Resumo
RESUMEN Se describe y diagnostica una nueva especie de Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), Euathlus vanessae sp. nov. El género es conocido en Chile y Argentina, y E. vanessae sp. nov. representa el primer registro oficial del género para el Perú, siendo el nuevo límite más septentrional de distribución conocida. Se proporcionan datos de distribución e historia natural, adicionalmente se discute el estado de conservación de la nueva especie y se propone como En Peligro (EN) según los criterios de la UICN.
ABSTRACT A new species of Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), Euathlus vanessae sp. nov. is described and diagnosed. The genus is known from Chile and Argentina, and E. vanessae sp. nov. represents the first record for the genus in Peru, being the new northernmost limit of its known distribution. Distribution and natural history data are provided. Additionally, the conservation status of the new species is discussed and it is proposed as Endangered (EN) according to IUCN criteria.
Resumo
ABSTRACT A new species of Bumba Pérez-Miles, Bonaldo & Miglio, 2014 is described and illustrated. This species comprises the first record of the genus for Bolivia. Bumba paunaka sp. nov. differs from the other species in the genus in the black longitudinal band on abdomen, in the long and slender embolus of the palpal bulb and in the thin and long subapical spine of the retrolateral branch of tibial apophysis. Females additionally differ in the spermathecal morphology. Finally, a distribution map for all known species of Bumba is presented.
Resumo
A new species of Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), Euathlus vanessae sp. nov. is described and diagnosed. The genus is known from Chile and Argentina, and E. vanessae sp. nov. represents the first record for the genus in Peru, being the new northernmost limit of its known distribution. Distribution and natural history data are provided. Additionally, the conservation status of the new species is discussed and it is proposed as Endangered (EN) according to IUCN criteria.(AU)
Se describe y diagnostica una nueva especie de Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), Euathlus vanessae sp. nov. El género es conocido en Chile y Argentina, y E. vanessae sp. nov. representa el primer registro oficial del género para el Perú, siendo el nuevo límite más septentrional de distribución conocida. Se proporcionan datos de distribución e historia natural, adicionalmente se discute el estado de conservación de la nueva especie y se propone como En Peligro (EN) según los criterios de la UICN.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aranhas/classificação , Espécies em Perigo de ExtinçãoResumo
A new species of Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), Euathlus vanessae sp. nov. is described and diagnosed. The genus is known from Chile and Argentina, and E. vanessae sp. nov. represents the first record for the genus in Peru, being the new northernmost limit of its known distribution. Distribution and natural history data are provided. Additionally, the conservation status of the new species is discussed and it is proposed as Endangered (EN) according to IUCN criteria.
Se describe y diagnostica una nueva especie de Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), Euathlus vanessae sp. nov. El género es conocido en Chile y Argentina, y E. vanessae sp. nov. representa el primer registro oficial del género para el Perú, siendo el nuevo límite más septentrional de distribución conocida. Se proporcionan datos de distribución e historia natural, adicionalmente se discute el estado de conservación de la nueva especie y se propone como En Peligro (EN) según los criterios de la UICN.
Assuntos
Animais , Aranhas/classificação , Espécies em Perigo de ExtinçãoResumo
Abstract The Theraphosidae family includes the largest number of species of the Mygalomorphae infraorder, with hundreds of species currently catalogued. However, there is a huge lack on physiologic and even ecologic information available, especially in Brazil, which is the most biodiverse country in the world. Over the years, spiders have been presented as a source of multiple biologically active compounds with basic roles, such as primary defense against pathogenic microorganisms or modulation of metabolic pathways and as specialized hunters. Spider venoms also evolved in order to enable the capture of prey by interaction with a diversity of molecular targets of interest, raising their pharmaceutical potential for the development of new drugs. Among the activities found in compounds isolated from venoms and hemocytes of Brazilian Theraphosidae there are antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antitumoral, as well as properties related to proteinase action and neuromuscular blockage modulated by ionic voltage-gated channel interaction. These characteristics are present in different species from multiple genera, which is strong evidence of the important role in spider survival. The present review aims to compile the main results of studies from the last decades on Brazilian Theraphosidae with special focus on results obtained with the crude venom or compounds isolated from both venom and hemocytes, and their physiological and chemical characterization.
Resumo
A new species of Bumba Pérez-Miles, Bonaldo & Miglio, 2014 is described and illustrated. This species comprises the first record of the genus for Bolivia. Bumba paunaka sp. nov. differs from the other species in the genus in the black longitudinal band on abdomen, in the long and slender embolus of the palpal bulb and in the thin and long subapical spine of the retrolateral branch of tibial apophysis. Females additionally differ in the spermathecal morphology. Finally, a distribution map for all known species of Bumba is presented.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aranhas/classificação , Osso e Ossos , Aranhas/anatomia & histologiaResumo
A new species of Bumba Pérez-Miles, Bonaldo & Miglio, 2014 is described and illustrated. This species comprises the first record of the genus for Bolivia. Bumba paunaka sp. nov. differs from the other species in the genus in the black longitudinal band on abdomen, in the long and slender embolus of the palpal bulb and in the thin and long subapical spine of the retrolateral branch of tibial apophysis. Females additionally differ in the spermathecal morphology. Finally, a distribution map for all known species of Bumba is presented.
Assuntos
Animais , Aranhas/anatomia & histologia , Aranhas/classificação , Osso e OssosResumo
The Theraphosidae family includes the largest number of species of the Mygalomorphae infraorder, with hundreds of species currently catalogued. However, there is a huge lack on physiologic and even ecologic information available, especially in Brazil, which is the most biodiverse country in the world. Over the years, spiders have been presented as a source of multiple biologically active compounds with basic roles, such as primary defense against pathogenic microorganisms or modulation of metabolic pathways and as specialized hunters. Spider venoms also evolved in order to enable the capture of prey by interaction with a diversity of molecular targets of interest, raising their pharmaceutical potential for the development of new drugs. Among the activities found in compounds isolated from venoms and hemocytes of Brazilian Theraphosidae there are antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antitumoral, as well as properties related to proteinase action and neuromuscular blockage modulated by ionic voltage-gated channel interaction. These characteristics are present in different species from multiple genera, which is strong evidence of the important role in spider survival. The present review aims to compile the main results of studies from the last decades on Brazilian Theraphosidae with special focus on results obtained with the crude venom or compounds isolated from both venom and hemocytes, and their physiological and chemical characterization.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Peptídeo Hidrolases , Venenos de Aranha , Aranhas , Hemócitos , Antiparasitários , Preparações FarmacêuticasResumo
A new species of Pamphobeteus Pocock, 1901, is described from the Colombian Andes, Medellín, Antioquia. The biochemistry and molecular characteristics of the venom of this new species (previously identified as Pamphobeteus aff. nigricolor ) has been already described. A detailed taxonomic study, comparing this species with holotypes and additional material of Pamphobeteus species, allowed us to recognize it as new, and to describe it here as Pamphobeteus verdolaga sp. nov. The male of P. verdolaga sp. nov. is distinguished by the palpal bulb with broad embolus, poorly developed apical keel (A), prolateral inferior keel (PI) and prolateral accessory keel (PAc) present but poorly developed, and retrolateral keel (R) of similar length as A. Females are distinguished by the morphology of spermatheca with a wide base and very short oval seminal receptacles, which are curved toward the center. This is the thirteenth species described in Pamphobeteus and the sixth species reported from Colombia. The species description is complemented by a molecular characterization of a partial CO1 sequence.
Assuntos
Animais , Aranhas/anatomia & histologia , Aranhas/classificação , Aranhas/genética , Aranhas/ultraestrutura , Venenos de Aranha/química , Especificidade da EspécieResumo
A new species of Pamphobeteus Pocock, 1901, is described from the Colombian Andes, Medellín, Antioquia. The biochemistry and molecular characteristics of the venom of this new species (previously identified as Pamphobeteus aff. nigricolor ) has been already described. A detailed taxonomic study, comparing this species with holotypes and additional material of Pamphobeteus species, allowed us to recognize it as new, and to describe it here as Pamphobeteus verdolaga sp. nov. The male of P. verdolaga sp. nov. is distinguished by the palpal bulb with broad embolus, poorly developed apical keel (A), prolateral inferior keel (PI) and prolateral accessory keel (PAc) present but poorly developed, and retrolateral keel (R) of similar length as A. Females are distinguished by the morphology of spermatheca with a wide base and very short oval seminal receptacles, which are curved toward the center. This is the thirteenth species described in Pamphobeteus and the sixth species reported from Colombia. The species description is complemented by a molecular characterization of a partial CO1 sequence.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aranhas/anatomia & histologia , Aranhas/classificação , Aranhas/ultraestrutura , Venenos de Aranha/química , Aranhas/genética , Especificidade da EspécieResumo
A new species of Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 is described and illustrated, based on eight male specimens collected at the Una Biological Reserve, southern state of Bahia, Brazil. It is distinguished by the morphology of male palpal bulb and tibial apophysis. The new species is very small and is the smallest theraphosid described to date (body length 5.5 mm). It is distinguished from congeners by the size, which vary from 12 mm (T. riopretano) to 23.8 mm (T. nubilus) in other species of the genus, aspect of palpal bulb, sternal posterior sigillae close to sternal margin and by the aspect of tibial apophysis which lacks the prolateral branch. Tmesiphantes presently comprises nine species. Sixth have been described for the southern region of Bahia, a well known area of endemism in the Atlantic Forest. Identification keys for Tmesiphantes males and females are presented. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aranhas , Especificidade da Espécie , Classificação , Biodiversidade , América do SulResumo
A new species of Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 is described and illustrated, based on eight male specimens collected at the Una Biological Reserve, southern state of Bahia, Brazil. It is distinguished by the morphology of male palpal bulb and tibial apophysis. The new species is very small and is the smallest theraphosid described to date (body length 5.5 mm). It is distinguished from congeners by the size, which vary from 12 mm (T. riopretano) to 23.8 mm (T. nubilus) in other species of the genus, aspect of palpal bulb, sternal posterior sigillae close to sternal margin and by the aspect of tibial apophysis which lacks the prolateral branch. Tmesiphantes presently comprises nine species. Sixth have been described for the southern region of Bahia, a well known area of endemism in the Atlantic Forest. Identification keys for Tmesiphantes males and females are presented.
Assuntos
Animais , Aranhas , Classificação , Especificidade da Espécie , América do Sul , BiodiversidadeResumo
Two new Nemesiidae species from Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil are described. Acanthogonatus minimus sp. nov. differs from the remaining species of the genus by the male palpal bulb, which has very long and twisted embolus, ca. 2/3 the length of the palpal tibia, long and twisted spermathecae, anterior eye row recurved and fovea T-shaped. Chaco tingua sp. nov. differs from the remaining species of the genus by the retrolateral megaspine on tibia I, palpal embolus tip hook-shaped, inferior tarsal claw on all legs, absence of pubescence on the carapace and legs. Both species were collected with Winkler extractors in leaf litter. They are the smallest specimens in their respective genera and also among the world Nemesiidae described to date. The smallest male of A. minimus sp. nov. measures 4.22 mm and of C. tingua sp. nov. measures 3.85 mm. Data on the phenology of C. tingua sp. nov. is presented.
Assuntos
Animais , Aranhas , Classificação , Especificidade da Espécie , América do Sul , Clima TropicalResumo
Two new Nemesiidae species from Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil are described. Acanthogonatus minimus sp. nov. differs from the remaining species of the genus by the male palpal bulb, which has very long and twisted embolus, ca. 2/3 the length of the palpal tibia, long and twisted spermathecae, anterior eye row recurved and fovea T-shaped. Chaco tingua sp. nov. differs from the remaining species of the genus by the retrolateral megaspine on tibia I, palpal embolus tip hook-shaped, inferior tarsal claw on all legs, absence of pubescence on the carapace and legs. Both species were collected with Winkler extractors in leaf litter. They are the smallest specimens in their respective genera and also among the world Nemesiidae described to date. The smallest male of A. minimus sp. nov. measures 4.22 mm and of C. tingua sp. nov. measures 3.85 mm. Data on the phenology of C. tingua sp. nov. is presented. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Classificação , Aranhas , Especificidade da Espécie , América do Sul , Clima Tropical , FilogeografiaResumo
The Neotropical Sasoninae Neodiplothele Mello-Leitão, 1917 is revised and now includes eight species. Neodiplothele can be distinguished from other Sasoninae by the absence of the posterior median spinnerets and differs Neotropical relatives as Cosmopelma by the absence of cuspules on coxae of leg I and Paracenobiopelma by the absence of cuspules on the labium. The male of N. irregularis Mello-Leitão, 1917 and N. picta Vellard, 1924 are described and illustrated for the first time. Neodiplothele leonardosi Mello-Leitão, 1939 is considered a junior synonym of N. irregularis. Five new species are described from Brazil: N. aureus sp. nov. from the states of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, and Minas Gerais, N. itabaiana sp. nov. from Sergipe, N. martinsi sp. nov. from Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Minas Gerais, N. indicattii sp. nov. from Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo, N. caucaia sp. nov. from Ceará, Goiás, and Mato Grosso do Sul. Two informal groups are proposed based on genitalia morphology: irregularis group and picta group. An identification key and new distribution records for all known species are given.
Assuntos
Animais , Aranhas/classificação , BiodiversidadeResumo
The Neotropical Sasoninae Neodiplothele Mello-Leitão, 1917 is revised and now includes eight species. Neodiplothele can be distinguished from other Sasoninae by the absence of the posterior median spinnerets and differs Neotropical relatives as Cosmopelma by the absence of cuspules on coxae of leg I and Paracenobiopelma by the absence of cuspules on the labium. The male of N. irregularis Mello-Leitão, 1917 and N. picta Vellard, 1924 are described and illustrated for the first time. Neodiplothele leonardosi Mello-Leitão, 1939 is considered a junior synonym of N. irregularis. Five new species are described from Brazil: N. aureus sp. nov. from the states of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, and Minas Gerais, N. itabaiana sp. nov. from Sergipe, N. martinsi sp. nov. from Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Minas Gerais, N. indicattii sp. nov. from Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo, N. caucaia sp. nov. from Ceará, Goiás, and Mato Grosso do Sul. Two informal groups are proposed based on genitalia morphology: irregularis group and picta group. An identification key and new distribution records for all known species are given.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aranhas/classificação , BiodiversidadeResumo
A new species of Masteria L. Koch, 1873 from iron ore caves at Caeté and Santa Bárbara, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Masteria emboaba sp. nov., is described. It was collected inside caves and in the litter of nearby dry forests. It is the first masteriine species described from southeastern Brazil and the second masteriine species for the country. The new species is the only known Masteria with only two eyes. Additionally, the male of M. emboaba sp. nov. has only two regular, thin spines at the apex of tibia I, lacking the tibial apophysis found in most other Masteria species. The only other described Masteria species that has spines in the place of tibial apophysis is M. aimeae (Alayón, 1995) from Cuba; however, the last species has a longer and sinuous embolus, contrasting the embolus of M. emboaba sp. nov., which is much smaller, less sinuous and transversally placed. The only other described Brazilian species, M. manauara Bertani, Cruz & Oliveira, 2013, has a double tibial apophysis, with both ends tipped by a strong, short spine, and a very long embolus, parallel to the bulb.
Assuntos
Animais , Aranhas/anatomia & histologia , Aranhas/classificação , Especificidade da Espécie , Brasil , CavernasResumo
A new species of Masteria L. Koch, 1873 from iron ore caves at Caeté and Santa Bárbara, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Masteria emboaba sp. nov., is described. It was collected inside caves and in the litter of nearby dry forests. It is the first masteriine species described from southeastern Brazil and the second masteriine species for the country. The new species is the only known Masteria with only two eyes. Additionally, the male of M. emboaba sp. nov. has only two regular, thin spines at the apex of tibia I, lacking the tibial apophysis found in most other Masteria species. The only other described Masteria species that has spines in the place of tibial apophysis is M. aimeae (Alayón, 1995) from Cuba; however, the last species has a longer and sinuous embolus, contrasting the embolus of M. emboaba sp. nov., which is much smaller, less sinuous and transversally placed. The only other described Brazilian species, M. manauara Bertani, Cruz & Oliveira, 2013, has a double tibial apophysis, with both ends tipped by a strong, short spine, and a very long embolus, parallel to the bulb.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aranhas/anatomia & histologia , Aranhas/classificação , Especificidade da Espécie , Brasil , CavernasResumo
The genus Pycnothele Chamberlin, 1917 is revised. The Brazilian species Pycnothele perdita Chamberlin, 1917, P. singularis (MelloLeitão, 1934) and P. auronitens (Keyserling, 1891) are redescribed, diagnosed and illustrated. The females of P. auronitens and P. singularis are described for the first time and P. auripila (Mello-Leitão, 1946) from Uruguay, currently a junior synonym of P. auronitens, is revalidated. Pycnothele piracicabensis (Piza, 1938) is transferred to Rachias Simon, 1892, with which it shares the morphology of the sexual structures, restoring the original combination. Five new species are proposed for Brazil: Pycnothele rubra sp. nov., P. jatai sp. nov. and P. araraquara sp. nov., from state of São Paulo, P. arapongas sp. nov., from state of Paraná, and P. gauderio sp. nov., from state of Rio Grande do Sul. After this revision the genus includes ten Neotropical species. Maps with distribution of all species is presented for the first time and the occurrence of species of the genus is enhanced for the Brazilian state of Paraná.(AU)
O gênero Pycnothele Chamberlin, 1917 é revisado. As espécies brasileiras Pycnothele perdita Chamberlin, 1917, P. singularis (Mello-Leitão, 1934) e P. auronitens (Keyserling, 1891) são redescritas, diagnosticadas e ilustradas. As fêmeas de P. auronitens e P. singularis são descritas pela primeira vez e P. auripila (Mello-Leitão, 1946) do Uruguai, atualmente um sinônimo júnior de P. auronitens, é revalidada. Pycnothele piracicabensis (Piza, 1938) é transferida para Rachias Simon, 1892, do qual compartilha a morfologia das estruturas sexuais, restaurando a combinação original. Cinco espécies novas são propostas para o Brasil: Pycnothele rubra sp. nov., P. jatai sp. nov. e P. araraquara sp. nov., do estado de São Paulo, P. arapongas sp. nov., do estado do Paraná, and P. gauderio sp. nov., do estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Após esta revisão, o gênero passa a constar com dez espécies neotropicais. Mapas com a distribuição de todas as espécies é apresentado pela primeira vez e a ocorrência de espécies do gênero é ampliada para o estado do Paraná.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aranhas/classificação , Especificidade da Espécie , Classificação/métodosResumo
The genus Pycnothele Chamberlin, 1917 is revised. The Brazilian species Pycnothele perdita Chamberlin, 1917, P. singularis (MelloLeitão, 1934) and P. auronitens (Keyserling, 1891) are redescribed, diagnosed and illustrated. The females of P. auronitens and P. singularis are described for the first time and P. auripila (Mello-Leitão, 1946) from Uruguay, currently a junior synonym of P. auronitens, is revalidated. Pycnothele piracicabensis (Piza, 1938) is transferred to Rachias Simon, 1892, with which it shares the morphology of the sexual structures, restoring the original combination. Five new species are proposed for Brazil: Pycnothele rubra sp. nov., P. jatai sp. nov. and P. araraquara sp. nov., from state of São Paulo, P. arapongas sp. nov., from state of Paraná, and P. gauderio sp. nov., from state of Rio Grande do Sul. After this revision the genus includes ten Neotropical species. Maps with distribution of all species is presented for the first time and the occurrence of species of the genus is enhanced for the Brazilian state of Paraná.
O gênero Pycnothele Chamberlin, 1917 é revisado. As espécies brasileiras Pycnothele perdita Chamberlin, 1917, P. singularis (Mello-Leitão, 1934) e P. auronitens (Keyserling, 1891) são redescritas, diagnosticadas e ilustradas. As fêmeas de P. auronitens e P. singularis são descritas pela primeira vez e P. auripila (Mello-Leitão, 1946) do Uruguai, atualmente um sinônimo júnior de P. auronitens, é revalidada. Pycnothele piracicabensis (Piza, 1938) é transferida para Rachias Simon, 1892, do qual compartilha a morfologia das estruturas sexuais, restaurando a combinação original. Cinco espécies novas são propostas para o Brasil: Pycnothele rubra sp. nov., P. jatai sp. nov. e P. araraquara sp. nov., do estado de São Paulo, P. arapongas sp. nov., do estado do Paraná, and P. gauderio sp. nov., do estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Após esta revisão, o gênero passa a constar com dez espécies neotropicais. Mapas com a distribuição de todas as espécies é apresentado pela primeira vez e a ocorrência de espécies do gênero é ampliada para o estado do Paraná.