Hematological and biochemical alterations in female dogs with mammary cancer and inflammatory carcinoma / Alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas em cadelas com neoplasias mamárias e carcinoma inflamatório

Hematological and biochemical alterations in animals with neoplasms may result from the direct effects of tumor growth or paraneoplastic syndromes. The objective of this study was to evaluate these hematological and biochemical alterations in female dogs with mammary tumors and with inflammatory carcinoma (IC). Blood samples were collected from 43 female dogs divided into three groups according to clinical staging: Group 1 (G1) - animals in initial stage (T1,2,3N0M0, N=17), Group 2 (G2) - animals in advanced stage (T1,2,3N1M0,1, N=15) and Group 3 (G3) - animals presenting IC (N=11). Hematological and biochemical parameters obtained were related to patients' clinical staging. Among alterations, the most common were anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, monocytosis, increased ALT, AST, and hypoalbuminemia, mainly in dogs in advanced clinical staging and with inflammatory carcinoma.

Aterações hematológicas e bioquímicas em animais portadores de neoplasias podem resultar dos efeitos diretos do crescimento tumoral ou de síndromes paraneoplásicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas em cadelas com neoplasias mamárias e carcinoma inflamatório (IC). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 43 cadelas divididas em três grupos de acordo com o estadiamento clínico: grupo 1 (G1) - cadelas em estádio inicial (T1,2,3N0M0, N=17), grupo 2 (G2) - cadelas em estádio avançado (T1,2,3N1M0,1, N=15) e grupo 3 (G3) - cadelas que apresentaram IC (N=11). Os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos obtidos foram relacionados com o estadiamento clínico das pacientes. Entre as alterações, as mais comuns foram anemia, leucocitose neutrofílica, monocitose, aumento de ALT, AST e hipoalbuminemia, principalmente em cadelas em estadiamento clínico avançado e com carcinoma inflamatório.

Sarcoma estromal esplênico em canino da raça labrador / Splenic stromal sarcoma in a labrador dog

Background: Splenic stromal neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of tumors that shares the morphology of spindle cells, and are considered a primary mesenchymal neoplasm of the spleen. Among these neoplasms, some are as yet unclassified. Although stromal neoplasms represent 25 a 50% of dog splenic neoplasms in dogs, subtypes rarely occur alone. As these neoplasms are difficult to diagnose in the routine veterinary medical examination, the objective of this article was to report a case of splenic stromal sarcoma in a dog treated at a private veterinary hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Case: An 8-year-old male labrador dog was treated at a veterinary hospital for an initial clinical suspicion of gastroenteritis. Clinical examinations showed anemic ocular mucosa and a distended abdomen. Considering the animal's condition, blood count, serum biochemistry, and abdominal ultrasonography (US) were requested. The laboratory tests revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and changes in the indices of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), among other findings. Abdominal ultrasound showed hepatomegaly, diffuse splenomegaly, a neoformation in the spleen suggestive of splenic neoplasia, and mild cystic prostatic hyperplasia. The dog underwent exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy. During the procedure, a nodule was found attached to the spleen. It was removed, fixed in a 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, and sent for histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations (vimentin, S100, desmin, MyoD1, HHF35, CD31, and alpha smooth muscle actin). The histopathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated spindle cell splenic sarcoma, compatible with splenic stromal sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry showed neoplastic cells immunoreactive for vimentin and S100, and it was not reactive for other markers. Based on the immunohistochemical and morphological profile, the diagnosis of splenic stromal sarcoma was confirmed. Discussion: Dogs affected by splenic neoplasms are generally aged between three and 17 years, and clinically present with anorexia, emesis, lethargy, weight loss, and abdomen distension, which were observed in the present case. However, a purelyclinical diagnosis is disputable, since other diseases can present the same signs. Thus, complementary exams are essential for a correct diagnosis. Laboratory changes in blood count and serum biochemistry are considered nonspecific for splenic neoplasms, with neutrophilic leukocytosis and anemia being consistent with paraneoplastic syndromes frequently diagnosed in small animals. Microscopically, splenic stromal sarcomas are characterized by focal splenic nodules composed of cohesive polygonal to spindle-shaped cell layers. The cells usually exhibit anisokaryosis and often have large oval to round vesicular nuclei and, occasionally, multinucleated cells. They have large areas of necrosis, diffuse or nodular lymphoid aggregates, and foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis, consistent with the histopathological examination reported in the present case. The immunohistochemical analysis included evaluation of seven markers to elucidate the histogenesis of the neoplasm, with the anti-vimentin and anti-S100 markers demonstrating positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity, revealing the mesenchymal origin of the neoplasm. Thus, the definitive diagnosis was splenic stromal sarcoma, a rare and aggressive neoplasm.

Eletrocardiografia em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia unilateral total / Electrocardiogram in bitches submitted to unilateral total mastectomy

Background: The frequency of oncological diseases in companion animals has increased in recent years, mainly due tothe longer longevity of dogs. The neoplasms are not only open by the presence of the tumor and its location, but also byparaneoplastic syndromes, which are disorders that occur due to the production of substances by the tumor that cause.In addition to causing local changes and damages, oncological diseases may also result in injuries at distant sites, suchas paraneoplastic syndromes, which, if untreated, may result in death of animals. The present study aimed to investigatewhether female dogs with mammary tumors demonstrate electrocardiographic changes, and if so, to investigate whetherthese cease after removal of the tumor, and to relate the type of tumor with the occurrence of arrhythmias.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen female dogs, aged between 4 and 14 years, underwent electrocardiogram 24 hprior to undergoing a total unilateral mastectomy. After removal of the tumor, electrocardiograms were again performed 24(M24), 48 (M48), and 72 (M72), as well as 14 days (M14d) after surgery. Histological analysis of the neoplasms showedthat 55% of the tumors were benign, with predominance of adenoma (38%), and 45% were malignant, with predominanceof adenocarcinoma (22%). The following rhythms and arrhythmias were observed: normal sinus rhythm (37.2%), sinusarrhythmia (62.8%), wandering pacemaker (26%), 1st degree atrioventricular block (AVB; 5%), premature ventricularcomplex (PVC; 10%), and T-wave > 25% of R-wave (25%); more than one change could occur simultaneously. Out of theevaluated electrocardiographic parameters, a significant difference was observed in the QT interval between the followingtimepoints: M24 (204 ± 18), M48 (204 ± 22), and M72 (203 ± 23), as well as Mbasal (192 ± 15) and M14d (178 ± 43).Discussion: Regarding the observed rhythms, arrhythmias, and changes, respiratory sinus arrhythmia was the normal predominant... (AU)

Eletrocardiografia em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia unilateral total / Electrocardiogram in bitches submitted to unilateral total mastectomy

Background: The frequency of oncological diseases in companion animals has increased in recent years, mainly due tothe longer longevity of dogs. The neoplasms are not only open by the presence of the tumor and its location, but also byparaneoplastic syndromes, which are disorders that occur due to the production of substances by the tumor that cause.In addition to causing local changes and damages, oncological diseases may also result in injuries at distant sites, suchas paraneoplastic syndromes, which, if untreated, may result in death of animals. The present study aimed to investigatewhether female dogs with mammary tumors demonstrate electrocardiographic changes, and if so, to investigate whetherthese cease after removal of the tumor, and to relate the type of tumor with the occurrence of arrhythmias.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen female dogs, aged between 4 and 14 years, underwent electrocardiogram 24 hprior to undergoing a total unilateral mastectomy. After removal of the tumor, electrocardiograms were again performed 24(M24), 48 (M48), and 72 (M72), as well as 14 days (M14d) after surgery. Histological analysis of the neoplasms showedthat 55% of the tumors were benign, with predominance of adenoma (38%), and 45% were malignant, with predominanceof adenocarcinoma (22%). The following rhythms and arrhythmias were observed: normal sinus rhythm (37.2%), sinusarrhythmia (62.8%), wandering pacemaker (26%), 1st degree atrioventricular block (AVB; 5%), premature ventricularcomplex (PVC; 10%), and T-wave > 25% of R-wave (25%); more than one change could occur simultaneously. Out of theevaluated electrocardiographic parameters, a significant difference was observed in the QT interval between the followingtimepoints: M24 (204 ± 18), M48 (204 ± 22), and M72 (203 ± 23), as well as Mbasal (192 ± 15) and M14d (178 ± 43).Discussion: Regarding the observed rhythms, arrhythmias, and changes, respiratory sinus arrhythmia was the normal predominant...

Timoma canino associado à miastenia gravis / Canine thymoma associated to myasthenia gravis

Background: Thymomas are epithelial neoplasms of the thymus, although lymphocyte infiltration is common. Histological features are not sufficient to define its biological behaviour, which is dependent of clinical criteria of invasiveness and resectability. Myasthenia gravis may happen as a paraneoplastic syndrome in up to 47% of canine thymomas. This article aims at reporting a case of thymoma associated with myasthenia gravis in a dog, emphasizing the morphological, phenotypical and therapeutical aspects.Case: A 7-year-old, male Labrador, was presented with a history of acute dyspnea and exercise intolerance. The physical examination revealed a “red-brick” mucousa, tachycardia and cardiac and pulmonar hypofonese. Chest radiographs revealed an area of increased radiopacity in the cranial mediastinum without a plane of separation to the heart. The eccodopplercardiogram exam identified a poorly delimited mass adjacent to the base of the heart, measuring 9.5x6.8cm. Computed tomography demonstrated it as an expansive neoformation (9.5x6.5x7.8cm). Mass was removed through intercostal thoracotomy and the removed tissue was submitted to histopathology with a diagnosis compatible with type AB thymoma (mixed). Immunohistochemistry was positive for AE1/AE3 citokeratin in 90% of epithelial cells, confirming tumour origin. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes were positive for CD79a (70%) and CD3 (20%). The proliferation index (Ki-67 imunolabeling) was 60%. About 45 days after surgery the patient was presented with generalized muscle weakness and regurgitation, with confirmed megaesophagus on chest X-ray. Treatment with pyridostigmine was initiated because of suspected myasthenia gravis, and complete remission of the neurological signs occurred within a month. A chemotherapeutic protocol with carboplatin was then instituted. After four sessions, a new thoracic radiograph revealed tumour recurrence in the cranial mediastinum.[...]

Timoma canino associado à miastenia gravis / Canine thymoma associated to myasthenia gravis

Background: Thymomas are epithelial neoplasms of the thymus, although lymphocyte infiltration is common. Histological features are not sufficient to define its biological behaviour, which is dependent of clinical criteria of invasiveness and resectability. Myasthenia gravis may happen as a paraneoplastic syndrome in up to 47% of canine thymomas. This article aims at reporting a case of thymoma associated with myasthenia gravis in a dog, emphasizing the morphological, phenotypical and therapeutical aspects.Case: A 7-year-old, male Labrador, was presented with a history of acute dyspnea and exercise intolerance. The physical examination revealed a “red-brick” mucousa, tachycardia and cardiac and pulmonar hypofonese. Chest radiographs revealed an area of increased radiopacity in the cranial mediastinum without a plane of separation to the heart. The eccodopplercardiogram exam identified a poorly delimited mass adjacent to the base of the heart, measuring 9.5x6.8cm. Computed tomography demonstrated it as an expansive neoformation (9.5x6.5x7.8cm). Mass was removed through intercostal thoracotomy and the removed tissue was submitted to histopathology with a diagnosis compatible with type AB thymoma (mixed). Immunohistochemistry was positive for AE1/AE3 citokeratin in 90% of epithelial cells, confirming tumour origin. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes were positive for CD79a (70%) and CD3 (20%). The proliferation index (Ki-67 imunolabeling) was 60%. About 45 days after surgery the patient was presented with generalized muscle weakness and regurgitation, with confirmed megaesophagus on chest X-ray. Treatment with pyridostigmine was initiated because of suspected myasthenia gravis, and complete remission of the neurological signs occurred within a month. A chemotherapeutic protocol with carboplatin was then instituted. After four sessions, a new thoracic radiograph revealed tumour recurrence in the cranial mediastinum.[...](AU)

Granulosa cell tumor associated with occult hyperadrenocorticism in a yorkshire terrier bitch

Background: Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), is considered a set of symptoms due to excessive exposure to cortisol. Naturally occurring HAC is most often related to pituitary tumors (pituitary-dependent HAC - PDH). Occult HAC, is referred as a clinical picture highly consistent with HAC; however, routine screening tests are negative. In addition, one or more steroids are elevated following administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Ovarian granulosa cell tumors, can produce steroids leading to paraneoplastic syndromes. The objective of this study was to report an unpublished case of ovarian granulosa cell tumor associated with occult hyperadrenocorticism in a Yorkshire Terrier.Case: A 13-year-old intact female dog, Yorkshire Terrier, was brought for consultation with slight weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia, irregular estrous cycles, increased abdominal volume and thin coat. On physical examination the animal was gasping and presented severe periodontal disease, bulging abdomen, alopecia and skin hyperpigmentation. Complete blood count presented no changes; however, serum biochemistry evaluation highlighted hyperalbuminemia, hypertriglyceridemia, alkaline phosphatase increased activity, and urinary specific gravity and creatinine below reference values. On abdominal ultrasonography left adrenal gland measured 2.08 cm x 1.08 cm and the right adrenal gland measured 2.11 cm x 0.84 cm, indicating bilateral adrenomegaly compatible with PDH. In the hypogastric abdomen, a large heterogeneous hypoechogenic mass was also observed, with areas of cystic cavities, measuring 5.80 cm x 7.30 cm. A low dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) was performed, due to PDH suspicion. The test did not confirm HAC, suspecting, then, to be a case of occult/atypical HAC. Due to the strong clinical suspicion, and owner financial problems for further investigated occult HAC, trilostane treatment was initiated.[...](AU)

Granulosa cell tumor associated with occult hyperadrenocorticism in a yorkshire terrier bitch

Background: Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), is considered a set of symptoms due to excessive exposure to cortisol. Naturally occurring HAC is most often related to pituitary tumors (pituitary-dependent HAC - PDH). Occult HAC, is referred as a clinical picture highly consistent with HAC; however, routine screening tests are negative. In addition, one or more steroids are elevated following administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Ovarian granulosa cell tumors, can produce steroids leading to paraneoplastic syndromes. The objective of this study was to report an unpublished case of ovarian granulosa cell tumor associated with occult hyperadrenocorticism in a Yorkshire Terrier.Case: A 13-year-old intact female dog, Yorkshire Terrier, was brought for consultation with slight weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia, irregular estrous cycles, increased abdominal volume and thin coat. On physical examination the animal was gasping and presented severe periodontal disease, bulging abdomen, alopecia and skin hyperpigmentation. Complete blood count presented no changes; however, serum biochemistry evaluation highlighted hyperalbuminemia, hypertriglyceridemia, alkaline phosphatase increased activity, and urinary specific gravity and creatinine below reference values. On abdominal ultrasonography left adrenal gland measured 2.08 cm x 1.08 cm and the right adrenal gland measured 2.11 cm x 0.84 cm, indicating bilateral adrenomegaly compatible with PDH. In the hypogastric abdomen, a large heterogeneous hypoechogenic mass was also observed, with areas of cystic cavities, measuring 5.80 cm x 7.30 cm. A low dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) was performed, due to PDH suspicion. The test did not confirm HAC, suspecting, then, to be a case of occult/atypical HAC. Due to the strong clinical suspicion, and owner financial problems for further investigated occult HAC, trilostane treatment was initiated.[...]

Paraneoplastic hematological, biochemical, and hemostatic abnormalities in female dogs with mammary neoplasms / Anormalidades hematológicas, bioquímicas e hemostáticas de origem paraneoplásica em fêmeas caninas com neoplasia mamária

Paraneoplastic laboratory abnormalities are identified in several types of cancers in dogs and cats. In veterinary medicine, particularly in mammary cancer, there are few studies that correlate abnormal laboratory findings with tumor type and staging. The aim of this study was to evaluate hematological, biochemical, and hemostatic abnormalities and correlate them with mammary tumor staging in female dogs with mammary cancer. Blood samples from 24 female dogs were evaluated, and the hematological, biochemical, and hemostatic parameters were correlated with tumor staging obtained by physical examination, imaging exams, and histopathological surgical biopsies. The groups were organized according to tumor staging: group 1 (stages I and II), group 2 (stage III), and group 3 (stages IV and V). Anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, monocytosis, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, and low blood urea were observed. The variables MCHC, TPP, and RDW were correlated with tumor staging with no clinical relevance. Thrombin time and fibrinogen were significant between the groups in the coagulation test, being associated with tumor staging. The findings suggest influence of the proinflammatory cytokines released during tumor growth.(AU)

Alterações laboratoriais de origem paraneoplásica são identificadas em diversos tipos de câncer de cães e gatos. Na medicina veterinária, existem poucos estudos que correlacionam os achados laboratoriais anormais com o tipo e estadiamento tumorais, principalmente em cadelas com neoplasia mamária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações hematológicas, bioquímicas e hemostáticas em cadelas com neoplasia mamária e relacioná-las com o estadiamento tumoral. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 24 fêmeas caninas, e os parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e hemostáticos obtidos foram relacionados com o estadiamento tumoral, realizado através do exame físico, exames de imagem e avaliação histopatológica após remoção cirúrgica. Os grupos foram organizados de acordo com o estadiamento tumoral em: Grupo 1 (estádios I e II), grupo 2 (estádio III) e grupo 3 (estádios IV e V). Observou-se anemia, leucocitose neutrofílica, monocitose, eosinofilia, trombocitose, hipoalbuminemia, hipocalcemia, hipoglicemia e diminuição de ureia sanguínea. As variáveis CHCM, PPT e RDW foram relacionadas com o estadiamento tumoral, porém sem relevância clínica. Nos testes de coagulação, o TT e o fibrinogênio apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos, sendo associado com estadiamento tumoral. Os resultados sugerem influência das citocinas pró-inflamatórias liberadas durante o crescimento do tumor.(AU)

Osteopatia hipertrófica secundária a osteossarcomacondroblástico extraesquelético em um cão / Hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to extraskeletal chondroblastic osteosarcoma in a dog

Background: hypertrophic osteopathy is a periosteum disturb characterized by diffuse new bone formation which leads tosignificant thickening and deformity of members. Secondary in nature, it usually follows large pulmonary lesions such asabscesses and neoplasms. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare and extremely malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. Theycomprise approximately 1% of all domestic animals’ osteosarcomas and develop in the absence of a primary bone lesion.The aim of this paper was to describe a case of hypertrophic osteopathy, involving joints and upper limbs bones includingilium, secondary to a mediastinal chondroblastic osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis.Case: A 10-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog, weighing 9 kg, was presented with painful limbs, lameness, hind limbsswelling and a four-month history of weight loss. Radiographic examination revealed bilateral and asymmetric periostealreactions on diaphyseal and/or epiphyseal areas of all proximal phalanges; metacarpal, metatarsal, carpal and tarsal bones;radius; ulna; tibia; fibula; humerus; femur and right ilium. An increased soft tissue radiopacity was noted on the lateral sideof the right knee joint. Thoracic radiographies and ultrasonography suggested the presence of a 5-cm neoplasm or abscessin the left caudal lung lobe. At necropsy, the lobe showed a firm and solid, oval white mass measuring 5.2 x 2.9 cm. Anothermass was found in the caudal mediastinum, near the diaphragm, with same color and more irregular aspect, measuring 3.3cm of diameter. Intense periosteal new-bone formation was seen in the entire length of the four limbs bones, characterizedby thickening of the bone surface and formation of irregular trabeculae perpendicular to the cortex. Significant swelling andthickening of the joint capsule was noted in the right knee. There was no microbial growth on aerobic or anaerobic culturesfrom the masses samples sent to culture. [...]

Osteopatia hipertrófica secundária a osteossarcomacondroblástico extraesquelético em um cão / Hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to extraskeletal chondroblastic osteosarcoma in a dog

Background: hypertrophic osteopathy is a periosteum disturb characterized by diffuse new bone formation which leads tosignificant thickening and deformity of members. Secondary in nature, it usually follows large pulmonary lesions such asabscesses and neoplasms. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare and extremely malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. Theycomprise approximately 1% of all domestic animals osteosarcomas and develop in the absence of a primary bone lesion.The aim of this paper was to describe a case of hypertrophic osteopathy, involving joints and upper limbs bones includingilium, secondary to a mediastinal chondroblastic osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis.Case: A 10-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog, weighing 9 kg, was presented with painful limbs, lameness, hind limbsswelling and a four-month history of weight loss. Radiographic examination revealed bilateral and asymmetric periostealreactions on diaphyseal and/or epiphyseal areas of all proximal phalanges; metacarpal, metatarsal, carpal and tarsal bones;radius; ulna; tibia; fibula; humerus; femur and right ilium. An increased soft tissue radiopacity was noted on the lateral sideof the right knee joint. Thoracic radiographies and ultrasonography suggested the presence of a 5-cm neoplasm or abscessin the left caudal lung lobe. At necropsy, the lobe showed a firm and solid, oval white mass measuring 5.2 x 2.9 cm. Anothermass was found in the caudal mediastinum, near the diaphragm, with same color and more irregular aspect, measuring 3.3cm of diameter. Intense periosteal new-bone formation was seen in the entire length of the four limbs bones, characterizedby thickening of the bone surface and formation of irregular trabeculae perpendicular to the cortex. Significant swelling andthickening of the joint capsule was noted in the right knee. There was no microbial growth on aerobic or anaerobic culturesfrom the masses samples sent to culture. [...](AU)

Paraneoplastic hematological, biochemical, and hemostatic abnormalities in female dogs with mammary neoplasms / Anormalidades hematológicas, bioquímicas e hemostáticas de origem paraneoplásica em fêmeas caninas com neoplasia mamária

Paraneoplastic laboratory abnormalities are identified in several types of cancers in dogs and cats. In veterinary medicine, particularly in mammary cancer, there are few studies that correlate abnormal laboratory findings with tumor type and staging. The aim of this study was to evaluate hematological, biochemical, and hemostatic abnormalities and correlate them with mammary tumor staging in female dogs with mammary cancer. Blood samples from 24 female dogs were evaluated, and the hematological, biochemical, and hemostatic parameters were correlated with tumor staging obtained by physical examination, imaging exams, and histopathological surgical biopsies. The groups were organized according to tumor staging: group 1 (stages I and II), group 2 (stage III), and group 3 (stages IV and V). Anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, monocytosis, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, and low blood urea were observed. The variables MCHC, TPP, and RDW were correlated with tumor staging with no clinical relevance. Thrombin time and fibrinogen were significant between the groups in the coagulation test, being associated with tumor staging. The findings suggest influence of the proinflammatory cytokines released during tumor growth.(AU)

Alterações laboratoriais de origem paraneoplásica são identificadas em diversos tipos de câncer de cães e gatos. Na medicina veterinária, existem poucos estudos que correlacionam os achados laboratoriais anormais com o tipo e estadiamento tumorais, principalmente em cadelas com neoplasia mamária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações hematológicas, bioquímicas e hemostáticas em cadelas com neoplasia mamária e relacioná-las com o estadiamento tumoral. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 24 fêmeas caninas, e os parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e hemostáticos obtidos foram relacionados com o estadiamento tumoral, realizado através do exame físico, exames de imagem e avaliação histopatológica após remoção cirúrgica. Os grupos foram organizados de acordo com o estadiamento tumoral em: Grupo 1 (estádios I e II), grupo 2 (estádio III) e grupo 3 (estádios IV e V). Observou-se anemia, leucocitose neutrofílica, monocitose, eosinofilia, trombocitose, hipoalbuminemia, hipocalcemia, hipoglicemia e diminuição de ureia sanguínea. As variáveis CHCM, PPT e RDW foram relacionadas com o estadiamento tumoral, porém sem relevância clínica. Nos testes de coagulação, o TT e o fibrinogênio apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos, sendo associado com estadiamento tumoral. Os resultados sugerem influência das citocinas pró-inflamatórias liberadas durante o crescimento do tumor.(AU)

Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia secondary to canine mammary tumors

Background: Paraneoplastic syndromes are complexes symptom that occur at a distinct site from the primary tumor or its metastasis by the production of hormone by the tissue in which the tumor appears. Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia is associated with an abnormal elevation of serum calcium levels and the mainly tumor related to this syndrome in canine is lymphoma, anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma and multiple myeloma. In mammary tumors, the most frequent tumor that affect female dogs, this syndrome was also observed. The aims of this study were to evaluate serum calcium levels in female dogs with malignant mammary tumors and correlate calcium levels with clinicopathological parameters. Materials, Methods & Results: It was evaluated fifty-one female dogs with mammary carcinomas (simple carcinomas and carcinoma in mixed tumors) for serum calcium levels using colorimetric test. Clinical-histopathological data as spray status, pseudopregnancy, tumor size, ulceration, clinical staging, histopathological type and tumor grade were also evaluated in association with serum calcium levels. All dogs were treated with unilateral mastectomy. It was observed that 18 animals (35%) had calcium serum levels increased (>11.5 mg/dL) and 56% (10/18 cases) of these animals had serum calcium levels higher than 12 mg/dL. All dogs with hypercalcemia were asymptomatic, including two female [...](AU)

Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia secondary to canine mammary tumors

Background: Paraneoplastic syndromes are complexes symptom that occur at a distinct site from the primary tumor or its metastasis by the production of hormone by the tissue in which the tumor appears. Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia is associated with an abnormal elevation of serum calcium levels and the mainly tumor related to this syndrome in canine is lymphoma, anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma and multiple myeloma. In mammary tumors, the most frequent tumor that affect female dogs, this syndrome was also observed. The aims of this study were to evaluate serum calcium levels in female dogs with malignant mammary tumors and correlate calcium levels with clinicopathological parameters. Materials, Methods & Results: It was evaluated fifty-one female dogs with mammary carcinomas (simple carcinomas and carcinoma in mixed tumors) for serum calcium levels using colorimetric test. Clinical-histopathological data as spray status, pseudopregnancy, tumor size, ulceration, clinical staging, histopathological type and tumor grade were also evaluated in association with serum calcium levels. All dogs were treated with unilateral mastectomy. It was observed that 18 animals (35%) had calcium serum levels increased (>11.5 mg/dL) and 56% (10/18 cases) of these animals had serum calcium levels higher than 12 mg/dL. All dogs with hypercalcemia were asymptomatic, including two female [...]

CARCINOMA MAMÁRIO EM CADELAS: ACHADOS CLÍNICOS, LABORATORIAIS E METASTÁTICOS

Muitos tumores em cães, incluindo tumores mamários, podem causar alterações que podem 4 levar a alterações sistêmicas, podendo está relacionadas as altas taxas de mortalidade. As 5 síndromes paraneoplásicas são classificadas de acordo com os sistemas envolvidos, por 6 exemplo. sistemas hematológico, cutâneo, sistema nervoso central, intestino, músculo, ossos e 7 sistemas endócrinos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as principais alterações 8 hematológicas e bioquímicas em cadelas com tumores mamários. Análises hematológicas e 9 bioquímicas foram realizadas em 24 cães com diagnóstico de carcinoma mamário, antes e após 10 a cirurgia. As principais alterações observadas foram anemia, trombocitopenia, 11 hiperproteinemia, hipoalbuminemia, hiperalbuminemia, baixo nível de uréia e creatinina e 12 elevada fosfatase alcalina. Concluindo, cadelas com tumores mamários freqüentemente 13 apresentaram alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas, afetando principalmente parâmetros 14 indicativos de patologia hepática e renal. O carcinoma mamário adenoescamoso é considerado 15 um tumor raro e pode ser classificado como uma variante de neoplasia mamária metaplásica. 16 Dentre os diagnósticos diferenciais do carcinoma adenoescamoso deve incluir tumores 17 metastáticos e tumores com extensão secundária na pele. Esse padrão invasivo pode ser 18 explicado pela existência do componente escamoso do tumor, que quando presente em outras 19 localizações anatômicas é localmente invasivo. O presente resumo objetivou descrever o 20 quadro clínico, os achados histopatológicos e o tempo de sobrevida desta apresentação atípica 21 de carcinoma em uma cadela da raça Poodle, 11 anos, 4 kg, castrada. A paciente submetida a 22 mastectomia total devido a presença de nódulos nas mamas abdominais caudais e inguinais, 23 direita e esquerda, sugestivos de carcinoma pelo exame citológico. Decorridos 13 meses, a 24 paciente retornou com aumento de volume, rigidez e claudicação no membro pélvico esquerdo, 25 com evolução de seis meses. Ao exame clínico, o aumento de volume localizava-se uniforme 26 em toda a região proximal do membro pélvico esquerdo e apresentava consistência firme. Após 27 a realização do estadiamento o animal foi submetido a amputação do membro acometido. Na 28 análise histopatológica, a neoplasia foi classificada como carcinoma mamário adenoescamoso, 29 grau II. Foi realizado painel imuno-histoquímico, que confirmou o diagnóstico. Portanto, 30 mesmo não sendo comum, as metástases ósseas de tumores mamários, como o carcinoma 31 adenoescamoso, podem ser inseridas como diagnósticos diferenciais dentro das neoplasias que 32 atingem estruturas ósseas e que esse tipo de apresentação é agressiva e apresenta grande 33 potencial metastático.

Many tumors in dogs, including breast tumors, can cause systemic diseases and high mortality 5 rates. Paraneoplastic syndromes are classified according to the systems involved, for example. 6 hematological, skin, central nervous system, intestine, muscle, bone and endocrine systems. 7 The aim of this study was to describe the main hematological and biochemical changes in 8 bitches with breast tumors. Hematological and biochemical analyzes were performed in 24 dogs 9 diagnosed with breast cancer, before and after surgery. The main changes observed were 10 anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperalbuminemia, low level 11 of urea and creatinine and high alkaline phosphatase. In conclusion, bitches with breast tumors 12 frequently present hematological and biochemical alterations, mainly affecting parameters 13 indicative of hepatic and renal pathology. Adenosquamous breast carcinoma is considered a 14 rare tumor and can be classified as a variant of metaplastic breast cancer. Among the differential 15 diagnoses of adenosquamous carcinoma it should include metastatic tumors and tumors with 16 secondary skin extension. This invasive pattern can be explained by the existence of the scaly 17 component of the tumor, which when present in other anatomical locations is locally invasive. 18 The present summary aimed to describe the clinical picture, the histopathological findings and 19 the survival time of this atypical presentation of carcinoma in a Poodle dog, 11 years old, 4 kg, 20 neutered. The patient underwent total mastectomy due to the presence of nodules in the caudal 21 and inguinal abdominal breasts, right and left, suggestive of carcinoma by cytological 22 examination. After 13 months, the patient returned with increased volume, stiffness and 23 lameness in the left pelvic limb, with an evolution of six months. On clinical examination, the 24 increase in volume was uniform throughout the proximal region of the left pelvic limb and had 25 a firm consistency. After staging, the animal underwent amputation of the affected limb. In 26 histopathological analysis, the neoplasm was classified as adenosquamous breast carcinoma, 27 grade II. An immunohistochemical panel was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis. 28 Therefore, even though it is not common, bone metastases from breast tumors, such as 29 adenosquamous carcinoma, can be inserted as differential diagnoses within neoplasms that 30 reach bone structures and that this type of presentation is aggressive and has great metastatic 31 potential.

Epidemiological, clinical and immunohistochemical aspects of canine lymphoma in the region of Porto Alegre, Brazil / Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e imuno-histoquímicos do linfoma canino na região de Porto Alegre

This paper describes the epidemiological, clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics of canine lymphomas diagnosed in the region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Thirty dogs were enrolled in the study; most of them were male (60 percent), mixed-breed (23 percent) and middle-aged or older. The majority (87 percent) of affected dogs showed the multicentric form. The B-cell phenotype was most frequently detected (62 percent); 37 percent of the animals were in clinical stage IV, and 83 percent were classified as sub-stage "b". Lymphadenopathy was observed in 67 percent of the cases, and dyspnea, prostration, decreased appetite and vomiting were the most common clinical signs encountered. Anemia was a frequently encountered laboratory alteration (57 percent), as were leukocytosis (40 percent), thrombocytopenia (33 percent), lymphopenia (30 percent), hyperglobulinemia (20 percent) and hypercalcemia (13 percent). The results of this study indicate that the clinical features of dogs with lymphoma in the region of Porto Alegre are similar to those observed worldwide.(AU)

Esse trabalho apresenta os achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e imuno-histoquímicos de linfomas caninos diagnosticados na região de Porto Alegre. Trinta cães foram incluídos no estudo; sendo principalmente machos (60 por cento), sem raça definida (23 por cento) e de meia-idade a idosos. A maioria (87 por cento) dos cães afetados apresentou a forma anatômica multicêntrica. O imunofenótipo B foi detectado com mais frequência (62 por cento); 37 por cento dos cães apresentavam estadiamento clínico IV e 83 por cento encontravam-se no subestádio "b". Linfadenopatia foi observada em 67 por cento dos casos; outros sinais clínicos comumente detectados foram dispneia, prostração, diminuição do apetite e vômitos. Anemia foi a alteração laboratorial mais frequente (57 por cento), seguida por leucocitose (40 por cento), trombocitopenia (33 por cento), linfopenia (30 por cento), hiperglobulinemia (20 por cento), hiperproteinemia (17 por cento) e hipercalcemia (13 por cento). Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que as características epidemiológicas e clínicas de cães com linfoma na região de Porto Alegre são semelhantes às observadas em todo o mundo.(AU)

DINÂMICA HEMATOLÓGICA, BIOQUÍMICA E HORMONAL DE CADELAS COM TUMORES MAMÁRIOS E O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SÍNDROMES PARANEOPLÁSICAS

As células tumorais podem invadir órgãos e alterar funções, podendo culminar com o surgimento de síndromes paraneoplásicas, grupo de diversas anormalidades sistêmicas associadas ao câncer, porém decorrentes de ações não invasivas. Objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica de biomarcadores hematológicos, bioquímicos e hormonais em cadelas com tumor mamário e sua associação com síndromes paraneoplásicas. Foram selecionadas 40 cadelas com tumores mamários previamente triadas pela análise citológica. Os animais foram submetidos a avaliação clínica geral e específica da glândula mamária. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para análises hematológicas, bioquímicas e hormonais; exames de imagem para avaliação de metástases. Em seguida, realizadas a mastectomia e ovariohisterectomia. Os fragmentos das mamas e linfonodos inguinais foram analisados histopatologicamente e após diagnóstico, realizado o estadiamento tumoral. Maior frequência de tumores mamários esteve presente em cadelas idosas quando comparada a cadelas jovens. As glândulas mamárias inguinais e abdominais foram as mais acometidas, de classificação malignas e o tipo histológico mais frequente foram carcinomas mistos. A maioria dos pacientes (82,5%) não apresentaram metástases, porém a mais frequente foi em fígado e pulmão. O estadiamento tumoral mais frequentemente determinado foi o estádio III. A anormalidade hematológica mais frequente foi a anemia normocítica hipocrômica. No perfil bioquímico constatou-se aumento dos níveis séricos de proteína total, albumina, relação albumina-globulina, lactato, PCR, magnésio, sódio, GGT e FA, e valores reduzidos de cloro e potássio. Embora a caquexia não tenha sido frequente nas cadelas, animais magros apresentaram anemia, linfopenia, hipoalbuminemia e hipocalcemia. As síndromes paraneoplásicas observadas nas cadelas com neoplasias mamárias foram: anemia, hiperglobulinemia, hipermagnesemia e elevações de lactato sérico e PCR. Embora tais alterações sejam sugestivas de paraneoplasia, outras análises devem ser realizadas para confirmação do diagnóstico, dada a importância em distinguir as alterações que são acarretadas pela neoplasia e as síndromes paraneoplásicas. Desta forma, conclui-se que cadelas com tumores mamários apresentam alteração no perfil hematológico, proteico, mineral e hepático, contribuindo para o surgimento de síndromes paraneoplásicas.

Tumor cells can invade organs and alter functions, which can culminate with the appearance of paraneoplastic syndromes, a group of several systemic abnormalities associated with cancer, but resulting from non-invasive actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of hematological, biochemical and hormonal biomarkers in bitches with breast tumor and its association with paraneoplastic syndromes. A total of 40 bitches with mammary tumors previously screened for cytological analysis were selected. The animals were submitted to general and specific clinical evaluation of the mammary gland. Blood samples were collected for hematological, biochemical and hormonal analyzes; imaging for evaluation of metastases. Then performed mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy. The fragments of the breasts and inguinal lymph nodes were analyzed histopathologically and after diagnosis, the tumor staging was performed. Higher frequency of breast tumors was present in elderly bitches when compared to young bitches. The inguinal and abdominal mammary glands were the most affected, of malignant classification and the most frequent histological type were mixed carcinomas. Most patients (82.5%) did not present metastases, but the most frequent was in the liver and lung. The most frequently determined tumor staging was stage III. The most frequent hematologic abnormality was hypochromic normocytic anemia. In the biochemical profile, serum levels of total protein, albumin, albumin-globulin, lactate, CRP, magnesium, sodium, GGT and FA levels were observed, as well as reduced levels of chlorine and potassium. Although cachexia was not frequent in bitches, lean animals had anemia, lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia and hypocalcemia. The paraneoplastic syndromes observed in bitches with breast neoplasms were: anemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypermagnesemia and elevations of serum lactate and CRP. Although such changes are suggestive of paraneoplasia, other analyzes should be performed to confirm the diagnosis, given the importance of distinguishing the changes that are caused by neoplasia and paraneoplastic syndromes. Thus, it is concluded that bitches with breast tumors present alterations in the hematological, protein, mineral and hepatic profile, contributing to the appearance of paraneoplastic syndromes.

Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos do colangiocarcinoma em cães da Região Central do RS

O colangiocarcinoma é considerado um neoplasma hepático primário raro em cães na maior parte do mundo. Entretanto, no Rio Grande do Sul, essa é uma forma muito comum de câncer de fígado. Baseado nessa alta prevalência e, consequentemente, na importância que ela traz para a medicina canina local, o objetivo desta dissertação foi estabelecer os aspectos epidemiológico e clínicos do colangiocarcinoma em cães. Para isso, foram avaliados 66 casos de colangiocarcinomas em cães, diagnosticados entre 2000 e 2018. Machos e fêmeas perfizeram 45,5% e 54,5% dos casos, respectivamente. Cães de raça e cães sem raça definida corresponderam a 63,6% e 36,4% dos casos, respectivamente. Os cães afetados morreram entre 4 e 18 anos de idade. A média de idade de morte foi de 10,9 anos. Cães adultos e idosos perfizeram 31,7% e 68,3% dos casos, respectivamente. A prevalência dos principais sinais clínicos foi a seguinte: inapetência ou anorexia (83,3%), perda de peso progressiva ou caquexia (78,8%), distensão abdominal (34,8%), devido ao efeito massa (31,8%), à ascite (12,1%) e/ou hemoperitônio (16,7%), palidez de mucosas (33,3%), vômito (30,3%), dispneia (28,8%), febre (21,2%), icterícia (19,7%) e diarreia (15,2%). Duas síndromes paraneoplásicas foram descritas pela primeira vez para cães com colangiocarcinoma: hipoglicemia paraneoplásica (7,6%) e síndrome glucagonoma (3%). Os resultados expressos neste artigo permitem concluir que colangiocarcinoma ocorre frequentemente em cães da Região Central do RS, independentemente de sexo, da raça ou da idade, mas é pouco mais frequente em fêmeas e muito mais comum em idosos, ou seja, em cães acima de 10 anos de idade. Os principais sinais clínicos de colangiocarcinoma estão muito mais associados à distensão abdominal pelo efeito massa ou às síndromes paraneoplásicas do que à insuficiência hepática propriamente dita.

Cholangiocarcinoma is considered a rare primary hepatic neoplasm in dogs in most of the world. However, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, this is a very common form of liver cancer. Based on the high prevalence and, consequently, on the importance it brings to local canine medicine, the objective of this paper is to establish the epidemiological and clinical aspects of cholangiocarcinoma in dogs. For this, 66 cases of cholangiocarcinomas in dogs, diagnosed between 2000 and 2018, were evaluated. Males and females accounted for 45.5% and 54.5% of cases, respectively. Breed dogs and non-breed dogs accounted for 63.6% and 36.4% of cases, respectively. The affected dogs died between 4 and 18 years of age. The mean age of death was 10.9 years. Adult and elderly dogs accounted for 31.7% and 68.3% of the cases, respectively. The prevalence of major clinical signs was as follows: inappetence or anorexia (83.3%), progressive weight loss or cachexia (78.8%), abdominal distension (34.8%) due to the mass effect (31.8 %), ascites (12.1%) and/or hemoperitoneum (16.7%), mucous pallor (33.3%), vomiting (30.3%), dyspnea (28.8%), fever (21.2%), jaundice (19.7%), and diarrhea (15.2%). Two paraneoplastic syndromes are described for the first time for dogs with cholangiocarcinoma: paraneoplastic hypoglycemia (7.6%) and glucagonoma syndrome (3%). The results expressed in this article allow us to conclude that cholangiocarcinoma occurs frequently in dogs in the Central Region of RS, regardless of gender, breed or age, but it is less frequent in females and much more common in the elderly, that is, in dogs above 10 years old. The main clinical signs of cholangiocarcinoma are much more associated with abdominal distension by "mass effect" or paraneoplastic syndromes than with hepatic impairment itself.

ESTRESSE OXIDATIVO E HIPERCALCEMIA EM CADELAS COM NEOPLASIA MAMÁRIA

A alta casuística das neoplasias mamárias nos animais de companhia, em conjunto com a maior preocupação e cuidados dispensados à saúde dos animais que vivem próximos ao homem, vistos como membro da família, gera a crescente necessidade de estudos que busquem desde métodos diagnósticos mais precisos, novas formas de abordagem terapêutica e fatores preditivos de prognóstico como aspectos que aumentem a morbidade, a presença de síndromes paraneoplásicas e a possível existência de estresse oxidativo também são objeto de estudo. O malondialdeído (MDA), um biomarcador geral de dano oxidativo, considerado um importante parâmetro para avaliação de estresse oxidativo celular, utilizado rotineiramente na medicina humana, foi escolhido para ser utilizado como forma de detecção desta condição no presente trabalho. Dois estudos foram realizados em cadelas portadoras de tumor de mama. No primeiro, com objetivo de identificar a presença de estresse oxidativo, 144 cadelas portadoras de neoplasia mamária, foram submetidas a avaliação clínica para estadiamento da doença, classificação histológica dos tumores, avaliação hematológica, bioqúimica sérica, incluindo testes de função renal, hepática, níveis séricos de cálcio total e dosagem de MDA, no momento de sua abordagem e 30 dias após realização de tratamento. De 144 cadelas incluidas no estudo, em 113 (78,47%) foram diagnosticados tumores malignos, sendo o carcinoma em tumor misto, o padrão histológico mais frequente (26,54%), e em 31 cadelas (21,53%) foram detectados apenas neoplasias benignas, sendo o adenoma mamário o padrão mais frequente (45,16%). Os valores séricos de MDA das cadelas com neoplasias malínas e benignas, no momento da abordagem e 30 dias após tratamento foram comparados com os valores obtidos de um grupo de 100 cadelas saudáveis. Houve diferença significativa entre todos os grupos estudados, identificando valores mais altos no grupo de cadelas com tumores malígnos, além disso, foi encontrada correlação significativa entre presença de anemia e níveis mais elevados de MDA. No segundo estudo, foram utilizadas 100 cadelas portadoras de neoplasia maligna de mama com o objetivo de realizar a comparação entre níveis de cálcio total e cálcio ionizado e padrão histológico das neoplasias, estadiamento clínico, alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas referentes a função renal e hepática. Em (52%) das cadelas doentes, foi constatada hipercalcemia, por meio da dosagem de cálcio ionizado, o que não foi verificado quando a análise foi feita por meio de dosagem de cálcio total. Além disso, verificou-se correlação positiva entre hipercalcemia e estadiamento clínico da doença, nos estágios mais avançados foram observados maiores concentrações séricas da fração ionizada do cálcio, demonstrando a importância da pesquisa sobre a presença de síndromes paraneoplásicas em cadelas com neoplasias mamárias. Pode ser concluido que as cadelas portadoras de neoplasia malígna de mama estão em estresse oxidativo e podem apresentar hipercalcemia, que deve ser verificada por meio da mensuração de cálcio ionizado, além disso presença de anemia em cadelas portadoras de neoplasia malígna de mama pode estar relacionada ao estresse oxidativo.

The high casuistic of mammary neoplasia in companion animals, with the greater concern and care given to the health of animals that live close to the man, as a family member, generates the growing need for studies that seek from more precise diagnostic methods, new forms of therapeutic approach and predictive factors of prognosis. Other aspects that increase morbidity, such as the presence of paraneoplastic syndromes and the possible existence of oxidative stress are also the object of study. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a general biomarker of oxidative damage, considered an important parameter for evaluation of cellular oxidative stress routinely used in human medicine, was chosen to be used as a means of detecting this condition in the present study. Two studies were performed on female dogs bearing mammary cancer. In the first one, 144 bitches with breast neoplasms were submitted to clinical evaluation for disease staging, histological classification of the tumors, hematological evaluation, serum biochemistry, including renal, hepatic, liver function tests, serum calcium levels and dosage of malondialdehyde (MDA), a biomarker of oxidative damage, at the time of its approach and 30 days after treatment. From 144 bitches included in the study, malignant tumors were diagnosed in 113 (78.47%), being the carcinoma in mixed tumor the most frequent histological pattern (26.54%), and in 31 bitches (21.53%), only benign neoplasms were detected, with mammary adenoma being the most frequent pattern (51.61%). Serum MDA values of bitches with malignant and benign neoplasms at the time of approach and 30 days after treatment were compared with values obtained from a group of 100 healthy bitches. There was a significant difference between all the studied groups, identifying higher values in the group of bitches with malignant tumors, in addition, a significant correlation was found between the presence of anemia and higher levels of MDA. In the second study, 100 bitches with malignant neoplasia of the breast were used in order to compare the levels of total calcium and ionized calcium and histological pattern of neoplasms, clinical staging, hematological and biochemical alterations related to renal and hepatic function. In 52% of the diseased dogs, hypercalcemia was observed by means of ionized calcium dosing, which was not verified when the analysis was done by total calcium dosing. In addition, there was a positive correlation between hypercalcemia and clinical staging of the disease, in the more advanced stages, higher serum concentrations of the ionized calcium fraction were observed, demonstrating the importance of the research on the presence of paraneoplastic syndromes in bitches with mammary neoplasms. It can be concluded that bitches with malignant neoplasia of the breast are in oxidative stress and may present hypercalcemia, which should be verified by measuring ionized calcium. The presence of anemia in female dogs with malignant neoplasia of the mammary may be related to oxidative stress.

Linfoma canino: clínica, hematologia e tratamento com o protocolo de Madison-Wisconsin

Lymphoma is a neoplasm of high incidence in dogs, and has several clinical signs, depending on the tumor anatomical area and the extent of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and hematological findings in dogs with lymphoma at diagnosis, and the clinical evolution during Madison-Wisconsin chemotherapy protocol. Of the 18 dogs that underwent the study, 50% of the dogs had the multicentric form and 33% the cutaneous forms of the disease. The most common clinical sign was superficial lymphadenomegaly, combined to systemic signs of hyporexia, apathy and weight loss. The main hematological changes were anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis, associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. Complete remission was achieved in 27% of the animals and the one-year survival rate was 22%. There was a positive correlation between the hematocrit and survival time in dogs that died, which indicates the importance of anemia in the prognosis. It is suggested that the advanced stage of the disease may have contributed to the low remission and survival rates observed in this study.

O linfoma é uma neoplasia de elevada incidência na população canina mundial, e que apresenta sinais clínicos diversos, dependentes da classificação anatômica e da extensão da doença. Este estudo objetivou avaliar as características clínicas e hematológicas de cães com linfoma no momento do diagnóstico, além da evolução clínica dos mesmos ao longo do tratamento com o protocolo de Madison-Wisconsin. Dos 18 cães inseridos no estudo, 50% apresentaram a forma multicêntrica da doença e 33% a forma cutânea. A manifestação clínica mais comum foi a linfadenomegalia superficial, acompanhada dos sinais sistêmicos de hiporexia, apatia e perda de peso. As principais alterações hematólogicas foram anemia normocítica normocrômica, trombocitopenia e leucocitose, associadas às síndromes paraneoplásicas. Vinte e sete por cento dos animais atingiram remissão completa da doença e apenas 22% atingiram sobrevida de um ano. Houve correlação positiva entre o valor do hematócrito e o tempo de sobrevida para os cães que morreram, demonstrando a influência da anemia no prognóstico dos animais. Sugere-se que o estágio avançado da doença no momento do diagnóstico tenha influenciado as baixas taxas de remissão e sobrevida obtidas neste estudo.