os fatores climáticos influenciam na presença dos insetos associados. Para isso, foram selecionados 20 pequizeiros semelhantes em altura (5 a 10 m) e fenologia, sendo 10 pequizeiros no interior do fragmento e os outros 10 na área de borda. Os insetos foram amostrados mensalmente, de dezembro de 2015 a dezembro de 2016, utilizando os métodos guarda-chuva entomológico e o aspirador entomológico. A entomofauna foi identificada ao nível taxonômico de família e amostrado a quantidade, constância e percentual da quantidade de insetos. De maneira complementar, observou-se as fenofases da planta. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizados os índices de atividade, intensidade de Fournier, frequência e duração para a fenologia. Para a entomofauna, foi realizada a correlação entre as fenofases e insetos, bem como, a correlação entre fatores climáticos e os insetos. Neste estudo, foram coletados 1860 insetos, sendo 785 indivíduos encontrados na área interna e 1075 na área de borda. Quando se trata de riqueza, na área interna, foram coletadas 22 famílias, enquanto a área de borda obteve 23 famílias. No que se refere à fenologia, o C. brasiliense apresentou, nas duas áreas de estudo, padrões semelhantes nas fenofases vegetativas, enquanto diferenciavam suas características nas fenofases reprodutivas. A maioria das famílias de insetos apresentou correlação negativa muito fraca com as fenofases do C. brasiliense. Destaca-se a fenofase queda foliar e frutificação que apresentou correlação positiva muito forte com algumas famílias. Portanto, a família de insetos mais representativa foi...

Due to lack of information about the interaction between insects and pequi tree in western Bahia, the objective was to identify the composition of the entomofauna associated with pequi tree in two areas presenting different levels of anthropic disturbance (core and border) in Bandeira Sierra, Barreiras, State of Bahia. Also, to verify if the plant phenology and the climatic factors influence in the presence of the associated insects. In order to do so, 20 pequi trees similar in height (5 to 10 m) and phenology were selected, being 10 pequi trees in the core fragment and the other 10 in the border area. The insects were sampled monthly, from December 2015 to December 2016, using the entomological umbrella and the entomological vacuum cleaner methods. The entomofauna was identified at the taxonomic level of family and the quantity, constancy and percentage of the number of insects were sampled. As complementary, the plant phenophase was observed. For data analysis, the activity indexes, Fournier intensity, frequency and duration for phenology were used. For entomofauna, the correlation between phenophases and insects was verified, as well as the correlation between climatic factors and insects. In this study, 1860 insects were collected, being 785 individuals found in the core area and 1075 in the border area. When it comes to richness, in the core area, 22 families were collected, while the border area obtained 23 families. As for phenology, C. brasiliense presented similar patterns in vegetative phenophases in the two study areas, while distinguishing their characteristics in reproductive phenophases. Most of the insect families showed weak negative correlation with the C. brasiliense phenophases. It stands out the foliar fall phenophase and fruiting that presented strong positive correlation with some families. Therefore, the most representative insect family was Formicidae, whereas taxa such as Alleculidae, Erotylidae, Meloidae, Muscidae...

Origin, transfer and distribution of cantharidin-related compounds in the blister beetle Hycleus scabiosae

Cantharidin provides chemical protection for the coleopteran families Meloidae and Oedemeridae. In the present study, it was observed that cantharidin concentration in Hycleus scabiosae was slightly decreased from mated females (mean = 0.011 mg/mg of dry weight) to males (mean = 0.010 mg/mg) and considerably diminished in relation to virgin females (mean = 0.005 mg/mg). Significant concentrations of palasonin (21.69 ng/mg among virgins and 17.49 ng/mg in mated females) and palasoninimide (14.62 ng/mg in virgins and 9.17 ng/mg in mated females) were found in H. scabiosae. Palasonin, palasoninimide and cantharidinimide content of eggs were measured as 5.61, 7.69 and 7.80 ng/mg respectively. Surprisingly, males showed no trace of cantharidin-related compounds (CRCs); therefore CRCs in H. scabiosae could not be transferred from males to females and based on experiments employing its deuterated form, cantharidin is probably independently synthesized in females from the male nuptial transfer. An inseminated female incorporates about 38.5 ng of cantharidin (0.34 percent of the maternal content), 196.35 ng of palasonin (91.82 percent of maternal content) and 269.15 ng of palasoninimide (96.70 percent maternal content) into each egg mass during oviposition. It seems that eggs of this meloid species exploit a different array of protective chemicals by increasing the ratio of CRCs versus cantharidin. CRCs are less toxic than cantharidin; therefore, such compounds might have been deposited in eggs as a safer substitute for cantharidin to provide effective protection, but does not simultaneously harm the susceptible embryo.(AU)

ASPECTOS DA BIOLOGIA DE NIDIFICAÇÃO DE ABELHAS SOLITÁRIAS NO MACIÇO DE BATURITÉ, CEARÁ

O objetivo desta tese foi estudar a estrutura da comunidade de abelhas que nidificam em cavidades preexistentes em resquícios de Mata Atlântica da região do Maciço de Baturité Ceará. Para tanto foram verificados a ocupação e emergência de abelhas e vespas que nidificam em ninhos-armadilha, bem como avaliados os aspectos sobre a estrutura dos ninhos, razão sexual, mortalidade, preferência por diferentes tipos de substratos e diâmetros além da presença de inimigos naturais dessas espécies, em cinco áreas da região, visando sua utilização em programas de manejo de polinização. As amostragens foram realizadas utilizando três tipos de ninhos-armadilha: gomos de bambu secos, tubos de cartolina e caixas racionais. Nas cinco áreas de mata serrana úmida estudadas foram ocupados 90 ninhos artificiais por abelhas e vespas. Seis espécies de abelhas, distribuídas em cinco gêneros (Centris, Mesocheira, Euglossa, Megachile e Coelioxys) e duas famílias (Apidae e Megachilidae) ocuparam 34 ninhos-armadilha. Do total de ninhos registrados com emergência foram obtidos 177 indivíduos, sendo 131 abelhas, 38 vespas e 8 coleópteros. Nos 34 ninhos de abelhas obtidos, foram construídas 162 células de cria, com o número de células por ninho-armadilha variando de 1 a 13 células de cria e o comprimento desses ninhos variando de 2,4 a 14 cm. Treze ninhos foram parasitados por himenópteros (Apidae e Megachilidae) e coleópteros (Meloidae), resultando em uma taxa de parasitismo de 38,2 % do total de ninhos fundados. Além disto, ocorreu mortalidade por causas desconhecidas em 29,4 % dos indivíduos, antes de chegar na fase adulta. As abelhas nidificaram nos três tipos de ninhos-armadilhas oferecidos, sendo os gomos de bambu os mais utilizados pelas espécies de abelhas para a construção de seus ninhos (p < 0,05), correspondendo a 82% do total utilizado. As abelhas revelaram uma maior preferência de nidificação em orifícios com diâmetros menores. Conclui-se, que os dados apresentados são importantes para realização de práticas que objetivem a manutenção e conservação dessas espécies, podendo também serem úteis para serviços de polinização de plantas nativas e agrícolas da região.

The aim of this study was at evaluating the structure of solitary bee communities that nest in pre-existing cavities and their preference for different substrates and diameters in Atlantic Forest fragments of Maciço de Baturité, Ceará. The samples were taken from September 2012 to November 2013 in four areas of Maciço de Baturité-CE region, through three types of trap-nests: buds of dried bamboo, cardboard tubes and rational boxes. Out of the total of 24 nests recorded with emergence of bees in the four areas studied, 131 individuals were sampled from two families (Apidae and Megachilidae) and five genera (Centris, Mesocheira, Euglossa, Megachile and Coelioxys), totalizing six species caught. Bees nested in the three types of trap-nests offered. However, there was a preference for certain types of substrates (2 = 17.89; p = 0.0001), and the bamboo canes the most commonly used by bees to build their nests (p <0.05), corresponding 82% (n = 28) out of total used. This kind of nest was also occupied by a larger number of bees (2 = 7.16, p <0.05). As a general rule, it was observed that the bees nested on substrates with a maximum of 1.3 cm in diameter, revealing a stronger preference for nesting in holes with smaller diameters, however, this preference varied according to each species. The Atlantic Forest fragments of Maciço de Baturité keeps bees that nest in pre-existing cavities, making it an important region for promoting the conservation and maintenance this group of species.

Medically important beetles (insecta: coleoptera) of Iran

This study focused on coleopteran species that are responsible for the emergence of recent cases of dermatological manifestations in Iran. To the best of our knowledge, five species of the family Meloidae and nine species of the genus Paederus are by far the only beetles recognized as medically important in Iran. The staphylinids consists of Paederus ilsae, P. iliensis, P. fuscipes, P. kalalovae, P. balcanicus, P. lenkoranus, P. littoralis, P. carpathicus, P. nigricornis, while the meloids are Mylabris impressa, M. guerini, Muzimes iranicus, Alosimus smyrnensis and Epicauta sharpi. Most cases of linear dermatitis in this country occur in areas bordering the Caspian Sea. This problem is caused by beetles of the genus Paederus which are present as adults from mid-April to October with particularly high incidences from May to August. Fars (in southern Iran) ranks second in number of cases of insect-induced dermatitis. The third major region in which this type of dermatitis has been recorded is Hamedan Province, in the west of the country. Meloid dermatitis showed its highest severity in 2001, when a considerable number of patients sought medical help in Toyserkan and Nahavand counties. New cases of skin blistering were reported along the Persian Gulf coast and the agent was identified as Epicauta sharpi (Coleoptera: Meloidae). In all these regions, it was observed that recorded cases of lesions coincided precisely with the yearly peaks of the beetles. Paederus fuscipes and P. kalalovae are the predominant species along the Caspian Sea shore. It appears that P. fuscipes is homogeneously distributed throughout the Caspian Sea region while the distribution of the other species is more irregular. Paederus fuscipes is probably the major agent that causes linear dermatitis in northern Iran. Whereas this disease is a rural difficulty in the south, mainly in villages or small towns, it is an urban problem in northern provinces along the Caspian Sea shore. Meloid dermatitis has been registered only in western and southern Iran. It is not as widespread as linear dermatitis and remains a minor rural health problem.

Medically important beetles (insecta: coleoptera) of Iran

This study focused on coleopteran species that are responsible for the emergence of recent cases of dermatological manifestations in Iran. To the best of our knowledge, five species of the family Meloidae and nine species of the genus Paederus are by far the only beetles recognized as medically important in Iran. The staphylinids consists of Paederus ilsae, P. iliensis, P. fuscipes, P. kalalovae, P. balcanicus, P. lenkoranus, P. littoralis, P. carpathicus, P. nigricornis, while the meloids are Mylabris impressa, M. guerini, Muzimes iranicus, Alosimus smyrnensis and Epicauta sharpi. Most cases of linear dermatitis in this country occur in areas bordering the Caspian Sea. This problem is caused by beetles of the genus Paederus which are present as adults from mid-April to October with particularly high incidences from May to August. Fars (in southern Iran) ranks second in number of cases of insect-induced dermatitis. The third major region in which this type of dermatitis has been recorded is Hamedan Province, in the west of the country. Meloid dermatitis showed its highest severity in 2001, when a considerable number of patients sought medical help in Toyserkan and Nahavand counties. New cases of skin blistering were reported along the Persian Gulf coast and the agent was identified as Epicauta sharpi (Coleoptera: Meloidae). In all these regions, it was observed that recorded cases of lesions coincided precisely with the yearly peaks of the beetles. Paederus fuscipes and P. kalalovae are the predominant species along the Caspian Sea shore. It appears that P. fuscipes is homogeneously distributed throughout the Caspian Sea region while the distribution of the other species is more irregular. Paederus fuscipes is probably the major agent that causes linear dermatitis in northern Iran. Whereas this disease is a rural difficulty in the south, mainly in villages or small towns, it is an urban problem in northern provinces along the Caspian Sea shore. Meloid dermatitis has been registered only in western and southern Iran. It is not as widespread as linear dermatitis and remains a minor rural health problem.(AU)

Ocorrência de acidentes em humanos causados por epicauta excavata klug, 1825 (coleoptera, meloidae) no sul do rio grande do sul, brasil

ABSTRACT This article reports on the occurrence of accidents in humans caused by Epicauta excavata Klug, 1825 (Coleoptera, Meloidae) in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This work is the first report of accidents caused by Epicauta in this region and by E. excavata in Brazil.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a ocorrência de acidentes em humanos causados por Epicauta excavata Klug, 1825 (Coleoptera, Meloidae), no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Este relato constitui o primeiro registro de acidente por Epicauta nesta região e por E. excavata, no Brasil.

Detection of cantharidin-related compounds in Mylabris impressa (Coleoptera: Meloidae)

Cantharidin is mainly found in the beetle families Meloidae and Oedemeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) which are the natural producers of this terpene anhydride. Most studies to date have focused on cantharidin distribution in blister beetles, with few reports on recently found cantharidin-related compounds (CRCs). Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the present work reported cantharidin and two CRCs, palasonin and cantharidinimide from Mylabris impressa stillata (Baudi, 1878) which was collected from Toyserkan county, Hamedan Province, Iran. Ionization provided mass spectra with characteristic fragments of cantharidin at m/z 96 and 128, demethylcantharidin at m/z 82 and 114, and cantharidinimide at m/z 70, 96 and 127. This is the first time that cantharidin and the two CRCs are found in the genus Mylabris which in turn is new to the field of venomous insects.

Detection of cantharidin-related compounds in Mylabris impressa (Coleoptera: Meloidae)

Cantharidin is mainly found in the beetle families Meloidae and Oedemeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) which are the natural producers of this terpene anhydride. Most studies to date have focused on cantharidin distribution in blister beetles, with few reports on recently found cantharidin-related compounds (CRCs). Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the present work reported cantharidin and two CRCs, palasonin and cantharidinimide from Mylabris impressa stillata (Baudi, 1878) which was collected from Toyserkan county, Hamedan Province, Iran. Ionization provided mass spectra with characteristic fragments of cantharidin at m/z 96 and 128, demethylcantharidin at m/z 82 and 114, and cantharidinimide at m/z 70, 96 and 127. This is the first time that cantharidin and the two CRCs are found in the genus Mylabris which in turn is new to the field of venomous insects.(AU)

Nesting biology of Centris (Hemisiella) tarsata Smith in southern Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini)

A total of 67 nests of Centris tarsata were obtained from wood trap-nests of different diameters, consisting of a linear series of brood cells built with sand mixed with oil. This species showed a preference for open habitats, since it occurred only in Swamp and Grassland areas and has never been found in the Araucaria forest. Nesting activity was bigger during the hot season, especially in December and January. The Sex ratio was of 1.48:1 (females/males), significantly different from 1:1. The females were larger than the males and these showed no dimorphism. Males were produced in the outermost cells and females in the innermost cells. C. tarsata presented a direct development without diapause in larval stage. They overwinter as adults. Development time was similar for males and females. Natural enemies are Bombyliidae Mesocheira bicolor, Coelioxys sp. and Meloidae.

Um total de 67 ninhos de Centris tarsata foi obtido utilizando-se ninhos armadilhas. Eles consistiram de uma série linear de células construídas com uma mistura de areia e óleo. Essa espécie apresentou preferência por ambientes abertos, ocorrendo apenas em áreas de Campo e de Várzea, e não ocorrendo em Florestas de Araucárias. Sua atividade de nidificação foi maior nos meses mais quentes, especialmente dezembro e janeiro. A razão sexual foi de 1,48:1 (fêmeas/machos), significativamente diferente de 1:1. Embora não haja dimorfismo sexual entre os sexos, as fêmeas foram maiores que os machos. Eles foram produzidos nas células mais externas e elas nas mais internas. C. tarsata apresentou desenvolvimento direto, sem diapausa na fase de larva, passando o inverno como adulto. O tempo de desenvolvimento foi similar para fêmeas e machos. Seus inimigos naturais foram: Bombyliidae, Mesocheira bicolor, Coelioxys sp. e Meloidae.

Dinâmica populacional de Epicauta atomaria (Germar, 1821) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) e resistência de genótipos de maracujazeiro (Passiflora spp.)

pt