Antagonistic activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Minas artisanal cheeses against Brucella abortus / Atividade antagonista de bactérias lácticas isoladas de queijos Minas artesanais contra Brucella abortus

This study aimed to evaluate methods for studying the in vitro antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against Brucella abortus and to evaluate the antagonistic effect of LAB on the viability of this pathogen. A total of 18 LAB strains (Lactobacillus plantarum, n = 11; Pediococcus acidilactici, n = 1; Lactobacillus rhamnosus, n = 4; and Lactobacillus brevis,n = 2), isolated from Minas artisanal cheeses produced in three regions (Canastra, Campos das Vertentes, and Araxá) of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were tested for their antimicrobial activity against B. abortus using three methods: spot-on-lawn, agar well diffusion assay, and antagonistic activity of the culture supernatants. None of the tested LAB strains could inhibit B. abortus in the spot-on-lawn and agar-well diffusion assays. The supernatants produced by LAB had an acidic pH, with intensity depending on bacterial growth and strain, and could inhibit the growth of B. abortus. In contrast, pH-neutralized (pH 7.0) LAB supernatants did not suppress the growth of B. abortus. The results showed that the best technique to study the in vitro antagonism of LAB against B. abortus was the antagonistic activity of culture supernatants. The growth of B. abortus may have been inhibited by acid production.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar métodos de estudo in vitro da atividade antimicrobiana de bactérias lácticas contra Brucella abortus e avaliar o efeito antagônico das mesmas sobre a viabilidade deste patógeno. Um total de 18 amostras de bactérias lácteas (Lactobacillus plantarum, n = 11; Pediococcus acidilactici, n = 1; Lactobacillus rhamnosus, n = 4; e Lactobacillus brevis, n = 2), isoladas de exemplares de Queijo Minas Artesanal produzidos em três regiões (Canastra, Campos das Vertentes e Araxá) do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, foram testados quanto à sua atividade antimicrobiana contra B. abortus usando três métodos: spot-on-lawn, ensaio de difusão em poço e atividade antagonista de sobrenadante de cultura. Nenhuma das cepas testadas foi capaz de inibir B. abortus nos ensaios spot-on-lawm e de difusão em poço. Os sobrenadantes produzidos pelas bactérias lácteas apresentaram pH ácido, com intensidade dependente do crescimento bacteriano e da amostra, podendo inibir o crescimento de B. abortus. Em contraste, os sobrenadantes com pH neutralizado (pH 7,0) não inibiram o crescimento de B. abortus. Os resultados mostraram que a melhor técnica para estudar o antagonismo in vitro de bactérias lácteas contra B. abortus foi a atividade antagonista de sobrenadante de cultura. O crescimento de B. abortus pode ter sido inibido pela produção de ácido.(AU)

Inhibitory effect of different probiotic formulations on salmonella heidelberg, avian pathogenic escherichia coli and campylobacter jejuni / Inhibitory effect of different probiotic formulations on salmonella heidelberg, avian pathogenic escherichia coli and campylobacter jejuni

A wide variety of microorganism species have been used as probiotics to improve the intestinal microbial balance, control and prevent the colonization of pathogenic bacteria and promote growth in animal production. Based on the various beneficial factors of probiotic agents, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three different formulations of probiotics strains through the analysis of antagonistic capacity against common pathogens from chickens gastrointestinal tract. Three formulations composed by Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium and Pediococcus were tested in vitro by the method of probiotic culture spot in plates seeded with inocula of Escherichia coli, Salmonella heidelberg and Campylobacter jejuni. The inhibition halos were measured and classified according to the degree of pathogenic bacteria inhibition. The formulation containing an association among Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces presented better results when compared to the other formulations.

Uma enorme variedade de espécies de microrganismos tem sido usada como probiótico visando melhorar o equilíbrio microbiano intestinal, controlar e prevenir a colonização de bactérias patogênicas e promover o crescimento na produção animal. Baseado nos diversos fatores benéficos dos agentes de ação probiótica no organismo, objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia das linhagens de três formulações diferentes de probióticos pela análise de capacidade inibitória contra patógenos comuns do trato gastrointestinal de frangos. Três formulações compostas por microrganismos dos gêneros Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium e Pediococcus foram testadas in vitro pelo método de spot de cultura probiótica em placas para inibição de Escherichia coli, Salmonella Heidelberg e Campylobacter jejuni. Os halos de inibição foram medidos e classificados de acordo com o grau de inibição das bactérias patogenicas. A formulação contendo a associação entre Bacillus, Lactobacillus e Saccharomyces apresentou melhores resultados quando comparado as demais formulações.

Whole-plant soybean ensiling with chitosan and homolactic microbial inoculant: fermentative profile, aerobic stability, and sheep intake and digestibility

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chitosan and homolactic microbial inoculant on fermentative losses, chemical composition, fermentative profile, and aerobic stability of whole-plant soybean silage (WPSS). Additionally, it was evaluated nutrients intake and digestibility of sheep fed increasing levels of WPSS. Thirty experimental silos were randomly allocated to one of the following treatments: 1) CON: control, WPSS without additives; 2) LPPA: WPSS with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici; and 3) CHI: chitosan, WPSS with 5 g/kg of chitosan. Ten male sheep were used to evaluate increasing dietary levels of WPSS: 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 g/kg of diet dry matter (DM). Additives increased silage lactic acid bacteria and decreased the count of mold and yeast, gas, and total losses. Silages treated with additives had lower pH, NH3-N, and ethanol concentrations and higher lactic and propionic acids relative to CON. LPPA-treated silos showed higher organic matter and non-fiber carbohydrates content than CHI-ones. Additives increased the aerobic stability of WPSS. The addition of WPSS in sheep diets linearly increased nutrients intake and digestibility. Chitosan and LPPA improve WPSS fermentation, aerobic stability, and nutritional value. The WPSS in substitution to Cynodon hay increases sheep feed intake and nutrients digestibility.

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da adição de quitosana e inoculante homolático sobre as perdas fermentativas, composição química, perfil fermentativo e estabilidade aeróbia da silagem de planta inteira de soja (SPIS). Em adição, foi avaliado o consumo e a digestibilidade de nutrientes em ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de SPIS. Trinta silos experimentais foram aleatoriamente alocados a um dos seguintes tratamentos: 1) CON: controle, SPIS sem aditivos; 2) LPPA: SPIS com Lactobacillus plantarum e Pediococcus acidilactici; e 3) QUI: quitosana, SPIS com 5 g/kg de quitosana. Dez ovinos machos foram usados para avaliar os níveis dietéticos de SPIS: 0, 200, 400, 600 e 800 g/kg da matéria seca (MS). Os aditivos aumentaram a contagem de bactérias láticas e reduziram a contagem de fungos e leveduras e as perdas fermentativas totais da SPIS. Silagens tratadas com aditivos tiveram menores pH, N-NH3 e etanol e maiores concentrações de ácido lático e propiônico, quando comparadas ao tratamento controle. Silos tratados com LPPA apresentaram maiores teores de matéria orgânica e carboidratos não fibrosos do que aqueles do tratamento QUI. Os aditivos aumentaram a estabilidade aeróbia da SPIS. A adição de SPIS na dieta de ovinos aumentou linearmente o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Quitosana e inoculante microbiano homolático melhoram a fermentação, estabilidade aeróbia e o valor nutricional da SPIS. A substituição de feno de Cynodon por SIPS aumenta o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em ovinos.

Whole-plant soybean ensiling with chitosan and homolactic microbial inoculant: fermentative profile, aerobic stability, and sheep intake and digestibility / Ensilagem de planta inteira de soja com quitosana e inoculante microbiano homolático: perfil fermentativo, estabilidade aeróbia e consumo e digestibilidade em ovinos

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chitosan and homolactic microbial inoculant on fermentative losses, chemical composition, fermentative profile, and aerobic stability of whole-plant soybean silage (WPSS). Additionally, it was evaluated nutrients intake and digestibility of sheep fed increasing levels of WPSS. Thirty experimental silos were randomly allocated to one of the following treatments: 1) CON: control, WPSS without additives; 2) LPPA: WPSS with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici; and 3) CHI: chitosan, WPSS with 5 g/kg of chitosan. Ten male sheep were used to evaluate increasing dietary levels of WPSS: 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 g/kg of diet dry matter (DM). Additives increased silage lactic acid bacteria and decreased the count of mold and yeast, gas, and total losses. Silages treated with additives had lower pH, NH3-N, and ethanol concentrations and higher lactic and propionic acids relative to CON. LPPA-treated silos showed higher organic matter and non-fiber carbohydrates content than CHI-ones. Additives increased the aerobic stability of WPSS. The addition of WPSS in sheep diets linearly increased nutrients intake and digestibility. Chitosan and LPPA improve WPSS fermentation, aerobic stability, and nutritional value. The WPSS in substitution to Cynodon hay increases sheep feed intake and nutrients digestibility.

Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da adição de quitosana e inoculante homolático sobre as perdas fermentativas, composição química, perfil fermentativo e estabilidade aeróbia da silagem de planta inteira de soja (SPIS). Em adição, foi avaliado o consumo e a digestibilidade de nutrientes em ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de SPIS. Trinta silos experimentais foram aleatoriamente alocados a um dos seguintes tratamentos: 1) CON: controle, SPIS sem aditivos; 2) LPPA: SPIS com Lactobacillus plantarum e Pediococcus acidilactici; e 3) QUI: quitosana, SPIS com 5 g/kg de quitosana. Dez ovinos machos foram usados para avaliar os níveis dietéticos de SPIS: 0, 200, 400, 600 e 800 g/kg da matéria seca (MS). Os aditivos aumentaram a contagem de bactérias láticas e reduziram a contagem de fungos e leveduras e as perdas fermentativas totais da SPIS. Silagens tratadas com aditivos tiveram menores pH, N-NH3 e etanol e maiores concentrações de ácido lático e propiônico, quando comparadas ao tratamento controle. Silos tratados com LPPA apresentaram maiores teores de matéria orgânica e carboidratos não fibrosos do que aqueles do tratamento QUI. Os aditivos aumentaram a estabilidade aeróbia da SPIS. A adição de SPIS na dieta de ovinos aumentou linearmente o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Quitosana e inoculante microbiano homolático melhoram a fermentação, estabilidade aeróbia e o valor nutricional da SPIS. A substituição de feno de Cynodon por SIPS aumenta o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em ovinos.

Sugarcane total mixed ration silage ensiling with chitosan and homolactic microbial inoculant: characteristics of silage and animal digestion / Silagem de dieta total de cana de açúcar ensilada com quitosana e inoculante microbiano homoláctico: características da silagem e digestão animal

This study aimed to evaluate total mixed ration silages with sugarcane and the additives microbial inoculant and chitosan. Thirty mini-silos were used in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and ten replications. Silages were composed of sugarcane mixed with corn bran, whole soybean, urea, and mineral mixtures at a 50:50 roughage to concentrate ratio. Treatments consisted of control silage, microbial additive (Lactobacillus plantarum + Pediococcus acidilactici, 4 g/t of KeraSil, Kera Nutrição Animal), and chitosan (10 g/kg of natural matter). Silages were evaluated for fermentation and microbiological profile, fermentation losses, aerobic stability, chemical-bromatological composition, intake, and digestibility. Fermentation profile showed no significant difference between treatments for pH values, with a mean value of 4.79. Production of acetic and propionic acids showed no difference between treatments, with mean values of 7.34 and 0.053 mmol/kg DM, respectively. Dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein intake of the total mixed ration silage differed statistically from the other treatments (P<0.05), but fresh sugarcane and sugarcane silage intake did not differ from each other (P>0.05). Digestibility values of DM, OM, and NDF were higher in the total mixed ration silage (P<0.05), while sugarcane silage and fresh sugarcane showed no difference from each other (P>0.05). Total mixed ration silage increased nutrient intake and digestibility, with a better fermentation pattern when added with the microbial inoculant.

O objetivo foi avaliar as silagens de ração total com cana de açúcar e aditivos inoculante microbiano e quitosana. Foram utilizados trinta mini-silos utilizando o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e dez repetições. As silagens foram compostas por cana-de-açúcar misturada com farelo de milho, soja integral, uréia e misturas minerais na proporção de 50:50. Os tratamentos foram: silagem controle, aditivo microbiano (Lactobacillus plantarum + Pediococcus acidilactici, 4 g/t de KeraSil, Kera Nutrição Animal) e quitosana (10 g/kg da matéria natural). As silagens foram avaliadas quanto à fermentação e perfil microbiológico, perdas de fermentação, estabilidade aeróbica, composição químico-bromatológica, consumo e digestibilidade. O perfil de fermentação não mostrou diferença significativa entre tratamentos para os valores de pH, com um valor médio de 4,79. A produção de ácidos acéticos e propiônicos não mostrou diferença entre os tratamentos, com valores médios de 7,34 e 0,053 mmol/kg DM, respectivamente. A matéria seca, a matéria orgânica e a ingestão de proteína bruta da mistura total de ração silagem diferiram estatisticamente dos outros tratamentos (P<0,05), mas a ingestão de cana-de-açúcar fresca e de silagem de cana-de-açúcar não diferiram uma da outra (P>0,05). Os valores de digestibilidade de DM, OM e NDF foram maiores na silagem de ração mista total (P<0,05), enquanto a silagem de cana de açúcar e a cana de açúcar fresca não mostraram diferença entre si (P>0,05). A silagem de ração mista total aumentou a ingestão de nutrientes e a digestibilidade, com um melhor padrão de fermentação quando adicionado o inoculante microbiano.

Whole-plant soybean ensiling with chitosan and homolactic microbial inoculant: fermentative profile, aerobic stability, and sheep intake and digestibility / Ensilagem de planta inteira de soja com quitosana e inoculante microbiano homolático: perfil fermentativo, estabilidade aeróbia e consumo e digestibilidade em ovinos

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chitosan and homolactic microbial inoculant on fermentative losses, chemical composition, fermentative profile, and aerobic stability of whole-plant soybean silage (WPSS). Additionally, it was evaluated nutrients intake and digestibility of sheep fed increasing levels of WPSS. Thirty experimental silos were randomly allocated to one of the following treatments: 1) CON: control, WPSS without additives; 2) LPPA: WPSS with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici; and 3) CHI: chitosan, WPSS with 5 g/kg of chitosan. Ten male sheep were used to evaluate increasing dietary levels of WPSS: 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 g/kg of diet dry matter (DM). Additives increased silage lactic acid bacteria and decreased the count of mold and yeast, gas, and total losses. Silages treated with additives had lower pH, NH3-N, and ethanol concentrations and higher lactic and propionic acids relative to CON. LPPA-treated silos showed higher organic matter and non-fiber carbohydrates content than CHI-ones. Additives increased the aerobic stability of WPSS. The addition of WPSS in sheep diets linearly increased nutrients intake and digestibility. Chitosan and LPPA improve WPSS fermentation, aerobic stability, and nutritional value. The WPSS in substitution to Cynodon hay increases sheep feed intake and nutrients digestibility.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da adição de quitosana e inoculante homolático sobre as perdas fermentativas, composição química, perfil fermentativo e estabilidade aeróbia da silagem de planta inteira de soja (SPIS). Em adição, foi avaliado o consumo e a digestibilidade de nutrientes em ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de SPIS. Trinta silos experimentais foram aleatoriamente alocados a um dos seguintes tratamentos: 1) CON: controle, SPIS sem aditivos; 2) LPPA: SPIS com Lactobacillus plantarum e Pediococcus acidilactici; e 3) QUI: quitosana, SPIS com 5 g/kg de quitosana. Dez ovinos machos foram usados para avaliar os níveis dietéticos de SPIS: 0, 200, 400, 600 e 800 g/kg da matéria seca (MS). Os aditivos aumentaram a contagem de bactérias láticas e reduziram a contagem de fungos e leveduras e as perdas fermentativas totais da SPIS. Silagens tratadas com aditivos tiveram menores pH, N-NH3 e etanol e maiores concentrações de ácido lático e propiônico, quando comparadas ao tratamento controle. Silos tratados com LPPA apresentaram maiores teores de matéria orgânica e carboidratos não fibrosos do que aqueles do tratamento QUI. Os aditivos aumentaram a estabilidade aeróbia da SPIS. A adição de SPIS na dieta de ovinos aumentou linearmente o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Quitosana e inoculante microbiano homolático melhoram a fermentação, estabilidade aeróbia e o valor nutricional da SPIS. A substituição de feno de Cynodon por SIPS aumenta o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em ovinos.(AU)

Inhibitory effect of different probiotic formulations on Salmonella Heidelberg, avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni

A wide variety of microorganism species have been used as probiotics to improve the intestinal microbial balance, control and prevent the colonization of pathogenic bacteria and promote growth in animal production. Based on the various beneficial factors of probiotic agents, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three different formulations of probiotics strains through the analysis of antagonistic capacity against common pathogens from chickens gastrointestinal tract. Three formulations composed by Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium and Pediococcus were tested in vitro by the method of probiotic culture spot in plates seeded with inocula of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Heidelberg and Campylobacter jejuni. The inhibition halos were measured and classified according to the degree of pathogenic bacteria inhibition. The formulation containing an association among Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces presented better results when compared to the other formulations.

Evaluation of the Effect of Bacillus Subtilis and Pediococcus Acidilactici Mix on Serum Biochemistry, Growth Promotation of Body and Visceral Organs in Lohmann Brown Chicks

Recently the use of antibiotic growth promoter (AGPs) in poultry feed is banned in China, leading to the increasing demand for AGPs substitutes. Probiotics have been considered as a potential substitute. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotic on serum biochemistry, and growth promotion of body weight and visceral organs and in Lohmann Brown chicks aged 0 to 9 weeks. Five hundred and forty 1-day-old male chicks were randomly divided into three groups, with six replicates and 30 chicks in each replicate. The experiment was carried out over 70 days. Dietary treatments were: (1) basal diet alone (control group); (2) basal diet containing 0.1% probiotics (probiotic group); and (3) basal diet containing 0.01% zinc bacitracin in the feed (antibiotic group). The body weight (BW) of probiotic group was significantly higher than that of the control group during the whole trial period (p 0.05). ADG (0~70 d) in the probiotic group and the antibiotic group was higher than that in the control group (p 0.05). The Oliver weight and serum total protein (TP) in the probiotic group was higher than that in the control group on the 63rd day (p 0.05). The length of the duodenum, the weight of the spleen, duodenum and Jejunum in both the probiotic and antibiotic groups were higher than those in the control group (p 0.05). The ileum weight in the probiotic group was significantly higher than those in the control group (p 0.05). The ileum length in the probiotic group was significantly longer than that in both the antibiotic and control groups (p 0.05). Probiotic mix with Bacillus subtilis and Pediococcus acidilactici play a similar role in promoting growth of body and visceral organs, and it is a promising growth promoter for Lohmann Brown chicks (0 to 9 weeks).(AU)

Evaluation of the Effect of Bacillus Subtilis and Pediococcus Acidilactici Mix on Serum Biochemistry, Growth Promotation of Body and Visceral Organs in Lohmann Brown Chicks

Recently the use of antibiotic growth promoter (AGPs) in poultry feed is banned in China, leading to the increasing demand for AGPs substitutes. Probiotics have been considered as a potential substitute. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotic on serum biochemistry, and growth promotion of body weight and visceral organs and in Lohmann Brown chicks aged 0 to 9 weeks. Five hundred and forty 1-day-old male chicks were randomly divided into three groups, with six replicates and 30 chicks in each replicate. The experiment was carried out over 70 days. Dietary treatments were: (1) basal diet alone (control group); (2) basal diet containing 0.1% probiotics (probiotic group); and (3) basal diet containing 0.01% zinc bacitracin in the feed (antibiotic group). The body weight (BW) of probiotic group was significantly higher than that of the control group during the whole trial period (p 0.05). ADG (0~70 d) in the probiotic group and the antibiotic group was higher than that in the control group (p 0.05). The Oliver weight and serum total protein (TP) in the probiotic group was higher than that in the control group on the 63rd day (p 0.05). The length of the duodenum, the weight of the spleen, duodenum and Jejunum in both the probiotic and antibiotic groups were higher than those in the control group (p 0.05). The ileum weight in the probiotic group was significantly higher than those in the control group (p 0.05). The ileum length in the probiotic group was significantly longer than that in both the antibiotic and control groups (p 0.05). Probiotic mix with Bacillus subtilis and Pediococcus acidilactici play a similar role in promoting growth of body and visceral organs, and it is a promising growth promoter for Lohmann Brown chicks (0 to 9 weeks).

Effect of probiotics and Yucca schidigera extract supplementation on broiler meat quality

The current study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with probiotics and Yucca schidigera extract on physicochemical parameters, proximate composition, mineral content and fatty acid profile of broiler breast and thigh muscles. In total, 240 one-day old broilers were randomly allocated into two dietary treatments groups: 1) Control (basal diet), 2) experimental (basal diet with two probiotics Pediococcus acidilactici and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yucca schidigera extract). The results showed that the pH value was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.05). However, drip, cook and thaw losses were not influenced by dietary treatment (p > 0.05). A significant increase in protein, Fe, Zn, Na, P and a significant decrease in lipid, Cu and Cr contents was exhibited in experimental group relative to control group (p < 0.05). The proportion of stearic acid and saturated fatty acids was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced, whereas linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids contents were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in breast and thigh muscles of fed the experimental diet. We concluded that additive supplementation of the diet with probiotics and Yucca schidigera extract could improve meat quality.(AU)

Effect of probiotics and Yucca schidigera extract supplementation on broiler meat quality

The current study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with probiotics and Yucca schidigera extract on physicochemical parameters, proximate composition, mineral content and fatty acid profile of broiler breast and thigh muscles. In total, 240 one-day old broilers were randomly allocated into two dietary treatments groups: 1) Control (basal diet), 2) experimental (basal diet with two probiotics Pediococcus acidilactici and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yucca schidigera extract). The results showed that the pH value was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p 0.05). A significant increase in protein, Fe, Zn, Na, P and a significant decrease in lipid, Cu and Cr contents was exhibited in experimental group relative to control group (p < 0.05). The proportion of stearic acid and saturated fatty acids was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced, whereas linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids contents were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in breast and thigh muscles of fed the experimental diet. We concluded that additive supplementation of the diet with probiotics and Yucca schidigera extract could improve meat quality.

In vitro evaluation of the safety and probiotic and technological potential of Pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from sheep milk / Avaliação in vitro do potencial de segurança, probiótico e tecnológico de Pediococcus pentosaceus isolado de leite de ovelhas

Six isolates (Ac1Pd, Ac3Pd, Ac4Pd, Ac5Pd, Ac7Pd, and Ac22Pd) of Pediococcus pentosaceus from sheep milk were tested for safety and for probiotic and technological potential. The results showed that none of the isolates were able to produce biogenic amines or virulence factors. The isolates tested showed low hydrophobicities, high auto-aggregation capacities and co-aggregation with L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644, L. sakei ATCC 15521 and E. faecalis ATCC 19444, but none produced ?-galactosidase and bacteriocins. The isolates did not show growth at pH values 3 and 12, while in a pH range from 4 to 10 the growth was variable. In the absence of bile, all the isolates showed growth, with suppression at bile concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0%. In the disc-diffusion test, the isolates tested were resistant to oxacillin, sulfatrimethoprim and vancomycin but were sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. The isolates showed variable responses to penicillin G and were resistant to most of the drugs tested, except for amoxicillin trihydrate and ibuprofen. All cultures showed a high milk-acidification capacity after 24 hours and none produced exopolysaccharides. The isolates of P. pentosaceus were able to produce diacetyl; however, no culture showed extracellular proteolytic activity and the autolysis varied from 21.3% to 30.5% after 24 h. The isolates grew at NaCl concentrations ...

Testes de avaliação de potencial de segurança, probiótico e tecnológicos foram realizados em seis isolados de Pediococcus pentosaceus (Ac1Pd, Ac3Pd, Ac4Pd, Ac5Pd, Ac7Pd, Ac22Pd) provenientes de leite de ovelha. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que nenhum dos isolados foi capaz de produzir aminas biogênicas ou fatores de virulência. Os isolados testados apresentaram baixa hidrofobicidade, alta capacidade de autoagregação e coagregação com L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644, L. sakei ATCC 15521 e E. faecalis ATCC 19444, porém nenhum produziu ?-galactosidase e bacteriocinas. Não foi observado desenvolvimento dos isolados em pH 3 e 12, sendo que na faixa de pH de 4 a 10 o desenvolvimento foi variável. Na ausência de bile todos os isolados apresentaram desenvolvimento, observando-se supressão quando em concentrações de 0,1%, 0,3%, 0,6% e 1%. No teste de disco-difusão os isolados testados foram resistentes à oxaciclina, sulfatrimetropim e vancomicina, mas foram sensíveis ao cloranfenicol e à tetraciclina e com resultados variáveis para a penicilina G e foram resistentes à maioria dos medicamentos testados, exceto à amoxicilina tri-hidratada e ibuprofeno. Foi observada acidificação do leite somente após 24 h e nenhum produziu exopolissacarídeos. Os isolados de P. pentosaceus foram capazes de produzir diacetil, no entanto, nenhuma cultura apresentou atividade proteolítica extracelular e a...

In vitro evaluation of the safety and probiotic and technological potential of Pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from sheep milk / Avaliação in vitro do potencial de segurança, probiótico e tecnológico de Pediococcus pentosaceus isolado de leite de ovelhas

Six isolates (Ac1Pd, Ac3Pd, Ac4Pd, Ac5Pd, Ac7Pd, and Ac22Pd) of Pediococcus pentosaceus from sheep milk were tested for safety and for probiotic and technological potential. The results showed that none of the isolates were able to produce biogenic amines or virulence factors. The isolates tested showed low hydrophobicities, high auto-aggregation capacities and co-aggregation with L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644, L. sakei ATCC 15521 and E. faecalis ATCC 19444, but none produced ?-galactosidase and bacteriocins. The isolates did not show growth at pH values 3 and 12, while in a pH range from 4 to 10 the growth was variable. In the absence of bile, all the isolates showed growth, with suppression at bile concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0%. In the disc-diffusion test, the isolates tested were resistant to oxacillin, sulfatrimethoprim and vancomycin but were sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. The isolates showed variable responses to penicillin G and were resistant to most of the drugs tested, except for amoxicillin trihydrate and ibuprofen. All cultures showed a high milk-acidification capacity after 24 hours and none produced exopolysaccharides. The isolates of P. pentosaceus were able to produce diacetyl; however, no culture showed extracellular proteolytic activity and the autolysis varied from 21.3% to 30.5% after 24 h. The isolates grew at NaCl concentrations ...(AU)

Testes de avaliação de potencial de segurança, probiótico e tecnológicos foram realizados em seis isolados de Pediococcus pentosaceus (Ac1Pd, Ac3Pd, Ac4Pd, Ac5Pd, Ac7Pd, Ac22Pd) provenientes de leite de ovelha. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que nenhum dos isolados foi capaz de produzir aminas biogênicas ou fatores de virulência. Os isolados testados apresentaram baixa hidrofobicidade, alta capacidade de autoagregação e coagregação com L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644, L. sakei ATCC 15521 e E. faecalis ATCC 19444, porém nenhum produziu ?-galactosidase e bacteriocinas. Não foi observado desenvolvimento dos isolados em pH 3 e 12, sendo que na faixa de pH de 4 a 10 o desenvolvimento foi variável. Na ausência de bile todos os isolados apresentaram desenvolvimento, observando-se supressão quando em concentrações de 0,1%, 0,3%, 0,6% e 1%. No teste de disco-difusão os isolados testados foram resistentes à oxaciclina, sulfatrimetropim e vancomicina, mas foram sensíveis ao cloranfenicol e à tetraciclina e com resultados variáveis para a penicilina G e foram resistentes à maioria dos medicamentos testados, exceto à amoxicilina tri-hidratada e ibuprofeno. Foi observada acidificação do leite somente após 24 h e nenhum produziu exopolissacarídeos. Os isolados de P. pentosaceus foram capazes de produzir diacetil, no entanto, nenhuma cultura apresentou atividade proteolítica extracelular e a...(AU)

Nutritional composition and aerobic stability of wheat and corn silages stored under different environmental conditions / Composição nutricional e estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de trigo e milho armazenadas em diferentes ambientes

We aimed to evaluate nutritional quality, fermentation profile, aerobic stability, and dry matter losses in corn (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum "BRS Umbu") silages. Treatments included uninoculated and inoculated (Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici, 1.0 × 105 UFC g-1) wheat silage, corn silage from a conventional hybrid and a transgenic hybrid. Nutritional quality and fermentation profile variables were tested in a completely randomized design. Means were compared using Tukeys test at 5% significance. An aerobic stability trial was conducted in a factorial design with two silages (wheat × inoculated wheat; conventional hybrid corn × transgenic hybrid corn) and two temperatures (ambient temperature × controlled temperature at 24C). Data were submitted to ANOVA and means were analyzed by the F test at 5% probability. Inoculation of wheat silage increased dry matter, organic matter, and total carbohydrates, but reduced crude protein by a dilution effect. Regarding the fermentation profile, inoculation reduced acetic acid and butyric acid content, whereas it increased propionic acid in wheat silage. Bt corn hybrid silage showed higher dry matter and lower neutral detergent fiber, whereas transgenic corn silage showed lower content of acetic acid, propionic acid, alcohol, and ammonia. Conversely, Bt hybrid silage showed higher butyric acid...

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade nutricional, perfil fermentativo, assim como a estabilidade aeróbia e perdas de matéria seca das silagens das silagens de milho (Zea mays) e trigo (Triticum aestivum "BRS Umbu"). Os tratamentos foram a silagem de trigo sem inoculante, silagem de trigo com inoculante bacteriano (Lactobacillus plantarum e Pediococcus acidilactici na concentração de 1,0×105 UFC g-1), silagem de milho convencional e silagem de milho transgênico. Para as variaveis relacionadas a qualidade nutricional, assim como perfil fermentativo o delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado e as médias foram analisadas pelo teste Tukey ao nível de 5%. Já com relação a estabilidade aeróbia, o delineamento estatístico foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, sendo 2 silagens (silagem de trigo × silagem de trigo com inoculante; silagem de milho convencional × silagem de milho transgênico) e 2 ambientes em avaliação (temperatura ambiente × temperatura controlada à 24 C). Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram analisadas pelo teste F ao nível de 5%. A inoculação da silagem de trigo promoveu maior conservação de matéria seca, matéria orgânica e carboidratos totais, levando a redução da concentração de proteína bruta, por efeito de diluição, quando comparada a silagem controle. A silagem de trigo inoculada apresentou os...

Nutritional composition and aerobic stability of wheat and corn silages stored under different environmental conditions / Composição nutricional e estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de trigo e milho armazenadas em diferentes ambientes

We aimed to evaluate nutritional quality, fermentation profile, aerobic stability, and dry matter losses in corn (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum "BRS Umbu") silages. Treatments included uninoculated and inoculated (Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici, 1.0 × 105 UFC g-1) wheat silage, corn silage from a conventional hybrid and a transgenic hybrid. Nutritional quality and fermentation profile variables were tested in a completely randomized design. Means were compared using Tukeys test at 5% significance. An aerobic stability trial was conducted in a factorial design with two silages (wheat × inoculated wheat; conventional hybrid corn × transgenic hybrid corn) and two temperatures (ambient temperature × controlled temperature at 24C). Data were submitted to ANOVA and means were analyzed by the F test at 5% probability. Inoculation of wheat silage increased dry matter, organic matter, and total carbohydrates, but reduced crude protein by a dilution effect. Regarding the fermentation profile, inoculation reduced acetic acid and butyric acid content, whereas it increased propionic acid in wheat silage. Bt corn hybrid silage showed higher dry matter and lower neutral detergent fiber, whereas transgenic corn silage showed lower content of acetic acid, propionic acid, alcohol, and ammonia. Conversely, Bt hybrid silage showed higher butyric acid...(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade nutricional, perfil fermentativo, assim como a estabilidade aeróbia e perdas de matéria seca das silagens das silagens de milho (Zea mays) e trigo (Triticum aestivum "BRS Umbu"). Os tratamentos foram a silagem de trigo sem inoculante, silagem de trigo com inoculante bacteriano (Lactobacillus plantarum e Pediococcus acidilactici na concentração de 1,0×105 UFC g-1), silagem de milho convencional e silagem de milho transgênico. Para as variaveis relacionadas a qualidade nutricional, assim como perfil fermentativo o delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado e as médias foram analisadas pelo teste Tukey ao nível de 5%. Já com relação a estabilidade aeróbia, o delineamento estatístico foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, sendo 2 silagens (silagem de trigo × silagem de trigo com inoculante; silagem de milho convencional × silagem de milho transgênico) e 2 ambientes em avaliação (temperatura ambiente × temperatura controlada à 24 C). Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram analisadas pelo teste F ao nível de 5%. A inoculação da silagem de trigo promoveu maior conservação de matéria seca, matéria orgânica e carboidratos totais, levando a redução da concentração de proteína bruta, por efeito de diluição, quando comparada a silagem controle. A silagem de trigo inoculada apresentou os...(AU)

Chemical, physical and biological changes of white oat ensiled with different additives / Alterações químicas, físicas e biológicas da aveia branca ensilada com diferentes aditivos

This study evaluated the addition of inoculants on the aerobic stability, nutritional value, and fermentation and microbiological profiles of white oat silages (Avena sativa L.). The trial was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments and six replicates. The treatments consisted of three ensiling approaches: oat (O); oat with homofermentative bacterial inoculant (OB); and oat with bacterial-enzymatic inoculant (OBE). The aerobic stability was 9 days for silage O and 14 days for silages OB and OBE. The non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) decreased (16.67 to 14.05% DM) and the crude protein (CP) did not change (mean of 8.98% DM) during the aerobic exposure in all silages. The buffering capacity (BC) decreased, while pH and the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) increased during the aerobic exposure in all silages. Independent from the aerobic exposure period, BC of OBE silage was higher than O silage (29.67 vs. 24.80 meq/100 g DM). Lactic acid bacteria count in OB silage (7.83 log CFU/g) was higher than in O and OBE silages (5.24 log CFU/g, on average). Also, the OB silage showed high enterobacteria count compared to OBE silage (2.49 vs. 0.76 log CFU/g). The inoculation with Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and amylase enzyme at the dose of 1×105 CFU/g does not improve the aerobic stability, nutritional value and the fermentation and microbiological profiles of oat silages.(AU)

Objetivou-se através deste estudo avaliar o efeito da adição de inoculantes sobre a estabilidade aeróbia, a composição químico-bromatológica, o padrão de fermentação e o perfil microbiológico da silagem de aveia branca (Avena sativa L.). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos foram três formas de ensilagem: aveia (A); aveia com inoculante bacteriano homofermentativo (AB); e aveia com inoculante bacteriano-enzimático (ABE). A estabilidade aeróbia foi de 9 dias para a silagem A e 14 dias para as silagens AB e ABE. O teor de carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) diminuiu (16,67 para 14,05% MS), enquanto o teor de proteína bruta (PB) não foi alterado (média de 8,98% MS) no período de aerobiose em todas as silagens. A capacidade tampão (CT) diminuiu, enquanto o pH e a concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) aumentaram no período de aerobiose em todas as silagens. Independente do período de aerobiose, a CT da silagem ABE foi maior do que a silagem A (29,67 vs. 24,80 meq/100 g MS). A contagem de bactérias ácido láticas na silagem AB (7,83 log UFC/g) foi maior do que nas silagens A e ABE (média de 5,24 log UFC/g). A silagem AB apresentou maior contagem de enterobactérias que a silagem ABE (2,49 vs. 0,76 log UFC/g). A inoculação com bactérias homofermentativas e com a enzima amilase na dose de 1×105 UFC/g não melhora a estabilidade aeróbia, a composição químico-bromatológica, o padrão de fermentação e o perfil microbiológico da silagem de aveia branca.(AU)

Chemical, physical and biological changes of white oat ensiled with different additives / Alterações químicas, físicas e biológicas da aveia branca ensilada com diferentes aditivos

This study evaluated the addition of inoculants on the aerobic stability, nutritional value, and fermentation and microbiological profiles of white oat silages (Avena sativa L.). The trial was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments and six replicates. The treatments consisted of three ensiling approaches: oat (O); oat with homofermentative bacterial inoculant (OB); and oat with bacterial-enzymatic inoculant (OBE). The aerobic stability was 9 days for silage O and 14 days for silages OB and OBE. The non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) decreased (16.67 to 14.05% DM) and the crude protein (CP) did not change (mean of 8.98% DM) during the aerobic exposure in all silages. The buffering capacity (BC) decreased, while pH and the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) increased during the aerobic exposure in all silages. Independent from the aerobic exposure period, BC of OBE silage was higher than O silage (29.67 vs. 24.80 meq/100 g DM). Lactic acid bacteria count in OB silage (7.83 log CFU/g) was higher than in O and OBE silages (5.24 log CFU/g, on average). Also, the OB silage showed high enterobacteria count compared to OBE silage (2.49 vs. 0.76 log CFU/g). The inoculation with Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and amylase enzyme at the dose of 1×105 CFU/g does not improve the aerobic stability, nutritional value and the fermentation and microbiological profiles of oat silages.

Objetivou-se através deste estudo avaliar o efeito da adição de inoculantes sobre a estabilidade aeróbia, a composição químico-bromatológica, o padrão de fermentação e o perfil microbiológico da silagem de aveia branca (Avena sativa L.). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos foram três formas de ensilagem: aveia (A); aveia com inoculante bacteriano homofermentativo (AB); e aveia com inoculante bacteriano-enzimático (ABE). A estabilidade aeróbia foi de 9 dias para a silagem A e 14 dias para as silagens AB e ABE. O teor de carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) diminuiu (16,67 para 14,05% MS), enquanto o teor de proteína bruta (PB) não foi alterado (média de 8,98% MS) no período de aerobiose em todas as silagens. A capacidade tampão (CT) diminuiu, enquanto o pH e a concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) aumentaram no período de aerobiose em todas as silagens. Independente do período de aerobiose, a CT da silagem ABE foi maior do que a silagem A (29,67 vs. 24,80 meq/100 g MS). A contagem de bactérias ácido láticas na silagem AB (7,83 log UFC/g) foi maior do que nas silagens A e ABE (média de 5,24 log UFC/g). A silagem AB apresentou maior contagem de enterobactérias que a silagem ABE (2,49 vs. 0,76 log UFC/g). A inoculação com bactérias homofermentativas e com a enzima amilase na dose de 1×105 UFC/g não melhora a estabilidade aeróbia, a composição químico-bromatológica, o padrão de fermentação e o perfil microbiológico da silagem de aveia branca.

Draft genome sequence of alcohol-tolerant bacteria Pediococcus acidilactici strain K3

Pediococcus acidilactici strain K3 is an alcohol-tolerant lactic acid bacterium isolated from nuruk, which is a traditional Korean fermentation starter for makgeolli brewing. Draft genome of this strain was approximately 1,991,399 bp (G+C content, 42.1%) with 1525 protein-coding sequences (CDS), of which 44% were assigned to recognized functional genes. This draft genome sequence data of the strain K3 will provide insights into the genetic basis of its alcohol-tolerance.(AU)

Whole genome sequence of lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici strain S1

Pediococcus acidilactici strain S1, a lactic acid-fermenting bacterium, was isolated from makgeolli-a Korean traditional fermented alcoholic beverage. Here we report the 1,980,172 bp (G + C content, 42%) genome sequence of Pediococcus acidilactici strain S1 with 1,525 protein-coding sequences (CDS), of which 47% could be assigned to recognized functional genes. The genome sequence of the strain S1 might provide insights into the genetic basis of the lactic acid bacterium with alcohol-tolerant.(AU)

Analysis of microbial diversity in Shenqu with different fermentation times by PCR-DGGE

Abstract Shenqu is a fermented product that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat indigestion; however, the microbial strains in the fermentation process are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate microbial diversity in Shenqu using different fermentation time periods. DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) profiles indicated that a strain of Pediococcus acidilactici (band 9) is the predominant bacteria during fermentation and that the predominant fungi were uncultured Rhizopus, Aspergillus oryzae, and Rhizopus oryzae. In addition, pathogenic bacteria, such as Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Erwinia billingiae, and Pantoea vagan were detected in Shenqu. DGGE analysis showed that bacterial and fungal diversity declined over the course of fermentation. This determination of the predominant bacterial and fungal strains responsible for fermentation may contribute to further Shenqu research, such as optimization of the fermentation process.