Adenocarcinoma de saco anal com metástase vertebro-medular em um Cocker Spaniel / Anal sac adenocarcinoma with vertebromedullary metastasis in a Cocker Spaniel

Background: Several neoplasms can affect the perianal region, being the hepatic adenoma and the anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC), which is considered the most frequent. The ASAC is a malignant neoplasm originating from the secretory epithelium of the perianal apocrine glands and is rarely seen in veterinary medicine. The ASAC occurs mainly in adult to elderly canines with high metastasis rates. Patients may be asymptomatic or manifest discomfort and behavioral changes. In the presence of metastasis, the most frequent clinical signs are inappetence, coughing, dyspnea, and colorectal obstruction. Given this scenario, this paper aims to describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic examination, and necropsy findings of a Cocker Spaniel with ASAC and metastasis in the vertebral body, spinal cord, and cauda equina. Case: A 8-year-old neutered male Cocker Spaniel (12 kg of body mass) with a clinical history of non-ambulatory paraparesis was evaluated. The patient also presented tenesmus, difficulty to defecate, and the presence of nodules in the anal sac area. On the neurological examination, asymmetrical changes compatible with injury between L4-S3 were found. A complete blood count, serum biochemistry, and imaging exams such as plain radiography, abdominal ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were requested. Blood count revealed anemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis and hypercalcemia. The liver showed increased echogenicity and thickened pancreas in the abdominal US scan. A slightly heterogeneous, vascularized mass with irregular borders was identified in the topographic region of the sublumbar lymph nodes; MRI images demonstrated an expansile formation in the ventral region of the lumbosacral spine, corresponding to the sublumbar lymph nodes and interruption of the cerebrospinal fluid at L5, suggestive of compression of the spinal cord and cauda equina. A presumptive diagnosis of perianal neoplasm with metastasis was made based on the complementary exams. The dog was referred to necropsy, which revealed a 4 cm tumor in the perianal region that invaded the pelvic canal. Multifocal nodules were present on the lung surface, liver, and kidneys, suggesting metastasis. On the cross-section of the spine, one could note the presence of the tumor in the vertebral bodies, spinal cord, and cauda equina from L5 to S3. Even with histopathological evaluation of the tumor, only the immunohistochemical analysis allowed us to confirm the anal sac adenocarcinoma. Discussion: Adenomas and carcinomas are perianal gland neoplasms common in adult and elderly male dogs; the Cocker Spaniel breed is among the most affected. The clinical signs presented by the patient, such as tenesmus and difficulty in adopting the posture of defecation, are common, although neurological changes are rare. As for metastasis, carcinomas of the perianal region present high chances of metastasis to organs including the liver, kidneys, and lungs, both lymphatically and hematogenously, but few studies have related these factors to neurological alterations due to metastasis. We concluded that metastases from carcinomas to the spine must be considered a possible differential diagnosis in cases of patients presenting clinical signs that are compatible with spinal cord compression and a history of previous neoplasm.

Meningeal osteosarcoma in a dog’s brain / Osteossarcoma meningeal no encéfalo de um cão

Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in dogs. It has a high invasion capacity and commonly metastasizes. This neoplasia ensues mainly in the medullary canal of long bones of the appendicular and axial skeleton, rarely affecting primarily extra-skeletal sites. Primary meningeal osteosarcomas are extremely rare both in human and veterinary medicine. A male, mixed breed dog was admitted at the Veterinary Hospital with a history of over excitement, decreased neurological reflexes, and seizures. The worsening of its clinical condition led to its euthanasia and anatomopathological examination at the Veterinary Pathology Service. This report describes a primary extra-skeletal osteosarcoma of a dog’s meninges. Its clinical signs were indicative of a central nervous system disease later diagnosed by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis.

O osteossarcoma é considerado a neoplasia óssea mais frequente em cães. Tem elevada capacidade invasiva e comumente gera metástase. Essa neoplasia é mais frequentemente observada no canal medular de ossos longos do esqueleto apendicular e axial. É raro que acometa primariamente sítios extraesqueléticos. O osteossarcoma primário meningeal é considerado extremamente raro em medicinas humana e veterinária. Um cão macho e sem raça definida foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário com histórico de excitação, diminuição dos reflexos neurológicos e desenvolvimento de quadro convulsivo. O agravamento do quadro clínico levou à eutanásia do animal e a um exame anatomopatológico pelo Serviço de Patologia Veterinária. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de osteossarcoma extra-esquelético primário de meninge em um cão que apresentou quadro clínico compatível com doença originária do sistema nervoso central e que foi diagnosticado por meio das análises histopatológica e imunohistoquímica.

Meningeal osteosarcoma in a dogs brain / Osteossarcoma meningeal no encéfalo de um cão

Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in dogs. It has a high invasion capacity and commonly metastasizes. This neoplasia ensues mainly in the medullary canal of long bones of the appendicular and axial skeleton, rarely affecting primarily extra-skeletal sites. Primary meningeal osteosarcomas are extremely rare both in human and veterinary medicine. A male, mixed breed dog was admitted at the Veterinary Hospital with a history of over excitement, decreased neurological reflexes, and seizures. The worsening of its clinical condition led to its euthanasia and anatomopathological examination at the Veterinary Pathology Service. This report describes a primary extra-skeletal osteosarcoma of a dogs meninges. Its clinical signs were indicative of a central nervous system disease later diagnosed by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis.(AU)

O osteossarcoma é considerado a neoplasia óssea mais frequente em cães. Tem elevada capacidade invasiva e comumente gera metástase. Essa neoplasia é mais frequentemente observada no canal medular de ossos longos do esqueleto apendicular e axial. É raro que acometa primariamente sítios extraesqueléticos. O osteossarcoma primário meningeal é considerado extremamente raro em medicinas humana e veterinária. Um cão macho e sem raça definida foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário com histórico de excitação, diminuição dos reflexos neurológicos e desenvolvimento de quadro convulsivo. O agravamento do quadro clínico levou à eutanásia do animal e a um exame anatomopatológico pelo Serviço de Patologia Veterinária. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de osteossarcoma extra-esquelético primário de meninge em um cão que apresentou quadro clínico compatível com doença originária do sistema nervoso central e que foi diagnosticado por meio das análises histopatológica e imunohistoquímica.(AU)

Carcinoma com metástase em coluna vertebral em dois cães / Carcinoma with vertebral column metastasis in two dogs

Background: Carcinomas are aggressive and invasive malignancies that originate from any type of epithelial cell and are responsible for many deaths in dogs. Carcinoma metastases occur primarily via the lymphatic route; however, they can occur by blood flow, thus reaching bone structures. In dogs, metastasis of mammary and squamous cell carcinomas to the skeletal system is poorly described. The aim of this study was to report two cases of dogs that developed metastases of carcinomas to the vertebral column. Cases: Case 1. A 10-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog with paralysis of the left pelvic limb, subcutaneous mass in the lumbar region, apathy, anorexia and progressive weight loss and with a previous history of amputation of the right pelvic limb resulting from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the integument of the cranial face of the femorotibiopatellar joint. Due to the patient’s clinical condition and the negative prognosis associated with the neoplasia, euthanasia was performed. At necropsy, infiltrating the lumbar vertebrae from L5 to L7, a whitish and firm mass of approximately 15 x 8 cm was observed. Histologically, it comprised a malignant epithelial neoplastic development consisting of nests and cords interspersed with fibrovascular stroma, containing multiple keratine pearls. There was moderate to severe anisocytosis, severe anisokariosis, and about 4 mitosis figures for every 10 high power fields (400x). The histological features were consistent with an invasive SCC. Anti-cytokeratin and anti-p63 immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations were performed, both with immunoreactivity in neoplastic cells. Case 2. An 8-year-old, female, Chihuahua with bilateral paralysis of the pelvic limbs, anorexia, and progressive weight loss, with a history of excision of solid mammary carcinoma. The clinical condition...

Carcinoma com metástase em coluna vertebral em dois cães / Carcinoma with vertebral column metastasis in two dogs

Background: Carcinomas are aggressive and invasive malignancies that originate from any type of epithelial cell and are responsible for many deaths in dogs. Carcinoma metastases occur primarily via the lymphatic route; however, they can occur by blood flow, thus reaching bone structures. In dogs, metastasis of mammary and squamous cell carcinomas to the skeletal system is poorly described. The aim of this study was to report two cases of dogs that developed metastases of carcinomas to the vertebral column. Cases: Case 1. A 10-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog with paralysis of the left pelvic limb, subcutaneous mass in the lumbar region, apathy, anorexia and progressive weight loss and with a previous history of amputation of the right pelvic limb resulting from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the integument of the cranial face of the femorotibiopatellar joint. Due to the patients clinical condition and the negative prognosis associated with the neoplasia, euthanasia was performed. At necropsy, infiltrating the lumbar vertebrae from L5 to L7, a whitish and firm mass of approximately 15 x 8 cm was observed. Histologically, it comprised a malignant epithelial neoplastic development consisting of nests and cords interspersed with fibrovascular stroma, containing multiple keratine pearls. There was moderate to severe anisocytosis, severe anisokariosis, and about 4 mitosis figures for every 10 high power fields (400x). The histological features were consistent with an invasive SCC. Anti-cytokeratin and anti-p63 immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations were performed, both with immunoreactivity in neoplastic cells. Case 2. An 8-year-old, female, Chihuahua with bilateral paralysis of the pelvic limbs, anorexia, and progressive weight loss, with a history of excision of solid mammary carcinoma. The clinical condition...(AU)

Multicentric T-cell lymphoma in a creole filly / Linfoma multicêntrico de células T em uma potra crioula

A 2-year-old creole filly was referred to us for evaluation because of the clinical suspicion of infection by Streptococcus equi. It presented with progressive weight loss and increased volume of the submandibular, retropharyngeal, and precrural lymph nodes. General clinical examinations and laboratory tests revealed dehydration, anemia, leukopenia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and thrombocytopenia. The initial treatment for equine adenitis did not achieve significant results, and new hematological and biochemical tests and lymph node cytology by puncture were performed. Cytology revealed cells compatible with neoplastic lymphocytes, resulting in the suspicion of lymphoma. The animal died from general weakness and was sent for autopsy. Macroscopically, generalized lymphadenomegaly and splenomegaly were observed, with multiple nodules and tumor lesions in the splenic parenchyma. There was an irregular nodule in the medullary layer of the right kidney. The liver and lungs were slightly enlarged, with petechiae and multifocal suffusions. Histopathological evaluation of different organ specimens revealed intense proliferation of the neoplastic lymphoid cells, invading the adjacent tissues, with moderate cellular pleomorphism. Immunohistochemistry of the lymph node sections with neoplastic infiltration revealed multicentric T-cell lymphoma. In horses, cases of lymphomas are rare and should be differentiated from other causes that induce lymphadenomegaly in this species.(AU)

Uma potra da raça crioula, com dois anos de idade foi encaminhada para avaliação clínica com suspeita de infecção por Streptococcus equi. A paciente apresentava emagrecimento progressivo e aumento dos linfonodos submandibulares, retrofaríngeos e pré-crurais. A potra foi submetida a exames clínicos gerais e de laboratório, apresentando desidratação, anemia, leucopenia, hiperfibrinogenemia e trombocitopenia. O tratamento inicial para adenite equina não obteve resultados significativos, e novos exames hematológicos, bioquímicos e citologia da punção de linfonodos foram realizados. O resultado da citologia revelou células compatíveis com linfócitos neoplásicos, o que levou a suspeita de linfoma. O animal morreu em consequência da debilidade de seu estado geral e foi encaminhado para necropsia. Macroscopicamente, observou-se linfadenomegalia generalizada, esplenomegalia com múltiplos nódulos no parênquima do baço, bem como lesões tumorais caracterizadas por rim direito apresentando nódulo irregular na camada medular, fígado levemente aumentado e pulmões com petéquias e sufusões multifocais. Amostras de variados órgãos foram submetidos a avaliação histopatológica, a qual revelou intensa proliferação de células linfoides neoplásicas com invasão de tecidos adjacentes com moderado pleomorfismo celular. Secções de linfonodos com infiltrado neoplásico foram submetidas à avaliação imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) a qual determinou tratar-se de linfoma de células T multicêntrico. Em equinos, esse tipo de neoplasma é pouco frequente e deve ser diferenciado de outras causas que induzem linfadenomegalia nessa espécie.(AU)

Linfoma leucemizado em felino coinfectado com os vírus da imunodeficiência felina e da leucemia felina: relato de caso / Lymphoma in leukemic phase in feline coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus: case report

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo relatar um caso de linfoma leucemizado em um felino coinfectado com os vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e o da leucemia felina (FeLV). Foram realizados exames de hemograma, contagem de reticulócitos, mielograma, bioquímica, teste de imunocromatografia para FIV e FeLV, imunofluorescência indireta (IFA) para FeLV, radiografia torácica e citologia renal. Esse último exame revelou um linfoma extranodal. Foi determinante para a conclusão diagnóstica a associação dos sinais clínicos corroborados com a infiltração de elevada quantidade de células linfoblásticas na medula óssea, exibindo critérios citomorfológicos de malignidade, como mitoses atípicas, relacionadas à presença de corpúsculos linfoglandulares e material hematopoiético inter-relacionado. O linfoma é uma neoplasia relativamente comum em felinos, entretanto, a apresentação leucemizada é rara, podendo representar um desafio diagnóstico clínico, o que torna fundamental a inclusão da citologia medular na prática clínica dessa espécie.(AU)

The present study aimed to report a case of lymphoma in leukemic phase in feline coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Blood counts, reticulocyte counts, bone marrow avaluation, biochemistry, immunochromatography assay for FIV and FeLV, indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) for FeLV, thoracic radiography and renal citology were performed. This last examination revealed extranodal lymphoma. The association of the clinical signs with the infiltration of a high number of lymphoblastic cells in the bone marrow with cytomorphological criteria of malignancy, atypical mitoses, lymphoglandular corpuscles and hematopoietic material were determinant for the diagnostic conclusion. Lymphoma is a relatively common neoplasm in felines, however the leukemic phase is rare and may represent a clinical diagnostic challenge, making it essential to include bone marrow cytology in the clinical practice of this species.(AU)

Linfoma leucemizado em felino coinfectado com os vírus da imunodeficiência felina e da leucemia felina: relato de caso / Lymphoma in leukemic phase in feline coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus: case report

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo relatar um caso de linfoma leucemizado em um felino coinfectado com os vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e o da leucemia felina (FeLV). Foram realizados exames de hemograma, contagem de reticulócitos, mielograma, bioquímica, teste de imunocromatografia para FIV e FeLV, imunofluorescência indireta (IFA) para FeLV, radiografia torácica e citologia renal. Esse último exame revelou um linfoma extranodal. Foi determinante para a conclusão diagnóstica a associação dos sinais clínicos corroborados com a infiltração de elevada quantidade de células linfoblásticas na medula óssea, exibindo critérios citomorfológicos de malignidade, como mitoses atípicas, relacionadas à presença de corpúsculos linfoglandulares e material hematopoiético inter-relacionado. O linfoma é uma neoplasia relativamente comum em felinos, entretanto, a apresentação leucemizada é rara, podendo representar um desafio diagnóstico clínico, o que torna fundamental a inclusão da citologia medular na prática clínica dessa espécie.(AU)

The present study aimed to report a case of lymphoma in leukemic phase in feline coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Blood counts, reticulocyte counts, bone marrow avaluation, biochemistry, immunochromatography assay for FIV and FeLV, indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) for FeLV, thoracic radiography and renal citology were performed. This last examination revealed extranodal lymphoma. The association of the clinical signs with the infiltration of a high number of lymphoblastic cells in the bone marrow with cytomorphological criteria of malignancy, atypical mitoses, lymphoglandular corpuscles and hematopoietic material were determinant for the diagnostic conclusion. Lymphoma is a relatively common neoplasm in felines, however the leukemic phase is rare and may represent a clinical diagnostic challenge, making it essential to include bone marrow cytology in the clinical practice of this species.(AU)

Neoplasia do plexo braquial com infiltração medular / Brachial plexus neoplasia with spinal cord infiltration: report case

Tumores originados no sistema nervoso periférico não são comuns na clínica veterinária e seu diagnóstico é difícil. Por ser uma patologia de curso lento e insidioso muitos profissionais demoram a suspeitar dos tumores de plexo braquial, retardando muito o diagnóstico e tratamento. Os sinais clínicos observados são claudicação, dor à palpação axilar,monoparesia e, em casos mais graves, com infiltração neoplásica na medula espinhal, o paciente pode apresentar tetraparesia. Foi atendida uma cadela fox paulistinha com 10 anos de idade apresentando tetraparesia não ambulatória. O exame clínico foi sugestivo de uma lesão de medula espinhal (C6-T2), suspeitando-se de doença do disco intervertebral ou neoplasia medular. A mielografia foi realizada e mostrou compressão caudal a C6. O animal foi então submetido àhemilaminectomia para descompressão, sendo observada infiltração neoplásica das raízes nervosas na medula espinhal impossível de ser resseccionada. O paciente foi eutanasiado. O plexo braquial, os nervos espinhais e a medula foram colhidos e enviados para examehistopatológico, confirmando-se o diagnóstico de tumor maligno de bainhade nervo periférico (TMNP). O presente relato mostrou um caso cujo curso clínico da doença foi atípico, dificultando o diagnóstico. Conclui-se que sempre se deve considerar a possibilidade de neoplasias de plexo braquial em pacientes com histórico de claudicação crônica de membros torácicos não responsiva a repouso e anti-inflamatórios.

Primary tumour of peripheral nerves are not common in veterinary practice and its diagnosis is difficult. Being a condition of slow and insidious course many professionals are slow to suspect the brachial plexus tumors, delaying diagnosis and treatment. The clinical signs observed in this disease are lameness, pain axillary palpation, monoparesis and in severe cases with neoplastic infiltration in the spinalcord, the patient may experience tertraparesia. A female dog Fox Paulistinha with 10-year-old was met with tetraparesia not ambulatory. Clinical examination was suggestive of a spinal cord injury (C6-T2),suspected presence of disc herniation and spinal cord cancer. The myelography was performed and showed compressive C6 flow. The animal was then subjected to a decompression Hemilaminectomy being observed neoplastic infiltration of the nerve roots in the spinal cord impossible to beresected. The patient was euthanized, the brachial plexus, the spinal nerves and the affected spinal cord were collected and sent for histopathological examination, confirming the diagnosis of malignantperipheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) in the brachial plexus. This report shows a brachial plexus tumors case whose clinical course of the disease was atypical making diagnosis difficult. The conclusion is that youshould always consider the brachial plexus tumors in patients with a history of chronic lameness forelimbs unresponsive to rest and anti-inflammatory.

Neoplasia do plexo braquial com infiltração medular / Brachial plexus neoplasia with spinal cord infiltration: report case

Tumores originados no sistema nervoso periférico não são comuns na clínica veterinária e seu diagnóstico é difícil. Por ser uma patologia de curso lento e insidioso muitos profissionais demoram a suspeitar dos tumores de plexo braquial, retardando muito o diagnóstico e tratamento. Os sinais clínicos observados são claudicação, dor à palpação axilar,monoparesia e, em casos mais graves, com infiltração neoplásica na medula espinhal, o paciente pode apresentar tetraparesia. Foi atendida uma cadela fox paulistinha com 10 anos de idade apresentando tetraparesia não ambulatória. O exame clínico foi sugestivo de uma lesão de medula espinhal (C6-T2), suspeitando-se de doença do disco intervertebral ou neoplasia medular. A mielografia foi realizada e mostrou compressão caudal a C6. O animal foi então submetido àhemilaminectomia para descompressão, sendo observada infiltração neoplásica das raízes nervosas na medula espinhal impossível de ser resseccionada. O paciente foi eutanasiado. O plexo braquial, os nervos espinhais e a medula foram colhidos e enviados para examehistopatológico, confirmando-se o diagnóstico de tumor maligno de bainhade nervo periférico (TMNP). O presente relato mostrou um caso cujo curso clínico da doença foi atípico, dificultando o diagnóstico. Conclui-se que sempre se deve considerar a possibilidade de neoplasias de plexo braquial em pacientes com histórico de claudicação crônica de membros torácicos não responsiva a repouso e anti-inflamatórios.(AU)

Primary tumour of peripheral nerves are not common in veterinary practice and its diagnosis is difficult. Being a condition of slow and insidious course many professionals are slow to suspect the brachial plexus tumors, delaying diagnosis and treatment. The clinical signs observed in this disease are lameness, pain axillary palpation, monoparesis and in severe cases with neoplastic infiltration in the spinalcord, the patient may experience tertraparesia. A female dog Fox Paulistinha with 10-year-old was met with tetraparesia not ambulatory. Clinical examination was suggestive of a spinal cord injury (C6-T2),suspected presence of disc herniation and spinal cord cancer. The myelography was performed and showed compressive C6 flow. The animal was then subjected to a decompression Hemilaminectomy being observed neoplastic infiltration of the nerve roots in the spinal cord impossible to beresected. The patient was euthanized, the brachial plexus, the spinal nerves and the affected spinal cord were collected and sent for histopathological examination, confirming the diagnosis of malignantperipheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) in the brachial plexus. This report shows a brachial plexus tumors case whose clinical course of the disease was atypical making diagnosis difficult. The conclusion is that youshould always consider the brachial plexus tumors in patients with a history of chronic lameness forelimbs unresponsive to rest and anti-inflammatory.(AU)

Spinal cord anaplastic meningioma with extra-neural metastasis in a cat / Meningioma anaplásico medular com metástases extra-neurais em um felino

Meningiomas are the most frequent neoplasms involving the brain in dogs and cats, and are occasionally observed in the spinal cord. They cause compression of the central nervous system; however, do not infiltrate the neuropile and rarely metastasize to other organs. The present study describes a case of anaplastic spinal meningioma with extra neural metastasis in a 20 years-old cat. Clinically, the feline presented a clinical history of 120 days with paresis of the hind limbs and loss of the tails movements, with subsequent death. At necropsy, there was an irregular and soft whitish mass involving the meninges from the lumbar intumescence to the sacral region of the spinal cord. Similar white nodular masses were observed in the lungs, liver and kidneys. Microscopically, both were composed of a poorly limited and infiltrative neoplastic proliferation composed by spindle, round and epithelioid cells, with a high cellular pleomorphism. On IHC, there was a severe immunostaining for vimentin and S100. Histopathologic and IHC analysis are important tools for definitive diagnosis of meningiomas in cats, and differentiation of other common neurologic disorders in these animals.(AU)

Meningiomas são neoplasias frequentes no encéfalo de cães e gatos e ocasionalmente observadas em medula espinhal. Causam, geralmente, compressão do sistema nervoso central, todavia não infiltram o neurópilo e raramente fazem metástases a outros órgãos. Este trabalho descreve um caso de meningioma anaplásico espinhal com metástases extra-neurais em um felino de 20 anos de idade. Clinicamente, o felino apresentou um quadro de paresia dos membros pélvicos e perda dos movimentos da cauda com evolução de 120 dias, vindo a óbito. À necropsia, apresentava massa irregular, macia e brancacenta envolvendo as meninges da intumescência lombar à região sacral da medula espinhal. Áreas nodulares esbranquiçadas similares foram observadas nos pulmões, fígado e rins. Histologicamente, ambas consistiam em proliferação neoplásica não delimitada e infiltrativa de células fusiformes, arredondadas a epitelioides, com um alto pleomorfismo celular. À IHQ, exibiam acentuada marcação para vimentina e S100. As análises histopatológica e IHQ são importantes ferramentas para obter-se o diagnóstico definitivo de meningiomas em felinos, e permitem diferenciar a condição de outras afecções neurológicas comuns nesses animais.(AU)

Compressão de medula espinhal ocasionada por melanoma em cavalo de pelagem castanha / Spinal cord compression caused by melanoma in brown coat horse

This paper describes a case of malignant melanoma in brown coat horse, which had ataxia and proprioceptive deficits in hind limbs, progressing to permanent decubitus. The animal was euthanized and the final diagnosis was based on necropsy and histopathology. At necropsy different masses and / or nodules in skeletal muscle, bone, abdominal cavity, lungs, heart, spleen, liver, adrenal gland, lymph nodes, brain and cerebellum were found. Neurological clinical signs presented by the animal were justified by spinal cord compression caused by melanocytic mass invading the medullary canal of the flow segment of the thoracic spine (between 15th and 18th thoracic vertebrae). This is the first case report of melanoma leading to spinal cord compression in a non-gray horse. Thus, it is important to include this neoplasm in the differential diagnosis list of cutaneous and subcutaneous masses and / or nodules, and in suspected cases of spinal cord compression in horses of any coat.(AU)

Compressão de medula espinhal ocasionada por melanoma em cavalo de pelagem castanha / Spinal cord compression caused by melanoma in brown coat horse

This paper describes a case of malignant melanoma in brown coat horse, which had ataxia and proprioceptive deficits in hind limbs, progressing to permanent decubitus. The animal was euthanized and the final diagnosis was based on necropsy and histopathology. At necropsy different masses and / or nodules in skeletal muscle, bone, abdominal cavity, lungs, heart, spleen, liver, adrenal gland, lymph nodes, brain and cerebellum were found. Neurological clinical signs presented by the animal were justified by spinal cord compression caused by melanocytic mass invading the medullary canal of the flow segment of the thoracic spine (between 15th and 18th thoracic vertebrae). This is the first case report of melanoma leading to spinal cord compression in a non-gray horse. Thus, it is important to include this neoplasm in the differential diagnosis list of cutaneous and subcutaneous masses and / or nodules, and in suspected cases of spinal cord compression in horses of any coat.(AU)

Facial nerve ganglioneuroblastoma in a feline leukemia virus-positive cat

ABSTRACT: Neuroblastic tumors can originate from the central neuraxis, olfactory epithelium, adrenal medullary region or autonomous system. Ganglioneuroblastoma are a type of neuroblastic tumor, with very few case descriptions in animals. Diagnosis of facial nerve ganglioneuroblastoma was made in a feline leukemia virus-positive 11-month-old cat. The cat had hyporexia, left head tilt, depressed mental state, horizontal nystagmus, inability to retract the pinched left lip, anisocoria, ptosis, and absence of the menace reflex. Gross necropsy showed a mass at the left facial nerve root region. Histological examination of this mass showed neoplastic proliferation of neuroblasts arranged in a cohesive pattern and mature ganglion cells. Ganglion cells were positive for neurofilament, neuron-specific enolase, S100, and glial fibrillary acidic protein by immunohistochemistry, while neuroblasts were positive for vimentin, S100, neuron-specific enolase and feline leukemia virus.

RESUMO: Tumores neuroblásticos podem se originar do neuraxis central, do epitélio olfativo, região medular da adrenal ou do sistema autônomo. O ganglioneuroblastoma é um tipo desses tumores, com raras descrições em animais. O diagnóstico de ganglioneuroblastoma de nervo facial foi feito em um gato de 11 meses de idade, sorologicamente positivo para o vírus da leucemia felina. O gato tinha hiporexia, inclinação de cabeça para o lado esquerdo, estado mental deprimido, nistagmo horizontal, incapacidade em retrair o lábio esquerdo quando pinçado, anisocoria, ptose e ausência do reflexo de ameaça. Na necropsia visualizou-se uma massa na região da raiz do nervo facial esquerdo. O exame histológico mostrou proliferação neoplásica de neuroblastos arranjados de maneira coesa, e células ganglionares maduras. As células ganglionares foram imunorreativas na imuno-histoquímica para neurofilamento, enolase neurônio específica, S-100 e proteína ácida glial fibrilar. Enquanto os neuroblastos foram positivos para vimentina, S-100, enolase neurônio específica e vírus da leucemia felina.

Plasmocitoma ósseo solitário em cães: relato de três casos / Solitary osseous plasmocytoma in dogs: a report of three cases

O plasmocitoma ósseo solitário é uma neoplasia incomum, não secretória que pode acometer tanto o esqueleto apendicular como o axial. Os sinais clínicos dos plasmocitomas ósseos incluem dor, claudicação e alterações neurológicas relacionadas à compressão medular. A suspeita diagnóstica é baseada na avaliação radiográfica caracterizada por lesões ósseas líticas e a confirmação diagnóstica é realizada por meio do exame histopatológico, sendo o mieloma múltiplo um dos principais diagnósticos diferenciais. O tratamento para pacientes portadores de plasmocitoma ósseo solitário incluem cirurgias, radioterapia ou ainda tratamento paliativo direcionado para o controle da dor óssea quando a cirurgia não for uma opção viável. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever três casos de plasmocitomas ósseos solitários em cães sendo dois em vértebras lombares, que foram submetidos à remoção cirúrgica e que tiveram boa resposta ao tratamento empregado. Apesar de pouco descrito na literatura, o plasmocitoma ósseo solitário é um importante diferencial para lesões líticas em cães e pode apresentar tempo livre de progressão de doença e sobrevidas superiores a outras neoplasias ósseas como osteossarcoma quando submetidos ao tratamento adequado.

Solitary osseous plasmocytoma (SOP) is an uncommon, non-secretory neoplasm that can affect both the appendicular and axial skeletons. Clinical signs of bone plasmocytomas include pain, lameness and neurological changes related to spinal cord compression. The diagnosis is based on radiographic evaluation characterized by lytic bone lesions and confirmation is through histopathological examination, with multiple myeloma being one of the main differential diagnoses. Treatment of patients with SOP includes surgery, radiation therapy or palliative treatment directed at bone pain control when surgery is not a viable option. The objective of the present report is to describe three cases of SOP, two in lumbar vertebrae that were submitted to surgical removal with good response to the treatment. Although less described in the literature, SOP is an important differential for lytic lesions in dogs and may present disease free interval and survival time superior to other bone neoplasms such as osteosarcoma when submitted to adequate treatment.

Plasmocitoma ósseo solitário em cães: relato de três casos / Solitary osseous plasmocytoma in dogs: a report of three cases

O plasmocitoma ósseo solitário é uma neoplasia incomum, não secretória que pode acometer tanto o esqueleto apendicular como o axial. Os sinais clínicos dos plasmocitomas ósseos incluem dor, claudicação e alterações neurológicas relacionadas à compressão medular. A suspeita diagnóstica é baseada na avaliação radiográfica caracterizada por lesões ósseas líticas e a confirmação diagnóstica é realizada por meio do exame histopatológico, sendo o mieloma múltiplo um dos principais diagnósticos diferenciais. O tratamento para pacientes portadores de plasmocitoma ósseo solitário incluem cirurgias, radioterapia ou ainda tratamento paliativo direcionado para o controle da dor óssea quando a cirurgia não for uma opção viável. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever três casos de plasmocitomas ósseos solitários em cães sendo dois em vértebras lombares, que foram submetidos à remoção cirúrgica e que tiveram boa resposta ao tratamento empregado. Apesar de pouco descrito na literatura, o plasmocitoma ósseo solitário é um importante diferencial para lesões líticas em cães e pode apresentar tempo livre de progressão de doença e sobrevidas superiores a outras neoplasias ósseas como osteossarcoma quando submetidos ao tratamento adequado.(AU)

Solitary osseous plasmocytoma (SOP) is an uncommon, non-secretory neoplasm that can affect both the appendicular and axial skeletons. Clinical signs of bone plasmocytomas include pain, lameness and neurological changes related to spinal cord compression. The diagnosis is based on radiographic evaluation characterized by lytic bone lesions and confirmation is through histopathological examination, with multiple myeloma being one of the main differential diagnoses. Treatment of patients with SOP includes surgery, radiation therapy or palliative treatment directed at bone pain control when surgery is not a viable option. The objective of the present report is to describe three cases of SOP, two in lumbar vertebrae that were submitted to surgical removal with good response to the treatment. Although less described in the literature, SOP is an important differential for lytic lesions in dogs and may present disease free interval and survival time superior to other bone neoplasms such as osteosarcoma when submitted to adequate treatment.(AU)

Facial nerve ganglioneuroblastoma in a feline leukemia virus-positive cat / Ganglioneuroblastoma de nervo facial em um gato infectado pelo vírus da leucemia felina

Neuroblastic tumors can originate from the central neuraxis, olfactory epithelium, adrenal medullary region or autonomous system. Ganglioneuroblastoma are a type of neuroblastic tumor, with very few case descriptions in animals. Diagnosis of facial nerve ganglioneuroblastoma was made in a feline leukemia virus-positive 11-month-old cat. The cat had hyporexia, left head tilt, depressed mental state, horizontal nystagmus, inability to retract the pinched left lip, anisocoria, ptosis, and absence of the menace reflex. Gross necropsy showed a mass at the left facial nerve root region. Histological examination of this mass showed neoplastic proliferation of neuroblasts arranged in a cohesive pattern and mature ganglion cells. Ganglion cells were positive for neurofilament, neuron-specific enolase, S100, and glial fibrillary acidic protein by immunohistochemistry, while neuroblasts were positive for vimentin, S100, neuron-specific enolase and feline leukemia virus.

Tumores neuroblásticos podem se originar do neuraxis central, do epitélio olfativo, região medular da adrenal ou do sistema autônomo. O ganglioneuroblastoma é um tipo desses tumores, com raras descrições em animais. O diagnóstico de ganglioneuroblastoma de nervo facial foi feito em um gato de 11 meses de idade, sorologicamente positivo para o vírus da leucemia felina. O gato tinha hiporexia, inclinação de cabeça para o lado esquerdo, estado mental deprimido, nistagmo horizontal, incapacidade em retrair o lábio esquerdo quando pinçado, anisocoria, ptose e ausência do reflexo de ameaça. Na necropsia visualizou-se uma massa na região da raiz do nervo facial esquerdo. O exame histológico mostrou proliferação neoplásica de neuroblastos arranjados de maneira coesa, e células ganglionares maduras. As células ganglionares foram imunorreativas na imuno-histoquímica para neurofilamento, enolase neurônio específica, S-100 e proteína ácida glial fibrilar. Enquanto os neuroblastos foram positivos para vimentina, S-100, enolase neurônio específica e vírus da leucemia felina.

Facial nerve ganglioneuroblastoma in a feline leukemia virus-positive cat / Ganglioneuroblastoma de nervo facial em um gato infectado pelo vírus da leucemia felina

Neuroblastic tumors can originate from the central neuraxis, olfactory epithelium, adrenal medullary region or autonomous system. Ganglioneuroblastoma are a type of neuroblastic tumor, with very few case descriptions in animals. Diagnosis of facial nerve ganglioneuroblastoma was made in a feline leukemia virus-positive 11-month-old cat. The cat had hyporexia, left head tilt, depressed mental state, horizontal nystagmus, inability to retract the pinched left lip, anisocoria, ptosis, and absence of the menace reflex. Gross necropsy showed a mass at the left facial nerve root region. Histological examination of this mass showed neoplastic proliferation of neuroblasts arranged in a cohesive pattern and mature ganglion cells. Ganglion cells were positive for neurofilament, neuron-specific enolase, S100, and glial fibrillary acidic protein by immunohistochemistry, while neuroblasts were positive for vimentin, S100, neuron-specific enolase and feline leukemia virus.(AU)

Tumores neuroblásticos podem se originar do neuraxis central, do epitélio olfativo, região medular da adrenal ou do sistema autônomo. O ganglioneuroblastoma é um tipo desses tumores, com raras descrições em animais. O diagnóstico de ganglioneuroblastoma de nervo facial foi feito em um gato de 11 meses de idade, sorologicamente positivo para o vírus da leucemia felina. O gato tinha hiporexia, inclinação de cabeça para o lado esquerdo, estado mental deprimido, nistagmo horizontal, incapacidade em retrair o lábio esquerdo quando pinçado, anisocoria, ptose e ausência do reflexo de ameaça. Na necropsia visualizou-se uma massa na região da raiz do nervo facial esquerdo. O exame histológico mostrou proliferação neoplásica de neuroblastos arranjados de maneira coesa, e células ganglionares maduras. As células ganglionares foram imunorreativas na imuno-histoquímica para neurofilamento, enolase neurônio específica, S-100 e proteína ácida glial fibrilar. Enquanto os neuroblastos foram positivos para vimentina, S-100, enolase neurônio específica e vírus da leucemia felina.(AU)

Intraoperative ultrasonography of the vertebral canal in dogs / Ultrassonografia intraoperatória do canal vertebral em cães

Intraoperative ultrasound (IOS) can provide details on various conditions of the spinal cord and vertebral canal. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using IOS in dogs undergoing spinal surgery and to describe the main findings. The vertebral canal of 21 dogs was examined with intraoperative ultrasonography: 13 underwent spinal surgery for removal of herniated intervertebral disc material, three for stabilization of vertebral fracture/luxation, two for removal of vertebral neoplasia, and three for cauda equina decompression. Particular attention was given to signs of cord compression. Intraoperative ultrasonography was feasible and useful in dogs undergoing surgery for spinal cord or cauda equina decompression and fracture stabilization. It was not paramount for locating the compression when this had been done via computed tomography (CT), but it showed alterations in spinal cord parenchyma not observed on CT and also confirmed adequate decompression of the spinal cord. The main advantages of intraoperative ultrasonography were estimation of vascularization and extent of spinal cord lesion. Most importantly, it allowed real time evaluation of the spinal cord and vertebral canal, which permits the modification of the surgical procedure(AU)

A ultrassonografia intraoperatória pode fornecer detalhes sobre diversas condições da medula espinal e canal vertebral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade da utilização da ultrassonografia intraoperatória em cães submetidos à cirurgia espinomedular e descrever os principais achados. O canal vertebral de 21 cães foi examinado com ultrassonografia intraoperatória - 13 foram submetidos à cirurgia para remoção de material de disco herniado, três para estabilização de fratura/luxação vertebral, dois para remoção de neoplasia vertebral e três para descompressão de cauda equina. Atenção especial foi dada a sinais de compressão medular. A ultrassonografia intraoperatória foi viável e útil em cães submetidos a cirurgia para descompressão da medula espinal ou cauda equina e estabilização de fratura. Apesar de não ser indispensável para localização da compressão quando isso havia sido feito através de tomografia computadorizada (TC), demonstrou alterações no parênquima que não haviam sido observadas pela TC e confirmou a adequada descompressão da medula espinhal. As principais vantagens da ultrassonografia intraoperatória foram: estimar a vascularização e a extensão da lesão medular. Principalmente, permitiu uma avaliação em tempo real da medula espinal e do canal vertebral, o que permite modificação do procedimento cirúrgico(AU)

Clinical and pathological aspects of peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the brachial plexus with spinal cord canal infiltration in a dog / Aspectos clínico-patológicos da neoplasia da bainha de mielina no plexo braquial com infiltração do canal medular em um cão

Background: Primary neoplasms of peripheral nerves are uncommon in domestic animals and are mainly represented by nerve sheath tumors. They occur especially in the peripheral nerves of the brachial plexus, and may occasionally invade and compress the spinal cord. Initial clinical diagnosis is challenging, since the main clinical sign is a progressive claudication, whose origin, neurogenic or musculoskeletal, is not usually defined. The objective of this report is to describe clinical, ultrasonographic, tomographic and histopathological findings in a peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the brachial plexus of a dog, to assist clinicians making an early diagnosis, so patients can attain longer survival.Case: A 9-year-old, male, intact, Dachshund was presented to a veterinary neurologist with a history of lameness of the right forelimb onset five months ago. The condition progressed slowly to right hemiparesis and proprioceptive ataxia. Clinical and neurological findings included right hemiparesis, proprioceptive ataxia and proprioceptive deficits with decreased flexor reflex and marked atrophy of the right forelimb. Palpation of the right axilla allowed identification of a firm 1 x 3 cm mass, with intense hyperesthesia. Ultrasound examination of the right axilla revealed hypoechoic tubular mass of 1.5 x 3 cm (Figure 1). Once the animal presented signs of ataxia and paresis to the...(AU)

As neoplasias primárias dos nervos periféricos são infrequentes nos animais domésticos e são representadas, principalmente pelas neoplasias da bainha de mielina [1,2,13]. Podem originar-se nos nervos cranianos, espinhais e, principalmente, nos nervos periféricos ou raízes do plexo braquial, na qual, ocasionalmente, infiltram no canal medular e comprimem a medula espinhal [1,9]. O diagnóstico clínico inicial é desafiador, visto que o principal sinal clínico observado é uma claudicação progressiva, cuja origem, neurogê- nica ou músculo-esquelética, é difícil de ser esclarecida [3,6]. Com isso, na maioria das vezes, o diagnóstico é tardio, tornando, geralmente, o prognóstico desfavorá- vel. Exames complementares como ultrassonografia e tomografia computadorizada auxiliam no diagnóstico precoce [3,5,8-10]. O objetivo desse relato é descrever as alterações clínicas, ultrassonográficas, tomográficas e histopatológicas da neoplasia em bainha de mielina localizada no plexo braquial de um cão, visando auxiliar o clínico a realizar um diagnóstico precoce e possibilitar uma maior sobrevida aos pacientes...(AU)