Antiparkinsoniano para tratamento de sequelas neurológicas causadas pela cinomose / Antiparkinsonian for treatment of neurological sequels caused by canine distemper

Background: Canine distemper (CD) is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV). In dogs, CDV infection is characterized by the presentation of systemic and/or neurological signs with viral persistence in some organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). Neurological damages resulting from CD are a defiance for veterinarians, due to occasioned clinical sequels that influence the patient quality of life. The treatment of sequelae should seek to promote the resolution or decrease of the deleterious effects that impede the patient independence. Thus, the present report aims to describe the action of antiparkinsonian medication (levodopa associated with carbidopa) administered to 3 dogs who presented neurological sequels resulting from the canine distemper. Cases: Dog 1. A 9-month-old male mixed breed; Dog 2. A 6-month-old male Shih Tzu. Dog 3. A 8-years-old bitch mixed breed. All animals were referred for neurological care because presented neurological damages after distemper involvement. Only the Dog 2 was vaccinated to CD. Dog 1 (mixed male) had severe myoclonus, lack of proprioception, decreased of muscle tonus and paralysis in both pelvic limbs, associated with a marked thoracolumbar kyphosis. Dog 2 (a puppy Shih Tzu male) presented myoclonus in PL, proprioceptive loss in thoracic and pelvic limbs, absence of withdrawal reflex in thoracic and pelvic limbs, decrease in muscle tonus in pelvic limb and increase in thoracic limb. Dog 3 (adult unneutered bitch) presented intense myoclonus, absence of proprioception, decrease in muscle tonus and paresis of pelvic limb. All patients were treated with antiparkinsonian medication (levodopa 250 mg associated with carbidopa 25 mg) with following dosages: Dog 1 received a commercially available tablet, orally once a day for 30 days, while Dogs 2 and 3 had doses calculated by extrapolation allometric. For the Dog 2 it was prescribed 0.25 mg of levodopa and 0.025 mg of carbidopa daily for 30 days. Dog 3 was treated with 1 mg of levodopa and 0.1 mg of carbidopa patient day for the same period. Thirty days after starting the treatment, the 3 patients were evaluated again, and showed improvement of the motor signs, and the treatment was maintained. At the next return (30 days): Dog 1 showed significant improvement, however, Dog 2 started to present epileptic seizures and nystagmus that were treated with levetiracetam, while the Dog 3 not returned. As Dog 1 had a better prognosis, treatment was maintained for 1 year, with the frequency being changed from 24 h x 24 h to 48 h x 48 h after 30 days and 72x72 h after another 30 days. Unfortunately, Dog 2 had a worsening of epileptic condition and died, while Dog 3 died by road-kill. Discussion: The cases reported are uncommon, because not exist information about the use of antiparksonian to treatment of neurological damages occasioned by canine distemper. Although there are emerging therapies, such as the use of mesenchymal stem cells, that can reduce these sequels, the access is still restricted to a few professionals. Thus, the use of medications for demyelinating diseases, as antiparkinsonian, may be an alternative. In fact, the three reported patients showed recovery of the motor and sensorial damages observed, which corroborates with the possibility of a new treatment using antiparkinsonian or other drugs to demyelinating diseases.

Tratamento de reação inflamatória cerebral após Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) e Trauma Cranioencefálico (TCE) em cão / Treatment of inflammatory brain reaction after Brain Vascular Accident (CVA) and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in a dog / Tratamiento de la reacción inflamatoria cerebral después de un Accidente Vascular Cerebral (ACV) y Traumatismo Cerebral (TEC) en un perro

O presente relato de caso tem por objetivo descrever a ocorrência de quadro neurológico tardio, pós-trauma cranioencefálico em um paciente canino, atendido em clínica veterinária particular. O animal foi avaliado clinicamente, com alterações neurológicas intensas de ataxia vestibular, andar compulsivo, paresia, perda de propriocepção nos quatro membros, miose bilateral, anisocoria, entre outros. O diagnóstico foi presuntivo, auxiliado por ressonância magnética, e baseado no histórico detalhado. O tratamento clínico foi determinado empiricamente, a base de dexametasona comercial, associada a metionina, nicotinamida e piridoxina. O paciente apresentou melhora clínica rápida, diminuindo inflamação encefálica e desaparecimento de quadro neurológico.

The present case report aims to describe the occurrence of a late neurological condition, after traumatic brain injury in a canine patient, treated at a private veterinary clinic. The animal was clinically evaluated, with severe neurological alterations of vestibular ataxia, compulsive gait, paresis, loss of proprioception in all four limbs, bilateral miosis, anisocoria, among others. Diagnosis was presumptive, aided by MRI, and based on detailed history. Clinical treatment was empirically determined, based on commercial dexamethasone, associated with methionine, nicotinamide and pyridoxine. The patient showed rapid clinical improvement, with no neurological picture.

El presente reporte de caso tiene como objetivo describir la aparición de una condición neurológica tardía, posterior a un traumatismo craneoencefálico en un paciente canino, atendido en una clínica veterinaria privada. El animal fue evaluado clínicamente, con alteraciones neurológicas severas de ataxia vestibular, marcha compulsiva, paresia, pérdida de propiocepción en las cuatro extremidades, miosis bilateral, anisocoria, entre otras. El diagnóstico fue presuntivo, ayudado por resonancia magnética y basado en una historia clínica detallada. El tratamiento clínico se determinó empíricamente, a base de dexametasona comercial, asociada a metionina, nicotinamida y piridoxina. El paciente presentó una rápida mejoría clínica sin cuadro neurológico.

Síndrome vestibular secundária à otite média em gata / Secondary vestibular syndrome to otitis media in a cat

A Síndrome Vestibular é um distúrbio frequente na neurologia felina que é caracterizado como um conjunto de sinais neurológicos, causados por uma disfunção de qualquer parte do sistema vestibular. Este é dividido nos componentes periférico e central e o exame neurológico é essencial para localizar a origem da lesão. A Síndrome Vestibular Periférica pode ser causada por anomalias congênitas, neoplasias, traumas, pólipos e doenças inflamatórias; sendo a otite média/interna uma das principais etiopatogenias em cães e gatos. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um relato de caso de um felino, fêmea, sem raça definida, de sete meses de idade, apresentando Síndrome Vestibular secundária à otite média. O animal deu entrada na clínica com sinais neurológicos súbitos, apresentando nistagmo e incoordenação motora, bem como secreção nasal unilateral. Foram solicitados exames hematológicos e bioquímicos, ultrassonografia abdominal e radiografia de crânio, além de recomendada a internação. Nos exames bioquímicos, os valores de bilirrubina total e frações estavam acima do valor de referência e a relação albumina/globulina estava diminuída. O exame radiográfico confirmou a suspeita de otite média. O tratamento foi realizado com marbofloxacino e gabapentina. Após o tratamento, o animal apresentou melhora significativa do quadro clínico. Baseado no exposto, conclui-se que a Síndrome Vestibular secundária à alteração otológica é um quadro presente na rotina veterinária, sendo importante a associação de exame clínico e exames complementares para que seja possível chegar ao diagnóstico.

Vestibular syndrome is a frequent disorder in feline neurology that is characterized as a set of neurological signs caused by a dysfunction of any part of the vestibular system. The vestibular system is divided into peripheral and central components, and a neurological examination is essential to locate the origin of the lesion. The peripheral vestibular syndrome can be caused by congenital anomalies, neoplasms, trauma, polyps, and inflammatory diseases, with otitis media/internal being one of the main etiologies in dogs and cats. Thus, the present work aims to present a case report of a feline, female, mixed breed, seven months old, with secondary vestibular syndrome to otitis media. The animal was admitted to the clinic with sudden neurological signs, presenting nystagmus and motor incoordination, as well as unilateral nasal secretion. Hematological and biochemical tests, abdominal ultrasound, and skull radiography were requested, and hospitalization was recommended. In the biochemical tests, the values of total bilirubin and fractions were above the reference value and the albumin/globulin ratio was decreased. The radiographic examination confirmed the suspicion of otitis media. The treatment was performed with marbofloxacin and gabapentin. After treatment, the animal showed a significant improvement in clinical condition. Therefore, it is concluded that secondary vestibular syndrome to otologic alteration is a condition present in the veterinary routine, and the association of clinical examination and complementary exams is important so that it is possible to reach the diagnosis.

Rabies in a previously vaccinated horse: case report / Raiva em equino previamente vacinado: relato de caso

Rabies is an acute, progressive, and fatal encephalomyelitis caused by a Lyssavirus. Horses affected by the disease may be a source of infection for humans. A rapid diagnosis is crucial to initiate a prompt and adequate infection control and public health measures. This manuscript reports the case of a 4-year-old gelding, 370 kg, healthy and routinely used for veterinary teaching purposes that developed rabies although vaccinated against it. Clinical signs included lameness, ataxia, muscle tremors, decubitus and pedalling, progressive paralysis, profuse salivation, teeth grinding, and whinnying. After 4 days, the animal was euthanised and definitive diagnosis was achieved through an animal inoculation test which was positive. Complementary findings included encephalomyelitis with perivascular cuffs and identification of Negri bodies in various areas of the brain.(AU)

A raiva é uma encefalomielite aguda, progressiva e fatal causada por um Lyssavirus. Cavalos acometidos pela doença podem ser uma fonte de infecção para homens. O rápido diagnóstico é crucial para que iniciem medidas de controle de infecção e de saúde pública adequadas. Esse manuscrito descreve o caso clínico de um equino de 4 anos, macho castrado, 370 kg, hígido, usado nas práticas didáticas da escola de veterinária que desenvolveu quadro clínico de raiva, apesar de ser vacinado contra a referida doença. Os sinais clínicos incluíram claudicação, ataxia, tremores musculares, decúbito e movimentos de pedalagem, paralisia progressiva, salivação profusa, bruxismo e relinchos. Após 4 dias, o animal foi eutanasiado e o diagnóstico definitivo foi feito através de prova biológica positivada. Os achados complementares incluíram os achados histopatológicos nos quais destacam-se encefamolielite com manguitos perivasculares e identificação de Corpúsculos de Negri em várias áreas do cérebro.(AU)

Primary adipsia and severe hypernatremia in a Pit Bull dog / Adipsia primária e hipernatremia severa em um cão Pit Bull

Primary adipsia is a rare condition in which there is failure in the activation threshold of the hypothalamic osmoreceptors, leading to osmolality imbalance. Here, we reported the case of a Pit Bull dog with an altered level of consciousness (started after weaning) and adipsia. There was an increase in plasma osmolality (444 mOsm/kg), sodium (223.7 mg/dL), and chlorine (173 mg/dL) levels. Based on the suspicion of primary adipsia, water was administered via a nasogastric tube, with clinical improvement. The owner was instructed to supply water with food. Eight months after discharge, the dog returned with parvovirus and died. In the anatomopathological examination, no structural changes were observed in the central nervous system. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hypernatremia due to adipsia in a Pit Bull dog, showing that this is a differential diagnosis that should be considered in this breed.

Adipsia primária é uma rara condição em que há falha no limiar de ativação dos osmoreceptores hipotalâmicos, levando ao desequilíbrio da osmolalidade. Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar o caso de um cão da raça Pit Bull apresentando alteração no nível de consciência (iniciado após o desmame) e adipsia. Foi verificado aumento da osmolalidade plasmática (444 mOsm/kg), sódio (223,7 mg/dL) e cloro (173 mg/dL). Baseado na suspeita de adipsia primária, iniciou-se administração de água via sonda nasogástrica, com melhora clínica. O tutor foi orientado a fornecer água junto a alimentação. Oito meses após alta, o paciente retornou com parvovirose e veio a óbito. No exame anatomopatológico, não foram observadas alterações estruturais no sistema nervoso central. Este é o primeiro relato de hipernatremia por adipsia em um cão Pit Bull, mostrando que este é um diagnóstico diferencial que deve ser considerado nesta raça.

Focal spinal hyperesthesia as a prognostic factor in paraplegic dogs without deep pain perception / Hiperestesia espinhal focal como fator prognóstico em cães paraplégicos sem percepção de dor profunda

Intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is the most common cause of spinal cord compression in dogs, whose prognosis is variable and depends on several factors, with deep pain perception (DPP) being the main parameter used. Investigations of new prognostic factors are studied to assist in the estimation of functional recovery. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate whether spinal hyperesthesia (SH) at the compression site can be used as a prognostic factor for the functional recovery of dogs with acute IVDE (Hansen type I), without DPP being subjected to thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy. Decompression surgery was performed on the same day or the day after admission. The duration of the loss of DPP until surgery performance ranged from 1 to 60 days, with a median of 4.5 days for the group of dogs with SH and 5.5 days for those without SH. Among the 68 dogs included in this retrospective study, 73.5% (50/68) showed SH, and 26.5% (18/68) were not identified. Recovery was satisfactory in 60% (30/50) of dogs with SH and in 27.7% (5/18) of dogs without SH, demonstrating that paraplegic dogs without DPP but with SH were 3.9 times more likely to recover when compared to dogs in the same condition, but with no SH. No studies have evaluated SH by palpation of the spine as a prognostic factor, which reinforces the relevance of the present study. The results of this study imply that SH in paraplegic dogs affected by thoracolumbar IVDE, without the presence of DPP, can be used as a possible prognostic indicator of functional recovery.

A extrusão do disco intervertebral (EDIV) é a causa mais comum de lesão compressiva na medula espinhal de cães, cujo prognóstico é variável e depende de diversos fatores, sendo a percepção de dor profunda (PDP) o principal parâmetro utilizado. Pesquisas de novos fatores prognósticos são estudados com intuito de auxiliar na estimativa mais precisa de recuperação funcional. Com isso, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se a hiperestesia espinhal (HE) no local da compressão, pode ser utilizada como um fator prognóstico para recuperação funcional de cães com extrusão aguda do disco intervertebral (Hansen tipo I), sem a presença de PDP submetidos a hemilaminectomia toracolombar. A cirurgia descompressiva ocorreu no mesmo dia ou no dia seguinte ao atendimento. A duração da perda de dor profunda até a realização da cirurgia variou de 1 a 60 dias, com uma mediana de 4,5 dias para o grupo de cães com e 5,5 dias para aqueles sem hiperestesia espinhal. Dos 68 cães incluídos nesse estudo retrospectivo, 73,5% (50/68) apresentavam HE e, em 26,5% (18/68) a dor não foi identificada. A recuperação foi satisfatória nos cães com HE em 60% (30/50) e, sem HE, em 27,7% (5/18) dos casos, demonstrando que os cães paraplégicos sem PDP, mas com presença de hiperestesia espinhal tem 3,9 vezes mais chances de recuperação quando comparado com cães na mesma condição, mas sem HE. Não foram encontrados trabalhos que avaliaram a HE mediante a palpação da coluna vertebral como um fator prognóstico, o que reforça a relevância do presente estudo. Os resultados do presente trabalho sugerem que a HE em cães paraplégicos acometidos por EDIV toracolombar sem presença de PDP pode ser utilizada como um possível indicador prognóstico de recuperação funcional.

Papiloma de plexo coroide em uma cadela / Choroid plexus papilloma in a bitch

Background: Choroid plexus papilloma is a benign neoplasm derived from the neuroepithelium of the choroid plexus of the ventricular cavity, commonly located in the fourth ventricle, affecting dogs of different age groups and without predilection for sex. There is a range of therapeutic options, and the treatment to be chosen will be defined based on tumor localization and development. Due to the difficulties in accessing treatments, tutors opt for euthanasia or death occurs with the worsening of the clinical condition. This case report aims to present the symptomatology, treatment and evolution of the case until the death of the animal, as well as the pathological findings. Case: A 12-year-old bitch, mixed breed, was treated presenting behavior alteration, with unusual aggressiveness, perceived by the tutor four weeks ago. Neurological examination revealed changes in behavior, compulsive walking and focal epileptic seizures. After the presumptive diagnosis of brain neoplasia, the dog underwent symptomatic treatment with prednisolone (1 mg/kg, orally, every 24 h, for 15 days, with subsequent reduction to 0.5 mg/kg for another 15 days) and phenobarbital (3 mg/kg, every 12 h, orally), until death. After the beginning of the treatment, no more epileptic seizures and aggressive behavior were observed. After 5 months of consultation, the dog returned with aggressive and anorexic behavior. Due to the worsening of clinical signs, with the possibility of brain neoplasia, the tutor opted for euthanasia. Necropsy was performed and macroscopic examination was observed in the telecephalus, occlusion of the third ventricle by grayish mass, soft, 1.2 cm in diameter with slight dilation of lateral ventricles. On histological examination, it was observed that the third ventricle was occluded, epithelial proliferation of arboriform aspect, composed of cuboidal cells to columnares sustained by moderate fibrovascular stroma. Based on macroscopic and histopathological findings of the telecephalus, the alterations determined the diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma. Discussion: The diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma was confirmed by observing the neurological signs and pathological findings that characterize this neoplasm. Choroid plexus tumors are less common, in the third ventricle, only in 36% of all reports are of tumors in that area. The search for care is mainly due to clinical signs that include behavioral, and locomotor changes and sometimes epileptic seizures, such clinical signs were found in the dog. Choroid plexus papilloma affects dogs of all ages, but more in adults and increasing the occurrence as they age. The tumor is still correlated in a higher occurrence in large animals, the evaluated dog was of age, but small in size. During anamnesis, in addition to the clinical history, neurological examinations provide a good basis for the presumptive diagnosis that can be complemented by an imaging diagnosis. Sometimes such technologies are not available for use, therefore, more comprehensive knowledge about clinical signs and anamnesis are indispensable for a correct diagnosis. Palliative drug therapies are an excellent option for most cases presented in the literature and clinical routine, since they provide better quality of life by decreasing or eliminating clinical signs, besides being easily administered by tutors. The therapy proved to be of great value for the improvement of the clinical signs of the evaluated dog, confirming the importance of knowledge of the appropriate prescriptions for each case and reinforcing that consultation with one was important in defining the diagnosis and symptomatic treatment.

Retrospective study on the incidence of cats and dogs' spinal injuries by computed tomographic scan. Part I: Cervical and Cervicothoracic / Estudo retrospectivo sobre incidência de injúrias em coluna vertebral de cães e gatos por meio de exame tomográfico. Parte I: Cervical e Cervicotorácica

Injuries involving the spine are frequent in dogs and knowledge of them is important to define the patient's treatment and prognosis. The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the epidemiological profile of animals and lesions in the cervical (C1-5) and cervicothoracic (C6-T2) spine diagnosed through tomographic examination. Compilation of computed tomography (CT) reports for the referred regions was carried out in a diagnostic center between 01/04/2017 and 30/04/2020, with or without contrast, from the clinical routine, in order to relate the most common lesions and their locations, as well as the species, breeds and ages most affected. A total of 1164 CT scans were performed in the period, 57.56% (n=670/1164) for the spine, with 89.7% (n=601/670) reports accessed, where both regions referred to here totaled 26.95% of the studies (n=162/601). Male mixed-breed dogs (MBD) showed the most lesions. For the cervical spine, the most identified lesion was disk extrusion and the site was C3-C4, while the mean age for lesions was 8.09±3.55 years. As for cervicothoracic, disk mineralization was more frequent and the mean age for lesions was 6.96±2.93 years. It was concluded that the spine is the main target of CT scans, that lesions related to the intervertebral disk were the main ones identified, and older MBD animals are the main ones affected.

As lesões envolvendo coluna vertebral são frequentes em animais de companhia, podendo ocorrer à nível vertebral, medula espinal, disco intervertebral, meninges ou raízes nervosas, e o conhecimento das mesmas é importante para definir o tratamento e prognóstico do animal. O objetivo desse estudo retrospectivo foi descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos animais e das lesões em coluna vertebral cervical (C1-5) e cervicotorácica (C6-T2) diagnosticadas por meio de exame tomográfico. Realizou-se a compilação de laudos de tomografias computadorizadas para as referidas regiões realizadas em centro diagnóstico comercial, entre 01/04/2017 a 30/04/2020, contrastadas e não-contrastadas, provenientes da rotina clínica, a fim de relacionar as lesões, raças e locais mais comuns. Foram realizados 1164 exames tomográficos no período avaliado, sendo 57,56% (n=670/1164) para a coluna, com 89,7% dos laudos acessados (n=601/670), sendo que as regiões cervical e cervicotorácica somaram 26,95% dos estudos (n=162/601). Em ambas regiões, os cães sem raça definida (SRD) machos foram os que mais demonstraram lesões. Para a coluna cervical, a lesão mais identificada foi extrusão de disco e o local mais afetado foi C3-C4, enquanto a média de idade para lesões foi 8,09±3,55 anos. Já para cervicotorácica, a mineralização de disco foi mais frequente e média de idade para ocorrência de lesões foi de 6,96±2,93 anos. Concluiu-se que a coluna vertebral foi o principal alvo de tomografias, as lesões relacionadas ao disco intervertebral foram as mais identificadas, sendo animais SRD com idade avançada os mais acometidos.

Retrospective study on the incidence of cats and dogs' spinal injuries by computed tomographic scan. Part II: Thoracolumbar and lumbosacral / Estudo retrospectivo sobre incidência de injúrias em coluna vertebral de cães e gatos por meio de exame tomográfico. Parte II: Toracolombar e Lombossacral

For vertebromedullary injuries, epidemiological knowledge is essential to guide the choice of the most effective diagnostic method. The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the epidemiological profile of animals and thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spine lesions diagnosed by computed tomography scan. A compilation of CT scan reports for the aforementioned regions performed in a comercial diagnostic center from 04/01/2017 to 04/30/2020, contrasted and non-contrasted, from routine, was performed in order to list the most common lesions and their locations, as well as the species, breeds and ages most affected. There were 1164 CT scans performed in the period evaluated, all of them in dogs, 57,56% (n=670) for the spine, with 89,7% reports accessed (n=601), where the regions mentioned here added up to 73,05% studies (n=439). In both regions, male French Bulldog dogs had the most injuries. For the thoracolumbar region, disk mineralization, followed by extrusion, were the most frequent injuries, while the site was T12-13 and the mean age 6,5±3,63 years old. In the lumbosacral, disk protrusion was most frequent, the most affected site was L7-S1 and age 6,65±3,79 years. It was concluded that the spine is the main target of CT scans, and that lesions related to the intervertebral disk were the main ones identified, with chondrodystrophic animals being more predisposed to injury.

Para lesões vertebromedulares é indispensável o conhecimento epidemiológico para direcionar a escolha do método diagnóstico mais eficaz. O objetivo desse estudo retrospectivo foi descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos animais e das lesões em coluna vertebral toracolombar e lombossacral diagnosticadas através de exame tomográfico. Realizou-se a compilação de laudos de tomografias computadorizadas para as referidas regiões realizadas em centro diagnóstico comercial, entre 01/04/2017 a 30/04/2020, contrastadas e não-contrastadas, provenientes da rotina, a fim de relacionar as lesões e seus locais de ocorrência, bem como a espécie, raças e idades mais comuns. Foram realizados 1164 exames tomográficos no período avaliado, sendo 57,56% (n=670) para a coluna, com 89,7% laudos acessados (n=601), nos quais as regiões toracolombar e lombossacral somaram 73,05% dos estudos (n=439). Em ambas as regiões, os cães Bulldog Francês machos foram os que mais apresentaram lesões. Para a região toracolombar, a mineralização de disco, seguida pela extrusão, foram as lesões mais frequentes, enquanto o local foi T12-13 e a média de idade 6,5±3,63 anos. Na lombossacral, a protusão de disco foi mais frequente, o local mais afetado foi L7-S1 e idade de 6,65±3,79 anos. Concluiu-se que a coluna vertebral é o principal alvo de tomografias, e que as lesões relacionadas ao disco intervertebral foram as principais identificadas, sendo os animais condrodistróficos mais predispostos a lesões.

Uso e perspectivas da eletroencefalografia em animais domésticos / Use and perspectives of electroencephalography in domestic animals

A eletroencefalografia (EEG) é um método utilizado para a análise da atividade elétrica cerebral de humanos e animais. Possui baixo custo e métodos já estudados para as principais espécies de animais domésticos, tais como cães, gatos, equinos e bovinos. É um método minimamente invasivo que, ao ser associado com exames de avaliação estrutural, tais como a ressonância magnética e tomografia, permite elaborar um cenário mais completo sobre o estado geral do tecido neural cerebral. Sua aquisição de dados ao longo do tempo permite avaliar pacientes com epilepsia idiopática, epilepsias estruturais, metabólicas, hidrocefalia congênita e realizar monitoramento anestésico. O conhecimento de pós-processamento de sinais utilizando-se de FFT abre um universo de possibilidades para o uso da EEG, incluindo a polissonografia, avaliação de distúrbios comportamentais, neuropsíquicos, dor, cognição e aprendizagem.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method used to analyze the electrical activity of the brain in humans and animals. It has low cost and methods already studied for the main species of domestic animals, such as dogs, cats, horses, and cattle. It is a minimally invasive method that, when associated with structural assessment tests such as MRI and CT, allows for a more complete picture of the general state of brain neural tissue. Its data acquisition over time allows the evaluation of patients with idiopathic epilepsy, structural epilepsies, metabolic epilepsies, congenital hydrocephalus, and to perform anesthesia monitoring. The knowledge of signal post-processing using FFT opens a universe of possibilities for the use of EEG, including polysomnography, evaluation of behavioral and neuropsychiatric disorders, pain, cognition, and learning.