Resumo

Uma paciente da espécie canina de 9 anos de idade, SRD, foi encaminhado ao serviço de oncologia, após a retirada de um hemangiossarcoma dérmico em região de abdome. Após pesquisa de metástase, constatou por meio da radiografia de tórax presença de uma formação circular, homogênea de 4 cm em hemitórax direito em topografia de lobo acessório pulmonar. Foi então realizado exames complementares cardiológicos e de imagem tais como ecocardiograma e posteriormente tomografia computadorizada com contraste, que confirmou a presença de aneurisma em veia cava caudal. A paciente apresentava-se assintomática, portanto, tendo sido considerado um achado em estadiamento clínico. O aneurisma é uma dilatação vascular, patologia rara em cães, principalmente em veia cava caudal e suas causas ainda permanecem incertas, tendo na genética como a mais provável. Embora o hemangiosarcoma não seja a causa principal para o desenvolvimento do aneurisma, serviu de gatilho para esse achado. Essa patologia ainda permanece rara na medicina veterinária, mesmo sendo os animais utilizados como principais modelos de estudos para tratamento de aneurismas em humanos.

A 9-year-old canine patient, SRD, was referred to the oncology service after removal of a dermal hemangiosarcoma in the abdomen. After searching for metastasis, he found through chest radiography the presence of a circular, homogeneous 4 cm formation in the right hemithorax in topography of the pulmonary accessory lobe. Complementary cardiological and imaging exams, such as echocardiography and later contrast-enhanced computed tomography, were performed, which confirmed the presence of aneurysm in the caudal vena cava. The patient was asymptomatic, therefore, having been considered a finding in clinical staging. Aneurysm is a vascular dilation, a rare pathology in dogs, mainly in the caudal vena cava and its causes are still uncertain, with genetics as the most plausible and probable. Although hemangiosarcoma is not the main cause for the development of the aneurysm, it served as a trigger for this finding. This pathology still remains rare in veterinary medicine, even though animals are used as the main study models for the treatment of aneurysms in humans.

Resumo

Background: Situs inversus (SI) is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the transposition of the viscera (thoracic and/or abdominal) to the opposite side of its normal topography, as a mirror image. In situs inversus totalis (SIT), all organs are inverted, in addition to the cardiac apex being directed to the right side of the body (dextrocardia). It may not present any clinical signs, and hence, it may be an accidental finding. Because of the rare occurrence of SIT, no epidemiological studies have been conducted in dogs. In 50% of the cases, it may be associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), which causes respiratory clinical signs. SIT can be diagnosed using routine examinations such as ultrasonography, radiography, tomography, and echocardiography. The objective of this paper was to describe the radiographic and echocardiographic findings in a dog with SIT.Case: A 4-month-old Yorkshire Terrier bitch was admitted to the veterinary clinic, with a clinical complaint of cough. A physical examination showed that the dog’s general conditions were good; it had normal appetite and the mucous membranes had a normal color. Radiographic examination revealed changes in the topographic anatomy of the organs. The cardiac silhouette was inverted, adopting a “D” form; this suggested that the left-side chambers were positioned on the right side, and the right-side chambers were located in the left topographic region. The aortic arch was visible on the right side of the thorax. A diffuse non-structured pulmonary interstitial pattern was observed on latero-lateral projections, which could be associated with an inflammatory process. The fundic region of the stomach, spleen, and thymus were visible on the right side. The liver was on the left side of the patient’s abdomen. The stomach contained a foreign body of radiopaque nature that was considered a radiographic finding.[...]

Resumo

Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a lobação do pulmão do veado-catingueiro Mazama gouazoubira. Dois animais da espécie, obtidos post mortem por atropelamento em rodovia, foram utilizados para o estudo, obedecendo aos critérios da Lei Vigente (Lei 1.153/95). Através da dissecação, a pele foi completamente removida e os animais foram fixados em solução de formaldeído a 10 porcento. Através de um acesso ventral, o bloco de vísceras foi removido e posteriormente os pulmões foram dissecados do bloco por uma secção na região torácica da traqueia e de outras estruturas do hilo pulmonar. Os pulmões e a árvore brônquica foram dissecados, fotografados, as imagens foram registradas com câmera fotográfica digital (Câmera Sony a200, 10.2mpx). Os pulmõesapresentaram-se unidos pelas estruturas que penetravam a região do hilo pulmonar, o pulmão direito do veado-catingueiro mostrou ser composto pelos lobos cranial (segmento cranial e segmento caudal), médio, caudal e acessório. O pulmão esquerdo apresentou apenas lobo cranial (segmentado em parte cranial e parte caudal) e lobo caudal. A árvore brônquica se inicia emergindo para o pulmão direito um brônquio traqueal acima da bifurcação da traqueia que sequencialmente serão denominados de brônquios principais direito e esquerdo, os quais no nível do hilo pulmonar penetram nos pulmões direito e esquerdo respectivamente. Os pulmões e árvore brônquica de M. gouazoubira apresentaram a mesma descrição anatômica de outros ruminantes, como bubalinos, ovinos e bovinos.

The study aimed to describe the lung lobation of the brown brocket deer, Mazama gouazoubira. Two animal of the species, obtained postmortem by trampling on the highway, were used for the study, according to criteria of the Governing Law (1.153/95). The skin was completely removed and the animals were fixed in 10 percent formaldehyde. The viscera were removed and the lungs were dissected by a section of the block in the thoracic trachea and other structures of the pulmonary hilum. The lungs and bronchial tree were dissected, photographed and the images were recorded with a digital camera (Sony a200 Camera, 10.2mpx). The lungs showed themselves united by structures that penetrate the region of the pulmonary hilum, the right lung was found to be composed of the cranial lobes (segment cranial and caudal segment), middle, caudal and accessory. The left lung showed only cranial lobe (segmented into the cranial and caudal part) and caudal lobe. The bronchial tree begins emerges to the right lung one tracheal bronchus above the bifurcation of the trachea that are sequentially named right and left main bronchi, which at the level of the pulmonary hilum penetrate the left and right lungs respectively. The lungs and bronchial tree of M. gouazoubira showed the same anatomical description of other ruminants, like buffaloes, sheep and cattle.

Resumo

Os aspectos epidemiológicos, patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos do linfoma em felinos no Sul do Brasil foram avaliados através de um estudo retrospectivo em um período de 12 anos (2004-2016). Em 1356 necropsias de felinos, 125 diagnósticos de linfoma foram revisados com intuito de determinar idade, raça e sexo, topografia tumoral, presença do vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) e do vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e imunofenótipo do neoplasma por imuno-histoquímica, além da categorização dos tumores de acordo com o sistema da Organização de Saúde Mundial, aplicado para uso em animais. O linfoma alimentar (33,6%) foi a mais comum, seguido do linfoma mediastinal (28%). A imuno-histoquímica do tecido neoplásico revelou 50,4% de gatos positivos para FeLV e 21.6% positivos para FIV, e 52,8% dos linfomas consistiam de células T e 47,2% de células B. A faixa etária dos gatos com linfoma de células T variou de 10 a 240 (mediana 120) meses e 6 a 204 (mediana 60) meses para gatos com linfoma de células B; 90,4% dos gatos não tinha raça definida. Entre os linfomas alimentares, o linfoma de células T associado à enteropatia do tipo 1 foi o mais frequente e, entre os linfomas mediastinais, o linfoma difuso de grandes células B foi o principal tipo de linfoma encontrado. Considerando apenas linfomas mediastinais e alimentares, houve associação estatística significativa (p0,05) entre infecção por FeLV e as categorias de idade. A prevalência de linfoma mediastinal entre os gatos positivos para FeLV foi de 3,21 vezes a do linfoma mediastinal entre gatos negativos para FeLV. Embora não seja estatisticamente significativo, a prevalência de linfoma de células B entre os gatos positivos para FeLV foi 1,44 vezes maior que a prevalência de linfoma de células B entre os gatos negativos para FeLV. A respeito dos padrões histológicos de infiltração pulmonar pelo linfoma, avaliamos retrospectivamente 125 casos com diagnóstico de linfoma, nos quais 16 casos apresentaram infiltração pulmonar (12,8%). Desses casos, 9 gatos eram fêmeas e 7 machos e todos não tinham raça definida. As lesões macroscópicas observadas nos pulmões consistiram em massas (25%) e nódulos (18,7%). No entanto, a maioria dos casos (56,2%) não exibiu alteração macroscópica. O padrão de infiltração neoplásico peribronquial-vascular (93,7%) foi o mais frequente, seguido do pleural (56,2%), intersticial (50%), nodular (37,5%) e alveolar (12,5%), sendo que 75% dos linfomas tiveram mais do que um padrão de infiltração. Entre os linfomas que exibiram infiltração pulmonar, 14 (87,5%) casos foram identificados como linfoma de células B e 2 (12,5%) de células T; o linfoma difuso de grandes células B foi o tipo mais frequente, representando 56% desses casos.

The epidemiological, pathological and immunohistochemical aspects of lymphoma in felines in southern Brazil were evaluated through a retrospective study over a 12-year period (2004-2016). In 1,356 necropsies, 125 cats with lymphoma diagnosis were review to determine age, breed and sex, tumor topography, feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and immunodeficiency feline virus (FIV) immunohistochemistry status, immunophenotype of lymphomas, and categorization of the tumors according to World Health Organizations system applied for use in animals. Alimentary lymphoma (33.6%) was the most common, followed by mediastinal lymphoma (28%). Immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue revealed 50.4% FeLV-positive and 21.6% FIV-positive cats, and 52.8%T-cell lymphoma and 47.2% B-cell lymphoma. The range of age of cats with T-cell varied from 10 to 240 (median of 120) months and 6 to 204 (median of 60) months for cats with B-cell lymphoma, and mixed-breed was the most frequent with 90.4% among all breeds. Alimentary lymphoma exhibited the enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (type 1) as the most common and mediastinal lymphoma showed the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma as the main type of lymphoma. Considering only mediastinal and alimentary lymphomas, there was significantly statistical association (p0.05) between FeLV status and the categories of age. The prevalence of mediastinal lymphoma among FeLV-positive cats was 3.21 times the higher than FeLV-negative cats. Although not statistically significant, the prevalence of B-cell lineage among FeLV-positive cats was 1.44 times the prevalence of B-cell lineage among FeLV-negative cats. Regarding the histological patterns of pulmonary infiltration by lymphoma, it was retrospectively assessed 125 reports with lymphoma diagnosis, in which 16 cases showed pulmonary infiltration (12.8%). Of these, 9 cats were females and 7 were males; all of them were mixed-breed cats. Gross lesions observed in the lungs consisted of masses (25%) and nodules (18.7%); however, the majority of cases (56.2%) did not show any gross abnormality. The peribronchial-vascular infiltration pattern (93.7%) was the most frequent pattern, followed by pleural (56.2%), interstitial (50%), nodular (37.5%) and alveolar (12.5%), and 75% of the lymphomas had more than one infiltration pattern. Among the lymphomas with pulmonary involvement, there were 14 (87.5%) B-cell and 2 (12.5%) T-cell lymphomas and the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most frequent type accounting for 56% of these cases.

Resumo

The domestic animals heart is a conical hollow viscera, surrounded by pericardium, laterally compressed, accompanying the thorax shape. Atriums constituted the heart basis and their auricles partially bound the initial portion of the aorta and pulmonary trunk. In mammals, heart is kept suspended in the thoracic cavity and the pericardic sac is fixed dorsally by great veins and arteries roots, and ventrally fixed to the sternum, although its fixation to the diaphragm varies among species. This paper aimed to describe morphological aspects of the heart of the paca, the second biggest Brazilian rodent.

Resumo

Antiretroviral therapy advances have proportioned to AIDS patients a survival increase. At the same time, the permanence of the seropositive people in the nosocomial environment becomes common not only by the adverse reactions caused by this therapy, but also by several opportunistic diseases that take them into and out of hospital environment. During the hospital permanence, the patients expose their impaired immune system to the nosocomial virulent microorganisms, and acquire destructive nosocomial infections that sometimes can be lethal. Among several hospital syndromes described, little is known about infections in immunocompromised patients and how their immune system is able to determine the course of the infection. The objective of this study was to describe the major microorganisms involved in the nosocomial infections of HIV-1 seropositive patients associated with their immunological status. The survey was carried out with the Hospital Infection Control Service records, from University Hospital, Londrina, Paraná, Southern of Brazil, during the period from July 2003 to July 2004. From all the cases studied (n=969), 24 patients (2.5%) had AIDS diagnosis and a half of them was women with the mean of CD4+ T cells counts of 158/mm³. The main topography of the infection was pulmonary (50.0%) and the main isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. A major incidence of infection was observed in patients with CD4+ T cells counts lower than 50/mm³. The study of the relationship between the impairment of the immune system and infectious agents could provide a better healthcare of people living with HIV/AIDS and advances into the nosocomial infection control systems.

Avanços na terapia anti-retroviral têm proporcionado aos pacientes com AIDS um aumento na sobrevida. Ao mesmo tempo, a permanência de pacientes soropositivos no ambiente nosocomial torna-se comum não só pelos efeitos colaterais desta terapia, mas também pelas diversas doenças oportunistas que acometem estes indivíduos dentro e fora do ambiente hospitalar. Durante o período de internação, a fragilidade do sistema imunológico é exposta à virulência da microbiota nosocomial, adquirindo infecções hospitalares graves e muitas vezes fatais. Dentre as diversas síndromes de infecções hospitalares descritas, pouco se sabe sobre estas infecções em pacientes imunocomprometidos e sobre como o estado imunológico é capaz de determinar o curso destas infecções. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar os principais microrganismos envolvidos nas infecções hospitalares de pacientes soropositivos para a infecção pelo HIV-1 e descrever a associação com seu perfil imunológico. Realizou-se análise de dados de notificações do Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar do Hospital Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, na região sul do Brasil, no período de julho de 2003 a julho de 2004. Do total de casos estudados (n=969), 24 pacientes (2,5%) tinham o diagnóstico de AIDS, sendo metade do gênero feminino, com contagem média de células T CD4+ de 158,4/mm³. A principal topografia foi o sítio pulmonar (50,0%), sendo Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Escherichia coli os principais microrganismos isolados. Observou-se maior incidência de infecção em pacientes com contagem de células T CD4+ menor que 50/mm³. O estudo da relação entre sistema imunológico e microrganismos causadores de infecções poderá contribuir para melhorias nos cuidados de pacientes com AIDS e avanços nos sistemas de controle de infecção hospitalar.