Resumo
O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar a composição específica, distribuição e alguns aspectos bioecológicos da fauna de crustáceos de águas profundas em Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil, com base em prospecções pesqueiras realizadas entre 2014 e 2018 utilizando-se armadilhas de fundo iscadas (covo) em profundidades variando de 218 a 600 m. Foram coletados 690 indivíduos representados por 12 espécies, distribuídas em duas ordens: Decapoda e Isopoda. Os decápodes foram representados por 9 espécies: Stenocionops spinosissimus, Rochinia crassa, R. gracilipes e Bathynectes longispina (Brachyura); Plesionika edwardsii e Heterocarpus ensifer (Caridea); Paguristes inconstans, Mixtopagurus paradoxos e Parapagurus sp. (Anomura). Já a ordem Isopoda incluiu 3 espécies, todas pertencentes à subordem Cymothoida: Bathynomus giganteus, B. miyarei e B. obtusus. As espécies B. giganteus, B. miyarei, B. obtusus (Isopoda), Parapagurus sp., M. paguros e P. inconstans (Anomura) tiveram a sua presença registrada pela primeira vez em águas pernambucanas, ampliando, assim, as suas respectivas distribuições geográficas, com o primeiro registro P. inconstans no Atlântico Sul. Os carídeos apresentaram maior abundância absoluta, reflexo das capturas elevadas do P. edwardsii, com 307 indivíduos, com maior valor de CPUE situado no litoral Sul, (44,66 ind. x L¹). Foram realizadas análises biológicas em 216 indivíduos, sendo 113 machos, 102 fêmeas e 1 com sexo indeterminado. O comprimento do cefalotórax variou entre 10,1 a 27,2 mm enquanto que o peso variou entre 0,48 a 12,84 g, não sendo observadas diferenças significativas na razão sexual (² = 0,563, P= 0,453), comprimento do cefalotórax (Mann-Whitney P= 0,754) e peso (Mann-Whitney P= 0,303) entre os sexos. Foram observadas 39 fêmeas ovígeras distribuídos em dois estágios de desenvolvimento. A fecundidade média foi de 7.322 (±4.485) ovos com menor valor encontrado nas classes entre 22-24 mm comprimento do cefalotórax, havendo diferença significativa no múmero médio de ovos por classes de tamaho (t-test = 7,48, P< 0,01). A segunda espécie mais abundante nas capturas foi o isopoda B. miyarey, com 289 indivíduos capturados, representando 36,5% das capturas em número e a maior constância entre as capturas (35,6%). As espécies de B. miyarei tiveram o comprimento variando entre 73,2 e 257,0 mm, com machos mais frequentes nos estratos mais rasos e as fêmeas predominantes nos estratos mais profundos. A proporção sexual favoreceu as fêmas (1:1.7), com juvenis mais frequentes que specimens maduras. Embora os crustáceos se encontrarem bem distribuídos ao longo do litoral pernambucano, a seção sul registrou os maiores índices de abundância entre 300 e 350 m de profundidade (CPUE = 14,45 ind. x L¹), e maior diversidade entre 250 e 300 m (Shannon-Winer H=1,026 bits/ind) enquanto que a a maior riqueza de espécies ocorreu entre 500 e 550 m (Margalef d=1,176 bits/ind). O talude superior proporciona habitats para o ciclo de vida de muitas espécies bentônicas, inclusive sítios de agregação reprodutiva. Este estudo revela a importância biológica do talude superior de Pernambuco como hotspots ecológicos, servindo de base para estratégias de manejo e conservação no Atlântico tropical.
The presente study aim to characterize abundance, distribution and some bioecological aspects of crustacean fauna off Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil, based on deep-sea fishing surveys conducted between 2014 and 2018 using as fishing gear baited botton traps (covo) at depths ranging from 218 to 600 m. A total of 690 individuals were collected represented by twelve species, distributed in two ordens: Decapoda and Isopoda. Decapods comprised 9 especies: Stenocionops spinosissimus, Rochinia crassa, R. gracilipes and Bathynectes longispina (Brachyura); Plesionika edwardsii and Heterocarpus ensifer (Caridea); Paguristes inconstans, Mixtopagurus paradoxus and Parapagurus sp. (Anomura). The order Isopoda included 3 species, all belonging to the suborder Cymothoida: Bathynomus giganteus, B. miyarei and B. obtusus. All species from Isopoda and Anomura were recorded for the first time to Pernambuco waters, expanding their geographical distribution, and present the first record of P. inconstans from South Atlantic, before restricted to Caribean Sea. Caridean species showed a higher abundance, reflected by the high catches of the deep-sea shrimp P. edwardsii, with 307 individuals been collected, attained greater CPUE value on the South coast (44,66 ind. x L¹). Biological analyzes on 216 individuals were performed, being 113 males, 102 females and 1 that was not possible to determine the sex, named undetermined. Cephalotorax length ranged from 10,1 to 27,2 mm while weight ranged from 0,48 to 12,84 g. Significant differences were not observed in the sex ratio (² = 0,563, P= 0,453), cephalotorax lenght (Mann-Whitney P= 0,754) and weight (Mann-Whitney P= 0,303) between sexes. 39 females were ovigerous, represented by two egg mass developmental stages. The mean fecundity was 7.322 (±4.485) eggs with classes into 22-24 mm CL reached lower values, being significant different by size classes (t-test = 7,48, P<0,01). B. miyarei was the second most abundant specie, with 289 individuals collected, representing 36,5 % of total catch and the highest constancy (35,6%) along fishing surveys. B. miyarei species had a body lenght ranged from 73,2 to 257,0 mm, with males more frequente in the shallow strata and females predominant in deeper strata. Sex ratio was in favor of females (1,0 : 1,7), with juveniles more frequent than mature species. Althought crustaceans are well distributed along Pernambuco coast, the southern section recorded the highest abundance indices between 300 and 350 m depth (CPUE 14,45 ind. x L¹), and greater diversity between 250 300 m (Shannon-Winer H=1,026 bits/ind) while the highest species richeness occurred between 500 and 550 m depth (Margalef d=1,176 bits/ind). Upper slope provides habitats for the life cicle of many benthic species. This study reveals the biological importance of the upper slope of Pernambuco as ecological hotspots, serving as a basis for management and conservations strategies in the tropical Atlantic.
Resumo
Shell selection by the hermit crab Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933 from Anchieta Island (Brazil) was analyzed using the six most frequently occupied shell species in the field and taking into account the sexual condition of the individuals, the shell size and the shell species. The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions and the shell species preference was estimated on the basis of the frequency that each species was chosen by the individuals. The preferred shell species and size were determined by regression analysis. The highest correlation coefficients were obtained for the relations between the hermit dimensions and shell dry weight. The ovigerous females preferred shells with larger internal volume: Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin, 1791) and Cerithium atratum (Born, 1778). In the experiment of shell size, males preferred heavier shells whereas females selected the shape characteristics of the shell, such as the aperture and the internal volume, which are probably related to the growth and offspring guarantee, respectively. In general, and independent of sex condition, P. tortugae showed significant selection among all shells utilized. The results suggest that shell selection by P. tortugae involves sexual and reproductive condition preferences.
Resumo
Shell selection by the hermit crab Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933 from Anchieta Island (Brazil) was analyzed using the six most frequently occupied shell species in the field and taking into account the sexual condition of the individuals, the shell size and the shell species. The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions and the shell species preference was estimated on the basis of the frequency that each species was chosen by the individuals. The preferred shell species and size were determined by regression analysis. The highest correlation coefficients were obtained for the relations between the hermit dimensions and shell dry weight. The ovigerous females preferred shells with larger internal volume: Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin, 1791) and Cerithium atratum (Born, 1778). In the experiment of shell size, males preferred heavier shells whereas females selected the shape characteristics of the shell, such as the aperture and the internal volume, which are probably related to the growth and offspring guarantee, respectively. In general, and independent of sex condition, P. tortugae showed significant selection among all shells utilized. The results suggest that shell selection by P. tortugae involves sexual and reproductive condition preferences.
Resumo
This work aims to determine the brachyuran and anomuran species that occur on sediments around Anchieta Island, Ubatuba (SP). Their distribution was also investigated. Three lines near at the island were established and monthly sampled for one year. The collects were effectuated by a shrimp fishery boat equipped with otter-trawl. It was obtained 1,210 specimens in 13 genus and 22 species. The brachyuran were represented by the families Portunidae, Calappidae, Majidae and Leucosiidae. The anomuran were represented by Diogenidae, Paguridae and Porcellanidae families. The most abundant species that occur in all sample lines were Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863; Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785); Dardanus arrosor insignis (de Saussure, 1858) and Pagurus exilis (Benedict, 1892). The first line, followed by the second, have presented the greatest number of species and abundance of individuals. The geographic position of these lines shows the most protected features of them. Paguristes robustus Forest and Saint Laurent, 1967 is reported for the first time in this area.
Com o intuito de determinar a constituição e a distribuição das espécies de braquiúros e anomuros que ocorrem no sedimento sublitoral não consolidado, nas proximidades da Ilha Anchieta, Ubatuba, SP (23° 33'S; 45° 05'W), foram estabelecidas três radiais próximo à ilha, amostradas por um período de 12 meses. As coletas foram efetuadas por meio de arrastos, utilizando-se barco de pesca equipado com rede do tipo "otter-trawl". Obtiveram-se 1.210 exemplares, abrangendo 13 gêneros, com 22 espécies. Os braquiúros encontrados pertencem às famílias: Portunidae, Calappidae, Majidae e Leucosiidae, enquanto que os anomuros foram representados por 323 exemplares pertencentes às famílias: Diogenidae, Paguridae e Porcellanidae. As espécies mais abundantes foram: Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863; Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785); Dardanus arrosor insignis (de Saussure, 1858) e Pagurus exilis (Benedict, 1892), as quais se apresentaram distribuídas em todas as radiais. Verificou-se maior quantidade de indivíduos e espécies na radial I, seguida pela radial II, fato que, provavelmente, esteja correlacionado à posição geográfica destas, localizadas em áreas mais abrigadas que a radial III. Paguristes robustus Forest e Saint Laurent, 1967 é registrado pela primeira vez na região.
Resumo
This work aims to determine the brachyuran and anomuran species that occur on sediments around Anchieta Island, Ubatuba (SP). Their distribution was also investigated. Three lines near at the island were established and monthly sampled for one year. The collects were effectuated by a shrimp fishery boat equipped with otter-trawl. It was obtained 1,210 specimens in 13 genus and 22 species. The brachyuran were represented by the families Portunidae, Calappidae, Majidae and Leucosiidae. The anomuran were represented by Diogenidae, Paguridae and Porcellanidae families. The most abundant species that occur in all sample lines were Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863; Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785); Dardanus arrosor insignis (de Saussure, 1858) and Pagurus exilis (Benedict, 1892). The first line, followed by the second, have presented the greatest number of species and abundance of individuals. The geographic position of these lines shows the most protected features of them. Paguristes robustus Forest and Saint Laurent, 1967 is reported for the first time in this area.
Com o intuito de determinar a constituição e a distribuição das espécies de braquiúros e anomuros que ocorrem no sedimento sublitoral não consolidado, nas proximidades da Ilha Anchieta, Ubatuba, SP (23° 33'S; 45° 05'W), foram estabelecidas três radiais próximo à ilha, amostradas por um período de 12 meses. As coletas foram efetuadas por meio de arrastos, utilizando-se barco de pesca equipado com rede do tipo "otter-trawl". Obtiveram-se 1.210 exemplares, abrangendo 13 gêneros, com 22 espécies. Os braquiúros encontrados pertencem às famílias: Portunidae, Calappidae, Majidae e Leucosiidae, enquanto que os anomuros foram representados por 323 exemplares pertencentes às famílias: Diogenidae, Paguridae e Porcellanidae. As espécies mais abundantes foram: Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863; Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785); Dardanus arrosor insignis (de Saussure, 1858) e Pagurus exilis (Benedict, 1892), as quais se apresentaram distribuídas em todas as radiais. Verificou-se maior quantidade de indivíduos e espécies na radial I, seguida pela radial II, fato que, provavelmente, esteja correlacionado à posição geográfica destas, localizadas em áreas mais abrigadas que a radial III. Paguristes robustus Forest e Saint Laurent, 1967 é registrado pela primeira vez na região.