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1.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 51(supl.1): Pub. 861, 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1434606

Resumo

Background: Primary lung neoplasms are uncommon in veterinary medicine, and when they develop, they are more frequently observed to be of epithelial origin. Although chondrosarcomas are the second most diagnosed type of neoplasm in dogs at skeletal sites, their development in extraskeletal tissues, including the spleen, aorta, heart, tongue, peritoneum, and lungs, corresponds to approximately only 1% of cases. Therefore, the occurrence of primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma is considered very rare in domestic animals. Considering the rare occurrence and scarcity of data regarding its development, the present report describes the clinical and pathological aspects of a case of primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma in a bitch. Case: A 8-year-old mixed-breed bitch, weighing 14.2 kg, was examined at one private veterinary clinic with the principal complaint of prolonged respiratory distress and resistance to exercise. Clinical evaluation revealed tachypnea with expiratory dyspnea due to intense pleural effusion, tachycardia, and diffusely pale mucous membranes. Thoracocentesis was performed with drainage of 1000 mL of modified transudate, and fluid cytology, blood count, and chest radiography were performed. Cytological analysis of the thoracic fluid did not identify neoplastic cells, the blood count showed intense regenerative anemia, and the radiograph showed an extensive area of consolidation in the left caudal lung lobe, compatible with neoplasia. The results of the tests performed, in addition to the evolution of the clinical picture and the impossibility of performing the indicated surgical intervention, culminated in the patient's unfavorable prognosis, followed by euthanasia, necropsy, and histopathological evaluation of the collected material. Necropsy revealed a white neoplastic formation with reddish areas and firm consistency that diffused into the parenchyma of the left caudal lung lobe with invasion of the rib cage, fracture of the fifth and sixth left ribs, diaphragmatic metastasis, intense hydrothorax, and moderate hydroperitoneum. Microscopically, in the histological sections of the lung and diaphragm, poorly differentiated mesenchymal cells with moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and interspersed with them, moderately differentiated chondrocytes surrounded by chondroid matrix, moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, and a low mitotic index culminated in the diagnosis of primary pulmonary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Discussion: Malignant epithelial neoplasms were suspected; however, the histopathological features observed were compatible with primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma. The characteristics of the fluid collected through thoracentesis led to its classification as a modified transudate, which is often associated with neoplastic and hemorrhagic processes; both alterations were present in this case. The diagnosis of primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma was established based on the histopathological findings since the cell type and distribution observed in the present case were compatible with the typical pattern observed in extraskeletal chondrosarcomas. An unfavorable prognosis is common in cases of primary or metastatic lung neoplasm since, in most cases, the condition is identified in the advanced stages of the disease, making therapeutic management challenging. Given the increase in the number of dog deaths due to neoplasms in recent years, this case report may contribute to a better understanding of the biological behavior of pulmonary chondrosarcoma and assist in the choice of treatment to be adopted when required.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Condrossarcoma Mesenquimal/veterinária , Neoplasias Pulmonares/veterinária , Sistema Respiratório/patologia
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 43: e07186, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1448808

Resumo

ABSTRACT: Canine mammary neoplasms with malignant mesenchymal components, such as carcinosarcomas and sarcomas, belong to an uncommon and histologically heterogeneous group. Little is known about the biological behavior of these histogenic variants. This study aimed to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and the COX-2 immunohistochemical expression of different histologic subtypes of carcinosarcomas and sarcomas. Samples of 23 carcinosarcomas and 15 sarcomas from the mammary glands of female dogs were studied. Medical records were reviewed to obtain clinical data. Subsequently, histology microscope slides were analyzed to assess for mesenchymal subtypes, necrosis, vascular invasion, histologic grades, and lymph node metastasis. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the COX-2 expression. The malignant mesenchymal proliferation was categorized into osteosarcomas (23/40), fibrosarcomas (5/40), liposarcomas (6/40) and chondrosarcomas (4/40). The osteosarcomatous differentiation was the most predominant type among the sarcomas and carcinosarcomas and was associated with vascular invasion (P=0.010) and lymph node metastases (P=0.014). High COX-2 expression was detected in 14.3% of the carcinosarcomas (carcinoma and/or sarcoma cells) and 27.3% of the sarcomas. The carcinosarcomas and sarcomas had similar clinical and pathological characteristics and developed as large tumors, with intratumoral necrosis and a predominance of high histologic grades, although the frequency of vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis was low. Osteosarcoma subtypes presented more aggressive characteristics than non-osteosarcoma subtypes.


RESUMO: Neoplasias mamárias caninas com componentes mesenquimais malignos, como carcinossarcomas e sarcomas, são um grupo de neoplasias pouco frequentes e histologicamente heterogêneas e pouco se sabe sobre o comportamento biológico das variantes histogênicas. O objetivo desse estudo é comparar as características anatomopatológicas e a expressão imunoistoquímica de COX-2 de diferentes subtipos histológicos de carcinossarcomas e sarcomas. Foram estudados 23 carcinosarcomas e 17 sarcomas da glândula mamária de cadelas. Os prontuários médicos foram revisados para obtenção de dados clínicos. Posteriormente, as lâminas histológicas foram avaliadas para acessar os subtipos mesenquimais, necrose, invasão vascular, grau histológico, metástase linfonodal. A imunoistoquímica foi realizada para avaliar a expressão de COX-2. Os tipos encontrados de proliferação mesenquimal maligna foram osteossarcoma (23/40), fibrossarcoma (7/40), lipossarcoma (6/40) e condrossarcoma (4/40). A diferenciação osteossarcomatosa foi predominante entre os sarcomas e carcinossarcomas e foi associado com invasão vascular (P=0,006) e metástase linfonodal (P=0,014). Uma expressão alta de COX-2 foi detectada em 14,3% dos carcinossarcomas (células carcinomatosas e/ou sarcomatosas) e 27,3% dos sarcomas. Os carcinossarcomas e sarcomas apresentaram características clínicas e patológicas semelhantes e se desenvolveram como tumores grandes, com necrose intratumoral e predomínio de alto grau histológico, mas com baixa frequência de invasão vascular e metástase distante. Os subtipos osteossarcomatosos apresentaram características mais agressivas quando comparados com subtipos não osteossarcomatosos.

3.
Braz. j. vet. pathol ; 16(2): 89-95, 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1509560

Resumo

The most significant interest in veterinary oncology is occupied by tumors of a mixed nature, which are represented by the direct interaction of epithelial and mesenchymal components. According to some data, the formation of cell lineage of mesenchymal cells occurs due to the transformation of epidermal basket cells surrounding the glandular epithelium. In this case, the formation of a cartilage anlage with its further transformation into differentiated bone tissue occurs. The article contains information about the structure and features of the location and interaction of mixed tumors' glandular and stromal components in female dogs (n=29). It was revealed that in addition to simple mixed neoplasms, tumors with proplasia of the mesenchymal component into highly differentiated cartilage or bone tissue were also often registered. To confirm subcellular changes in the expression of certain types of proteins, such as a-SMA and vimentin, an IHC study was used. The expression of the studied biomarkers was established in mesenchymal fibroblastic differon cells and myoepithelial cells. The intensity of immunoreactive material expression ranged from moderate (2+) to strong (3+), indicating changes in myoepithelial cells' genotype during the formation of mixed mammary neoplasms.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/diagnóstico , Mioepitelioma/veterinária , Vimentina/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Cães
4.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 51(supl.1): Pub. 852, 2023. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1418139

Resumo

Background: A cutaneous or superficial myxoma is a benign neoplasm of dermal or subcutaneous fibroblast origin. Although rare, it has been previously described in several species, including poultry. It presents as a single node or soft mass with a gelatinous cut surface. Histopathological analysis is essential for diagnosis and to differentiate it from other mesenchymal neoplasms and inflammatory or degenerative processes. Microscopically, it consists of dermal or subcutaneous lobules of plump, stellate, or spindle-shaped, bland-looking cells embedded in a basophilic myxoid matrix. This report describes the pathological findings in a rare case of cutaneous myxoma in a 42-day-old broiler flock. Cases: During ante mortem inspection of a 42-day-old broiler flock at a slaughterhouse under the authority of the Federal Inspection Service (southern Brazil), nodular lesions or encrusted areas with yellow and black areas were observed in the head skin of less than 1% of animals. These lesions, approximately 0.5 cm in diameter, were observed on the comb, in the periocular skin region, and close to the animals' nostrils. During the breeding period, no health or epidemiological events were observed. Fragments of the lesions in the comb and periocular skin were collected and fixed in buffered 10% formalin. The samples were sent to the laboratory, routinely processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue. Microscopically, the lesions consisted of irregular multifocal proliferation of connective tissue showing spindle cells with poorly demarcated borders and scarce cytoplasm in a slightly basophilic myxoid aspect matrix. The adjacent epidermis is compressed due to neoplastic proliferation. No areas of epithelial hyperplasia or inclusion bodies were observed. According to the pathologic description and considering its descriptive epidemiology, our main clinical suspicion was cutaneous fowl pox, a pathology characterized by the appearance of nodules in regions devoid of feathers. However, the microscopic changes observed were compatible with those described for cutaneous myxomas. In addition, the extracellular matrix was positive for Alcian Blue staining, which is an indicator of myxoma. In the present case, the SIF did not report the same macroscopic lesions in other flocks of the same origin. Discussion: Connective tissue tumors, including myxomas, occur considerably less frequently under field conditions. In addition, these neoplasms are more frequent in mature birds and are not usually described in broilers, as observed in this report. The cutaneous myxoma described in broilers is usually a sporadic neoplasm that does not cause zootechnical losses, as observed in the case report. Its etiology is unknown and has been associated with various factors, such as local trauma and foreign bodies. Some fragments of plant material from the breeding environment were microscopically detected in the encrusted areas, which may indicate previous trauma or a foreign body. Myxoma has been associated with avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup A, but SIF did not report the same macroscopic lesions in other flocks of the same breeder hen's origin in the present case. Furthermore, sporadic connective tissue tumors associated with the virus occur in mature chickens but not in broilers. Myxoma lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other connective tissue tumors and infectious agents that cause lesions in the skin and subcutaneous tissue.


Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/lesões , Mixoma/veterinária , Abate de Animais , Neoplasias de Tecido Conjuntivo/veterinária
5.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 51(supl.1): Pub. 869, 2023. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1434744

Resumo

Background: In the literature, there are a few descriptions of epididymis neoplasia in domestic animals, especially considering primary tumors. In the few reports found in literature, the lesions were a consequence of the invasion of testicular or paratesticular neoplasia, as a papillar carcinoma in a dog's and a bull's epididymis, and mesenchymal tumors - fibrome/ fibrosarcoma, leiomyoma/leiosarcome. On the other hand, mast cell tumors are the second most prevalent neoplasia in dogs in Brazil, affecting especially the skin. The aim of this report is to describe for the first time a low malignancy mast cell tumor in a mixed-breed dog's epididymis, without metastasis or recurrence in a 2-year follow-up period. Case: A 10-year-old male mixed-breed dog was presented for pre-surgical evaluation for elective orchiectomy. In the physical examination, an increase in the volume of approximately 2 cm with an irregular appearance was identified on palpation in the cranial pole of the left testis. In the trans surgical period, an increase in testicular volume (4 cm long x 2 cm wide) was observed, with a firm consistency in the region of the vas deferens with macroscopic changes in the region. The testis was sectioned, and the fragments were sent for histopathological evaluation in 10% buffered formaldehyde. There was a fairly cellular circumscribed neoplastic infiltrate, distributed in a sheet and separated by fibrovascular stroma, and rounded neoplastic cells with a moderate amount of basophilic cytoplasmic granulation, and discrete anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. The nuclei were rounded with vesicular chromatin with 1 or 2 distinct nucleoli. No mitosis figures were observed in 10 high power fields (400x). Few eosinophils were distributed throughout the neoplastic cell population. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated immunostaining for KIT protein with perimembranous staining in 95% of neoplastic mast cells, giving a KIT 1 pattern. There was no positive nuclear staining for Ki67 in any cell of the histological sections examined. A grade II mast cell tumor (low grade of malignancy) was diagnosed. After diagnosis, the animal underwent radiographic evaluation of the chest and abdominal ultrasound, and a new physical inspection in search of nodules, plaques, skin lesions, or subcutaneous masses. There were no metastases in the thorax and abdominal cavity, nor physical alterations, and it can be inferred that the epididymis was the primary site of the mast cell tumor. After 2 years of orchiectomy, there were no recurrences, and no chemotherapy treatment was performed. Discussion: Extracutaneous mast cell tumors are uncommon in animals, but have been reported in oral and nasal mucosa, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, intestine, visceral lymph nodes, spleen, liver, spinal cord, intestine, ureter, conjunctiva, lung and more recently in tear gland of the third eyelid. However, in the authors' assessment, this is the first description of mast cell tumor in the epididymis in dogs. The diagnosis was established by histopathological examination, which revealed a grade II epididymal mast cell tumor and immunohistochemical evaluation (KIT and Ki-67) as being of low aggressiveness. The diagnosis of a primary tumor was confirmed since the staging was established after the histopathological diagnosis, involving chest radiography, abdominal ultrasound, cutaneous evaluation in search of nodules, plaques, cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, and did not reveal other abnormalities or metastases not identified in the preoperative evaluation. In addition, immunostaining with KIT and Ki-67 reaffirmed the low degree of malignancy and the potential for metastases, which can be observed by the asymptomatic follow-up of the patient 2 years after the surgical excision.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Mastocitoma/veterinária , Epididimo/patologia , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/veterinária , Metástase Neoplásica , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária
6.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 51(supl.1): Pub. 845, 2023. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1415341

Resumo

Background: Hepatic tumors of primary origin account for 0.6% to 2.9% of cases in canine species, less common than hepatic metastases. The hepatic tumors are divided into hepatocellular tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, bile duct tumors or cholangiocarcinomas, and mesenchymal tumors. Cholangiocarcinomas, are classified according to their origin, being intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or gallbladder type. Cholangiocarcinomas are considered rare in dogs and cats with a ratio of 29% to 71% compared to hepatocellular carcinomas, accounting for 9% of the hepatic tumors. The present study aims to describe a case of cholangiocarcinoma in a bitch, focusing on the diagnostic approach. Case: A 10-year-old castrated bitch Poodle was attended presenting hypoglycemia and seizure crisis. The patient had previous exams of hemogram and serum biochemical profile, showing a discrete increase of the hepatic enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), besides hypoglycemia. Previous ultrasound exam revealed the presence of a hepatic mass located between the right and square lobes, immeasurable, and significant splenomegaly. Abdominal palpation revealed the presence of immeasurable abdominal formation of undetermined origin. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT), glycemic curve, and insulin dosage were requested. Tomography exam showed an increase in hepatic volume with the presence of a heterogeneous formation in the right lateral lobe topography; increase in spleen dimensions and the presence of multiple nodules; and the presence of a nodule in the right lung, at the caudal thoracic region. The glycemic curve showed acute variations, and insulin dosage was between normal values. The animal was referred for surgery, as in abdominocentesis, it was observed the presence of hemorrhagic fluid, confirming active bleeding by ultrasonography. The owners chose for euthanasia. In the post-mortem evaluation the main lesion was confirmed of hepatic origin, with a massive, irregular, cavitary presentation, involving multiple hepatic lobes, and a single nodule was observed in the right caudal lobe of the right lung. Histopathological evaluation was considered inconclusive. Immunohistochemistry was performed and the association of the immunohistochemical profile with the morphological characteristics indicated diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Discussion: The related symptomatology, in hepatic neoplasms, is generally considered non-specific, with reports of lethargy, vomiting, dyspnea, anorexia and weight loss, however, the dog in this study presented a unique manifestation of hypoglycemia and one episode of convulsive crisis resulting from it. The clinical manifestation observed was extremely unspecific making initial diagnosis difficult. The ultrasonographic examination was effective in evidencing the abdominal mass. In addition, abdominal CT was also performed, which confirmed the hepatic origin, detailing the macroscopic aspect. Biochemical analyses of ALT and AST showed a discrete increase. Biochemical changes may occur in dogs with hepatic neoplasms, although they are not specific. Functional pancreatic beta-cell tumors producing insulin are the most common cause of paraneoplastic hypoglycemia, although in the case the insulin dosage was within normal limits. In cases of nonislet cell tumor the mechanism is frequently associated with the production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF). In most cases the definitive diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma can be obtained by histopathological examination, although in the present report the result obtained was inconclusive, requiring an immunohistochemical examination. Due to the aggressive and metastatic character of this neoplastic type, early detection becomes extremely important in order to maximize therapeutic chances, however, diagnosis may be difficult.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Ductos Biliares/patologia , Carcinoma/veterinária , Colangiocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária
7.
Braz. j. vet. pathol ; 16(1): 54-59, mar. 2023. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1425378

Resumo

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is uncommon malignant neoplasia of round cells with marked predilection in Rottweiler and Bernese Mountain. The disseminated form, which mainly affects the spleen, lungs, lymph nodes, bone marrow, skin, and subcutis, presents a quick and aggressive clinical behavior. Hemangiosarcoma (HAS) is a malignant neoplasm of endothelial vessel cells commonly reported to affect the right atrium of dogs' hearts. A male Rottweiler, five years old, presented flaccid paraplegia and progressive muscular atrophy in the temporal, masseter, and limbs muscles; Due to the clinical stage of the animal, euthanasia was conducted. During the necroscopic examination, it was noticed that several masses presented different sizes; some were whitish, and others were reddish and spread in multiple organs (lungs, heart, spleen, stomach, kidneys, brain, medulla, skeletal muscle, and pre-scapular lymph node). Microscopically, in some organs such as the stomach, right ventricle, lungs, and medulla, it was noticed a proliferation of myeloid cells, highly cellular, with poor demarcation, no encapsulation, and with the infiltrative growth pattern of cells with high pleomorphism. Numerous tumoral emboli were observed in the spleen, brain, skeletal muscle, and lymph node. These cells were submitted for immunohistochemistry and were positive for CD18 (HS antibody). In the right atrium, liver, and kidney it was observed malignant and infiltrative endothelial proliferation (HSA) and emboli in the medulla. Therefore, we conclude that both neoplasms (HS and HSA) cause the animal's paraplegia due to their embolism and metastasis to the spinal cord and skeletal muscle.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Doenças do Cão , Sarcoma Histiocítico/veterinária , Hemangiossarcoma/diagnóstico , Cães
8.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 50(supl.1): Pub. 811, 2022. ilus
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1401420

Resumo

Background: Fibroepithelial polyps are benign tumors of mesenchymal and ectodermal origin. Regarding the localization related to the cutaneous region, they may affect the eyelid and periocular area. In veterinary medicine, polyps located in the urethra of dogs and monkeys, vagina of bitches and on the skin have been described. Fibroepithelial polyps may present as single to multiple nodules, exophytic to pedunculated, usually arising on a smooth surface of a common base. The aim of this paper is to describe the ocular and histopathological changes of a corneal fibroepithelial polyp of recurrent character in a dog. Case: A 20-year-old Lhasa Apso dog, with a history of progressive corneal neoformation in the right eye for 4 months. Patient was submitted to routine ophthalmic evaluation. At biomicroscopy, a discrete mucopurulent discharge was observed in the nasal corner, a nodule in the lower eyelid (± 3 mm), moderate conjunctival hyperemia, vascularization and corneal edema between 12 and 5 h, presence of a pinkish proliferative mass in 3 h, affecting the anterior stroma and opacity of the lens, Schirmer's Tear Test (STT) 20 mm/min and intraocular pressure (IOP) 10 mm/Hg. In the left eye, the STT and IOP were within normal range (17 mm/min and 11 mg/Hg, respectively) and at biomicroscopy only lens opacity was observed. Given the presence of the neoformation in the cornea, the patient underwent lamellar keratectomy to excise the mass and third eyelid flap. The tissue was then submitted to histopathology. The histopathological examination showed a proliferation of fibrous component with areas presenting reactive fibroblasts, with acidophilic cytoplasm and with little volume and slight neovascularization, presence of hyperplasia of the lining epithelium and cells with round to oval nuclei, with inconspicuous nucleoli, compatible with fibroepithelial polyp, without evidence of malignancy. After 18 months, the patient presented recurrence of the condition with a history of slow evolution (about ten months). The ophthalmic evaluation showed lesions very similar to the initial one, describing a recurrence of the lesion. Discussion: Corneal neoplasms are uncommon in dogs. The clinical findings in patients with ocular neoplasms include irregular to nodular masses, gray to reddish in color, and typically associated with a vascular supply. These features are related to the type of tumor and its degree of evolution. There are reports in the literature of ocular neoplasms such as squamous cell carcinoma, papilloma, melanocytoma, fibrosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, melanoma, lymphoma. Related to fibroepithelial polyp with ocular involvement, there are rare reports in human literature and none in veterinary medicine. There is a human description of the presence of a polyp affecting the cornea associated with a corneal dermoid and e other cases of polyps of conjunctival origin. As far as treatment is concerned, the polyp should be surgically removed because of the possibility of recurrence, tissue metaplasia, or even transformation into a malignant tumor, as seen in the case reported here, in which even with surgical removal there was recurrence and metaplasia of the cells. Based on the histopathological findings, it can be concluded that this is a fibroepithelial polyp with a recidivating characteristic, not well described in the veterinary literature, with an atypical presentation affecting the cornea.


Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Neoplasias Fibroepiteliais/veterinária , Doenças da Córnea/veterinária , Neoplasias Oculares/veterinária
9.
Acta Vet. Brasilica ; 16(3): 220-226, ago. 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1392714

Resumo

It is estimated that a quarter of all feline neoplasms affect the integumentary system. Cytological examination is of admirable importance for detection of neoplasms in companion animals, being considered a simple and non-invasive method. To date, there are limited information regarding the prevalence of feline skin cancer as well as the use of cytopathology as a diagnostic tool. In this sense, the study aimed to characterize cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors in 192 cats from the archives of a private clinic in São Paulo-SP, Brazil, specialized in the care of felines. Data regarding the animal (breed definition, sex, and age group) and tumor characteristics (biological behavior, cytomorphological category of neoplasm, and cytological suggestion for neoplasm) were obtained in a five-year period. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated to verify the statistical difference between the animal and tumor characteristics. The chi-square test was carried out to verify the association between the tumor biological behavior and animal variables, as well as other tumor characteristics. Most cats were mixed breed and aged 11 to 15 years. Malignant tumors were predominant. A statistical association was observed between cytomorphological category of neoplasm and biological behavior (p<0.001). Mesenchymal (24.5%) and epithelial tumors (25%) presented the highest frequency among those benign and malignant, respectively. The cytological suggestion for neoplasm was also statistically associated with biological behavior (p<0.001). The highest percentage of occurrence of benign and malignant tumors consisted of lipomas (22.9%) and sarcomas (19.3%), respectively.(AU)


Estima-se que um quarto de todas as neoplasias felinas afetam o sistema tegumentar. O exame citológico é impor-tante para detecção de neoplasias em animais de companhia, sendo considerado um método simples e não invasivo. Até o momento, há informações limitadas sobre a prevalência das neoplasias cutâneas felinas, bem como o uso da citopatologia como ferramenta diagnóstica. Nesse sentido, o estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar neoplasias cutâneas e subcutâneas em 192 gatos do arquivo de uma clínica veterinária privada da cidade de São Paulo-SP, Brasil, especializada no atendimento de feli-nos. Dados referentes ao animal (raça, sexo e faixa etária) e características das neoplasias (comportamento biológico, categoria citomorfológica e sugestão citológica) foram obtidos em um período de cinco anos. Foi estimado um intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% para verificar a diferença estatística entre as características do animal e da neoplasia. O teste do qui-quadrado foi realizado para verificar a associação entre o comportamento biológico da neoplasia e as variáveis dos animais, além de outras características neoplásicas. A maioria dos gatos era sem definição racial e com idade entre 11 e 15 anos. As neoplasias malignas foram predominantes. Foi observada associação estatística entre a categoria citomorfológica e o comportamento biológico da neoplasia (p<0,001). Neoplasias mesenquimais (24,5%) e epiteliais (25%) apresentaram a maior frequência entre os benignos e malignos, respectivamente. A sugestão citológica para neoplasia também foi estatisticamente associada ao comportamento biológico (p<0,001). O maior percentual de ocorrência de tumores benignos e malignos consistiu em lipomas (22,9%) e sar-comas (19,3%), respectivamente.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Gatos , Brasil , Estudos Retrospectivos , Técnicas Citológicas/veterinária
10.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 50(supl.1): Pub. 821, 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1401580

Resumo

Background: Hemangioma is a benign dermal or subcutaneous endothelial cell tumor composed of vascular spaces of varying sizes filled with erythrocytes and lined with a single layer of uniform endothelial cells. Although the pathogenesis is not well defined, these tumors are considered to result from an imbalance in angiogenesis, leading to uncontrolled proliferation of vascular elements. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of congenital cutaneous hemangioma in sheep. This report describes the clinical, laboratory, and pathological findings of a case of congenital hemangioma affecting a newborn lamb. Case: A 5-day-old crossbred (Dorper x Santa Inês) lamb presenting with an ear nodule that expanded in the right ear was necropsied. An expansive subcutaneous nodule was observed macroscopically; it occupied approximately 90% of the right ear and had a crusty, irregular surface. The cut surface had multiple cavitations delimited by firm fibrous tissue and a light yellow-to-translucent content. Microscopically, it showed focally extensive subcutaneous neoplastic proliferation and moderate cellularity; it was formed of vascular beds of varied sizes and supported by moderate fibrocollagenous stroma. Suppurative inflammation was observed in the neoplastic vascular beds with large amounts of free basophilic coccoid bacteria inside macrophages. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Strong cytoplasmic labeling was observed in neoplastic endothelial cells for CD31 and factor VIII. The Ki67 proliferation marker was positive in approximately 5% of neoplastic cells. The cells did not express smooth muscle actin (1A4) or pan-cytokeratin (AE1AE3). Histological characteristics and immunohistochemistry findings were consistent with those of congenital cutaneous hemangioma, a rare neoplasm in sheep. Discussion: The association of clinical, anatomopathological, and immunohistochemical data enabled the diagnosis of congenital cutaneous hemangioma in the 5-day-old lamb. Reports of vascular tumors in sheep are not frequent in literature and usually involve adult animals with no anatomical site predilection. In sheep, the occurrence of nasotracheal hemangioma in a 2-year-old ewe and gingival hemangioma in a 5-year-old sheep have already been described. A cutaneous extra-neural hemangioblastoma was diagnosed in the ear of a 1-month-old lamb. IHC was also used to confirm the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma. Macroscopically, hemangiomas can present as well-delimited and encapsulated masses that when cut, show a reticulated pattern similar to honeycombs that separate the blood-filled cavities. The present case showed a similar conformation but without enough erythrocytes to result in a bloody appearance. Tumor drainage and the predominance of blood serum in the content possibly made it macroscopically translucent. Microscopically, the hemangioma was classified as cavernous. This morphological variation forms large channels separated by fibrous connective tissue stroma, which may contain inflammatory cells. IHC confirmed the endothelial lining of the cystic cavities and was crucial in excluding differential diagnoses. Thus, factor VIII-related antigen was used as a marker for normal and neoplastic cells, as well as for tumoral and reactive neovascularization, in which neoplastic cells were immuno-expressed for CD31 and Factor VIII. In domestic animals, the association between CD31 and Factor VIII is considered more specific for vascular endothelial cells, differentiating them from cells of lymphatic origin. Congenital cutaneous hemangioma occurs in sheep, and its diagnosis and differentiation can be based on histopathology associated with conventional immunohistochemical panels for vascular neoformation.


Assuntos
Animais , Neoplasias Cutâneas/veterinária , Ovinos , Hemangioma/veterinária , Neoplasias da Orelha/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Animais Recém-Nascidos
11.
Ciênc. Anim. (Impr.) ; 32(4): 149-158, out.-dez. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1434904

Resumo

A pele é um órgão complexo constituído por diferentes tipos celulares e possui exposição direta ao meio ambiente, representando uma barreira física do organismo. Devido a tais fatores pode ocorrer o aparecimento de diversos tipos tumorais. Além disso, a pele possui alta capacidade de renovação celular, o que aumenta as chances de mutações em comparação com outros tecidos, o que a torna um lugar favorável para o desenvolvimento de neoplasias. É comum ocorrer nos animais domésticos o desenvolvimento de neoplasias cutâneas, sendo que sua prevalência depende de fatores como genética, idade, raça, relação hormonal, nutrição, entre outros. O tricoblastoma é uma neoplasia benigna cutânea comum em cães e gatos adultos, animais com idade entre seis e nove anos são os mais acometidos, e não existe predisposição em machos e fêmeas. É derivado do folículo piloso primitivo e possui componentes epiteliais e mesenquimais. O tricoblastoma não é considerado agressivo, porém, existem relatos na literatura com características de neoplasia maligna. O tratamento de eleição do tricoblastoma é a exérese cirúrgica total do mesmo, com margens de segurança entre 1 e 2cm. O presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar o caso de um animal atendido no Centro Médico Veterinário do Centro Universitário do Sul de Minas, o qual foi diagnosticado com tricoblastoma.


The skin is a complex organ composed of different cell types and has direct exposure to the environment, representing an organism's physical barrier. Due to such factors, the appearance of several tumor types may occur. In addition, the skin has a high capacity to perform cell renewal, which increases the chances of mutations compared to other tissues, turning it a favorable place for the development of neoplasms. The development of skin neoplasms in domestic animals is a common fact, and their prevalence depends on factors such as genetics, age, race, hormonal relationship, nutrition, among others. Trichoblastoma is a benign cutaneous neoplasm common in adult dogs and cats, animals aged between six and nine years are the most affected, and there is no predisposition in males and females. It is derived from the primitive hair follicle and has epithelial and mesenchymal components. Trichoblastoma is not considered aggressive; however, there are reports in the literature with characteristics of malignant neoplasm. The treatment of choice for trichoblastoma is the total surgical excision, with safety margins between 1 and 2cm. The present study aims to report the case of an animal treated at the Veterinary Medical Center of the University Center of Southern Minas Gerais, which was diagnosed with trichoblastoma.


Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Dermatopatias/veterinária , Neoplasias Cutâneas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão , Animais Domésticos
12.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 50(supl.1): Pub. 828, 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1401673

Resumo

Background: Fibrosarcomas are malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin and can have different symptoms depending on the species, age, location and etiopathogenesis. Intestinal tumors in domestic cats are common and the small intestine is the most common site; however, fibrosarcomas are rare in the intestine of all animal species. This work reports intestinal fibrosarcoma in 2 domestic cats and aims to clarify and present information concerning this neoplastic type in the gastrointestinal tract of this species. Cases: We report 2 cases of intestinal fibrosarcoma in domestic felines (Felis catus). Cat 1. A 14-year-old female Persian breed, domestic cat, was taken to the Feline Sector of the Veterinary Hospital of Small Animals (HVPA) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). The main complaint was chronic constipation and rectal prolapse. The clinical examination revealed an ulcerated mass, measuring 4.0 cm x 1.7 cm. Cat 2. A 10-year-old female undefined breed, domestic cat, was taken to the private clinic. The main complaint was diarrhea with bloody and rectal prolapse. The clinical examination revealed nodule measuring 2.5 cm in diameter. The surgical option decided upon was to use the rectal pull-through technique in both animals. The patients had no trans-surgical or postoperative complications. The material collected during the surgical interventions was analyzed macroscopically and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 h and then sent to the Histopathology Laboratory of the Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP) at UFRRJ for the cat 1 and in private laboratory for the cat 2. After fixation, it was cleaved for routine microscope exam using Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) stains and for the histochemical method of Masson's Trichrome staining technique. Complementary immunohistochemistry tests and electron microscopy were also performed. The patients were followed up clinically, showing complete remission of the clinical signs and survival for approximately 1 year after the neoplastic resection. Discussion: There are few reports of intestinal fibrosarcomas in veterinary medicine, therefore, little is known about racial predilection, age, sex or biological behavior. As far as these authors know, this is the 6th and 7th report of this neoplasm with a primary site in the large intestine in this species. The morphological diagnosis of fibrosarcoma is relatively simple, whereas, in some cases the differential diagnosis for tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath, leiomyosarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) can be extremely difficult. The immunohistochemistry technique in these cases may not be particularly useful. The fibrosarcoma diagnosis was also confirmed by electron microscopy since no evidence was found that could lead to a neuronal origin, thus excluding tumors such as neurofibrosarcoma and schawnoma, corroborating the immunohistochemical examination. The surgical management of tumor resection with wide safety margins (minimum 2 cm) remains the "gold standard" therapy for dealing with fibrosarcomas since they have a low response rate to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and the use of these therapies as an adjuvant is controversial. The advantages of this technique are related to the surgical time, simplicity, easy access and reduction in the risk of abdominal contamination. Histopathological, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy evaluations were sufficient to enable the diagnosis of an intestinal fibrosarcoma in both cats. The occurrence of this neoplasm with intestinal involvement in the feline species is rare; therefore, this description is important as it provides information about epidemiology, associated signs, differential diagnoses, biological behavior, treatment and prognosis.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gatos , Fibrossarcoma/veterinária , Margens de Excisão , Neoplasias Intestinais/veterinária , Intestinos/cirurgia , Mesoderma/patologia
13.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1487697

Resumo

ABSTRACT: It is reported the occurrence of enzootic hematuria (EH) in buffaloes in Brazil after performing an epidemiological survey and clinicopathological analises. To date, EH caused by ingestion of Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum, a radiomimetic plant popularly known as bracken fern, has not been described in this species in Brazil. Bovine EH is responsible for high economic losses in Brazils Southeast Region not only because of the deaths it causes, but also owing to its negative effect on productivity. In São José do Barreiro County, São Paulo, some farmers in areas with a high incidence of bovine EH have been replacing cattle with buffaloes, based on the premise that the latter would be more resistant to poisoning by ingestion of Pteridium spp. However, even though initial observations indicated that buffaloes are indeed less sensitive than cattle to the toxic principle of Pteridium spp., cases of hematuria in this species have been reported. According to preliminary date, EH only occurs in buffaloes over six years of age. Macroscopic examination revealed a thickened urinary vesicle mucosa, along with multiple foci of ulcerated, exophytic, verrucous, and pedunculated lesions. In one of the buffaloes studied, the bladder wall was ruptured and exhibited marked secondary inflammation. Histologically, neoplastic and non-neoplastic changes similar to those described in cattle poisoned by Pteridium spp. were observed. The neoplasms found included papilloma, carcinoma in situ, urothelial carcinoma (low and high grade), inverted, microcystic, and trabecular variants, urothelial carcinoma with divergent differentiation (squamous and glandular), squamous cell carcinoma, lymphangioma, hemangioma, and hemangiosarcoma. There was also coexistence of epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms. Bovine papillomavirus particles were not detected by polymerase chain reaction in the bladder samples analyzed.


RESUMO: Descreve-se, através de levantamento epidemiológico e avaliação clínico-patológica, a ocorrência de hematúria enzoótica (HE) em búfalos no Brasil. Essa condição, causada pela ingestão da planta radiomimética Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum, conhecida popularmente como samambaia ou samambaia do campo, até então não havia sido descrita nessa espécie no Brasil. Na Região Sudeste, a HE bovina é responsável por elevadas perdas econômicas, devidas não apenas aos óbitos, mas também em função da queda de produtividade. No município de São José do Barreiro/SP, alguns produtores de áreas com alta incidência de HE bovina, vêm substituindo os bovinos por búfalos, com base na premissa de que estes seriam mais resistentes à intoxicação. Embora, de acordo com observações iniciais, os búfalos realmente sejam menos sensíveis que os bovinos ao princípio tóxico de Pteridium spp., ainda assim, tem-se verificado a ocorrência de casos de hematúria nessa espécie. De acordo com o levantamento inicial, a HE só ocorre em búfalos com idade a partir de seis anos. Ao exame macroscópico, verificou-se a mucosa da bexiga espessa, com múltiplos focos de lesões ulceradas, exofíticas, papiliformes, verrucosas, pedunculadas. Histologicamente, foram observadas alterações neoplásicas e não neoplásicas semelhantes às descritas nos bovinos com HE. Entre as neoplasias foram encontrados papiloma, carcinoma in situ, carcinoma urotelial (baixo e alto grau), variantes invertida, microcística e trabecular, carcinoma urotelial com diferenciação divergente (escamosa e glandular), carcinoma de células escamosas, linfangioma, hemangioma e hemangiossarcoma. Ocorreu também coexistência entre neoplasias epiteliais e mesenquimais. Não foram detectadas partículas de papilomavírus bovino pelo teste PCR nas amostras de bexiga analisadas.

14.
Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR (Online) ; 25(2): e8895, jul-dez. 2022. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1399615

Resumo

O hemangiossarcoma é uma neoplasia mesenquimal maligna agressiva com elevada taxa de morbidade e de mortalidade em cães e gatos; que se desenvolve mais frequentemente em baço, fígado, coração, ossos além de poder manifestar metástases regionais. O presente relato tem por objetivo descrever um caso de um canino diagnosticado com hemangiossarcoma hepático em lobo caudado submetido a uma lobectomia total. A técnica cirúrgica consistiu na utilização da sutura de guilhotina modificada na base do lobo acometido utilizando fio de polidioxanona e, com o auxílio de um bisturi elétrico unipolar, e respeitando o distanciamento de 0,5 cm da sutura, foi realizada a lobectomia. Após a remoção do lobo, foi fixada uma esponja hemostática de colágeno na região da incisão como forma de auxílio no controle hemorrágico. Foi indicado também a realização de tratamento quimioterápico adjuvante, entretanto o tutor do animal optou pela não realização da mesma. Ainda assim, o paciente do presente relato obteve uma boa resposta ao procedimento, e o tutor ficou muito satisfeito, relatando que houve uma grande melhora na qualidade de vida do animal e que ele não sentia mais dor, voltando a ter o seu comportamento habitual.(AU)


Hemangiosarcoma is an aggressive malignant mesenchymal neoplasm with a high rate of morbidity and mortality in dogs and cats; which develops more frequently in the spleen, liver, heart, bones, in addition to being able to manifest regional metastases. The present report aims to describe a case of a canine diagnosed with hepatic hemangiosarcoma in the caudate lobe submitted to a total lobectomy. The surgical technique consisted of using a modified guillotine suture at the base of the affected lobe using polydioxanone thread and, with the aid of a unipolar electric scalpel, and respecting the distance of 0.5 cm from the suture, lobectomy was performed. After removing the lobe, a hemostatic collagen sponge was fixed in the region of the incision as an aid in hemorrhagic control. Adjuvant chemotherapy treatment was also indicated, however the animal's tutor chose not to perform it. Even so, the patient in the present report had a good response to the procedure, and the tutor was very satisfied, reporting that there was a great improvement in the animal's quality of life and that he no longer felt pain, returning to his usual behavior.(AU)


El hemangiosarcoma es una neoplasia mesenquimatosa maligna agresiva con una alta tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad en perros y gatos; la cual se desarrolla con mayor frecuencia en bazo, hígado, corazón, huesos, además de poder manifestar metástasis regionales. El presente reporte tiene como objetivo describir un caso de un canino con diagnóstico de hemangiosarcoma hepático en el lóbulo caudado sometido a una lobectomía total. La técnica quirúrgica consistió en utilizar una sutura de guillotina modificada en la base del lóbulo afectado con hilo de polidioxanona y, con la ayuda de un bisturí eléctrico unipolar, y respetando la distancia de 0,5 cm de la sutura, se realizó la lobectomía. Después de retirar el lóbulo, se fijó una esponja hemostática de colágeno en la región de la incisión como ayuda para el control hemorrágico. También se indicó tratamiento de quimioterapia adyuvante, sin embargo el tutor del animal optó por no realizarlo. Aun así, el paciente del presente reporte tuvo una buena respuesta al procedimiento, y el tutor quedó muy satisfecho, informando que hubo una gran mejoría en la calidad de vida del animal y que ya no sintió dolor, volviendo a su comportamiento habitual.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Lobectomia Temporal Anterior/métodos , Hemangiossarcoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Bem-Estar do Animal , Fígado/cirurgia
15.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 42: e06875, 2022. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1365242

Resumo

It is reported the occurrence of enzootic hematuria (EH) in buffaloes in Brazil after performing an epidemiological survey and clinicopathological analises. To date, EH caused by ingestion of Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum, a radiomimetic plant popularly known as "bracken fern", has not been described in this species in Brazil. Bovine EH is responsible for high economic losses in Brazil's Southeast Region not only because of the deaths it causes, but also owing to its negative effect on productivity. In São José do Barreiro County, São Paulo, some farmers in areas with a high incidence of bovine EH have been replacing cattle with buffaloes, based on the premise that the latter would be more resistant to poisoning by ingestion of Pteridium spp. However, even though initial observations indicated that buffaloes are indeed less sensitive than cattle to the toxic principle of Pteridium spp., cases of hematuria in this species have been reported. According to preliminary date, EH only occurs in buffaloes over six years of age. Macroscopic examination revealed a thickened urinary vesicle mucosa, along with multiple foci of ulcerated, exophytic, verrucous, and pedunculated lesions. In one of the buffaloes studied, the bladder wall was ruptured and exhibited marked secondary inflammation. Histologically, neoplastic and non-neoplastic changes similar to those described in cattle poisoned by Pteridium spp. were observed. The neoplasms found included papilloma, carcinoma in situ, urothelial carcinoma (low and high grade), inverted, microcystic, and trabecular variants, urothelial carcinoma with divergent differentiation (squamous and glandular), squamous cell carcinoma, lymphangioma, hemangioma, and hemangiosarcoma. There was also coexistence of epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms. Bovine papillomavirus particles were not detected by polymerase chain reaction in the bladder samples analyzed.


Descreve-se, através de levantamento epidemiológico e avaliação clínico-patológica, a ocorrência de hematúria enzoótica (HE) em búfalos no Brasil. Essa condição, causada pela ingestão da planta radiomimética Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum, conhecida popularmente como "samambaia" ou "samambaia do campo", até então não havia sido descrita nessa espécie no Brasil. Na Região Sudeste, a HE bovina é responsável por elevadas perdas econômicas, devidas não apenas aos óbitos, mas também em função da queda de produtividade. No município de São José do Barreiro/SP, alguns produtores de áreas com alta incidência de HE bovina, vêm substituindo os bovinos por búfalos, com base na premissa de que estes seriam mais resistentes à intoxicação. Embora, de acordo com observações iniciais, os búfalos realmente sejam menos sensíveis que os bovinos ao princípio tóxico de Pteridium spp., ainda assim, tem-se verificado a ocorrência de casos de hematúria nessa espécie. De acordo com o levantamento inicial, a HE só ocorre em búfalos com idade a partir de seis anos. Ao exame macroscópico, verificou-se a mucosa da bexiga espessa, com múltiplos focos de lesões ulceradas, exofíticas, papiliformes, verrucosas, pedunculadas. Histologicamente, foram observadas alterações neoplásicas e não neoplásicas semelhantes às descritas nos bovinos com HE. Entre as neoplasias foram encontrados papiloma, carcinoma in situ, carcinoma urotelial (baixo e alto grau), variantes invertida, microcística e trabecular, carcinoma urotelial com diferenciação divergente (escamosa e glandular), carcinoma de células escamosas, linfangioma, hemangioma e hemangiossarcoma. Ocorreu também coexistência entre neoplasias epiteliais e mesenquimais. Não foram detectadas partículas de papilomavírus bovino pelo teste PCR nas amostras de bexiga analisadas.


Assuntos
Animais , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/veterinária , Búfalos , Pteridium/intoxicação , Hematúria/diagnóstico , Hematúria/patologia , Hematúria/epidemiologia , Plantas Tóxicas/intoxicação
16.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 50(supl.1): Pub. 798, 2022. ilus
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1401274

Resumo

Background: Nasolacrimal duct tumors are divided into primary and secondary, with primary tumors being rare in all species. Secondary involvement of the lacrimal sac and duct can occur from any skin lesion involving the eyelid and/or conjunctiva and from any neoplastic process involving the paranasal sinuses. Lacrimal sac metastatic lesions may originate from any distant site and include carcinomas or melanomas, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most common type. The objectives of the present report were to describe a case of squamous cell carcinoma in the nasolacrimal duct and to emphasize the importance of a good ophthalmic evaluation. Case: A 16-year-old spayed bitch white poodle was presented to the veterinary clinic. The owner complained that the animal had epiphora and mucoid secretion in the right eye, eyelid hyperemia in both eyes, and sporadic sneezing with blood. On ophthalmic examination, the animal was initially diagnosed with nasolacrimal duct obstruction and right eye (OD) blepharitis and OU uveitis. Fourteen days after the first evaluation, the nasolacrimal duct region increased, with the presence of bloody secretion. Biomicroscopy showed nodules inside the lacrimal duct, in the punctum region. The animal was sedated to obtain a fragment of the nodule for histopathological analysis, and a subsequent oral cavity evaluation identified a nodule in the transition region between the 4th premolar and 1st molar, which was sent for cytology. Cytology of the medial corner region of the RE showed epithelial and mesenchymal cells with malignancy characteristics, and the biopsy was suggestive of malignant epithelial neoplasia (carcinoma). A surgical procedure for nodule resection was ruled out because bone involvement was extensive, and chemotherapy was selected. The patient died 2 months after the 1st consultation. The diagnosis was confirmed through necropsy via immunohistochemical tests, demonstrating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) both in the mouth and the nasal and ocular sinuses. Discussion: The most common conditions affecting the nasolacrimal drainage system in dogs are those causing obstructions. These may be congenital, arising from a developmental defect of micropunctum or agenesis of the punctum, they may be acquired, arising from infection and inflammation. SCC is a malignant neoplasm originating in the stratified squamous epithelium. The predisposing factors in cats and dogs include lack of adnexal pigmentation and, possibly, chronic irritation of the ocular surface. A light coat is considered a relevant factor, especially in regions with little hair coverage. In addition to a mass lesion, other clinical signs of eyelid or ocular surface tumors may include epiphora, conjunctival vascular injection, mucopurulent ocular discharge, 3rd eyelid protrusion, conjunctival/corneal roughness or ulceration, and corneal neovascularization or pigmentation. Clinical presentations are nonspecific. Neoplasms, whether nasal and/or in the maxillary sinus, can invade the nasolacrimal duct and spread to the nasal cavity, and neoplasms in the nasal cavity can invade the nasolacrimal duct. Ophthalmic evaluation along with good inspection of the oral cavity is a useful tool in the diagnosis of eye neoplasms that may have effects on the oral cavity or vice versa due to the strong association between them. Early diagnosis is crucial for the clinical or surgical management of each case of ophthalmic neoplasia and for therapeutic success.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/veterinária , Doenças do Aparelho Lacrimal/veterinária , Ducto Nasolacrimal/patologia
17.
Vet. zootec ; 29: 1-11, 2022. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1400538

Resumo

O fibrossarcoma é uma neoplasia mesenquimal maligna originada dos fibroblastos que localiza-se especificamente em tecido cutâneo, subcutâneo e cavidade oral. A ressecção cirúrgica do tumor com margem de segurança é conhecida como a principal forma de tratamento. A principal forma de metástase é a via hematógena, atingindo pulmões, e menos comum em linfonodos regionais. A análise histopatológica é o exame diagnóstico de eleição para definição do tipo de tumor e sua graduação. Os exames de imagem são fundamentais no estadiamento das neoplasias e planejamento cirúrgico. A ultrassonografia e radiografia são os métodos mais utilizados e oferecem um grande apoio a oncologia médica veterinária. O exame radiográfico possibilita o achado de neoformações ósseas ou demais alterações como o aumento de volume de tecidos moles, infiltração gordurosa, e cavitações com gás ou fluído. O exame ultrassonográfico permite o conhecimento sobre a ecotextura, organização, e localização da lesão em tecidos moles. Em três gatos com fibrosssarcoma em membro torácico, foram realizadas radiografia e ultrassonografia específica da lesão. Os achados radiográficos foram aumento de volume, radiopacidade dos tecidos moles, sem acometimento ósseo. Os achados ultrassonográficos foram lesões de ecotextura grosseira, altamente heterogêneas. Os exames citológicos e histopatológicos revelaram tratar-se de fibrossarcoma. O presente relato tem como objetivo descrever os achados radiográficos e ultrassonográficos de fibrossarcoma em membro torácico de três gatos.


Fibrosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm originating from fibroblasts, which is specifically located in the skin tissue, subcutaneous tissue and oral cavity. Surgical resection of the tumor with a safety margin is known as the main form of treatment. The main form of metastasis is the hematogenous route, reaching the lungs, and less common in regional lymph nodes. histopathological analysis is the diagnostic test of choice for defining the type of tumor and its graduation. Imaging exams are essential in the staging of neoplasms and surgical planning. Ultrasonography and radiography are the most used methods and offer great support to veterinary medical oncology. The radiographic exam allows the finding of bone neoformations or other alterations such as the increase in soft tissue volume, fatty infiltration, and cavitations with gas or fluid. The ultrasound examination allows knowledge about the echotexture, organization, and location of the soft tissue lesion. Three cats with fibrosarcoma in the thoracic limb underwent lesion-specific radiography and ultrasound. The radiographic findings of fibrosarcomas were increased soft tissue radiopacity volume, without bone involvement. And the ultrasonographic findings were gross echotexture lesions, highly heterogeneous. Cytological and histopathological examinations were performed for definitive diagnosis. The present report aims to describe the radiographic and ultrasonographic findings of fibrosarcoma in the thoracic limb of three cats.


RESUMEN El fibrosarcoma es una neoplasia mesenquimatosa maligna que se origina a partir de fibroblastos, que se localiza específicamente en el tejido cutáneo, tejido subcutáneo y cavidad oral. La resección quirúrgica del tumor con un margen de seguridad se conoce como la forma principal de tratamiento. La principal forma de metástasis es la vía hematógena, que llega a los pulmones y es menos común en los ganglios linfáticos regionales. El análisis histopatológico es la prueba diagnóstica de elección para definir el tipo de tumor y su graduación. Los exámenes por imágenes son esenciales en la estadificación de las neoplasias y la planificación quirúrgica. La ecografía y la radiografía son los métodos más utilizados y ofrecen un gran apoyo a la oncología médica veterinaria. El examen radiográfico permite encontrar neoformaciones óseas u otras alteraciones como aumento de volumen de tejidos blandos, infiltración grasa y cavitaciones con gas o líquido. El examen ecográfico permite conocer la ecotextura, organización y ubicación de la lesión de tejidos blandos. A tres gatos con fibrosarcoma en la extremidad torácica se les realizó una radiografía y una ecografía específicas de la lesión. Los hallazgos radiográficos de los fibrosarcomas fueron un aumento del volumen de radiopacidad de los tejidos blandos, sin afectación ósea. Y los hallazgos ecográficos fueron lesiones macroscópicas de ecotextura, muy heterogéneas. Se realizaron exámenes citológicos e histopatológicos para el diagnóstico definitivo. El presente informe tiene como objetivo describir los hallazgos radiográficos y ecográficos del fibrosarcoma en la extremidad torácica de tres gatos.


Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagem , Fibrossarcoma/veterinária , Fibrossarcoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia Torácica/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterinária
18.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(5): 1111-1116, Sept.-Oct. 2021. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1345263

Resumo

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma is a malignant epithelial neoplasia that usually arises from conducting airways or alveolar parenchyma. It has rarely been described in wild felids, with no previous reports in ocelots. In domestic cats it is a very aggressive neoplasm with a high metastatic rate that usually evolves to death. This report aimed to describe a pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a captive and senile ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), with a thorough morphologic and immunophenotypically characterization, evidencing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon in a high metastatic carcinoma, an important feature rarely described in veterinary medicine, even in domestic cats.(AU)


O adenocarcinoma pulmonar é uma neoplasia epitelial maligna originada do epitélio respiratório das vias aéreas inferiores e do parênquima alveolar. É uma neoplasia raramente descrita em felinos selvagens, sem nenhum relato em jaguatiricas. Em gatos domésticos, é uma neoplasia muito agressiva, com alta taxa de metástase, e geralmente evolui para o óbito do paciente. O presente relato objetiva descrever um adenocarcinoma pulmonar em uma jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis) senil de cativeiro, com detalhada caracterização morfológica e imunofenotípica, evidenciando o fenômeno de transição epitelial-mesenquial (TEM) em um carcinoma altamente metastático, uma característica importante, com escassos relatos na medicina veterinária, mesmo em gatos domésticos.(AU)


Assuntos
Felidae , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/veterinária , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Animais de Zoológico
19.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1487651

Resumo

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to verify the applicability and accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography in detecting malignancy in dog cutaneous neoplasms. Forty-two neoplasms (12 benign and 30 malignant) of mesenchymal, round cells, epithelial and melanocytic origins from 24 dogs of different breeds and ages were included. The ultrasound evaluation was performed with a linear multi-frequency transducer (7.0 to 12MHz), with frequency dependent on the mass dimension. Ultrasonographic characteristics of echogenicity (hypo/hyperechogenic), echotexture (homogeneous/heterogeneous), regularity, invasiveness in adjacent tissues were classified. Dimensions were also measured to calculate the depth/width ratio. Neoplasms were classified as malignant or benign after cytological and/or histopathological analysis and the results were associated with ultrasound characteristics. There was a significant association (P 0.05) between malignancy and echogenicity, echotexture and invasiveness in adjacent tissues, so that 84.6% of hypoechogenic neoplasms, 76.9% of heterogeneous masses and 88.2% of invasive neoplasms were classified as malignant. However, for all these associations, moderate predictive values were obtained, which may be due to the small experimental number included in this study. Therefore, although it has been observed that hypoechogenic, heterogeneous and invasive neoplasms were more prone to malignancy, these findings should be used with caution until new studies are developed with a greater number and variety of cutaneous neoplasms in dogs.


RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a aplicabilidade e acurácia da ultrassonografia modo-B na detecção de malignidade em neoplasmas cutâneos de cães. Foram incluídos 42 neoplasmas (12 benignos e 30 malignos) de origens mesenquimal, células redondas, epitelial e melanocítica provenientes de 24 cães de diferentes raças e idades. O exame ultrassonográfico foi realizado com transdutor linear multifrequencial (7.0 a 12MHz), com frequência dependente da dimensão da massa. Foram classificadas características ultrassonográficas de ecogenicidade (hipo/hiperecogênicos), ecotextura (homogêneos/heterogêneos), regularidade, invasividade em tecidos adjacentes. As dimensões foram mensuradas para cálculo da razão profundidade/largura. Os neoplasmas foram classificados como malignos ou benignos após análise cito e/ou histopatológica e os resultados foram associados com as características ultrassonográficas. Verificou-se associação significativa (P 0.05) entre malignidade e ecogenicidade, ecotextura e invasividade em tecidos adjacentes, de forma que 84.6% dos neoplasmas hipoecogênicos, 76.9% das massas heterogêneas e 88.2% dos neoplasmas invasivos foram classificados como malignos. Entretanto, para todas essas associações, foram obtidos valores preditivos moderados, que podem ser decorrentes do baixo número experimental incluso neste estudo. Sendo assim, embora tenha sido observado que os neoplasmas hipoecogênicos, heterogêneos e invasivos tiveram maior propensão à malignidade, esses achados devem ser utilizados com cautela até novos trabalhos sejam desenvolvidos com maior número e variedade de neoplasmas cutâneos de cães.

20.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 49(suppl.1): Pub.626-Jan 4, 2021. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1458489

Resumo

Background: Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (EOS), a rare variant of osteosarcoma (OS), is a malignant neoplasm that develops insoft tissues without primary bone involvement. This study aims to describe a case of EOS with a mediastinal location in a canine.Case: A 10-year-old male Uruguayan Cimarron dog, was presented to the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdadede Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD/FV/UFPel) for necropsy. The dog had a history of submandibularswelling, progressive hind limb paralysis, muscle atrophy, and breathing difficulties. During necropsy, in the thoracic cavity,approximately 900 mL of serosanguinous exudate and a reddish-brown, bossed mediastinal mass measuring 15.0 cm in thelongest axis were also noted. The lung exhibited multifocal to coalescent, white, firm nodules extending from the pleurato the parenchyma and measuring up to 4.5 cm in diameter. In the parietal and occipital region of the brain, a matte winemass measuring 2.3 cm in the longest axis was observed. Fragments of the neoplastic mass, organs of the abdominal andthoracic cavities, and the brain were harvested and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. After 48 h, the samples were routinelyprocessed, incorporated in paraffin, cut into 3 µm-thick sections, and stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE). Selectedsections of the neoplasm, the lung, and the brain were subjected to Von Kossa staining and immunohistochemical (IHC)analysis. For IHC, primary anti-cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies (clone AE1 / AE3, BioCare Medical) at a 1:100 dilution, vimentin (clone V9, BioCare Medical) at a 1:100 dilution, S100 Protein (clone 15E2E2, BioCare Medical) at a 1:100dilution, and Ki67 (SP6 clone, BioCare Medical) at a 1:50 dilution were used. Immunostaining ...


Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Cães , Cães , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias do Mediastino/veterinária , Osteossarcoma/veterinária , Neoplasias Encefálicas/veterinária , Neoplasias Pulmonares/veterinária
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