Increased frequency of pneumonia in dogs with meningioma in ventral rhombencephalon / Aumento da frequência de pneumonia em cães com meningioma em rombencéfalo ventral

Intracranial tumors occurring in specific brain regions, such as the cerebellopontine angle, may be associated with cranial nerve dysfunction and dysphagia in humans and animals. Although dysphagia is a known risk factor for pneumonia, only postoperative pneumonia has been investigated in veterinary medicine. This study aimed to describe the clinical and pathological features of dogs with untreated intracranial meningiomas and concomitant pneumonia. Data from post-mortem examination registries from 2011 to 2021 were used (n=23). The frequency of pneumonia and other characteristics were compared between dogs with meningiomas in the ventral rhombencephalon region (VR group; n=13) and those with meningiomas in other intracranial sites (OIS group; n=10). The frequency of pneumonia was higher in the VR group than in the OIS group (n=5 vs. n=0; P=0.039). Plaque-like lesions were also more common in the VR group than in the OIS group (P=0.012). Dogs with concomitant pneumonia had cerebellopontine angle (n=3) and basilar meningiomas (n=2), mainly plaque-like lesions extending to or from other brain areas. In dogs with concomitant pneumonia, meningiomas had invasive (n=5) and compressive (n=3) growth behaviors and nerve roots involved in the swallowing process were frequently affected. Microscopically, these meningiomas were classified as atypical (n=4) and meningiomas (n=1). The reported clinical signs included anorexia (n=3), adipsia (n=1), and dysphagia (n=1). Our findings suggest untreated dogs with ventral rhombencephalon meningiomas may develop cranial nerve damage and aspiration pneumonia.

Tumores intracranianos que ocorrem em regiões específicas do cérebro, como o ângulo ponto-cerebelar, podem estar associados à disfunção de nervos cranianos e disfagia em humanos e animais. Embora a disfagia seja um conhecido fator de risco para pneumonia, apenas a pneumonia pós-operatória tem sido investigada na medicina veterinária. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever as características clínicas e patológicas de cães com meningiomas intracranianos não tratados e pneumonia concomitante. Foram utilizados dados de registros de necropsias de 2011 a 2021. A frequência de pneumonia e outras características foram comparadas entre cães com meningiomas na região do rombencéfalo ventral (grupo VR; n=13) e aqueles com meningiomas em outros sítios intracranianos (grupo OIS; n=10). A frequência de pneumonia foi maior no grupo VR do que no grupo OIS (n=5 vs. n=0; P=0,039). Lesões tipo placa também foram mais comuns no grupo VR do que no grupo OIS (P=0,012). Cães com pneumonia concomitante apresentaram meningiomas no ângulo ponto-cerebelar (n=3) e região basilar (n=2), predominantemente lesões em forma de placa que se estendem de ou para outras áreas do cérebro. Em cães com pneumonia concomitante, os meningiomas apresentaram comportamentos de crescimento invasivo (n=5) e compressivo (n=3) e as raízes nervosas envolvidas no processo de deglutição foram frequentemente afetadas. Microscopicamente, esses meningiomas foram classificados como atípicos (n=4) e papilar (n=1). Os sinais clínicos relatados incluíram anorexia (n=3), adipsia (n=1) e disfagia (n=1). Nossos achados sugerem que cães com meningiomas no rombencéfalo ventral, não tratados, podem desenvolver lesão em nervos cranianos e pneumonia aspirativa.

Meningioma intracraniano em cão - tratamento com radioterapia / Intracranial meningioma in a dog - treatment with radiotherapy

Background: The most common primary brain neoplasm is meningioma. Dolichocephalic breeds are predisposed and there is no sexual predilection. Clinical signs depend on the location and size of the tumor and have a progressive course. Primary treatement includes surgery, radiotherapy or both. This study aimed to describe the treatment of a dog with suspected intracranial meningioma with definitive radiotherapy, which resulted in significant clinical improvement and prolonged survival. Case: A 9-year-old Shetland Shepherd bitch was diagnosed with a head tilt to the left side that progressed over a few weeks. She previously received corticosteroid therapy, which resulted a clinical improvement that worsened after treatment was discontinued. Computed tomography revealed an extra-axial brain mass in the caudal fossa, lateralized to the right, welldelimited, and measuring approximately 1.5 × 1.4 × 1.7 cm, suggestive of intracranial meningioma. The patient was treated with radiotherapy using Cobalt-60 equipment, with 18 daily fractions of 2.5 Gy at a total dose of 45 Gy using parallel and opposite technique fields. A new tomography performed 30 days after treatment showed a remission of 85% of the initial brain mass measuring approximately 0.9 × 1.0 × 0.5 cm, as well as complete resolution of the clinical signs initially presented. After 14 months, the patient presented with signs of lethargy and ataxia and was medicated with hydroxyurea at a dose of 50 mg/kg 3 times a week and corticosteroid therapy. However, the patient's neurological condition deteriorated, and she was subjected to reirradiation using the same protocol used previously, which resulted in clinical improvement and a 54% reduction in tumor volume on magnetic resonance. As a late side effect, only permanent alopecia in the irradiated region was observed. The patient died of disease 330 days after the second course of radiotherapy, with a total survival time of 1087 days. Discussion: Meningiomas are extra-axial neoplasms of the central nervous system that grow inside the dura mater. The literature shows that meningiomas are more common in dolichocephalic races with a mean age of 9 years, which supports our findings. Meningiomas most commonly affect the cortical thalamus and cerebellopontine region in dogs, which are normally associated with vestibular symptoms, as seen in this case. Diencephalic damage can result in vestibular signals since the thalamus functions as a relay station for vestibular afferent stimuli that are relayed to the cerebral cortex. In addition to the vestibular syndrome, common clinical signs associated with meningiomas in dogs include seizures, behavioral changes, and walking in circles, which are frequently misinterpreted due to tumor-induced side effects, such as cerebral edema, obstructive hydrocephalus, and cerebral hernia. Advanced imaging techniques should be used to diagnose intracranial neoplasms. In this case, computed tomography was critical for diagnosis and treatment planning. Meningioma treatment may comprise palliative measures, surgery, and radiotherapy. Radiotherapy as a single treatment can improve the quality of life with a decrease in clinical signs and a median survival time of approximately 250-536 days, as reported in the literature. Hydroxyurea can be a therapeutic option in inoperable cases and for patients with clinical limitations to undergo successive anesthesia during radiotherapy. Its most serious side effect is progressive myelosuppression. It can cause temporary partial tumor remission and improvement in clinical signs. As previously stated, radiotherapy can be an effective primary treatment option for treating intracranial meningiomas in dogs, with significant improvement in neurological clinical signs and mild side effects.

Frontal cystic meningioma removed by a partial transfrontal craniotomy in a cat

Background: Meningiomas are the most frequently reported intracranial tumors in cats. It is known to arise at the point of arachnoid cells project into the dural venous sinuses. Cats with intracranial meningiomas are treated by surgical management as the tumors are commonly delineated from normal brain tissue and are not likely to adhere to the cerebral parenchyma. Although meningioma is the most common intracranial tumor in cats, the incidence of cystic meningioma is low. The objective of the current study is to report a case of frontal meningioma with peritumoral cystic structure removed by a partial transfrontal craniotomy. Case: A 10-year-old castrated British shorthair cat was referred to the Baeksan Feline Medical Center with a recent onset of seizures. On the physical examination, the patient was bright and alert. Neurological examinations were unremarkable at the time of presentation. Hematologic examinations were within normal limits. Thoracic and abdominal radiography, and abdominal ultrasonography revealed unremarkable findings. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extra-axial mass cranial to the frontal lobe. On the sagittal plane, a cystic structure was identified in the frontal area on post-contrast T1W images. No contrast enhancement of the cystic wall was identified after intravenous injection of contrast medium on T1W. On the transverse plane of T2W images, midline shift to the left due to peritumoral edema was observed. The mass was removed via partial transfrontal craniotomy. Postoperative radiography was performed to ensure appropriate placement of the mesh. The patient recovered uneventfully after anesthesia. After the surgery, the patient was closely monitored in an intensive care unit between 24 and 48 h. Based on the histologic findings, the final diagnosis was a fibroblastic meningioma. Nineteen months after the surgery, there was no seizure activity identified by the owner. Discussion: Depending on the location of the cyst, meningiomas can be classified into 4 types according to the human literature. In types 1 and 2, the whole cyst is located within the tumor, resulting in contrast enhancement of the cystic wall. In types 3 and 4, the cysts are located outside the tumor, and no contrast enhancement of the cystic wall is observed. In type 3, the cyst lies adjacent to the brain parenchyma rather than adjacent to the tumor and the meningioma is related to a cerebrospinal fluid cyst bordered by the arachnoid. It is important to classify the type of cystic meningioma prior to surgery in order to decide whether to remove the cystic wall. In type 2, the cystic wall is infiltrated by tumor cells, while the cystic wall of type 3 meningioma is composed of gliotic tissue without any tumor cells. Therefore, in type 2, the meningiomas with cystic walls should be removed for the prevention of recurrence, while in type 3 meningioma, the tumor can be managed by cyst decompression and excision of the solid component. Based on the Nauta classification, the cystic meningioma reported here was considered to be type 3. Therefore, the surgical procedure aimed to remove the solid component of the mass, leaving the cystic wall attached to the normal brain. As the solid part of the meningioma was located beneath the internal plate of the left frontal bone, the partial transfrontal craniotomy was sufficient to expose and remove the entire mass. To the author's knowledge, this is first case report describing a patient with frontal meningioma with a peritumoral cyst removed by a partial transfrontal craniotomy based on the Nauta classification.(AU)

Spinal cord meningioma in a Boxer breed dog

Meningiomas are one of the most common primary tumors of the canine central nervous system. They usually grow within the cranial cavity but occasionally they are found in the spinal cord. A case of a Boxer breed with a spinal cord transitional meningioma is reported. Two years history presenting progressive neurological signs is described. The MRI examination revealed a focal, intradural extramedullary lesion within the right side of the spinal canal, compromising the C1and C2 vertebral segments. Cytoreductive surgery with a dorsolateral laminectomy approach was performed to decompressthe spinal cord and to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Histopathological studies diagnosed a grade I transitional meningioma. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis detected positive cells to vimentin (VIM), pan-cytokeratin (pCk),neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and doublecortin (DXC). Although apparently benign, positivity to pCK and DXC suggest a possible transition into a malignant tumor. Although variations in the behavior, histology and the immunoreactive profile of these tumors are reported, the latter constitutes a good indicator for the diagnosis of the patient.

Spinal cord meningioma in a Boxer breed dog

Meningiomas are one of the most common primary tumors of the canine central nervous system. They usually grow within the cranial cavity but occasionally they are found in the spinal cord. A case of a Boxer breed with a spinal cord transitional meningioma is reported. Two years history presenting progressive neurological signs is described. The MRI examination revealed a focal, intradural extramedullary lesion within the right side of the spinal canal, compromising the C1and C2 vertebral segments. Cytoreductive surgery with a dorsolateral laminectomy approach was performed to decompressthe spinal cord and to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Histopathological studies diagnosed a grade I transitional meningioma. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis detected positive cells to vimentin (VIM), pan-cytokeratin (pCk),neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and doublecortin (DXC). Although apparently benign, positivity to pCK and DXC suggest a possible transition into a malignant tumor. Although variations in the behavior, histology and the immunoreactive profile of these tumors are reported, the latter constitutes a good indicator for the diagnosis of the patient.(AU)

Meningioma microcístico com metástase pulmonar em canino: relato de caso / Microcystic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis in canine: case report

Meningiomas são os principais tumores primários do sistema nervoso central (SNC) que afetam cães e gatos. Na maioria dos casos, são neoplasias benignas, geralmente expansivas, causando compressão do SNC, e raramente fazem metástase para outros órgãos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a ocorrência de um meningioma microcístico com metástase pulmonar em um canino de 11 anos de idade, com sinais clínicos de andar cambaleante, compressão da cabeça contra objetos, agitação, salivação e agressividade. Na necropsia, foram observadas, no encéfalo, massas bem delimitadas pardo-avermelhadas, firmes, de aspecto granular, localizadas no córtex parietal e nos núcleos da base. Inúmeras micronodulações de aspecto semelhante foram observadas no pulmão. Histologicamente observaram-se nódulos formados por células neoplásicas fusiformes, com núcleos grandes e alongados e nucléolos evidentes, dispostas de forma frouxa, formando vacúolos e microcistos. À imuno-histoquímica, o meningioma apresentou marcação fortemente positiva para citoqueratina e negativa para vimentina. Por meio da histopatologia e da imuno-histoquímica, foi possível estabelecer a classificação histológica de meningioma microcístico, bem como diferenciá-lo de outras doenças que cursam com sinais nervosos.(AU)

Meningiomas are the main tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting dogs and cats. In most of the cases they are benign neoplasms, usually expansive, causing compression of the CNS and rarely metastasize to other organs. We describe the occurrence of a microcystic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis in an 11 - year - old canine with clinical signs of staggering gait, head compression against objects, agitation, salivation and aggressiveness. At necropsy, well-defined, firm, granular-looking masses located in the parietal cortex and nuclei of the base were observed in the encephalon. Numerous micronodulations of similar appearance were observed in the lung. Histologically, nodules formed by spindle neoplastic cells with large, elongated nuclei and evident nuclei were loosely arranged, forming vacuoles and microcysts. Immunohistochemistry were strongly positive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin. Through the histopathology and immunohistochemistry, it was possible to establish the histological classification of microcystic meningioma, as well as to differentiate from other diseases that present with nervous signals.(AU)

Meningioma microcístico com metástase pulmonar em canino: relato de caso / Microcystic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis in canine: case report

Meningiomas são os principais tumores primários do sistema nervoso central (SNC) que afetam cães e gatos. Na maioria dos casos, são neoplasias benignas, geralmente expansivas, causando compressão do SNC, e raramente fazem metástase para outros órgãos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a ocorrência de um meningioma microcístico com metástase pulmonar em um canino de 11 anos de idade, com sinais clínicos de andar cambaleante, compressão da cabeça contra objetos, agitação, salivação e agressividade. Na necropsia, foram observadas, no encéfalo, massas bem delimitadas pardo-avermelhadas, firmes, de aspecto granular, localizadas no córtex parietal e nos núcleos da base. Inúmeras micronodulações de aspecto semelhante foram observadas no pulmão. Histologicamente observaram-se nódulos formados por células neoplásicas fusiformes, com núcleos grandes e alongados e nucléolos evidentes, dispostas de forma frouxa, formando vacúolos e microcistos. À imuno-histoquímica, o meningioma apresentou marcação fortemente positiva para citoqueratina e negativa para vimentina. Por meio da histopatologia e da imuno-histoquímica, foi possível estabelecer a classificação histológica de meningioma microcístico, bem como diferenciá-lo de outras doenças que cursam com sinais nervosos.(AU)

Meningiomas are the main tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting dogs and cats. In most of the cases they are benign neoplasms, usually expansive, causing compression of the CNS and rarely metastasize to other organs. We describe the occurrence of a microcystic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis in an 11 - year - old canine with clinical signs of staggering gait, head compression against objects, agitation, salivation and aggressiveness. At necropsy, well-defined, firm, granular-looking masses located in the parietal cortex and nuclei of the base were observed in the encephalon. Numerous micronodulations of similar appearance were observed in the lung. Histologically, nodules formed by spindle neoplastic cells with large, elongated nuclei and evident nuclei were loosely arranged, forming vacuoles and microcysts. Immunohistochemistry were strongly positive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin. Through the histopathology and immunohistochemistry, it was possible to establish the histological classification of microcystic meningioma, as well as to differentiate from other diseases that present with nervous signals.(AU)

Laminotomia dorsal do áxis para excisão de meningioma em cão / Axis dorsal laminotomy for excision of a meningioma in a dog

Background: Surgical access to the spinal cord at the level of C2 vertebra presents technical limitations, due to anatomical particularities in this region. The ventral slot technique does not allow space for the removal of dorsolateral masses. The axis hemilaminectomy technique provides limited access to the dorsal aspect of spinal cord and there is a risk of damaging the vertebral arteries. The axis dorsal laminotomy technique allows good access to spinal cord and preserves the atlantoaxial and nuchal ligaments, however few papers describe this technique. The objective of this paper is to report the axis dorsal laminotomy performed in a dog with a meningioma at this level. Case: An 11-year-old male, Maltese dog, was presented with a 15-day history of progressive weakness, intense cervical pain and difficulty in locomotion of the four limbs. He was being treated with painkillers without improvement. On clinical examination, the physiological parameters were normal. Neurological examination showed tetraparesis with the syndrome localized in the cranial cervical region. The main differential diagnoses were intervertebral disc disease, neoplasia, inflammatory or infectious disease. Computed tomography was performed and the evaluation of images allowed the visualization of an intradural-extramedullary neoplastic process, promoting important spinal compression, with approximate dimensions of the lesion 0.70 cm high x 0.67 cm wide x 0.78 cm long, with apparent involvement of the meninges, with a more lateralized location on the left, with meningioma being the main differential diagnosis. Thus, exploratory surgery, through the technique of dorsal laminotomy of the axis was performed. After the removal of the mass, the spinous process was repositioned in its anatomical location and fixed with 0.6 mm steel cerclage wire that was passed through the holes made in the dorsal lamina of the...

Laminotomia dorsal do áxis para excisão de meningioma em cão / Axis dorsal laminotomy for excision of a meningioma in a dog

Background: Surgical access to the spinal cord at the level of C2 vertebra presents technical limitations, due to anatomical particularities in this region. The ventral slot technique does not allow space for the removal of dorsolateral masses. The axis hemilaminectomy technique provides limited access to the dorsal aspect of spinal cord and there is a risk of damaging the vertebral arteries. The axis dorsal laminotomy technique allows good access to spinal cord and preserves the atlantoaxial and nuchal ligaments, however few papers describe this technique. The objective of this paper is to report the axis dorsal laminotomy performed in a dog with a meningioma at this level. Case: An 11-year-old male, Maltese dog, was presented with a 15-day history of progressive weakness, intense cervical pain and difficulty in locomotion of the four limbs. He was being treated with painkillers without improvement. On clinical examination, the physiological parameters were normal. Neurological examination showed tetraparesis with the syndrome localized in the cranial cervical region. The main differential diagnoses were intervertebral disc disease, neoplasia, inflammatory or infectious disease. Computed tomography was performed and the evaluation of images allowed the visualization of an intradural-extramedullary neoplastic process, promoting important spinal compression, with approximate dimensions of the lesion 0.70 cm high x 0.67 cm wide x 0.78 cm long, with apparent involvement of the meninges, with a more lateralized location on the left, with meningioma being the main differential diagnosis. Thus, exploratory surgery, through the technique of dorsal laminotomy of the axis was performed. After the removal of the mass, the spinous process was repositioned in its anatomical location and fixed with 0.6 mm steel cerclage wire that was passed through the holes made in the dorsal lamina of the...(AU)

A rare retrobulbar and chiasmal meningioma in a dog / Meningioma raro retrobulbar e de quiasma óptico em cão

A 14-year-old female Dachshund was referred to a veterinary hospital with a history and signalment of head pressing, compulsive walking, and right circling. At ophthalmologic examination, a mature cataract and absence of photomotor reflex in the right eye were observed. The neurological exam revealed multifocal encephalic signs. At necropsy, a conical solid tan mass was observed involving the right optic nerve throughout its extension to the optic chiasm. Histopathological findings confirmed a retrobulbar papillary meningioma, considered rare and seldom included as differential diagnosis in patients with neurological signs.(AU)

Uma fêmea Dachshund de 14 anos de idade foi encaminhada para um hospital veterinário universitário com histórico e manifestação de head pressing, andar compulsivo e em círculos para o lado direito. No exame oftalmológico foi diagnosticado catarata matura bilateral e ausência de reflexo fotomotor pupilar no olho direito. O exame neurológico revelou sinais encefálicos multifocais. Na necropsia, uma massa sólida cônica, branco-amarelada, foi observada envolvendo o nervo óptico em toda a sua extensão até o quiasma óptico. O exame histopatológico confirmou diagnóstico de meningioma papilar retrobulbar, considerado raro e pouco incluído no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes com sinais neurológicos.(AU)

Cholesteatoma and hydrocephalus associated to a third ventricle meningioma in a cat / Colesteatoma e hidrocefalia associados a meningioma em terceiro ventrículo em um gato

Meningiomas are neoplasms that commonly involve the central nervous system of cats, while cholesteatomas are nodular granulomatous chronic lesions within the choroid plexus that are rarely reported in cats. This study described a case of cholesteatoma and non-communicating hydrocephalus associated to a third ventricle meningioma in a cat. Clinically, the cat had a 2-year history of behavioral changes, photophobia and motor incoordination. At the necropsy, a tan-brown mass totally occluded the third ventricle, causing a severe dilation of the lateral ventricles (non-communicating hydrocephalus). Microscopically, the mass was composed by a neoplastic proliferation of spindle cells arranged in bundles, containing in the center psammomatous bodies (meningioma), while in the adjacent areas a cholesteatoma was observed, which was characterized by multiple cholesterol cleft formation, hemosiderosis and associated granulomatous inflammation. At immunohistochemistry (IHC), neoplastic cells had a marked immunostaining for vimentin, while were negative for cytokeratin and S100. The diagnosis of transitional meningioma occurring in association to cholesteatoma and non-communicating hydrocephalus in a cat was obtained mainly by the histological and IHC features. These are important methods to distinguish this condition from other neurological disorders in cats.(AU)

Meningiomas são neoplasias que comumente envolvem o sistema nervoso central de gatos, enquanto colesteatomas são formações nodulares granulomatosas raramente descritas nessa espécie e que resultam de lesões crônicas em plexo coroide. O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever um caso de meningioma em terceiro ventrículo culminando com a formação de colesteatoma e hidrocefalia não comunicante em um gato. Clinicamente, o gato apresentava alteração de comportamento, fotofobia e incoordenação motora durante dois anos. À necropsia apresentava uma massa acastanhada no terceiro ventrículo que provocava oclusão total do mesmo e acentuada dilatação de ventrículos laterais (hidrocefalia não comunicante). Microscopicamente, havia proliferação neoplásica de células fusiformes arranjadas em feixes com a formação de corpos psamomatosos (meningioma), e em área adjacente havia múltiplas fendas de colesterol e hemossiderose com infiltrado granulomatoso (colesteatoma). À imuno-histoquímica (IHQ), foi observada marcação positiva para vimentina e negativa para citoqueratina e S100 nas células neoplásicas. Os exames histológicos e de IHQ contribuíram para a confirmação do diagnóstico de meningioma transicional associado à formação de colesteatoma e hidrocefalia não comunicante, e são métodos importantes para diferenciar de outras afecções que cursam com quadro clínico neurológico em felinos.(AU)

Graduação histológica e aspectos clínico-patológicos relacionados em 22 meningiomas de cães / Histological grading and related clinical and pathological aspects of 22 canine meningioma

Vinte e dois casos de meningiomas em cães, diagnosticados num período de aproximadamente 18 anos, foram revisados. Os neoplasmas foram graduados e classificados histologicamente de acordo com os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS de 2007) para meningiomas em humanos adaptados para cães, em Grau I (G-I; benignos), Grau II (G-II; atípicos) e Grau III (G-III; anaplásico ou maligno). Dos protocolos de necropsias foram retiradas adicionalmente informações referentes ao sexo, idade, raça, evolução clínica, sinais clínicos, localização anatômica e achados macroscópicos. Os meningiomas intracranianos supratentoriais foram os mais frequentes em relação às demais localizações intracranianas ou intraespinhais. Os intracranianos caracterizaram-se principalmente por sinais clínicos de alteração tálamo-cortical. Os intraespinhais caracterizaram-se principalmente por causarem ataxia. Meningiomas G-I foram os mais frequentes (63,6%) nos 22 cães, seguidos pelos G-III (22,7%) e G-II (13,6%). Os G-I caracterizaram-se por ter o subtipo psammomatoso como o mais frequente, mais de um padrão morfológico em um mesmo tumor, e um terço deles apresentando áreas de invasão do tecido nervoso, 71,4% dos casos acometendo fêmeas, uma média de idade de 11 anos, cães com raça definida como os mais acometidos e por ter o maior tempo de sobrevivência após a manifestação dos sinais clínicos. Os meningiomas G-II caracterizaram-se por ter o subtipo cordoide como o mais frequente, invasão do tecido nervoso em um terço dos casos, somente fêmeas acometidas, uma média de idade de 12 anos, dois terços dos cães acometidos sem raça definida e o tempo máximo de sobrevivência de 20 dias. Os meningiomas G-III caracterizaram-se por ter o subtipo papilar como o mais frequente, invasão do tecido nervoso em 80% dos casos, 60% dos casos acometendo fêmeas, uma média de idade de 8 anos, 80% dos cães acometidos da raça Boxer e o tempo máximo de sobrevivência de 90 dias. Este estudo permitiu estabelecer uma relação entre os três graus histológicos observados em 22 casos de meningiomas em cães com vários parâmetros clínico-epidemiológicos e patológicos, fornecendo informações úteis para um melhor conhecimento da correlação entre a graduação histológica e a evolução clínica desses neoplasmas.(AU)

Twenty two cases of meningiomas in dogs, diagnosed in about 18 years, were analyzed. The neoplasms were histologicaly classified and graded according to the World and Health Organization (WHO of 2007) for human meningiomas, adapted for dogs, in Grade I (G-I; benign), Grade II (G-II; atypical), and Grade III (G-III; anaplastic or malignant). Additional data about gender, age, breed, skull conformation, clinical course and signs, anatomic localization, gross and histological findings were obtained from the necropsy reports. Intracranial and supratentorial meningiomas were the most frequent in relation to the other intracranial or intraspinal sites. The intracranial ones were characterized mainly by clinical signs of thalamic-cortical alteration. Intraspinal ones were mainly characterized by ataxia. G-I meningiomas were the most frequent (63.6%) in dogs, followed by G-III (22.7%) and G-II (13.6%). GI were characterized by having the psammomatous subtype as the most frequent, more than one morphological pattern in the same tumor, one third presenting areas of invasion of nervous tissue, 71.4% of cases involving females, a mean age of 11 years, pure breed dogs as the most affected ones and for having the longest survival time after the manifestation of clinical signs. G-II meningiomas were characterized by having the chordoid subtype as the most frequent, invasion of nervous tissue in one third of cases, only females affected, a mean age of 12 years, two-thirds of the dogs affected were mongrels and the maximum survival time of 20 days. The G-III meningiomas were characterized by having the papillary subtype as the most frequent, invasion of the nervous tissue in 80% of the cases, 60% of the cases involving females, a mean age of 8 years, 80% of dogs affected were Boxers and the maximum survival time of 90 days. In conclusion, this study allowed to establish a relationship between the three histological grades observed in 22 cases of meningiomas in dogs with various clinical-epidemiological and pathological parameters, providing useful information for a better understanding of the correlation between the histological grading and the clinical evolution of these neoplasms.(AU)

Graduação histológica e aspectos clínico-patológicos relacionados em 22 meningiomas de cães / Histological grading and related clinical and pathological aspects of 22 canine meningioma

Vinte e dois casos de meningiomas em cães, diagnosticados num período de aproximadamente 18 anos, foram revisados. Os neoplasmas foram graduados e classificados histologicamente de acordo com os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS de 2007) para meningiomas em humanos adaptados para cães, em Grau I (G-I; benignos), Grau II (G-II; atípicos) e Grau III (G-III; anaplásico ou maligno). Dos protocolos de necropsias foram retiradas adicionalmente informações referentes ao sexo, idade, raça, evolução clínica, sinais clínicos, localização anatômica e achados macroscópicos. Os meningiomas intracranianos supratentoriais foram os mais frequentes em relação às demais localizações intracranianas ou intraespinhais. Os intracranianos caracterizaram-se principalmente por sinais clínicos de alteração tálamo-cortical. Os intraespinhais caracterizaram-se principalmente por causarem ataxia. Meningiomas G-I foram os mais frequentes (63,6%) nos 22 cães, seguidos pelos G-III (22,7%) e G-II (13,6%). Os G-I caracterizaram-se por ter o subtipo psammomatoso como o mais frequente, mais de um padrão morfológico em um mesmo tumor, e um terço deles apresentando áreas de invasão do tecido nervoso, 71,4% dos casos acometendo fêmeas, uma média de idade de 11 anos, cães com raça definida como os mais acometidos e por ter o maior tempo de sobrevivência após a manifestação dos sinais clínicos. Os meningiomas G-II caracterizaram-se por ter o subtipo cordoide como o mais frequente, invasão do tecido nervoso em um terço dos casos, somente fêmeas acometidas, uma média de idade de 12 anos, dois terços dos cães acometidos sem raça definida e o tempo máximo de sobrevivência de 20 dias. Os meningiomas G-III caracterizaram-se por ter o subtipo papilar como o mais frequente, invasão do tecido nervoso em 80% dos casos, 60% dos casos acometendo fêmeas, uma média de idade de 8 anos, 80% dos cães acometidos da raça Boxer e o tempo máximo de sobrevivência de 90 dias...(AU)

Twenty two cases of meningiomas in dogs, diagnosed in about 18 years, were analyzed. The neoplasms were histologicaly classified and graded according to the World and Health Organization (WHO of 2007) for human meningiomas, adapted for dogs, in Grade I (G-I; benign), Grade II (G-II; atypical), and Grade III (G-III; anaplastic or malignant). Additional data about gender, age, breed, skull conformation, clinical course and signs, anatomic localization, gross and histological findings were obtained from the necropsy reports. Intracranial and supratentorial meningiomas were the most frequent in relation to the other intracranial or intraspinal sites. The intracranial ones were characterized mainly by clinical signs of thalamic-cortical alteration. Intraspinal ones were mainly characterized by ataxia. G-I meningiomas were the most frequent (63.6%) in dogs, followed by G-III (22.7%) and G-II (13.6%). GI were characterized by having the psammomatous subtype as the most frequent, more than one morphological pattern in the same tumor, one third presenting areas of invasion of nervous tissue, 71.4% of cases involving females, a mean age of 11 years, pure breed dogs as the most affected ones and for having the longest survival time after the manifestation of clinical signs. G-II meningiomas were characterized by having the chordoid subtype as the most frequent, invasion of nervous tissue in one third of cases, only females affected, a mean age of 12 years, two-thirds of the dogs affected were mongrels and the maximum survival time of 20 days. The G-III meningiomas were characterized by having the papillary subtype as the most frequent, invasion of the nervous tissue in 80% of the cases, 60% of the cases involving females, a mean age of 8 years, 80% of dogs affected were Boxers and the maximum survival time of 90 days. In conclusion, this study allowed to establish a relationship between the three histological grades observed in 22 cases of meningiomas in dogs...(AU)

Spinal cord anaplastic meningioma with extra-neural metastasis in a cat / Meningioma anaplásico medular com metástases extra-neurais em um felino

Meningiomas are the most frequent neoplasms involving the brain in dogs and cats, and are occasionally observed in the spinal cord. They cause compression of the central nervous system; however, do not infiltrate the neuropile and rarely metastasize to other organs. The present study describes a case of anaplastic spinal meningioma with extra neural metastasis in a 20 years-old cat. Clinically, the feline presented a clinical history of 120 days with paresis of the hind limbs and loss of the tails movements, with subsequent death. At necropsy, there was an irregular and soft whitish mass involving the meninges from the lumbar intumescence to the sacral region of the spinal cord. Similar white nodular masses were observed in the lungs, liver and kidneys. Microscopically, both were composed of a poorly limited and infiltrative neoplastic proliferation composed by spindle, round and epithelioid cells, with a high cellular pleomorphism. On IHC, there was a severe immunostaining for vimentin and S100. Histopathologic and IHC analysis are important tools for definitive diagnosis of meningiomas in cats, and differentiation of other common neurologic disorders in these animals.(AU)

Meningiomas são neoplasias frequentes no encéfalo de cães e gatos e ocasionalmente observadas em medula espinhal. Causam, geralmente, compressão do sistema nervoso central, todavia não infiltram o neurópilo e raramente fazem metástases a outros órgãos. Este trabalho descreve um caso de meningioma anaplásico espinhal com metástases extra-neurais em um felino de 20 anos de idade. Clinicamente, o felino apresentou um quadro de paresia dos membros pélvicos e perda dos movimentos da cauda com evolução de 120 dias, vindo a óbito. À necropsia, apresentava massa irregular, macia e brancacenta envolvendo as meninges da intumescência lombar à região sacral da medula espinhal. Áreas nodulares esbranquiçadas similares foram observadas nos pulmões, fígado e rins. Histologicamente, ambas consistiam em proliferação neoplásica não delimitada e infiltrativa de células fusiformes, arredondadas a epitelioides, com um alto pleomorfismo celular. À IHQ, exibiam acentuada marcação para vimentina e S100. As análises histopatológica e IHQ são importantes ferramentas para obter-se o diagnóstico definitivo de meningiomas em felinos, e permitem diferenciar a condição de outras afecções neurológicas comuns nesses animais.(AU)

Neoplasias encefálicas em 40 cães: aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos e patológicos

ABSTRACT: A retrospective study including dogs with brain neoplasms was conducted at the Service of Neurology (SN) of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, from 2006 to 2015, with the objective to identify and characterize breed, sex, age, neurological signs, the location, the clinical evolution, the type and origin of the tumor and the findings of complementary examinations and necropsy. Of the 40 dogs with brain tumors included in this study 67.5% were classified as primary origin. Mixed breed dogs and Boxers were the most affected. The main clinical signs observed included seizures, behavioral changes and walk in circle. The thalamus-cortex region was the most affected. Regarding the type of the tumor, the meningioma (32.5%) and oligodendroglioma (12.5%) were the most common. The evolution of the clinical signs varied from four to 210 days (mean 44 days).

RESUMO: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de cães atendidos no Serviço de Neurologia (SN) do Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), de 2006 a 2015, com o objetivo de identificar cães com neoplasias encefálicas e obter informações a respeito da raça, do sexo, da idade, dos sinais neurológicos, da localização, da evolução clínica, do tipo e origem do tumor e dos achados de exames complementares e de necropsia. Dos 40 cães com neoplasias encefálicas incluídos neste estudo, 67,5% foram classificadas como de origem primária. Cães sem raça definida e Boxers foram os mais acometidos. Os principais sinais clínicos observados incluíram crise epiléptica, alteração de comportamento e andar em círculo. A região tálamo-cortical foi a mais afetada. Quanto ao tipo do tumor, o meningioma (32,5%) e o oligodendroglioma (12,5%) foram os mais encontrados. A evolução dos sinais clínicos variou entre quatro e 210 dias (média de 44 dias).

Graduação histológica e aspectos clínico-patológicos relacionados em 22 meningiomas de cães

ABSTRACT: Twenty two cases of meningiomas in dogs, diagnosed in about 18 years, were analyzed. The neoplasms were histologicaly classified and graded according to the World and Health Organization (WHO of 2007) for human meningiomas, adapted for dogs, in Grade I (G-I; benign), Grade II (G-II; atypical), and Grade III (G-III; anaplastic or malignant). Additional data about gender, age, breed, skull conformation, clinical course and signs, anatomic localization, gross and histological findings were obtained from the necropsy reports. Intracranial and supratentorial meningiomas were the most frequent in relation to the other intracranial or intraspinal sites. The intracranial ones were characterized mainly by clinical signs of thalamic-cortical alteration. Intraspinal ones were mainly characterized by ataxia. G-I meningiomas were the most frequent (63.6%) in dogs, followed by G-III (22.7%) and G-II (13.6%). GI were characterized by having the psammomatous subtype as the most frequent, more than one morphological pattern in the same tumor, one third presenting areas of invasion of nervous tissue, 71.4% of cases involving females, a mean age of 11 years, pure breed dogs as the most affected ones and for having the longest survival time after the manifestation of clinical signs. G-II meningiomas were characterized by having the chordoid subtype as the most frequent, invasion of nervous tissue in one third of cases, only females affected, a mean age of 12 years, two-thirds of the dogs affected were mongrels and the maximum survival time of 20 days. The G-III meningiomas were characterized by having the papillary subtype as the most frequent, invasion of the nervous tissue in 80% of the cases, 60% of the cases involving females, a mean age of 8 years, 80% of dogs affected were Boxers and the maximum survival time of 90 days. In conclusion, this study allowed to establish a relationship between the three histological grades observed in 22 cases of meningiomas in dogs with various clinical-epidemiological and pathological parameters, providing useful information for a better understanding of the correlation between the histological grading and the clinical evolution of these neoplasms.

RESUMO: Vinte e dois casos de meningiomas em cães, diagnosticados num período de aproximadamente 18 anos, foram revisados. Os neoplasmas foram graduados e classificados histologicamente de acordo com os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS de 2007) para meningiomas em humanos adaptados para cães, em Grau I (G-I; benignos), Grau II (G-II; atípicos) e Grau III (G-III; anaplásico ou maligno). Dos protocolos de necropsias foram retiradas adicionalmente informações referentes ao sexo, idade, raça, evolução clínica, sinais clínicos, localização anatômica e achados macroscópicos. Os meningiomas intracranianos supratentoriais foram os mais frequentes em relação às demais localizações intracranianas ou intraespinhais. Os intracranianos caracterizaram-se principalmente por sinais clínicos de alteração tálamo-cortical. Os intraespinhais caracterizaram-se principalmente por causarem ataxia. Meningiomas G-I foram os mais frequentes (63,6%) nos 22 cães, seguidos pelos G-III (22,7%) e G-II (13,6%). Os G-I caracterizaram-se por ter o subtipo psammomatoso como o mais frequente, mais de um padrão morfológico em um mesmo tumor, e um terço deles apresentando áreas de invasão do tecido nervoso, 71,4% dos casos acometendo fêmeas, uma média de idade de 11 anos, cães com raça definida como os mais acometidos e por ter o maior tempo de sobrevivência após a manifestação dos sinais clínicos. Os meningiomas G-II caracterizaram-se por ter o subtipo cordoide como o mais frequente, invasão do tecido nervoso em um terço dos casos, somente fêmeas acometidas, uma média de idade de 12 anos, dois terços dos cães acometidos sem raça definida e o tempo máximo de sobrevivência de 20 dias. Os meningiomas G-III caracterizaram-se por ter o subtipo papilar como o mais frequente, invasão do tecido nervoso em 80% dos casos, 60% dos casos acometendo fêmeas, uma média de idade de 8 anos, 80% dos cães acometidos da raça Boxer e o tempo máximo de sobrevivência de 90 dias. Este estudo permitiu estabelecer uma relação entre os três graus histológicos observados em 22 casos de meningiomas em cães com vários parâmetros clínico-epidemiológicos e patológicos, fornecendo informações úteis para um melhor conhecimento da correlação entre a graduação histológica e a evolução clínica desses neoplasmas.

Neoplasias encefálicas em 40 cães: aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos e patológicos / Brain neoplasms in 40 dogs: clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de cães atendidos no Serviço de Neurologia (SN) do Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), de 2006 a 2015, com o objetivo de identificar cães com neoplasias encefálicas e obter informações a respeito da raça, do sexo, da idade, dos sinais neurológicos, da localização, da evolução clínica, do tipo e origem do tumor e dos achados de exames complementares e de necropsia. Dos 40 cães com neoplasias encefálicas incluídos neste estudo, 67,5% foram classificadas como de origem primária. Cães sem raça definida e Boxers foram os mais acometidos. Os principais sinais clínicos observados incluíram crise epiléptica, alteração de comportamento e andar em círculo. A região tálamo-cortical foi a mais afetada. Quanto ao tipo do tumor, o meningioma (32,5%) e o oligodendroglioma (12,5%) foram os mais encontrados. A evolução dos sinais clínicos variou entre quatro e 210 dias (média de 44 dias).(AU)

A retrospective study including dogs with brain neoplasms was conducted at the Service of Neurology (SN) of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, from 2006 to 2015, with the objective to identify and characterize breed, sex, age, neurological signs, the location, the clinical evolution, the type and origin of the tumor and the findings of complementary examinations and necropsy. Of the 40 dogs with brain tumors included in this study 67.5% were classified as primary origin. Mixed breed dogs and Boxers were the most affected. The main clinical signs observed included seizures, behavioral changes and walk in circle. The thalamus-cortex region was the most affected. Regarding the type of the tumor, the meningioma (32.5%) and oligodendroglioma (12.5%) were the most common. The evolution of the clinical signs varied from four to 210 days (mean 44 days).(AU)

Neoplasias encefálicas em 40 cães: aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos e patológicos / Brain neoplasms in 40 dogs: clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de cães atendidos no Serviço de Neurologia (SN) do Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), de 2006 a 2015, com o objetivo de identificar cães com neoplasias encefálicas e obter informações a respeito da raça, do sexo, da idade, dos sinais neurológicos, da localização, da evolução clínica, do tipo e origem do tumor e dos achados de exames complementares e de necropsia. Dos 40 cães com neoplasias encefálicas incluídos neste estudo, 67,5% foram classificadas como de origem primária. Cães sem raça definida e Boxers foram os mais acometidos. Os principais sinais clínicos observados incluíram crise epiléptica, alteração de comportamento e andar em círculo. A região tálamo-cortical foi a mais afetada. Quanto ao tipo do tumor, o meningioma (32,5%) e o oligodendroglioma (12,5%) foram os mais encontrados. A evolução dos sinais clínicos variou entre quatro e 210 dias (média de 44 dias).(AU)

A retrospective study including dogs with brain neoplasms was conducted at the Service of Neurology (SN) of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, from 2006 to 2015, with the objective to identify and characterize breed, sex, age, neurological signs, the location, the clinical evolution, the type and origin of the tumor and the findings of complementary examinations and necropsy. Of the 40 dogs with brain tumors included in this study 67.5% were classified as primary origin. Mixed breed dogs and Boxers were the most affected. The main clinical signs observed included seizures, behavioral changes and walk in circle. The thalamus-cortex region was the most affected. Regarding the type of the tumor, the meningioma (32.5%) and oligodendroglioma (12.5%) were the most common. The evolution of the clinical signs varied from four to 210 days (mean 44 days).(AU)

Intracranial transitional meningioma in a cat / Meningioma transicional intracraniano em gato

Background: Meningioma is a tumor that is usually attached to the dura mater. It typically arises from the meningothelial cell of the arachnoid or pia mater. Considered an extra-axial tumor of the central nervous system which can occur on any region of the meninges. The biological behavior tends to be benign and usually is not infiltrative allowing surgical indication, conferring to the patient a better prognosis. Geriatric patients are the most affected and there is no breed predisposition. This paper describes the clinical signs, pathological findings, and immunohistochemical features of a case of transitional meningioma in a cat. Case: A 14-year-old, neutered male mongrel cat was referred to the Veterinary Clinic Hospital. The history was that the cat had anorexia and disorientation. On the day of admission, lethargy and blindness were observed. Full complete blood counts showed leukopenia and lymphopenia. The serum biochemistry tests were unspecific. Thoracic and skull radiographs and ultrasound examination revealed no abnormalities. The cat was hospitalized and the main treatment was based on antibiotics and corticosteroids. The cat tested negative for FIV and FeLV. Toxoplasma gondii serum antibodies were not detected using indirect fluorescent antibody test performed with a commercial kit. The clinical signs progressed to walking in circles, stumbling, wandering [...](AU)

Intracranial transitional meningioma in a cat / Meningioma transicional intracraniano em gato

Background: Meningioma is a tumor that is usually attached to the dura mater. It typically arises from the meningothelial cell of the arachnoid or pia mater. Considered an extra-axial tumor of the central nervous system which can occur on any region of the meninges. The biological behavior tends to be benign and usually is not infiltrative allowing surgical indication, conferring to the patient a better prognosis. Geriatric patients are the most affected and there is no breed predisposition. This paper describes the clinical signs, pathological findings, and immunohistochemical features of a case of transitional meningioma in a cat. Case: A 14-year-old, neutered male mongrel cat was referred to the Veterinary Clinic Hospital. The history was that the cat had anorexia and disorientation. On the day of admission, lethargy and blindness were observed. Full complete blood counts showed leukopenia and lymphopenia. The serum biochemistry tests were unspecific. Thoracic and skull radiographs and ultrasound examination revealed no abnormalities. The cat was hospitalized and the main treatment was based on antibiotics and corticosteroids. The cat tested negative for FIV and FeLV. Toxoplasma gondii serum antibodies were not detected using indirect fluorescent antibody test performed with a commercial kit. The clinical signs progressed to walking in circles, stumbling, wandering [...]