Resumo
Background: Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) is a neurological disease in ruminants, which is characterized by malacia of brain gray matter. Thiamine deficiency and sulfur intoxication are the most common causes of PEM in sheep. Affected animals present signs of cerebrocortical syndrome, including amaurosis, ataxia, head pressing, mental depression, seizures, and opisthotonus. The neurological examination aims to determine the neurolocalization of the lesions and advanced imaging techniques are useful for confirming the affected area(s) in the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to describe clinical features and ante-mortem diagnosis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a sheep with PEM. Case: A 18-month-old male Dorper sheep from a flock started receiving concentrate 7 days before. According to the owner, no clinical signs of abnormality were observed on the previous morning. However, in the afternoon, the animal became selfisolated and did not follow the flock to the sheepfold. The following day, he was found in recumbency. Physical examination revealed lateral recumbency, rectal temperature 39.5ºC, 52 bpm, 120 bpm, congested mucous membranes, capillary refill time 1 s, ruminal (4/5 min) and intestinal hypomotility. The assessment of the central nervous system revealed a decreased level of consciousness, focal seizures, opisthotonus, and absence of menace response. The following differential diagnoses were listed: PEM, head trauma, focal symmetrical encephalomalacia, bacterial encephalitis, and rabies. Treatment was composed of dexamethasone [0.2 mg/kg - i.v., SID (1st-3rd day), 0.1 mg/kg, i.v., SID (4th-6th day), and 0.05 mg/kg, i.v., SID (7th-9th day)]; mannitol [1 g/kg - i.v. and diazepam 0.4 mg/kg, i.v. single dose at admission]; vitamin B1 [10 mg/kg - i.m., SID], furosemide [1 mg/kg - i.v., SID for 3 days] and sulfadoxine/trimethoprim [30 mg/kg - i.m., SID for 10 days]. After the initial treatment, the patient showed mild clinical improvement; however, the amaurosis was still present. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed on the 2nd day of hospitalization, showing a symmetrical hypersignal in the parietal and occipital cortices, in the axial and sagittal sequences weighted in T2 and FLAIR. Discussion: This study aimed to describe the clinical signs and MRI findings in a sheep with PEM. In this case, the sudden change to the feed composition probably led to ruminal dysbiosis, inhibition of thiamine-producing microorganisms and proliferation of bacteria that synthesize thiaminase. Thiamine therapy proved to be effective and capable of reverting the clinical signs. The decrease in the level of consciousness, cortical blindness, and opisthotonus are due to alterations in the parietal cortex, in the occipital cortex, and in the cerebellum, respectively, which were demonstrated by hypersignal areas in the MRI. Therefore, the neurolocalization of the lesion based on neurologic examination and the MRI findings were related. The physicochemical and cytological evaluations of the cerebrospinal fluid, and dosage of thiamine and the concentration of hydrogen sulphide in the rumen were not performed. However, the response to thiamine treatment associated with the neurologic examination and MRI findings helped in determining the diagnosis. Additionally, MRI can be used as a useful tool for the ante mortem diagnosis of PEM.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Deficiência de Tiamina/veterinária , Ovinos , Encefalomalacia/veterinária , Encefalomalacia/diagnóstico por imagem , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Necrose/veterinária , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/veterináriaResumo
Introduction: The foramen magnum is located in the occipital bone and communicates the cranial cavity with the spinal canal of the vertebral column. Variations in the shape and size of this foramen, such as the presence of a notch in its dorsal contour, characterize occipital dysplasia and may occur due to a defect in the supraoccipital bone ossification process during the gestational period. Occipital dysplasia has been reported primarily in small, toy, and brachycephalic breeds, and its clinical relevance remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the size of the foramen magnum in asymptomatic dogs of small and toy breeds. Materials, Methods & Results: The study was conducted at the Veterinary Hospital of the Center for Rural Health and Technology of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos Campus, located in Paraíba state, Brazil. Twelve (n = 12) asymptomatic, small and toy breed dogs, with variable sex and over 10 months of age, were referred to the Veterinary Hospital for elective surgical procedures and were used in this study. All dogs underwent complete neurological examination to confirm the asymptomatic status and were radiographed in rostrocaudal position, with their mouths closed and the hard palate at an angle of approximately 70º to 80º with the table of the X-ray apparatus. The foramen magnum of each specimen was evaluated in the radiographs using a precision caliper. The analyzed parameters included height (H), the height of the dorsal notch (N), total height (H+N), and width (W), and the obtained data were used to establish the degree of occipital dysplasia and determine the shape of the foramen magnum. Of the 12 animals studied, 75% (n = 9) exhibited a dorsal notch in the foramen magnum, which varied between 3.00 and 10.00 millimeters (mm) in height, characterizing occipital dysplasia. Among the affected animals, 77.77% (n = 7) were classified as grade 1 for the alteration, 11.11% (n = 1) as grade 2 and one animal (11.11%) as grade 3. The prevalent shape observed for the foramen magnum was oval (83.3%). Discussion: Although occipital dysplasia has been associated with the occurrence of nonspecific neurological clinical signs, such as tremors, ataxia, and epileptic seizures, the presence of this alteration in asymptomatic dogs indicates that the formation alone is just an anatomical variation, as demonstrated herein and in previous studies conducted over the past few years. This hypothesis has been increasingly supported by scientific evidence through publications that portray occipital dysplasia in dogs of various breeds and sizes without clinical manifestations. The clinical signs attributed to occipital dysplasia may originate in situations where there is a coexistence of other conditions. Occipital dysplasia has been reported several times in conjunction with other pathologies, such as occipital hypoplasia and syringomyelia, in symptomatic dogs. The dorsal notch-shaped occipital defect is covered by a fibrous tissue membrane in dogs affected by occipital dysplasia. The presence of this soft tissue membrane has been related to the late onset of syringomyelia due to the decompressive effect that it provides to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. When occipital dysplasia is identified in symptomatic dogs, it is suggested that the lesion be correctly located within the nervous system and that, according to its neurolocalization, a thorough investigation of other underlying causes for the occurrence of the neurological clinical manifestation be carried out. To date, there is no evidence characterizing occipital dysplasia as a single entity causing neurological deficits.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Forame Magno/anatomia & histologia , Osso Occipital/anatomia & histologia , Osso Occipital/patologiaResumo
O acesso ao espaço epidural para um bloqueio anestésico seguro e efetivo é um desafio na anestesia de coelhos. A precisão na localização do espaço e no volume anestésico minimizam danos locais e efeitos sistêmicos deletérios. Objetivou com o estudo avaliar a eficácia da técnica de localização do espaço epidural em coelhos (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) com auxílio do estimulador de nervo periférico (ENP) e analisar a progressão do contraste ioexol pelo canal medular por meio de epidurografia, comparando duas técnicas de determinação do volume infundido. Seis coelhos adultos, raça Nova Zelândia Branco, foram submetidos a avaliação clínica e laboratorial. Transportados até o local do experimento, aclimatados por duas horas, e contidos fisicamente para aplicação intramuscular da associação de cloridrato de cetamina 10% (30 mg kg-¹) e midazolam 0,5% (1 mg kg-¹). Após 15 minutos, a veia cefálica foi canulada para indução e manutenção anestésica com propofol (3 mg kg-¹) e fluidoterapia. Ao plano cirúrgico iniciou-se o estudo para localização do espaço epidural com animal em decúbito esternal. No tratamento GI, o volume do ioexol foi instituído pelo peso em quilo de cada coelho sob a fórmula: 0,33 ml x peso. No tratamento GII, realizado oito dias após o tratamento GI, o volume foi instituído pelo comprimento da coluna vertebral em centímetros, distância compreendida entre o osso occipital e a primeira vértebra coccígea (Loc), sob a fórmula: 0,05 ml x Loc. As radiografias da coluna vertebral foram obtidas nas projeções latero-lateral direita e ventrodorsal, aos 5 e 25 minutos após a injeção do contraste ioexol no espaço epidural lombossacro. O volume médio de contraste no GI foi 1,02 ml ( 0,22) e no GII foi 2,10 ml ( 0,14), a média do peso foi 3,23 kg ( 0,69) e do comprimento de coluna foi 42 cm ( 2,83). A quantidade de vértebras lombares foi em média 7,33 ( 0,52). No grupo I (n=6), aos 5 minutos, os limites craniais da progressão do contraste variaram entre L4 e L5 e caudalmente entre L7 e S1. No grupo II (n=5), aos 5 minutos, os limites craniais da progressão do contraste variaram entre T10 e L5 e caudalmente entre S1 e S3. Em ambos os grupos, aos 25 minutos, não se observou a presença do contraste no canal medular. Em um coelho do grupo II foi observado a presença do contraste no espaço subdural em ambas as projeções radiográficas aos 5 e 25 minutos. O regime elétrico foi de 0,25 mA e a injeção do contraste durou 60 segundos. A média geral da frequência respiratória foi 52 mpm ( 21,27), frequência cardíaca 236 bpm ( 51,54), temperatura retal 37,3 ºC ( 0,87), hematócrito 34,17 % ( 3,19), hemoglobina 11 g/dL ( 0,96) e proteína 6,93 g/dL ( 2,08). Concluiu-se com esse estudo que a localização do espaço epidural lombossacro em coelho utilizando o estímulo elétrico de 0,25 mA do neuroestimulador foi eficaz em 91,67 % dos eventos (11 de 12) e o volume de 0,33 ml por quilo apresentou projeção cranial mais estável
Access to the epidural space for a safe and effective anesthetic block is a challenge in rabbit anesthesia. Precision in space location and anesthetic volume minimize local damage and deleterious systemic effects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the epidural space localization technique in rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) with the aid of a peripheral nerve stimulator (ENP) and to analyze the propagation of ioexol contrast through the spinal canal by means of epidurography, comparing two determination techniques of the infused volume. Six adult New Zealand White rabbits underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation. Transported to the experimental site, acclimated for two hours, and physically contained for intramuscular application of the association of 10% ketamine hydrochloride (30 mg kg-¹) and 0.5% midazolam (1 mg kg-¹). After 15 minutes, the cephalic vein was cannulated for anesthetic induction and maintenance with propofol (3 mg kg-¹) and fluid therapy. At the surgical plan, the study for the location of the epidural space was started with the animal in sternal decubitus. In the GI treatment, the volume of iohexol was established by the weight in kilograms of each rabbit under the formula: 0.33 ml x weight. In the GII treatment, performed eight days after the GI treatment, the volume was established by the length of the spine in centimeters, the distance between the occipital bone and the first coccygeal vertebra (Loc), under the formula: 0.05 ml x Loc. Spinal radiographs were taken in the right lateral and ventrodorsal projections, at 5 and 25 minutes after the injection of ioexol contrast into the lumbosacral epidural space. The mean volume of contrast in GI was 1.02 ml ( 0.22) and in GII it was 2.10 ml ( 0.14), the mean weight was 3.23 kg ( 0.69) and column length was 42 cm ( 2.83). The number of vertebrae was on average 7.33 ( 0.52). In group I (n=6), at 5 minutes, the cranial limits of contrast propagation varied between L4 and L5 and caudally between L7 and S1. In group II (n=5), at 5 minutes, the cranial limits of contrast propagation varied between T10 and L5 and caudally between S1 and S3. In both groups, at 25 minutes, the presence of contrast in the spinal canal was not observed. In a rabbit from group II, the presence of contrast in the subarachnoid space was observed in both radiographic projections at 5 and 25 minutes. The electrical regime of the ENP was 0.25 mA and the contrast injection lasted 60 seconds. The overall mean respiratory rate was 52 mpm ( 21.27), heart rate 236 bpm ( 51.54), rectal temperature 37.3 ºC ( 0.87), hematocrit 34.17% ( 3.19), hemoglobin 11 g/dL ( 0.96) and protein 6.93 g/dL ( 2.08). It was concluded with this study that the localization of the lumbosacral epidural space in rabbits using the electrical stimulus of 0.25 mA from the neurostimulator was effective in 91.67% (11 of 12 and the volume of 0.33 ml per kilo showed a more stable cranial projection
Resumo
Mielopatias causam dor, dificuldade locomotora e incontinência urinária. O exame neurológico neurolocaliza lesão e apresentação clínica auxilia na elaboração de diagnósticos diferenciais. Porém, para realizar diagnóstico e tratamento são necessários exames complementares. Atualmente, destacam-se a tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética, porém são exames pouco disponíveis e a mielografia ainda é o exame mais utilizado. Por exigir administração intratecal de contraste, inúmeros efeitos adversos podem ocorrer. O mais comum e estudado são convulsões. Até o momento, não há estudos correlacionando superfície corporal e comprimento de coluna com dose utilizada e convulsões. Objetivou-se determinar dose do contraste Iohexol (300 mg/ml) por área de superfície corporal (ml/m²) e comprimento de coluna (ml/cm) em cães submetidos a mielografia. Examinou-se cães de diversas raças, com idade maior ou igual a um ano com mielopatia e indicação para mielografia. Previamente à mielografia fez-se estudo radiográfico simples da coluna vertebral (VD e LL) com seis pontos de centralização do feixe de raio-X. Fez-se punção lombar e injetou-se contraste de forma fracionada (0,1ml/kg) até ter preenchido todo contorno medular. A progressão do contraste foi acompanhada por radiografias LL. Posteriormente, calculou-se dose pela superfície corporal e pelo comprimento da coluna vertebral. Também se anotou inúmeros dados, entre eles: idade, raça, sexo, peso, escore corporal, dose de contraste (ml/kg), volume total de contraste, duração da mielografia, duração da anestesia, duração da anestesia do momento da injeção de contraste até recuperação e ocorrência de convulsões. Análise estatística foi feita com inúmeros testes (p< 0,05). Fez-se 47 mielografias, excluiu-se 15. Dos 32 cães: 16 fêmeas e 16 machos, idade variando de 3 a 15 anos, peso variando de 3,3 a 47,9 kg, escore corporal variando de 3 a 9. Desses, 14 manifestaram convulsões (43,75%). Ao comparar-se cães com e sem convulsão não foram obtidas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em peso, superfície corporal, idade, sexo, escore corporal, volume total, dose por superfície corporal, dose c. col. fita e dose c.col LL. Dose por quilograma foi maior no grupo sem convulsão essa diferença foi estatisticamente significativa (P=0,044). Duração da anestesia variou de 53 a 177 minutos, duração da mielografia variou de 26 a 93 minutos e tempo entre injeção do contraste e recuperação anestésica variou de 22 a 82 minutos não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre eles. Houve correlação estatística entre as diferentes variáveis de comprimento de coluna (P<0,001). Todas as medidas de comprimento de coluna e superfície corporal foram boas para predizer o VT. Aferição através de RXLL TL teve maior valor (= 0,81) e dela elabourou-se Fórmula VT. Sua acurácia para prever o VT foi 21,87%, enquanto a acurácia do VT pelo peso foi 3,12%. Conclui-se haver equivalência entre diferentes formas de medir a coluna vertebral. Ademais, tanto peso, superfície corporal quanto o comprimento de coluna são métodos não acurados para calcular o VT. Nem comprimento de coluna, nem superfície corporal são fatores relacionados a ocorrência de convulsões.
Myelopathies cause pain, motor dysfunction, and urinary incontinence. Neurolocalization is made by neurological exam and clinical presentation helps in the differentials diagnosis list. Ancillary exams are necessary to achieve diagnosis and treatment. Currently, CT scan and magnetic resonance image are the first choice image modalities for myelopathies, but these modalities aren´t available in most developing countries. In these places, myelography still is the main choice exam. Since intrathecally contrast is needed, many side effects can occur. The most common and studied are post myelography seizures. There isnt any study describing the contrast volume calculated by body surface and spine length and its correlation to seizures. The aim of this research is to determine iohexol (300 mg/ml) dose in myelography calculated using body surface (ml/m²) and spine length (ml/cm) in dogs. Dogs of different breeds aged over one year old and with a clinical recommendation to perform myelography were enrolled. Simple x-rays with six centralization points were taken before myelography. Lumbar puncture was performed and iohexol was injected in a fractionated fashion (0,1mg/kg) until all spinal cord contour was painted. Contrast progression was monitored by later lateral x-rays and total volume (TV) was recorded. Then body surface dosage and spine length dosage were calculated. Age, breed, sex, weight, body score, contrast dosage (ml/kg), TV, myelography duration, anesthesia duration, the time between iohexol injection and recovery and whether a seizure occurred were recorded. Statistical analysis was made with many tests (p< 0,05). Forty-seven myelographies were made. Fifteen were excluded. Of the thirty-two dogs: 16 females and 16 males, weighing 3,3 to 47,9 kg, body score between 3 a 9. Fourteen (43,75%) dogs seized. There was no statistical difference in weight, body surface, age, sex body score, TV, body surface dosage, spine length dosage (tape) and spine length dosage (c.col LL) between groups. The kilogram dosage was higher in seizure-free dogs and this difference was statistically relevant (P=0,044). Anesthesia duration ranged between 53 to 177 minutes, myelography duration ranged 26 to 93 minutes and time between iohexol injection and recovery was ranged 22 to 82 minutes. There was no statistical difference between them. A statistical correlation between the different column length variables was found (P <0.001). All spine length measurements and body surface had predictable TV. Measurement through RXLL TL had a higher value ( = 0.81) and was used to create the TV formula. Its accuracy to predict TV was 21.87%, while the TV accuracy calculated by weight was 3.12%. It is concluded that there are equivalences between different ways of measuring the spine. In addition, both body weight and body length are non-accurate methods for calculating TV. Neither spine length nor body surface are risk factors for seizure.
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O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi identi [1]icar cães com neoplasmas envolvendo o sistema nervoso central (SNC), atendidos entre janeiro de 2003 a junho de 2011, no HVU-UFSM, e obter informações a respeito da raça, do sexo, da idade, dos sinais neurológicos, da localização, da evolução clínica, do tipo e da origem do tumor e dos achados de exames complementares. Os 26 neoplasmas envolvendo o SNC incluídos nesse estudo ocorreram principalmente em Boxers (35%), com predomínio de idade de cinco anos ou mais (92,3%). A evolução dos sinais clínicos nos neoplasmas encefálicos variou entre sete e 115 dias e nos medulares entre sete a 420 dias. Os sinais neurológicos principais em cães com neoplasmas encefálicos e medulares foram alteração do nível de consciência (58%), caracterizada principalmente por sonolência, e hiperestesia espinhal (57%), respectivamente. As regiões tálamo-cortical e T3-L3 foram as mais acometidas (58% e 43%, respectivamente). Dos 12 neoplasmas que afetaram o encéfalo, 10 eram primários (83,3%). Dos 14 neoplasmas que afetaram a medula espinhal, apenas quatro eram primários (28,6%). Dos neoplasmas encefálicos e medulares primários, o mais comum foi o meningioma, perfazendo 40% e 75% dos casos, respectivamente.(AU)
This retrospective study was aimed to identify dogs with neoplasms affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and compile information on the affected breeds, sex, age group, anatomical site of the tumor, type of clinical signs and clinical course, and laboratory results. The study included the cases submitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (HVU) of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil, from January 2003 to June 2011. The 26 neoplasms affecting the CNS included in this study occurred mainly in Boxers (35%) and the predominantly affected age-group was 5-year-old or older (92.3%). The course of clinical signs in dogs with brain neoplasms was 7-115 days and that of spinal cord tumors was 7-420 days. The most frequently observed neurological signs in dogs with brain and spinal cord neoplasms were respectively changes in the conscience levels (58%), which were characterized by somnolence, and spinal hyperesthesia (57%). The cortico-thalamic region and the T3-L3 spinal cord segment were the most frequently anatomical sites involved (58% and 43%, respectively). Ten out 12 neoplasms affecting the brain were primary (83.3%) whereas only four of those 14 neoplasms affecting the spinal cord were primary (28.6%). Meningioma was the most frequent m primary neoplasms affecting the brain and spinal cord of dogs, consisting respectively of 40% e 75% of the cases.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cães , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/veterinária , Sinais e Sintomas , Diagnóstico por Imagem/veterinária , Mielografia/veterinária , Meningioma/veterinária , Radiografia/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterinária , Inconsciência/veterináriaResumo
Balthazar, D. A. Desenvolvimento de técnica para bloqueio dos nervos medianoulnar e radial em patos (Cairina moschata). 2016. 44 p. Tese (Doutorado em Medicina Veterinária). Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2016. O sucesso das técnicas de bloqueio de nervos periféricos requer conhecimento anatômico preciso da área a ser bloqueada, obtendo-se assim precisão na administração do anestésico local e diminuição na dose de anestésicos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver um método de anestesia regional do apêndice locomotor, por meio de bloqueio anestésico dos nervos medianoulnar e radial em pato (Cairina moschata) com lidocaína 2% guiado pelo estimulador de nervo periférico, com base em estudo anatômico, avaliando-se sua efetividade em estudos ex vivo e in vivo. Para confecção do estudo anatômico foram utilizados seis cadáveres de patos e em dois destes cadáveres foi realizado também o exame radiográfico da coluna vertebral. Com base no estudo anatômico foram definidos e descritos dois pontos de acesso para bloqueio do membro torácico, nos quais, em um cadáver de pato, foi injetado azul de metileno com posterior dissecção e observação da coloração dos nervos e das regiões circundantes. Os estudos in vivo foram realizados em espécimes de pato doméstico, constando inicialmente de estudo piloto com dois animais para determinação do regime elétrico para a neurolocalização e posteriormente de avaliação da resposta motora e nociceptiva ao bloqueio dos nervos medianoulnar e radial, em seis exemplares de pato, fêmeas, adultas, peso médio de 1,42kg. Após indução com isoflurano os animais foram submetidos à técnica de neurolocalização, iniciando-se a estimulação do nervo com corrente de 0,7 mA, frequência de 2Hz e duração do pulso de 300 Seg, diminuindo-se gradativamente até obtenção da resposta motora com 0,2 mA e ausência de resposta com correntes de 0,18 mA. Em cada animal uma das asas recebeu injeção de lidocaína 2%, na dose de 6 mg/kg (Grupo Tratado) e a asa oposta solução salina 0,9% (Grupo Controle), em igual volume, em técnica cega, interrompendo-se então o fornecimento de isoflurano. A avaliação das respostas sensitiva e motora foi expressa em escores e teve início três minutos após a extubação, seguida de observação aos cinco, 10, 15 e 20 minutos, prosseguindo no grupo Tratado a cada 10 minutos, até a observação do fim do bloqueio. O exame radiográfico da coluna vertebral e o estudo anatômico revelaram que o pato possui quatro raízes nervosas que se unem em um tronco único e desse originam-se os principais nervos: axilar, radial, medianoulnar e peitoral. Durante o estudo de dispersão de azul de metileno os nervos apresentaram-se pigmentados em uma grande extensão, demonstrando que os pontos de aplicação determinados e o volume de solução aplicada mostraram-se satisfatórios. No estudo in vivo observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante nos escores de relaxamento muscular entre os grupos Tratado e Controle dos tempos 5 a 40 minutos, e de bloqueio sensitivo dos tempos 3 a 50 minutos. A duração do bloqueio sensitivo variou 37 a 77 minutos (média 51,67 + 17,28 minutos). Conclui-se que a técnica de bloqueio dos nervos medianoulnar e radial guiada pelo estimulador de nervos periféricos foi efetiva quando se utilizou dose de 6 mg/kg de lidocaína, promovendo o bloqueio da região distal à articulação úmero-radio-ulnar.
Balthazar, D. A. Development of median ulnar and radial nerves block technique in ducks (Cairina moschata) 2016. 44 p. Thesis (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine). Veterinary Institute, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2016. The success of peripheral nerve blocking techniques requires precise knowledge of the anatomical area to be blocked, thus yielding accurate local anesthetic administration and a reduction on the anesthetic dosage. The aim of this study was to develop a regional anesthesia method for locomotor appendage. We performed anesthetic block of median ulnar and radial nerves in muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) with 2% lidocaine guided by peripheral nerve stimulator, followed by evaluation of effectiveness in ex vivo and in vivo studies. For anatomical study we used six cadaver ducks and in two of these was also performed the radiographic examination of the spine. Based on the anatomical study we defined and described two access points to block the forelimb. In a muscovy duck body methylene blue was injected with subsequent dissection and observation of the nerve and the surrounding regions colors. In vivo studies were performed in domestic duck specimens, consisting of an initial pilot study with two animals to determine the electric system for neurolocalization and later evaluation of the motor and nociceptive response to blockage of medianoulnar and radial nerve in six duck specimens, female, adult, middle weight 1,42kg. After induction with isoflurane, animals underwent neurolocalization technique by starting the nerve stimulation with a current of 0.7 mA, frequency of 2 Hz and pulse duration of 300 Seg. We gradually decreased the current to 0.2 mA to induce a motor response, and 0.18 mA to induce no response. Each animal had one wing injected with lidocaine 2% (6 mg/kg), being the Treated Group, and a wing injected with the same volume of saline 0.9%, being the Control Group, in blind technique. Isoflurane was then interrupted. The evaluation of sensory and motor response was expressed as scores and started 3 minutes after extubation, followed by observation at 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes, and then every 10 minutes untill the end of the block. Radiographic examination of the spine and the anatomical study revealed that the duck has four roots that unite into a single trunk and then originate the major nerves: axillary, radial, medianoulnar and breastplate. During the methylene blue dispersion study, nerves were presented pigmented to a large extent, demonstrating that the application points and the volume of anesthetic applied were satisfactory. The in vivo study showed a statistically significant difference in scores of muscle relaxation between the treated and control groups in times 5-40 minutes and sensory block in times 3-50 minutes. The duration of sensory block ranged between 37-77 minutes (mean 51.67 + 17.28 minutes). We concluded that the medianoulnar and radial nerve block technique guided by peripheral nerve stimulator was effective when using 6 mg/kg of lidocaine, with successful blockade distal to the humerus-radio-ulnar joint.