Tumor neuroendócrino em coração de cão / Neuroendocrine tumor involving the heart of a dog

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors are epithelial tumors with predominant neuroendocrine differentiation. Ectopic thyroid carcinoma develops in the ectopic thyroid parenchyma, in the anterior mediastinum, being an important differential diagnosis of paraganglioma, although occurring less frequently than the same. The cells invade the mediastinal fat reaching the adventitia of the aorta. There is a possibility of metastatic formations in the lung, kidneys, and pancreas. A supporting treatment was provided. The present study proposes the exposition and description of a case of neuroendocrine tumor in the heart, considering the rarity of the involvement of this tumor in the canine species. Case: A 9-year-old American Bulldog male canine was treated at home in the city of Rio de Janeiro. On clinical examination, dyspnea, edema of the hind limbs and an increase in abdominal volume were observed. With the suspicion of congestive heart failure, mainly on the right, cardiac exams were requested. Because it was an aggressive animal, sedation was performed with a combination of tiletamine and zolazepam. During cardiac auscultation, the presence of S4 was noticed, characterizing a gallop rhythm. No alterations were observed on the electrocardiographic examination. The echocardiogram showed a tumor mass in the atrium and dilation of the venous return vessels. The tumor enveloped 80% of the atrium of a 9-year-old male American Bulldog. The abdominocentesis procedure was performed to drain abdominal free fluid. Furosemide, enalapril and digoxin were prescribed as a treatment. Three months after the start of treatment, the animal presented intense dyspnea that culminated in the death of the patient, who later had the body sent for necropsy and subsequent tissue collection for histopathological analysis. Based on the immunohistochemical markers chromogranin and synaptophysin, the work here presented describes a case of a neuroendocrine tumor suggestive of paraganglioma involving a dog's heart. Discussion: Brachycephalic dogs, such as Boxers, Bulldogs and Boston Terriers, are predisposed to the development of paragangliomas. The genetic predisposition is related to hyperplasia of the carotid bodies generated by chronic hypoxia, resulting from obstructive processes in the airways. As the reported dog is an American Bulldog, the possibility of the tumor in question was reinforced. Paragangliomas are more frequent in males from nine to thirteen years of age, commonly associated with other endocrine neoplasms. It is also an important marker present in paragangliomas. In contrast to the literature, the report points to a neuroendocrine tumor suggestive of paraganglioma, without eliminating the possibility of an ectopic thyroid tumor, because although TTF-1 appears in most thyroid tumors, not all of them are present, although it is very suggestive. Treatment in question, attributed to the control of right congestive heart failure, although with little effect, denotes that the obstructive process of the return pathway, even with the use of drugs that prevent congestion, did not delay the evolution of the disease. However, it is observed that the treatment resources for these tumors, whether by surgical or chemotherapy option, also have few answers. The lack of literature on ectopic thyroid tumors influences the diagnosis of paraganglioma. Thus, clinical and complementary findings, mainly along with immunohistochemistry, were essential in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor. After 3 months of the start of the treatment, the animal died.

Chemodectoma in a bitch

Background: Chemodectomas, better known as tumors of the base of the heart, arise from aortic bodies, respiratory chemoreceptors located near or inside the aortic arch or originate from receptors located in the carotid arteries. Relatively rare, they affect dogs and, to a lesser extent, cats. They gain great importance when they influence the function of the cardiovascular system, with animals showing clinical signs related to congestive heart failure. Clinical diagnosis is based on symptomatology and complementary tests such as radiography, electrocardiography and echocardiography, while the definitive diagnosis is obtained by cytological and histopathological exams. This study aims to reports a case of malignant chemodectoma in a bitch, whose main symptomatology was neurological and not cardiovascular. Case: A 1-year-old Rottweiler bitch was attended with neurological alterations compatible with vestibular syndrome, hyporexia, dysphagia, apathy, melena, emesis, and purulent nasal discharge on the right nostril. On physical examination, the animal showed depressed level of consciousness, poor body condition, bilateral quemosis, paralysis of the right eye, inspiratory dyspnea and muffling of cardiac auscultation, besides a subcutaneous nodule between the scapulae. On neurological evaluation, horizontal nystagmus, head tilt to the right side, ventromedial strabismus and facial nerve paralysis on the right side were observed so that the localization of the lesion was set in peripheral vestibular system. During anesthesia for esophageal tube placement, a mass from the hard palate to the oropharynx was noted, making endotracheal intubation impossible to perform. Biopsy of this nodule was performed, and tracheostomy was indicated, but the owner opted for euthanasia before the procedure. Necropsy revealed white soft masses in the bilateral retromandibular region, on the subcutaneous tissue near the scapulae, in the right ear and since nasopharynx to the soft palate, in addition to sparse white nodules in the heart, lung, carotid artery, kidneys, right ovary, mesentery near to the spleen, and axillary lymph node. Histologically, the nodules were characterized by neoplastic cells population organized in short bundles or cords, arranged around small blood vessels surrounded by delicate connective tissue. Neoplastic cells infiltrated muscles and blood and lymphatic vessels were filled by multiple neoplastic emboli. The histological pattern of the cells allowed the diagnosis of chemodectoma. Discussion: The bitch from this case had 1-year-old when diagnosed with chemodectoma, differently from most cases from literature, that are between 7 to 15 years old. Furthermore, primarily cardiac tumors are considered rare, being chemodectoma the most common, often reported in Boxer and Boston Terrier dogs, but unusual in Rottweilers. Despites some articles mentioning seizure and Horner's Syndrome secondary to a carotid body chemodectoma, neurological signs are not commonly observed in these cases. The presence of the tumor in the middle ear region of the right side supports the occurrence of peripheral vestibular syndrome and facial nerve paralysis on the same side. Because it is a neoplasm that is usually detected late during the course of the disorder, most patients either cannot obtain diagnosis in vivo, as in this reported animal, which was in such a critical condition that underwent euthanasia, or there are no more possible therapeutic choices. In the patient described, there were numerous metastatic masses and nodules spread throughout the body. Although the typical clinical signs in animals with chemodectomas are often related to heart disease, neurological signs may also be present. This report emphasizes the importance of chemodectoma being included as a differential diagnosis in young dogs and even in breeds such as Rottweiler.

Quimiodectoma em cão / Chemodectoma in a dog

Background: The chemodectoma is a rare neoplasm that originates from chemoreceptors located mainly in the aortic body,and carotid body and sinus, and responsible for detecting variations in blood pH, oxygen pressure and carbon dioxide. Dogsof brachiocephalic breeds and aged between 7 and 15 years have greater propensity. A neoplasm involves infiltrative growthin the vessels at the heart base, which leads to Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). The definitive diagnosis is performed byhistopathological and/or immunohistochemical examination. The aim was to report a case of chemiodectoma in a dog,showing the disease’s clinical characteristics.Case: A 13-year-old male undefined breed dog was examinated in the medical clinic of small animal of Veterinary Hospital,Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) with respiratory effort, hyporexia, and edema in face, cervical, ventralthorax and thoracic limbs, with thirty days evoluted. About physical examination, we observed cachexia, orthopneic position, cyanosis and edema with a positive Godet sign, as well as 8% dehydration degree. Thoracic auscultation presentedmixed dyspnea and muffled heart sounds. Chest radiography detected an radiopacity increase in pulmonary section andmetastatic neoplastic process associated with pleural and pericardial effusion. Fluid therapy with lactated ringer and posteriorthoracentesis in the right hemithorax region was performed for greater respiratory comfort for the patient. Hematologicalcount and biochemical profiles stated normochromic normocytic anemia, relative and absolute lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, as well as increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The patient diedafter 12 hours when was submitted to necroscopic examination and histopathological evaluation. An infiltrative tumor ofcardiac base was observed invading the light of the right atrium, obstructing the venous return, as well as a large thrombus...

Quimiodectoma em cão / Chemodectoma in a dog

Background: The chemodectoma is a rare neoplasm that originates from chemoreceptors located mainly in the aortic body,and carotid body and sinus, and responsible for detecting variations in blood pH, oxygen pressure and carbon dioxide. Dogsof brachiocephalic breeds and aged between 7 and 15 years have greater propensity. A neoplasm involves infiltrative growthin the vessels at the heart base, which leads to Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). The definitive diagnosis is performed byhistopathological and/or immunohistochemical examination. The aim was to report a case of chemiodectoma in a dog,showing the diseases clinical characteristics.Case: A 13-year-old male undefined breed dog was examinated in the medical clinic of small animal of Veterinary Hospital,Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) with respiratory effort, hyporexia, and edema in face, cervical, ventralthorax and thoracic limbs, with thirty days evoluted. About physical examination, we observed cachexia, orthopneic position, cyanosis and edema with a positive Godet sign, as well as 8% dehydration degree. Thoracic auscultation presentedmixed dyspnea and muffled heart sounds. Chest radiography detected an radiopacity increase in pulmonary section andmetastatic neoplastic process associated with pleural and pericardial effusion. Fluid therapy with lactated ringer and posteriorthoracentesis in the right hemithorax region was performed for greater respiratory comfort for the patient. Hematologicalcount and biochemical profiles stated normochromic normocytic anemia, relative and absolute lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, as well as increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The patient diedafter 12 hours when was submitted to necroscopic examination and histopathological evaluation. An infiltrative tumor ofcardiac base was observed invading the light of the right atrium, obstructing the venous return, as well as a large thrombus...(AU)

Hemangiossarcoma associado a quimiodectoma em cadela Pit Bull idosa / Hemangiosarcoma associated with chemodectoma in an old Pit Bull bitch

Background: The prevalence of neoplasms in domestic animals has been augmenting over the years. Hemangiosarcoma, which most frequently affects large breed dogs, is a neoplasm with high metastatic power and corresponds to 5% of malignant neoplasms. Chemodectoma, a neoplasm that can have malignant or benign behavior, is uncommon, corresponding to less than 8% of all cardiac tumors, and originates from cardiac chemoreceptor cells and involves mainly the aortic and carotid bodies. The aim of this study is to describe the case of an elderly Pit Bull dog with hepatic hemangiosarcoma and chemodectoma associated with four other different tumors: hemangioma, papilloma, mastocitoma and melanoma. Case: A 14-year-old female Pit Bull, castrated, was presented to Veterinary Clinic of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Curitibanos Campus, Brazil. The owner referred apathy, hyporexia, and increased abdominal volume for two weeks. Physical examination showed emaciation and abdominal effusion. Abdominocentesis was performed, three liters of serosanguineous fluid was drained and a sample was sent for analysis. Complementary tests were requested and showed mild hypoalbuminemia, normocytic normochromic anemia, and lymphopenia. The ultrasound examination revealed thickening of vessels and hepatomegaly, in addition to the presence of an oval structure containing hyperechogenic cavitations. Diagnostic exploratory laparotomy was indicated, but the owner refused. Drug therapy was prescribed in a palliative manner and, during the clinical follow-up period, two abdominocentesis procedures and one thoracentesis procedure were performed, both resulting in simple transudate. Finally, the patient developed severe apathy, edema in all limbs, and died at home. Necroscopic examination was done and revealed hemoperitoneum and hemothorax...

Hemangiossarcoma associado a quimiodectoma em cadela Pit Bull idosa / Hemangiosarcoma associated with chemodectoma in an old Pit Bull bitch

Background: The prevalence of neoplasms in domestic animals has been augmenting over the years. Hemangiosarcoma, which most frequently affects large breed dogs, is a neoplasm with high metastatic power and corresponds to 5% of malignant neoplasms. Chemodectoma, a neoplasm that can have malignant or benign behavior, is uncommon, corresponding to less than 8% of all cardiac tumors, and originates from cardiac chemoreceptor cells and involves mainly the aortic and carotid bodies. The aim of this study is to describe the case of an elderly Pit Bull dog with hepatic hemangiosarcoma and chemodectoma associated with four other different tumors: hemangioma, papilloma, mastocitoma and melanoma. Case: A 14-year-old female Pit Bull, castrated, was presented to Veterinary Clinic of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Curitibanos Campus, Brazil. The owner referred apathy, hyporexia, and increased abdominal volume for two weeks. Physical examination showed emaciation and abdominal effusion. Abdominocentesis was performed, three liters of serosanguineous fluid was drained and a sample was sent for analysis. Complementary tests were requested and showed mild hypoalbuminemia, normocytic normochromic anemia, and lymphopenia. The ultrasound examination revealed thickening of vessels and hepatomegaly, in addition to the presence of an oval structure containing hyperechogenic cavitations. Diagnostic exploratory laparotomy was indicated, but the owner refused. Drug therapy was prescribed in a palliative manner and, during the clinical follow-up period, two abdominocentesis procedures and one thoracentesis procedure were performed, both resulting in simple transudate. Finally, the patient developed severe apathy, edema in all limbs, and died at home. Necroscopic examination was done and revealed hemoperitoneum and hemothorax...(AU)

A case of orbital extra-adrenal paraganglioma in a quarter horse

Paragangliomas are tumors originating from paraganglia cells which represent a considerable constituent of the dispersed neuroendocrine system. Rarely these tumors are found within the orbital region. This report documents a case of primary extra-adrenal paraganglioma in a 15-year-old female quarter horse, diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, gross anatomopathological, histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations. Clinical diagnostics led to full appreciation of the severe tumor invasiveness and to an informed decision by the owner for euthanasia. Gross inspection confirmed the previous clinical assessments of exophthalmos consequential to pressure from the orbital neoplasia, revealing a mass infiltrating into surrounding tissues. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry allowed for the final diagnosis of paraganglioma. Histology sections showed a partially encapsulated infiltrative mass with multifocal angiotropic growth, and composed of polygonal cells organized in nests, packets, and bundles supported by a fibrovascular stroma. The lobules were lined peripherally by spindle cells. The tumor was highly vascular with blood-filled lacunae and multifocal to coalescing areas of liquefactive necrosis. The polygonal cells were characterized by indistinct borders, lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm with moderate amount of granules, round or oval central nuclei with stippled chromatin (“salt and pepper” appearance) and inconspicuous nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry aided in the diagnostic discrimination of paraganglioma from neuroendocrine carcinoma and in the assessment of tumor differentiation. Orbital paraganglioma holds low likelihood for animal survival, but may have good prognosis when timely addressed.

A case of orbital extra-adrenal paraganglioma in a quarter horse

Paragangliomas are tumors originating from paraganglia cells which represent a considerable constituent of the dispersed neuroendocrine system. Rarely these tumors are found within the orbital region. This report documents a case of primary extra-adrenal paraganglioma in a 15-year-old female quarter horse, diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, gross anatomopathological, histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations. Clinical diagnostics led to full appreciation of the severe tumor invasiveness and to an informed decision by the owner for euthanasia. Gross inspection confirmed the previous clinical assessments of exophthalmos consequential to pressure from the orbital neoplasia, revealing a mass infiltrating into surrounding tissues. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry allowed for the final diagnosis of paraganglioma. Histology sections showed a partially encapsulated infiltrative mass with multifocal angiotropic growth, and composed of polygonal cells organized in nests, packets, and bundles supported by a fibrovascular stroma. The lobules were lined peripherally by spindle cells. The tumor was highly vascular with blood-filled lacunae and multifocal to coalescing areas of liquefactive necrosis. The polygonal cells were characterized by indistinct borders, lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm with moderate amount of granules, round or oval central nuclei with stippled chromatin (“salt and pepper” appearance) and inconspicuous nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry aided in the diagnostic discrimination of paraganglioma from neuroendocrine carcinoma and in the assessment of tumor differentiation. Orbital paraganglioma holds low likelihood for animal survival, but may have good prognosis when timely addressed.(AU)

Paraganglioma de corpo aórtico em cão / Aortic body paraganglioma in dog

Background: Aortic body paragangliomas are uncommon neoplasms that develop mainly in aortic and carotid bodies. It has been supposed that genetic factors and chronic hypoxia may stimulate tumor development. The brachycephalic dog breeds, as Boxer, are most predisposed to present this neoplasm. The clinical symptomatology is related to tumor size and localization. Usually aortic body paraganglioma has benign biological behavior, when it is malignant, rarely promotes metastases. The aim of this study was to report a case of the aortic body paraganglioma as death cause in a dog. Case: A canine, 10-year-old, male, cross breed, presented clinical signs as anorexia, emesis, cough, dyspnea and exercise intolerance. After death the animal was examined at the Department of Veterinary Pathology at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia. On necropsy, no pericardial effusion was identified, however pleural and abdominal effusion was observed, volume like 1000 and 700 mL, respectively. The heart had a neoplasm near the left atrium, it measured 6.5 x 8.2 cm, had irregular surface, firm consistency, grayish color, and at the cut showed infiltration in the myocardium, as well as obstruction of the left atrial lumen and left ventricle concentric hypertrophy. No distant metastases were found. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of polyhedral morphology cells, eosinophilic cytoplasm, spherical and hyperchromatic nucleus. Cells were grouped into lobes separated by fibrovascular stroma, large cells (less uniform cells), low mitotic rate and myocardial infiltration. On immunohistochemical analysis anti-cytokeratin, anti-vimentin and anti-S-100 antibodies were used. Tumour cells stained was absent for anti-cytokeratin and anti-vimentin, but was anti-S-100 positive. A case of malignant aortic body paraganglioma grade II was diagnosed.[…](AU)

Paraganglioma de corpo aórtico em cão / Aortic body paraganglioma in dog

Background: Aortic body paragangliomas are uncommon neoplasms that develop mainly in aortic and carotid bodies. It has been supposed that genetic factors and chronic hypoxia may stimulate tumor development. The brachycephalic dog breeds, as Boxer, are most predisposed to present this neoplasm. The clinical symptomatology is related to tumor size and localization. Usually aortic body paraganglioma has benign biological behavior, when it is malignant, rarely promotes metastases. The aim of this study was to report a case of the aortic body paraganglioma as death cause in a dog. Case: A canine, 10-year-old, male, cross breed, presented clinical signs as anorexia, emesis, cough, dyspnea and exercise intolerance. After death the animal was examined at the Department of Veterinary Pathology at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia. On necropsy, no pericardial effusion was identified, however pleural and abdominal effusion was observed, volume like 1000 and 700 mL, respectively. The heart had a neoplasm near the left atrium, it measured 6.5 x 8.2 cm, had irregular surface, firm consistency, grayish color, and at the cut showed infiltration in the myocardium, as well as obstruction of the left atrial lumen and left ventricle concentric hypertrophy. No distant metastases were found. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of polyhedral morphology cells, eosinophilic cytoplasm, spherical and hyperchromatic nucleus. Cells were grouped into lobes separated by fibrovascular stroma, large cells (less uniform cells), low mitotic rate and myocardial infiltration. On immunohistochemical analysis anti-cytokeratin, anti-vimentin and anti-S-100 antibodies were used. Tumour cells stained was absent for anti-cytokeratin and anti-vimentin, but was anti-S-100 positive. A case of malignant aortic body paraganglioma grade II was diagnosed.[…]

Prevalência, aspectos clínicos e anatomopatológicos de paraganglioma de corpo aórtico e carotídeo em cães / Prevalence, clinical signs and anatomic-pathological aspects of aortic and carotid body paragangliomas in dogs / Prevalencia, aspectos clínicos y anatomopatológicos de paraganglioma de cuerpo aórtico y carotideo en perros

Os paragangliomas ou quimiodectomas são neoplasias de quimiorreceptores, de crescimento lento e de comportamento frequentemente benigno, que ocorrem na base do coração, são incomuns, podendo ocorrer em cães e raramente em gatos e bovinos. A avaliação radiográfica e ultrassonográfica contribuem no diagnóstico do paraganglioma de corpo aórtico e carotídeo em cães, sendo necessárias maiores investigações semiológicas devido aos sinais clínicos inespecíficos. O Objetivo do presente artigo é relatar a ocorrência de paraganglioma de corpo aórtico e carotídeo em cães no período de 2004 a 2015 no hospital veterinário da Universidade de Uberaba, destacando-se os sinais clínicos, raça, idade, sexo e presença de metástases. Em um total de 225 exames histológicos de coração e vasos da base cardíaca realizados neste período, cinco cães (2,22%) foram diagnosticados como portadores de paraganglioma, sendo que duas (40%) eram fêmeas e três (60%) machos. A idade média de ocorrência foi de 10,4 ± 4,72 anos, não sendo observada uma predileção racial. Os paragangliomas de corpo aórtico representaram quatro (80%) dos tumores, enquanto os de corpo carotídeo representaram apenas um (20%). Os sinais clínicos foram variáveis por estarem relacionados com a compressão vascular local, com o comprometimento dos órgãos afetados e pela congestão venosa, com consequente aumento da pressão hidrostática e extravasamento de líquido para a cavidade torácica. Salienta-se que em um cão desenvolveu metástase hepática. Apesar da ocorrência incomum o paraganglioma deve ser incluído na lista de diagnósticos diferenciais de cardiopatia em cães.(AU)

Paragangliomas or chemodectomas are uncommon slow-growing chemoreceptor neoplasms, often benign, which appears at the base of the heart. They may occur in dogs, but rarely in cats and cattle. Radiographic and ultrasound evaluation contribute to the diagnosis of paraganglioma in canine aortic and carotid body tumors, requiring further semiological investigation due to nonspecific clinical signs. The purpose of this article is to report the occurrence of canine aortic and carotid body paraganglioma tumors from 2004 to 2015 at the Uberaba University Veterinary Hospital, highlighting the clinical signs, breed, age, sex and presence of metastases. From a total of 225 histological examinations of heart and cardiac base vessels performed in this period, five dogs (2.22%) were diagnosed as having paraganglioma, with two (40%) being female and three (60%) male. The mean age of occurrence was 10.4 ± 4.72 years, and no breed preference could be observed. The paragangliomas of the aortic body represented four (80%) of the tumors, while the ones of the carotid body represented only one (20%). Clinical signs varied due to their relationship to local vascular compression, involvement of the affected organs and venous congestion, with consequent increase in hydrostatic pressure and liquid extravasation to the thoracic cavity. One dog developed liver metastasis. Despite the unusual occurrence, paragangliomas should be included in the list of differential diagnoses of canine heart disease.(AU)

Los paragangliomas o quemodectomas son neoplasias de quimiorreceptores, de crecimiento lento y de comportamiento frecuentemente benigno, que ocurren en la base del corazón, son inusuales, pudiendo ocurrir en perros y raramente en gatos y bovinos. La evaluación radiográfica y ultrasonografía contribuyen en el diagnóstico de paraganglioma de cuerpo aórtico y carotideo en perros, siendo necesarias mayores investigaciones semiológicas debido a los signos clínicos inespecíficos. El objetivo del presente artículo es relatar la ocurrencia de paraganglioma de cuerpo aórtico y carotideo en perros en el período de 2004 a 2015 en el hospital veterinario de la Universidad de Uberaba, destacándose los signos clínicos, raza, edad, sexo y presencia de metástasis. En un total de 225 exámenes histológicos de corazón y vasos de la base cardíaca realizados en este período, cinco perros (2,22%) fueron diagnosticados como portadores de paraganglioma, siendo que dos (40%) eran hembras y tres (60%) machos. La edad mediana de ocurrencia fue de 10,4 ± 4,72 años, no siendo observada una predilección racial. Los paragangliomas de cuerpo aórtico representaron cuatro (80%) de los tumores, mientras que los de cuerpo carotideo representaron sólo uno (20%). Los signos clínicos fueron variables por estar relacionados con la compresión vascular local, con el comprometimiento de los órganos afectados y por la congestión venosa, con consecuente aumento de la presión hidrostática y extravasación de líquido para la cavidad torácica. Se destaca que en un perro desarrolló metástasis hepática. A pesar de la ocurrencia inusual el paraganglioma debe ser incluido en la lista de diagnósticos diferenciales de cardiopatía en perros.(AU)

Prevalência, aspectos clínicos e anatomopatológicos de paraganglioma de corpo aórtico e carotídeo em cães / Prevalence, clinical signs and anatomic-pathological aspects of aortic and carotid body paragangliomas in dogs / Prevalencia, aspectos clínicos y anatomopatológicos de paraganglioma de cuerpo aórtico y carotideo en perros

Os paragangliomas ou quimiodectomas são neoplasias de quimiorreceptores, de crescimento lento e de comportamento frequentemente benigno, que ocorrem na base do coração, são incomuns, podendo ocorrer em cães e raramente em gatos e bovinos. A avaliação radiográfica e ultrassonográfica contribuem no diagnóstico do paraganglioma de corpo aórtico e carotídeo em cães, sendo necessárias maiores investigações semiológicas devido aos sinais clínicos inespecíficos. O Objetivo do presente artigo é relatar a ocorrência de paraganglioma de corpo aórtico e carotídeo em cães no período de 2004 a 2015 no hospital veterinário da Universidade de Uberaba, destacando-se os sinais clínicos, raça, idade, sexo e presença de metástases. Em um total de 225 exames histológicos de coração e vasos da base cardíaca realizados neste período, cinco cães (2,22%) foram diagnosticados como portadores de paraganglioma, sendo que duas (40%) eram fêmeas e três (60%) machos. A idade média de ocorrência foi de 10,4 ± 4,72 anos, não sendo observada uma predileção racial. Os paragangliomas de corpo aórtico representaram quatro (80%) dos tumores, enquanto os de corpo carotídeo representaram apenas um (20%). Os sinais clínicos foram variáveis por estarem relacionados com a compressão vascular local, com o comprometimento dos órgãos afetados e pela congestão venosa, com consequente aumento da pressão hidrostática e extravasamento de líquido para a cavidade torácica. Salienta-se que em um cão desenvolveu metástase hepática. Apesar da ocorrência incomum o paraganglioma deve ser incluído na lista de diagnósticos diferenciais de cardiopatia em cães.(AU)

Paragangliomas or chemodectomas are uncommon slow-growing chemoreceptor neoplasms, often benign, which appears at the base of the heart. They may occur in dogs, but rarely in cats and cattle. Radiographic and ultrasound evaluation contribute to the diagnosis of paraganglioma in canine aortic and carotid body tumors, requiring further semiological investigation due to nonspecific clinical signs. The purpose of this article is to report the occurrence of canine aortic and carotid body paraganglioma tumors from 2004 to 2015 at the Uberaba University Veterinary Hospital, highlighting the clinical signs, breed, age, sex and presence of metastases. From a total of 225 histological examinations of heart and cardiac base vessels performed in this period, five dogs (2.22%) were diagnosed as having paraganglioma, with two (40%) being female and three (60%) male. The mean age of occurrence was 10.4 ± 4.72 years, and no breed preference could be observed. The paragangliomas of the aortic body represented four (80%) of the tumors, while the ones of the carotid body represented only one (20%). Clinical signs varied due to their relationship to local vascular compression, involvement of the affected organs and venous congestion, with consequent increase in hydrostatic pressure and liquid extravasation to the thoracic cavity. One dog developed liver metastasis. Despite the unusual occurrence, paragangliomas should be included in the list of differential diagnoses of canine heart disease.(AU)

Los paragangliomas o quemodectomas son neoplasias de quimiorreceptores, de crecimiento lento y de comportamiento frecuentemente benigno, que ocurren en la base del corazón, son inusuales, pudiendo ocurrir en perros y raramente en gatos y bovinos. La evaluación radiográfica y ultrasonografía contribuyen en el diagnóstico de paraganglioma de cuerpo aórtico y carotideo en perros, siendo necesarias mayores investigaciones semiológicas debido a los signos clínicos inespecíficos. El objetivo del presente artículo es relatar la ocurrencia de paraganglioma de cuerpo aórtico y carotideo en perros en el período de 2004 a 2015 en el hospital veterinario de la Universidad de Uberaba, destacándose los signos clínicos, raza, edad, sexo y presencia de metástasis. En un total de 225 exámenes histológicos de corazón y vasos de la base cardíaca realizados en este período, cinco perros (2,22%) fueron diagnosticados como portadores de paraganglioma, siendo que dos (40%) eran hembras y tres (60%) machos. La edad mediana de ocurrencia fue de 10,4 ± 4,72 años, no siendo observada una predilección racial. Los paragangliomas de cuerpo aórtico representaron cuatro (80%) de los tumores, mientras que los de cuerpo carotideo representaron sólo uno (20%). Los signos clínicos fueron variables por estar relacionados con la compresión vascular local, con el comprometimiento de los órganos afectados y por la congestión venosa, con consecuente aumento de la presión hidrostática y extravasación de líquido para la cavidad torácica. Se destaca que en un perro desarrolló metástasis hepática. A pesar de la ocurrencia inusual el paraganglioma debe ser incluido en la lista de diagnósticos diferenciales de cardiopatía en perros.(AU)

Paraganglioma en perro asociada con la insuficiencia cardíaca: reporte de un caso / Canine paraganglioma associate with bankruptcy cardiac: case report / Paraganglioma em cão associado à falência cardíaca: relato de caso

Neoplasmas primarios del corazón son raros en todas las especies domésticas, sin embargo, paragangliomas se producen en los perros. En este informe, un perro de raza Golden Retriever fue enviado al Departamento de Patología del Hospital Veterinario - UNESP, Botucatu con histórico de muerte súbita. En la necropsia, el corazón mostró neoformación adyacente a la vena cava caudal y en la aurícula derecha, otra parte, fueron observados en ambos pulmones varios nodos. El material recogida fue procesado y se tiñó con hematoxilina-eosina. También se realizó inmunohistoquímica para panel de anticuerpos primarios anti-citoqueratina, antivimentina, anti-desmina, músculo liso anti-actina alfa, anti-factor VIII y anti-enolasa neuronal específica (NSE). Con base en los datos clínicos y morfológicos, anatómicos, histológicos, además, inmunorreactividad positiva para NSE, el tumor se caracterizó por ser un paraganglioma grado 2 de malignidad. Este informe tiene como objetivo contribuir agregando datos a la literatura de esta neoplasia(AU)

Primary neoplasms of the heart are rare in all domestic species, however, paragangliomas occur in dogs. In this case report, a Golden Retriever breed was sent to the Pathology Department of Veterinary Veterinary Hospital - UNESP, Botucatu with sudden death. At necropsy, the heart showed neoformation adjacent to the caudal vena cava and in the right atrium and, in both lungs were observed many nodes. The collected material was processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. It was also performed immunohistochemical panel for anti-cytokeratin, anti-vimentin, anti-desmin, smooth muscle anti-alpha actin, anti-factor VIII and anti-enolase specific neuron (NSE). Based on the clinical and morphological findings, anatomical, histological, additionally, to positive immunoreactivity for NSE, the tumor was characterized as a paraganglioma grade 2 of malignancy. This report aims to contribute by adding data to the literature of this neoplasm(AU)

Neoplasias primárias do coração são raras em todas as espécies domésticas, contudo, os paragangliomas ocorrem em cães. No presente relato, um cão da raça Golden Retriever foi encaminhado para o Serviço de Patologia Veterinária do Hospital Veterinário UNESP, Botucatu com queixa de morte súbita. Ao exame de necropsia, o coração apresentou neoformação adjacente a veia cava caudal e também em aurícula direita. Além disso, em ambos os pulmões, foram observados diversos nódulos. O material coletado foi processado rotineiramente e corado pelo método de hematoxilina-eosina. Também foi realizado painel imuno-histoquímico para os anticorpos primários anti-citoqueratina, anti-vimentina, antidesmina, anti-alfa actina de músculo liso, anti-fator VIII e anti-enolase neurônio específico (NSE). Baseados nos dados clínicos e achados morfológicos, anatômicos, histopatológico, adicionalmente, a imunoreatividade positiva para NSE, o tumor foi caracterizado como um paraganglioma grau 2 de malignidade. O presente relato visa contribuir adicionando dados à literatura desta neoplasia(AU)

Paraganglioma en perro asociada con la insuficiencia cardíaca: reporte de un caso / Canine paraganglioma associate with bankruptcy cardiac: case report / Paraganglioma em cão associado à falência cardíaca: relato de caso

Neoplasmas primarios del corazón son raros en todas las especies domésticas, sin embargo, paragangliomas se producen en los perros. En este informe, un perro de raza Golden Retriever fue enviado al Departamento de Patología del Hospital Veterinario - UNESP, Botucatu con histórico de muerte súbita. En la necropsia, el corazón mostró neoformación adyacente a la vena cava caudal y en la aurícula derecha, otra parte, fueron observados en ambos pulmones varios nodos. El material recogida fue procesado y se tiñó con hematoxilina-eosina. También se realizó inmunohistoquímica para panel de anticuerpos primarios anti-citoqueratina, antivimentina, anti-desmina, músculo liso anti-actina alfa, anti-factor VIII y anti-enolasa neuronal específica (NSE). Con base en los datos clínicos y morfológicos, anatómicos, histológicos, además, inmunorreactividad positiva para NSE, el tumor se caracterizó por ser un paraganglioma grado 2 de malignidad. Este informe tiene como objetivo contribuir agregando datos a la literatura de esta neoplasia

Primary neoplasms of the heart are rare in all domestic species, however, paragangliomas occur in dogs. In this case report, a Golden Retriever breed was sent to the Pathology Department of Veterinary Veterinary Hospital - UNESP, Botucatu with sudden death. At necropsy, the heart showed neoformation adjacent to the caudal vena cava and in the right atrium and, in both lungs were observed many nodes. The collected material was processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. It was also performed immunohistochemical panel for anti-cytokeratin, anti-vimentin, anti-desmin, smooth muscle anti-alpha actin, anti-factor VIII and anti-enolase specific neuron (NSE). Based on the clinical and morphological findings, anatomical, histological, additionally, to positive immunoreactivity for NSE, the tumor was characterized as a paraganglioma grade 2 of malignancy. This report aims to contribute by adding data to the literature of this neoplasm

Neoplasias primárias do coração são raras em todas as espécies domésticas, contudo, os paragangliomas ocorrem em cães. No presente relato, um cão da raça Golden Retriever foi encaminhado para o Serviço de Patologia Veterinária do Hospital Veterinário UNESP, Botucatu com queixa de morte súbita. Ao exame de necropsia, o coração apresentou neoformação adjacente a veia cava caudal e também em aurícula direita. Além disso, em ambos os pulmões, foram observados diversos nódulos. O material coletado foi processado rotineiramente e corado pelo método de hematoxilina-eosina. Também foi realizado painel imuno-histoquímico para os anticorpos primários anti-citoqueratina, anti-vimentina, antidesmina, anti-alfa actina de músculo liso, anti-fator VIII e anti-enolase neurônio específico (NSE). Baseados nos dados clínicos e achados morfológicos, anatômicos, histopatológico, adicionalmente, a imunoreatividade positiva para NSE, o tumor foi caracterizado como um paraganglioma grau 2 de malignidade. O presente relato visa contribuir adicionando dados à literatura desta neoplasia

Síndrome de horner em consequência à quemodectoma maligno em dobermann / Horner syndrome as result of a malignant quemodectoma in dobermann

A síndrome de horner (SH) ocorre devido à alteração na inervação simpática do olho, caracterizada principalmente por uma tétrade de sinais: ptose, miose, enoftalmia, protrusão de terceira pálpebra. Vários fatores podem contribuir para o estabelecimento dessa síndrome como secundária a traumas, infarto, neoplasia ou doenças inflamatórias. As neoplasias em regiões cervicais podem comprimir a inervação simpática do olho, causar metástase em determinadas regiões do corpo, e a alta vascularização, localização e íntima relação do tumor com estruturas nobres (vasos da cavidade torácica e pescoço) tornam o prognóstico desfavorável. Dessa forma, objetiva-se relatar a ocorrência de SH por compressão cervical do tronco vago simpático por quemodectoma carotídeo maligno.

Horner's syndrome (HS) occurs due to loss of sympathetic innervation to the eye, mainly characterized by a tetrad of signs: ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos, and protrusion of the third eyelid. Several factors may contribute to the syndrome secondary to trauma, stroke, cancer or inflammatory diseases. Neoplasms in cervical regions may compress the sympathetic innervation of the eye, causing metastasis in certain regions of the body, and high vascularity, location and intimate relationship of the tumor with important structures (vessels of the chest and neck) make an unfavorable prognosis. Thus, the objective is to report the occurrence of HS by cervical compression of the vagus sympathetic trunk by quemodctoma malignant carotid.

Síndrome de horner em consequência à quemodectoma maligno em dobermann / Horner syndrome as result of a malignant quemodectoma in dobermann

A síndrome de horner (SH) ocorre devido à alteração na inervação simpática do olho, caracterizada principalmente por uma tétrade de sinais: ptose, miose, enoftalmia, protrusão de terceira pálpebra. Vários fatores podem contribuir para o estabelecimento dessa síndrome como secundária a traumas, infarto, neoplasia ou doenças inflamatórias. As neoplasias em regiões cervicais podem comprimir a inervação simpática do olho, causar metástase em determinadas regiões do corpo, e a alta vascularização, localização e íntima relação do tumor com estruturas nobres (vasos da cavidade torácica e pescoço) tornam o prognóstico desfavorável. Dessa forma, objetiva-se relatar a ocorrência de SH por compressão cervical do tronco vago simpático por quemodectoma carotídeo maligno.(AU)

Horner's syndrome (HS) occurs due to loss of sympathetic innervation to the eye, mainly characterized by a tetrad of signs: ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos, and protrusion of the third eyelid. Several factors may contribute to the syndrome secondary to trauma, stroke, cancer or inflammatory diseases. Neoplasms in cervical regions may compress the sympathetic innervation of the eye, causing metastasis in certain regions of the body, and high vascularity, location and intimate relationship of the tumor with important structures (vessels of the chest and neck) make an unfavorable prognosis. Thus, the objective is to report the occurrence of HS by cervical compression of the vagus sympathetic trunk by quemodctoma malignant carotid.(AU)

TUMOR DE ARCO AÓRTICO EM CÃO (Canis familiaris) - RELATO DE CASO

O tumor do arco aórtico, também citado na literatura veterinária como tumor da base do coração, quimiodectoma ou paraganglioma (5,7), se origina de quimiorreceptores situados na adventícia da aorta. Os quimiorreceptores são estruturas especializadas na manutenção da homeostase do sistema cardiorrespiratório, funcionando tanto como barorreceptores, quando promovem o aumento ou a diminuição da freqüência cardíaca, da pressão arterial, do tônus vasomotor, da atividade do córtex cerebral e da liberação de adrenalina, como também agem como quimiorreceptores, detectando variações do pH sangüíneo, pressão de oxigênio (PO2) e de dióxido de carbono (PCO2) (2). Embora incomuns, os quimiodectomas podem acometer cães e raramente gatos e bovinos. Cães idosos e de raças braquiocefálicas como boxer, bulldog e boston terrier apresentam maior predisposição ao desenvolvimento deste tipo de neoplasia (3,5). Os quimiodectomas são afuncionais, frequentemente benignos, de crescimento lento e os sinais clínicos resultam da obstrução mecânica nos vasos da base do coração (5,6). Os animais apresentam história clínica de dificuldade respiratória, tosse e intolerância ao exercício e sinais associados a insuficiência do coração direito como distensão da jugular, efusão pleural, efusão abdominal e edema periférico (2). O diagnóstico do tumor e da efusão pericárdica baseia-se nos achados clínicos e de image

Quimiodectoma em equino: relato de caso / Chemodectoma in equine: case report / Quimiodectoma en equina: presentación de un caso

O quimiodectoma corresponde à neoplasia dos quimiorreceptores periféricos que detectam alterações de pH, temperatura e pressões parciais de O2 e CO2 na corrente sanguínea. A partir desta detecção, esses transmitem impulsos nervosos para os centros cerebrais respiratórios e cardíacos para promoção da homeostase, através do sistema nervoso autônomo. Em levantamento bibliográfico há relato de apenas dois casos em equinos, um no corpo aórtico de uma fêmea de 5 anos e em um macho castrado de 13 anos de idade. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso de quimiodectoma em equino diagnosticado em necropsia no Hospital Veterinário de Uberaba.(AU)

The chemodectoma corresponds to the peripheral chemoreceptors neoplasia which detect changes in pH, temperature and partial pressures of 02 and C02 in the bloodstream. From this detection, these transmit nerve impulses to the brain respiratory and cardiac centers to promote homeostasis, through the autonomic nervous system. In literature there are reports of only two cases in horses, one in aortic body of a female of 5 years and in a castrated male 13 years old. The aim of this study is to report a case of chemodectomaequinus diagnosed at autopsy at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba.(AU)

El quimiodectoma corresponde a la neoplasia de los quimiorreceptores periféricos que detectan alteraciones de pH, temperatura y presiones parciales de O2 y CO2 en la corrí ente sanguínea. A partir de esta detección, estos transmiten impulsos nerviosos para los centros cerebrales, respiratorios y cardíacos para promoción de la homeostase, através del sistema nervioso autónomo. En el levantamiento bibliográfico, hay relatos de apenas dos casos en equinos, uno en el cuerpo aórtico de una hembra de 5 anos yotro en un macho castrado de 13 anos de edad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es relatar un caso de quimiodectoma en equino diagnosticado en necropsia en el Hospital Veterinário de Uberaba.(AU)

Quimiodectoma em equino: relato de caso / Chemodectoma in equine: case report / Quimiodectoma en equina: presentación de un caso

O quimiodectoma corresponde à neoplasia dos quimiorreceptores periféricos que detectam alterações de pH, temperatura e pressões parciais de O2 e CO2 na corrente sanguínea. A partir desta detecção, esses transmitem impulsos nervosos para os centros cerebrais respiratórios e cardíacos para promoção da homeostase, através do sistema nervoso autônomo. Em levantamento bibliográfico há relato de apenas dois casos em equinos, um no corpo aórtico de uma fêmea de 5 anos e em um macho castrado de 13 anos de idade. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso de quimiodectoma em equino diagnosticado em necropsia no Hospital Veterinário de Uberaba.

The chemodectoma corresponds to the peripheral chemoreceptors neoplasia which detect changes in pH, temperature and partial pressures of 02 and C02 in the bloodstream. From this detection, these transmit nerve impulses to the brain respiratory and cardiac centers to promote homeostasis, through the autonomic nervous system. In literature there are reports of only two cases in horses, one in aortic body of a female of 5 years and in a castrated male 13 years old. The aim of this study is to report a case of chemodectomaequinus diagnosed at autopsy at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba.

El quimiodectoma corresponde a la neoplasia de los quimiorreceptores periféricos que detectan alteraciones de pH, temperatura y presiones parciales de O2 y CO2 en la corrí ente sanguínea. A partir de esta detección, estos transmiten impulsos nerviosos para los centros cerebrales, respiratorios y cardíacos para promoción de la homeostase, através del sistema nervioso autónomo. En el levantamiento bibliográfico, hay relatos de apenas dos casos en equinos, uno en el cuerpo aórtico de una hembra de 5 anos yotro en un macho castrado de 13 anos de edad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es relatar un caso de quimiodectoma en equino diagnosticado en necropsia en el Hospital Veterinário de Uberaba.

Paraganglioma de corpo aórtico e carotídeo / Aortic and carotid body paraganglioma / Paraganglioma de cuerpo aórtico y carótida

Os paragangliomas são neoplasias de células neuroendócrinas (Paraneurônios) do sistema parassimpático (Paraganglia), e ocorrem normalmente no corpo aórtico (base do coração) e carotídeo (pescoço). São tumores raros, frequentemente benignos, que podem raramente metastatizar. Raças braquiocefálicas e animais que vivem em elevadas altitudes são mais predispostos ao desenvolvimento de paragangliomas. Esta revisão bibliográfica objetiva-se descrever as manifestações clínicas, etiopatogenia, formas de diagnóstico e tratamento dos paragangliomas.(AU)

The paraganglioms are neoplasms of neuroendocrine cells (Paraneurons) of the parasympathetic system (Paraganglia). Normally occur on the aortic (base of heart) and carotid (neck) bodies. They are rare tumors, frequently beginners and its rarely able to metastasize. Braquicephalics breeds and animals that live in high altitudes are more predisposed to developing paraganglioms. This bibliographic review describes clinical manifestation, etiopathogeny and types of diagnosis and treatment of the paraganglioms.(AU)

Los paragangliomas son neoplasias de las células neuroendocrinas (Paraneuronas) del sistema parasimpático (Paraganglios) y ocurren normalmente en el cuerpo aórtico (base del corazón) y carótida (cuello). Son tumores raros, frecuentemente benignos, que pueden raramente ocurrir metástasis. Razas braquiocefálicas y animales que viven en altas altitudes son más predispuestos al desenvolvimiento de paragangliomas. Esta revisión bibliográfica describe las manifestaciones clínicas, etiopatogenia, método de diagnóstico y tratamiento de los paragangliomas.(AU)