First record of Trichodina heterodentata (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) in banded knifefish Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotidae) cultured in Brazil / Primeiro registro de Trichodina heterodentata (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) em tuvira Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotidae), cultivado no Brasil

The aim of this study was to report the first record of Trichodina heterodentata in banded knifefish Gymnotus carapo. Banded knifefish cultivated in the municipality of Jataí, state of Goiás, in the central western region of Brazil, experienced fish mortality rates of 3-4% per tank. Macroscopic analysis found that fish had lesions on their skin and gills. Smears of the integument and gills were confectioned and air-dried at room temperature and impregnated with silver nitrate to identify the Trichodinidae species causing the lesions. The trichodinid were identified as T. heterodentata, and their characteristics were compared to those from T. heterodentata recorded from other species of host fish. It was observed that the presence of T. heterodentata was associated with inadequate fish management, low water quality, high rates of stocking density, and inadequate nutritional management.

O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar o primeiro registro de Trichodina heterodentata em tuviras Gymnotus carapo. Um cultivo de tuviras no município de Jataí, estado de Goiás, na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, apresentou taxas de mortalidade de peixes de 3-4% por tanque. A análise macroscópica constatou que os peixes tinham lesões na pele e brânquias. Raspados do tegumento e brânquias foram confeccionadas e secas ao ar à temperatura ambiente e impregnadas com nitrato de prata para identificar as espécies de Trichodinidae causadoras das lesões. Os tricodinídeos foram identificados como T. heterodentata, e suas características foram comparadas com as de T. heterodentata registradas para outras espécies de peixes hospedeiros. Observou-se que a presença de T. heterodentata estava associada ao manejo inadequado dos peixes, baixa qualidade da água, altas taxas de densidade de estocagem e manejo nutricional inadequado.

Scuticociliatosis caused by Uronema sp. in ten different ornamental aquarium reef fish in Brazil / Scuticociliatose causado por Uronema sp. em dez diferentes peixes ornamentais de recife no Brasil

Scuticociliatosis, caused by an opportunistic ciliate protozoan, is responsible for significant economic losses in marine ornamental fish. This study reports the occurrence of Uronema spp., parasitizing ten species of marine reef fish at an ornamental fish wholesaler: Blue green damselfish (Chromis viridis), Vanderbilts Chromis (Chromis vanderbilti), Pennant coralfish (Heniochus acuminatus), Threespot angelfish (Apolemichthys trimaculatus), Goldspotted angelfish (Apolemichthys xanthopunctatus), Sea goldie (Pseudanthias squamipinnis), Orchid dottyback (Pseudochromis fridmani), Threadfin butterflyfish (Chaetodon auriga), Vagabond butterflyfish (Chaetodon vagabundus), and Bluecheek butterflyfish (Chaetodon semilarvatus). Diseased fish showed disorders such as hemorrhages and ulcerative lesions on the body surface. Histopathological analysis of the muscle, liver, gut, kidney, spleen, gills, and stomach revealed hemorrhages and degeneration of muscle fiber, vacuolar degeneration of hepatocyte, inflammatory process and granuloma in the liver, atrophy of intestinal villi, inflammatory process and granuloma in the kidney, melanomacrophage centers, as well as inflammatory process in the spleen, epithelial cells hyperplasia and granuloma formation in the gills, and vacuolar degeneration and eosinophils in the stomach. Due to the severity of the disease, it is necessary to implement biosecurity measures with rapid and accurate diagnosis to minimize the risk of economic losses caused by Uronema spp.(AU)

Scuticociliatose, causada pelo protozoário ciliado oportunista, é responsável por significativas perdas econômicas em peixes marinhos ornamentais. O estudo relata a ocorrência de Uronema spp., parasitando dez espécies de peixes de recife em um distribuidor de peixes ornamentais: Blue green damselfish (Chromis viridis), Vanderbilts Chromis (Chromis vanderbilti), Pennant coralfish (Heniochus acuminatus), Threespot angelfish (Apolemichthys trimaculatus), Goldspotted angelfish (Apolemichthys xanthopunctatus), Sea goldie (Pseudanthias squamipinnis), Orchid dottyback (Pseudochromis fridmani), Threadfin butterflyfish (Chaetodon auriga), Vagabond butterflyfish (Chaetodon vagabundus), e Bluecheek butterflyfish (Chaetodon semilarvatus). Peixes doentes apresentaram distúrbios como hemorragias e lesões ulcerativas na superfície do corpo. A análise histopatológica do músculo, fígado, intestino, rim, baço, brânquias e estômago revelou hemorragias e degeneração das fibras musculares, degeneração vacuolar de hepatócitos, processo inflamatório e granuloma no fígado, atrofia das vilosidades intestinais, processo inflamatório e granuloma no rim, centros de melanomacrófagos e processo inflamatório no baço, hiperplasia das células epiteliais, bem como formação de granuloma nas brânquias e degeneração vacuolar e eosinófilos no estômago. Devido à gravidade da doença, é necessário implementar medidas de biossegurança com diagnóstico rápido e preciso para minimizar o risco de perdas econômicas causadas por Uronema spp.(AU)

Parasitos em trutas-arco-íris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) criadas em sistema intensivo na região serrana de Santa Catarina, Brasil / [Parasites in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) raised in an intensive system in the mountain region of Santa Catarina, Brazil]

With the aim to determine the prevalence and mean parasite intensity in Oncorhynchus mykiss, 120 specimens were analyzed between April and September 2018. The cavity analysis was done by visual inspection, scraping of mucus, and extraction of the branchial arches. In the evisceration process, the intestine, the liver, and the kidney were separated, while the musculature was analyzed using the "candling table" method. All the collected material was preserved in 10% buffered formaldehyde and sent to the Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, of the Center for Agroveterinary Sciences (CAV) of the University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC) for making the slides and identifying the parasites. Parasites were detected only in the analysis of the scraping of body mucus. Only specimens of the genus Trichodina were identified, in 34 of the 120 fish analyzed, in two collections, resulting in a prevalence of 28.33%. In total, 144 specimens of Trichodina were observed. The overall mean intensity was of 4.24 parasites in each fish analyzed. Characteristic lesions of infection by protozoa were not identified. This is the first report of the occurrence of Trichodina spp. in O. mykiss bred in an intensive system in Brazil, with low rates of parasitic infection in the mountain region of Santa Catarina.(AU)

Surto de infecção por Piscinoodinium pillulare e Trichodina spp. em tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), pirapitingas (Piaractus brachypomus) e tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) no Distrito Federal / Outbreak of Infection by Piscinoodinium pillulare and Trichodina spp. in Tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), Pirapitingas (Piaractus brachypomus) and Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Federal District, Brazil

Background: Piscinoodinium pillulare is a mandatory mastigophore protozoan with no parasitic specificity, and an important ectoparasite of tropical and temperate psiculture. This parasite is responsible for serious health problems in Brazilian native fish. Another important pathogenic protozoan in psciculture belongs to the genus Trichodina spp., which is commonly found on the surface of fish, gills, fins, and integument. The aim of the present study was to describe an outbreak of P. pillulare and Trichodina spp. in three species of fish intensively created, emphasizing the anatomopathological and epidemiological aspects.Cases: Five animals were necropsied, among them three tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), one pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus) and one tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from an intensive psciculture in the Federal District. Out of 1500 fishes, 18 (1.2%) became ill and died. It was reported that the animals showed decreased feed intake, discomfort, dyspnea, opercular movements, red skin lesions and consequent death. In the direct examination of scraping of the body surface of a fish, prepared between lamina and coverslip, a ciliated ectoparasite, with a circular bell shape, measuring approximately 20-180 μm, adhered, with morphology consistent with Trichodina spp. was evidenced. During necropsy, fragments of different organs were collected and fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histology, embedded in paraffin, cut to five microns thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).Macroscopically, there were pale scaly areas in the medial-lateral regions, moderate increase amount of mucus with brown to green lumps on the body surface, partial loss of the fins, swollen gills with whitish mucus and multifocal hemorrhagic areas on the skin and between the scales.[...]

Surto de infecção por Piscinoodinium pillulare e Trichodina spp. em tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), pirapitingas (Piaractus brachypomus) e tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) no Distrito Federal / Outbreak of Infection by Piscinoodinium pillulare and Trichodina spp. in Tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), Pirapitingas (Piaractus brachypomus) and Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Federal District, Brazil

Background: Piscinoodinium pillulare is a mandatory mastigophore protozoan with no parasitic specificity, and an important ectoparasite of tropical and temperate psiculture. This parasite is responsible for serious health problems in Brazilian native fish. Another important pathogenic protozoan in psciculture belongs to the genus Trichodina spp., which is commonly found on the surface of fish, gills, fins, and integument. The aim of the present study was to describe an outbreak of P. pillulare and Trichodina spp. in three species of fish intensively created, emphasizing the anatomopathological and epidemiological aspects.Cases: Five animals were necropsied, among them three tambaquis (Colossoma macropomu), one pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus) and one tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from an intensive psciculture in the Federal District. Out of 1500 fishes, 18 (1.2%) became ill and died. It was reported that the animals showed decreased feed intake, discomfort, dyspnea, opercular movements, red skin lesions and consequent death. In the direct examination of scraping of the body surface of a fish, prepared between lamina and coverslip, a ciliated ectoparasite, with a circular bell shape, measuring approximately 20-180 μm, adhered, with morphology consistent with Trichodina spp. was evidenced. During necropsy, fragments of different organs were collected and fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histology, embedded in paraffin, cut to five microns thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).Macroscopically, there were pale scaly areas in the medial-lateral regions, moderate increase amount of mucus with brown to green lumps on the body surface, partial loss of the fins, swollen gills with whitish mucus and multifocal hemorrhagic areas on the skin and between the scales.[...](AU)

Evaluation of oregano essential oil as a growth promoter and resistance stimulator against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in silver catfish juveniles, Rhamdia sp. (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) / Avaliação de óleo essencial de orégano como promotor de crescimento e resistência ao ectoparasita Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Protozoa, Ciliophora) em juvenis de jundiá, Rhamdia sp. (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae)

Agroecology-based aquaculture emerges as a particularly interesting production alternative for rural family farmers. In such systems, it is desirable to use means for enhancing the zootechnical performance and improving fish immune responses from natural products. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic diet supplementation with oregano essential oil, Origanum vulgare, on zootechnical performance, hematological parameters, and resistance to the ectoparasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) in silver catfish juveniles, Rhamdia sp. A completely randomized design with five treatments (concentrations 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g oregano essential oil kg-1 diet) and four replicates was adopted. Groups of 20 silver catfish juveniles (initial weight 12.5 ± 0.5g) were stocked in 20 polyethylene tanks (54 L usable volume) connected to a water recirculation system with individual aeration. The diets were prepared with certified organic ingredients and offered for 89 days in two meals a day. At the end of the experimental period, survival, zootechnical performance, hematological parameters, and fish body composition were evaluated. After the final biometry, an experimental challenge with ich infection was performed. Dietary concentrations of oregano essential oil had no effects on growth, hematology, and body composition of silver catfish juveniles (p > 0.05).

A aquicultura de base agroecológica surge como alternativa de produção especialmente interessante para os agricultores familiares rurais. Em tais sistemas, é desejável a utilização de meios que possibilitem melhorar o desempenho zootécnico e fortalecimento do sistema imune dos peixes, a partir de produtos naturais. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o efeito da suplementação de dieta orgânica com óleo essencial de orégano, Origanum vulgare, sobre o desempenho zootécnico, parâmetros hematológicos e resistência ao ectoparasita ictio, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, em juvenis de jundiá, Rhamdia sp. Foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com 5 tratamentos (concentrações 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 g de óleo essencial de orégano kg-1 de dieta) e 4 repetições. Grupos de 20 juvenis de jundiá (peso inicial 12,5±0,5g) foram estocados em 20 tanques de polietileno (54 L volume útil) conectados a um sistema de recirculação de água, com aeração individual. As dietas foram preparadas com ingredientes orgânicos certificados e ofertadas durante 89 dias, em duas refeições diárias. Ao final do período experimental, foram avaliados a sobrevivência, desempenho zootécnico, parâmetros hematológicos e composição corporal dos peixes. Após a biometria final, realizou-se o desafio com infestação experimental por ictio. Não houve efeito (p > 0,05) das concentrações de óleo essencial de orégano na dieta sobre o crescimento, hematologia e composição corporal dos juvenis de jundiá. Tampouco foi verificada influência sobre o grau de infestação e mortalidade acumulada dos peixes submetidos ao desafio com ictio.

Evaluation of oregano essential oil as a growth promoter and resistance stimulator against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in silver catfish juveniles, Rhamdia sp. (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) / Avaliação de óleo essencial de orégano como promotor de crescimento e resistência ao ectoparasita Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Protozoa, Ciliophora) em juvenis de jundiá, Rhamdia sp. (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae)

Agroecology-based aquaculture emerges as a particularly interesting production alternative for rural family farmers. In such systems, it is desirable to use means for enhancing the zootechnical performance and improving fish immune responses from natural products. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic diet supplementation with oregano essential oil, Origanum vulgare, on zootechnical performance, hematological parameters, and resistance to the ectoparasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) in silver catfish juveniles, Rhamdia sp. A completely randomized design with five treatments (concentrations 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g oregano essential oil kg-1 diet) and four replicates was adopted. Groups of 20 silver catfish juveniles (initial weight 12.5 ± 0.5g) were stocked in 20 polyethylene tanks (54 L usable volume) connected to a water recirculation system with individual aeration. The diets were prepared with certified organic ingredients and offered for 89 days in two meals a day. At the end of the experimental period, survival, zootechnical performance, hematological parameters, and fish body composition were evaluated. After the final biometry, an experimental challenge with ich infection was performed. Dietary concentrations of oregano essential oil had no effects on growth, hematology, and body composition of silver catfish juveniles (p > 0.05).(AU)

A aquicultura de base agroecológica surge como alternativa de produção especialmente interessante para os agricultores familiares rurais. Em tais sistemas, é desejável a utilização de meios que possibilitem melhorar o desempenho zootécnico e fortalecimento do sistema imune dos peixes, a partir de produtos naturais. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o efeito da suplementação de dieta orgânica com óleo essencial de orégano, Origanum vulgare, sobre o desempenho zootécnico, parâmetros hematológicos e resistência ao ectoparasita ictio, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, em juvenis de jundiá, Rhamdia sp. Foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com 5 tratamentos (concentrações 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 g de óleo essencial de orégano kg-1 de dieta) e 4 repetições. Grupos de 20 juvenis de jundiá (peso inicial 12,5±0,5g) foram estocados em 20 tanques de polietileno (54 L volume útil) conectados a um sistema de recirculação de água, com aeração individual. As dietas foram preparadas com ingredientes orgânicos certificados e ofertadas durante 89 dias, em duas refeições diárias. Ao final do período experimental, foram avaliados a sobrevivência, desempenho zootécnico, parâmetros hematológicos e composição corporal dos peixes. Após a biometria final, realizou-se o desafio com infestação experimental por ictio. Não houve efeito (p > 0,05) das concentrações de óleo essencial de orégano na dieta sobre o crescimento, hematologia e composição corporal dos juvenis de jundiá. Tampouco foi verificada influência sobre o grau de infestação e mortalidade acumulada dos peixes submetidos ao desafio com ictio.(AU)

Morphology and divisional morphogenesis of the brackish water ciliate Novistrombidium rufinoi sp. nov. (Ciliophora: Oligotrichia) from Brazil

The strombidiid ciliate Novistrombidium rufinoi sp. nov. is described from observations on live and protargol-impregnated specimens. The organisms were isolated from samples of slightly brackish water from Cabiúnas Lagoon, located in Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, an environment conservation area in the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The new species measures ~40 x 35 m in vivo and differs from congeners by having a 711 m long, adherent, non-retractile tail that lacks cilia and a conspicuously spring-shaped adoral zone which has two thigmotactic membranelles. Stomatogenesis in the opisthe is hypoapokinetal and parental oral apparatus is retained in the proter.(AU)

Morphology and divisional morphogenesis of the brackish water ciliate Novistrombidium rufinoi sp. nov. (Ciliophora: Oligotrichia) from Brazil

The strombidiid ciliate Novistrombidium rufinoi sp. nov. is described from observations on live and protargol-impregnated specimens. The organisms were isolated from samples of slightly brackish water from Cabiúnas Lagoon, located in Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, an environment conservation area in the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The new species measures ~40 x 35 m in vivo and differs from congeners by having a 711 m long, adherent, non-retractile tail that lacks cilia and a conspicuously spring-shaped adoral zone which has two thigmotactic membranelles. Stomatogenesis in the opisthe is hypoapokinetal and parental oral apparatus is retained in the proter.

Are similar the parasite communities structure of Trachelyopterus coriaceus and Trachelyopterus galeatus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) in the Amazon basin? / São similares a estrutura das comunidades de parasitos de Trachelyopterus coriaceus e Trachelyopterus galeatus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) na bacia amazônica?

The aim of this study was to compare the parasite communities in two sympatric host populations, Trachelyopterus coriaceus andTrachelyopterus galeatus, which were caught in tributary of the Amazon River in Brazil. All the specimens of T. galeatusand T. coriaceus were infected by one or more parasites, such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Tripartiella tetramerii, Trichodina nobilis,Cosmetocleithrum striatuli, Contracaecumsp., Cystidicoloides sp., Dadaytremoides parauchenipteri and Gorytocephalus spectabilis. Seven species were common to both host fish, and there were 1-5 parasite species per host. In both hosts, trichodinids were dominant. Aggregate dispersion of ectoparasites and endoparasites was observed, with greater aggregation among endoparasites. Only the ectoparasites species showed differences in intensity and/or abundance. However, the parasite communities of the two hosts were taxonomically similar (99%) and characterized by high prevalence and high abundance of ectoparasites, but with low diversity, prevalence and abundance of endoparasites. Trachelyopterus galeatus, the host with the larger body size, presented greater variation of Brillouin diversity and evenness, while T. coriaceus had higher Berger-Parker dominance values and total numbers of parasites. This first study on these parasites ofT. galeatus and T. coriaceus showed that the life mode, size of the hosts and the availability of infective forms of the parasites were the main factors that influenced the parasite communities structure.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as comunidades, prevalência, intensidade, abundância e interações parasito-hospedeiro em duas populações de hospedeiros simpatricos, Trachelyopterus coriaceus eTrachelyopterus galeatus de um tributário do sistema do Rio Amazonas, no Brasil. Todos os espécimes de T. galeatus eT. coriaceus estavam infectados por um ou mais parasitos, tais como Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Tripartiella tetramerii, Trichodina nobilis,Cosmetocleithrum striatuli, Contracaecumsp., Cystidicoloides sp., Dadaytremoides parauchenipteri e Gorytocephalus spectabilis. Sete espécies de parasitos foram comuns para ambos os peixes hospedeiros e houve de 1-5 espécies de parasitos por hospedeiro. Em ambos os hospedeiros houve dominância de espécies de tricodinídeos. A dispersão dos ectoparasitos e endoparasitos foi agregada, mas a maior agregação foi de endoparasitos. Somente espécies de ectoparasitos mostraram diferenças na intensidade e/ou abundância. Entretanto, as comunidades parasitárias dos dois hospedeiros foram taxonomicamente semelhante (99%) e caracterizada por alta prevalência e abundância de ectoparasitos, mas com baixa diversidade, prevalência e abundância de endoparasitos. Trachelyopterus galeatus, com maior tamanho corporal, apresentou maior variação da diversidade Brillouin e uniformidade, enquanto T. coriaceus teve maiores valores de dominância de Berger-Parker e número total de parasitos. Este primeiro estudo sobre estes parasitos de T.galeatus e T. coriaceus mostrou que o modo de vida, tamanho dos hospedeiros e disponibilidade de formas infectantes de parasitos foram os principais fatores que influenciaram a estrutura das comunidades dos parasitos encontrados.(AU)

Description and molecular phylogeny of Paramecium grohmannae sp. nov. (Ciliophora, Peniculida) from a wastewater treatment plant in Brazil

A new morphological species of Paramecium Müller, 1773, was discovered in samples of water with activated sludge of a wastewater treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is described based on light microscopy and its phylogenetic position hypothesized from 18S-rDNA analyses. Paramecium grohmannae sp. nov. is characterized by a unique combination of features. It is a counterclockwise rotating freshwater Paramecium with body outline intermediate between aurelia and bursaria forms, two contractile vacuoles, each with one excretion pore and usually nine collecting canals; oral opening slight below body equator; macronucleus ellipsoid to obovoid, measuring ~64 x 24 m and located in anterior half of body; one (less frequently two) globular endosomal micronuclei ~5 m in diameter with endosome ~2.5 m. Phylogenetic analyses unambiguously place the new species within the P. multimicronucleatum complex.(AU)

Description and molecular phylogeny of Paramecium grohmannae sp. nov. (Ciliophora, Peniculida) from a wastewater treatment plant in Brazil

A new morphological species of Paramecium Müller, 1773, was discovered in samples of water with activated sludge of a wastewater treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is described based on light microscopy and its phylogenetic position hypothesized from 18S-rDNA analyses. Paramecium grohmannae sp. nov. is characterized by a unique combination of features. It is a counterclockwise rotating freshwater Paramecium with body outline intermediate between aurelia and bursaria forms, two contractile vacuoles, each with one excretion pore and usually nine collecting canals; oral opening slight below body equator; macronucleus ellipsoid to obovoid, measuring ~64 x 24 m and located in anterior half of body; one (less frequently two) globular endosomal micronuclei ~5 m in diameter with endosome ~2.5 m. Phylogenetic analyses unambiguously place the new species within the P. multimicronucleatum complex.

First record of an epibiont protozoan Epistylis sp. (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) attached to Ergasilus chelangulatus (Ergasilidae) in Brazil / Primeiro registro do protozoário epibionte Epistylis sp. (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) aderido à Ergasilus chelangulatus (Ergasilidae) no Brasil

In the present paper, we described the first record of an epibiont protozoan Epistylis sp. Ehrenberg, 1830 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) attached to Ergasilus chelangulatus Thatcher and Brasil-Sato, 2008, parasite of Pimelodus maculatus Lacépède, 1803 in Brazil, with electron microscope observations. Fish were collected in Veados River, state of São Paulo and the crustacean Ergasilus chelangulatus being registered for the first time in this river, expanding its geographical distribution in Brazil.(AU)

No presente trabalho nós descrevemos o primeiro registro de um protozoário epibionte Epistylis sp. Ehrenberg, 1830 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) aderido à Ergasilus chelangulatus Thatcher e Brasil-Sato, 2008, parasito de Pimelodus maculatus Lacépède, 1803 no Brasil, com observações de microscopia eletrônica. Os peixes foram coletados no Rio dos Veados, estado de São Paulo e o crustáceo Ergasilus chelangulatus está sendo registrado pela primeira vez neste rio, ampliando sua distribuição geográfica no Brasil.(AU)

Permanganato de potássio como agente terapêutico no controle de Epistylis sp. em cachara Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum e seus efeitos na hematologia / Potassium permanganate as therapeutic agent in control of Epistylis sp. in cachara Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum and its effects an hematology

The early phase of South American carnivorous catfish is commonly affected by ectoparasites. The use of the potassium permanganate KMnO4 as therapeutic agent for control of the natural infestation by ciliate protozoan Epistylis sp. in cachara juveniles, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum and its effects on hematology, was evaluated in this study. The fish were submitted to three therapeutic baths, lasting 20 min in intervals of 48 h with potassium permanganate in the concentrations of 0.0 mg L-1 (control); 1.0 mg L-1; 2.5 mg L-1 and 4.0 mg L-1. The different levels of the potassium permanganate tested did not interfere (P>0.05) in survival. The smaller (P 0.05) prevalence was observed in the concentration of 2.5 mg L-1 (6.67 ± 6.70%). Effect on the erythrogram was not observed (P>0.05). The fish treated with the potassium permanganate in the concentration of 1.0 mg L-1 showed higher percentage (P 0.01) of special granulocytic cells (SGC) in relation to treated with the concentration of 2.5 mg L-1, 4.0 mg L-1 and control group. Independent of the concentration, the treated fish showed smaller absolute value of eosinophils (P 0.01) in relation to fish of control group. Potassium permanganate in the concentration of 2.5 mg L-1 was effective in the control of the ciliate protozoan Epistylis sp. in cachara juveniles naturally infected.(AU)

A fase inicial da produção de bagres carnívoros sul americanos é comumente acometida por ectoparasitos. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o uso do permanganato de potássio KMnO4 como agente terapêutico no controle do protozoário ciliado Epistylis sp. em juvenis de cachara, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum, naturalmente parasitados e seus efeitos na hematologia. Os peixes foram submetidos a três banhos terapêuticos, com intervalos de 48 h e duração de 20 min, com permanganato de potássio nas concentrações de 0,0 mg L-1 (controle); 1,0 mg L-1; 2,5 mg L-1 e 4,0 mg L-1. As diferentes concentrações do permanganato de potássio testadas não interferiram (P>0,05) na sobrevivência. A menor (P 0,05) prevalência parasitária foi observada para a concentração de 2,5 mg L-1 (6,67 ± 6,70%). Não foi observado efeito dos tratamentos (P>0,05) sobre os parâmetros hematológicos da série eritrocitária. Os peixes tratados com o permanganato de potássio na concentração 1,0 mg L-1 apresentaram maior percentual (P 0,01) de célula granulocítica especial (CGE) em relação aos tratados com a concentração de 2,5 mg L-1, 4,0 mg L-1 e grupo controle. Independente da concentração utilizada, os peixes apresentaram menor valor (P>0,01) absoluto de eosinófilos em relação aos peixes do grupo controle. O permanganato de potássio na concentração de 2,5 mg L-1 foieficaz no controle do protozoário ciliado Epistylis sp. em juvenis de cacharas naturalmente parasitados.(AU)

Permanganato de potássio como agente terapêutico no controle de Epistylis sp. em cachara Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum e seus efeitos na hematologia / Potassium permanganate as therapeutic agent in control of Epistylis sp. in cachara Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum and its effects an hematology

The early phase of South American carnivorous catfish is commonly affected by ectoparasites. The use of the potassium permanganate KMnO4 as therapeutic agent for control of the natural infestation by ciliate protozoan Epistylis sp. in cachara juveniles, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum and its effects on hematology, was evaluated in this study. The fish were submitted to three therapeutic baths, lasting 20 min in intervals of 48 h with potassium permanganate in the concentrations of 0.0 mg L-1 (control); 1.0 mg L-1; 2.5 mg L-1 and 4.0 mg L-1. The different levels of the potassium permanganate tested did not interfere (P>0.05) in survival. The smaller (P 0.05) prevalence was observed in the concentration of 2.5 mg L-1 (6.67 ± 6.70%). Effect on the erythrogram was not observed (P>0.05). The fish treated with the potassium permanganate in the concentration of 1.0 mg L-1 showed higher percentage (P 0.01) of special granulocytic cells (SGC) in relation to treated with the concentration of 2.5 mg L-1, 4.0 mg L-1 and control group. Independent of the concentration, the treated fish showed smaller absolute value of eosinophils (P 0.01) in relation to fish of control group. Potassium permanganate in the concentration of 2.5 mg L-1 was effective in the control of the ciliate protozoan Epistylis sp. in cachara juveniles naturally infected.

A fase inicial da produção de bagres carnívoros sul americanos é comumente acometida por ectoparasitos. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o uso do permanganato de potássio KMnO4 como agente terapêutico no controle do protozoário ciliado Epistylis sp. em juvenis de cachara, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum, naturalmente parasitados e seus efeitos na hematologia. Os peixes foram submetidos a três banhos terapêuticos, com intervalos de 48 h e duração de 20 min, com permanganato de potássio nas concentrações de 0,0 mg L-1 (controle); 1,0 mg L-1; 2,5 mg L-1 e 4,0 mg L-1. As diferentes concentrações do permanganato de potássio testadas não interferiram (P>0,05) na sobrevivência. A menor (P 0,05) prevalência parasitária foi observada para a concentração de 2,5 mg L-1 (6,67 ± 6,70%). Não foi observado efeito dos tratamentos (P>0,05) sobre os parâmetros hematológicos da série eritrocitária. Os peixes tratados com o permanganato de potássio na concentração 1,0 mg L-1 apresentaram maior percentual (P 0,01) de célula granulocítica especial (CGE) em relação aos tratados com a concentração de 2,5 mg L-1, 4,0 mg L-1 e grupo controle. Independente da concentração utilizada, os peixes apresentaram menor valor (P>0,01) absoluto de eosinófilos em relação aos peixes do grupo controle. O permanganato de potássio na concentração de 2,5 mg L-1 foieficaz no controle do protozoário ciliado Epistylis sp. em juvenis de cacharas naturalmente parasitados.