Morphological study of the digestive tract of the cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi (Characiformes: Characidae)

The cardinal tetra Paracheirodon axelrodi is a species of the family Characidae of great interest as an ornamental fish. Many aspects of the biology of this species are still unknown. The present work presents a complete description of the different components of the digestive tract of P. axelrodi, analyzing its global anatomical arrangement, the adjacent glands (liver and pancreas) and the previously ignored pyloric caeca, using histological and histochemical techniques with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Three levels of analysis were performed: macroscopic anatomy, histology of the gastrointestinal tract and scanning electron microscopy of mucosal surfaces. The intestinal coefficient (Ci) of P. axelrodi calculated here (0.94) is within the expected range for a carnivorous species. The anatomy of the alimentary and the resulting Ci is consistent with carnivorous diet in line with dietary studies in the wild in this species. The digestive tract, including adjacent glands (liver and pancreas), presented a relatively conserved general pattern within that described for other species of the family Characidae, especially at the histological level.(AU)

El tetra cardenal Paracheirodon axelrodi es una especie de la familia Characidae de gran interés como pez ornamental. Muchos aspectos de la biología de esta especie son aún desconocidos. En este trabajo se presenta una descripción completa de los diferentes componentes del tracto digestivo de P. axelrodi, analizando su disposición anatómica global, las glándulas adyacentes (hígado y páncreas) y la presencia de ciegos pilóricos, mediante técnicas histológicas e histoquímicas con microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido. Se realizaron tres niveles de análisis: anatomía macroscópica, histología del tracto gastrointestinal y microscopía electrónica de barrido de las superficies mucosas. El coeficiente intestinal (Ci) de P. axelrodi calculado aquí (0,94) está dentro del rango esperado para una especie carnívora. Los estudios anatómicos del tracto alimentario y el Ci son consistentes con una dieta carnívora en línea con los estudios de la dieta en ejemplares silvestres en esta especie. El tracto digestivo, incluyendo las glándulas adyacentes (hígado y páncreas), presentó un patrón general relativamente conservado dentro de lo descrito para otras especies de la familia Characidae, especialmente a nivel histológico.(AU)

Ultrastructural study of the esophagus and stomach of Arapaima gigas (Schinz 1822), juvenile paiche, created excavated tank

Paiche (Arapaima gigas) belongs to the Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Actinopterygii, Order Osteoglossiformes, Family Arapaimidae, Genus Arapaima, and its origin may date to the Jurassic period. The species has natural habitat in the Amazonian rivers, found mainly in marginal lakes, being considered an important fishing resource, with high market value and high demand for meat and leather in both Brazilian and international trade. This study aims to report the morphology of the esophagus and stomach by light microscopy and scanning electronics microscopy. The esophagus was presented as muscular, short, tubular and fan-shaped in the cranial portion, also presenting deep longitudinal folds, and the entire mucosa is covered by mucus secretory cells with distinct morphological characteristics. Pirarurcu's stomach has a J-shape divided into three regions: cardiac with a lighter aspect, fundus portion with few folds in the mucosa, and pyloric with deeper folds, also presenting gastroliths in fundus and pyloric portions. Both microscopy studies highlighted three glandular regions, composed by mucoid columnar epithelial cells, gastric crypts with different shapes and sizes depending on each portion, in which the different shapes of the mucosal folds in each region of the stomach were evident, and digitiform microsaliences were found in the cardiac region, and micro-orifices and desmosome in the fundus region. Also, fundus and pyloric portions produce more mucus than the cardiac. Then morphology found was consistent with the eating habits and management of distinct characteristics of the digestive tract.(AU)

Identification of the tributary branches of the hepatic portal vein in the common sloth, Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825 (Pilosa: Bradypodidae) / [Identificação dos ramos tributários da veia porta hepática na preguiça-comum, Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825 (Pilosa: Bradypodidae)]

Bradypus variegatus, the common sloth, belongs to the Bradypodidae family, being considered a biological model to be applied in multidisciplinary research. This study was developed with the aim of being applied to clinical medicine and to the adequate management of the common sloth. Ten sloths were utilized, obtained post-natural death. The animals were fixed and to obtain the results, they were submitted to the dissection technique. For 80% of the animals, the portal vein originated from five tributaries, which were: the resulting vein from the anastomosis of the cardia vein, fundic vein, and the pyloric branches; the mesenteric trunk; the vein formed by the confluence of the stomach body branches and the cranial portion of the cavity of the cardia; the pyloric vein and splenic vein. While in 20% of the animals, the portal vein was comprised of six tributaries, because the fundic vein and cardia vein form two direct anastomoses, arriving at the portal vein two tributary vessels. This pattern differs in number and arrangement of branches when compared to the main domestic species. Therefore, the hepatic portal system is responsible for the drainage of the stomach, spleen, pancreas and intestines.

Bradypus variegatus, a preguiça-comum, pertence à família Bradypodidae, sendo considerada um modelo biológico a ser aplicado em pesquisas multidisciplinares. Este estudo foi desenvolvido a fim de ser aplicado à clínica médica e ao manejo adequado da preguiça-comum. Foram utilizadas 10 preguiças, obtidas após morte natural. Os animais foram fixados e, para a obtenção dos resultados, submeteram-se à técnica de dissecação. Em 80% das observações, a veia porta originou-se a partir de cinco tributárias, são elas: a veia resultante da anastomose da veia cárdia, da veia fúndica e dos ramos pilóricos; o tronco mesentérico; a veia formada a partir da confluência de ramos do corpo estomacal e da porção cranial da cavidade cárdica; a veia pilórica e a veia esplênica. Enquanto em 20% dos animais a veia porta é constituída por seis tributárias, a veia fúndica e a veia cárdica formam duas anastomoses diretas, chegando à veia porta dois vasos tributários. Esse padrão difere em número e em disposição dos ramos, quando comparado ao das principais espécies domésticas. Portanto, o sistema porta hepático é responsável pela drenagem do estômago, do baço, do pâncreas e dos intestinos.

Macro, micromorphological and histological aspects of the intestine pirarucu Arapaima gigas (SCHINZ, 1822) (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae) / Aspectos macro e micromorfológicos e histológicos do intestino do pirarucu Arapaima gigas (SCHINZ, 1822) (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae)

Currently, the fish farming with Arapaima gigas has suffered from technological obstacles in the fields of reproduction, health and nutrition, making it necessary to know the morphology of its structures, so that it can advance in more technified research in scope of production in Rondônia state, as well as in aquaculture nutrition and health. Therefore, the aimed is to characterize the macro and microscopic morphology of posterior digestive system of A. gigas. The intestine of six specimens A. gigas in ideal slaughter size was analyzed. The analyzes were performed using light-sheet microscopy (LM) and scanning electron (SEM) techniques. The intestine basically showes similar histological characteristics in three analyzed portions (proximal, middle and distal). Same type of simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells was evidenced, with subtle variations in pattern of villi in each segment, and in number of goblet cells. In the rectum, the amount of goblet cells and evident longitudinal villi was expressive. Macroscopic anatomy and histology of the intestine A. gigas analyzed showes characteristics of adaptation to cultivation, according to their diet and habitat. The intestinal mucosa can divided into three distinct portions: proximal, middle and final intestine, in addition to the rectum and anus. In the pyloric cecum, the folds are slightly higher and poorly branched. The rectum, compared to the midgut, showed a higher occurrence of goblet cells in the mucosa. This increase in goblet cells observed in the posterior portion may related to the assimilation of ions and fluids that occur at this location.

Atualmente, a piscicultura do Arapaima gigas tem sofrido com entraves tecnológicos nos campos de reprodução, saúde e nutrição, fazendo-se necessário conhecer a morfologia de suas estruturas, para que se possa avançar em pesquisas mais tecnificadas no âmbito da produção piscícola no estado de Rondônia, bem como na nutrição e na sanidade aquícola. Por isso, objetiva-se caracterizar a morfologia macro e microscópica do sistema digestivo posterior do A. gigas. Foi analisado o intestino de seis espécimes de A. gigas em porte de abate. As análises foram realizadas por meio de técnicas de microscopia de luz (ML) e eletrônica de varredura (MEV). O intestino apresenta basicamente características histológicas similares nas três porções analisadas (proximal, médio e distal). Evidenciou-se um mesmo tipo de epitélio colunar simples com células caliciformes, variando o padrão de vilos em cada segmento de forma sutil, e o número de células caliciformes. No reto foi expressiva a quantidade de células caliciformes e as vilos longitudinais evidentes. A anatomia macroscópica e a histologia do intestino de A. gigas analisadas apresentam características de adaptação ao cultivo, conforme sua alimentação e habitat. A mucosa intestinal pode ser dividida em três porções distintas: intestino proximal, médio e final, além de reto e ânus. No ceco pilórico, as dobras são ligeiramente mais altas e pouco ramificadas. O reto, comparado ao intestino médio, apresentou maior ocorrência de células caliciformes na mucosa. Esse aumento de células caliciformes observado na porção posterior pode estar relacionado com a assimilação de íons e fluidos que ocorrem neste local.

Evaluation of biomechanical traction of incisional gastropexy and scarification gastropexy techniques in dogs

Background: Gastropexy is used to correct gastric dilatation volvulus, a disease that usually affects large and giant dogsand leads to death in 23.4 - 43% of patients. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical traction of 2 gastropexytechniques, incisional gastropexy and scarified gastropexy, in 10 dog cadavers. Incisional gastropexy comprises a singleincision in the abdominal wall and another incision in the stomach wall in the pyloric region followed by simple continuous sutures. The scarification technique creates scarification along the stomach borders of the pexy. Thereby, knowing thatboth techniques are successful, the biomechanical traction of each technique was compared.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 10 animals without defined breed weighing from 6.4 - 43.0 kg were allocatedinto 2 equal groups (GE [scarified gastropexy] and GI [incisional gastropexy]). Incisional gastropexy was performed witha simple continuous suture pattern in the GI group and scarified gastropexy with an interrupted simple suture pattern wasperformed in the GE group. Absorbable 2-0 monofilament yarn (polygllecaprone 25) was used for sutures in both groups.Rectangular segments of the gastric antrum were collected from the right abdominal wall and from the bottom of thestomach at the left abdominal wall, which were subjected to a traction test. The scarification technique was easier, faster,and used less surgical sutures than the incisional technique. Both techniques were effective regardless of the site applied,with no significant differences. There was a difference in stretching depending on location.Discussion: The pathogenesis of gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) is unknown. However, gas accumulation inside thegastric chamber may lead to organ dilation and consequently cause torsion of the cardia region and pyloric antrum, resulting in strangulation of blood vessels and nerves. This torsion could cause stomach ischemia followed by organ necrosis if...

Evaluation of biomechanical traction of incisional gastropexy and scarification gastropexy techniques in dogs

Background: Gastropexy is used to correct gastric dilatation volvulus, a disease that usually affects large and giant dogsand leads to death in 23.4 - 43% of patients. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical traction of 2 gastropexytechniques, incisional gastropexy and scarified gastropexy, in 10 dog cadavers. Incisional gastropexy comprises a singleincision in the abdominal wall and another incision in the stomach wall in the pyloric region followed by simple continuous sutures. The scarification technique creates scarification along the stomach borders of the pexy. Thereby, knowing thatboth techniques are successful, the biomechanical traction of each technique was compared.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 10 animals without defined breed weighing from 6.4 - 43.0 kg were allocatedinto 2 equal groups (GE [scarified gastropexy] and GI [incisional gastropexy]). Incisional gastropexy was performed witha simple continuous suture pattern in the GI group and scarified gastropexy with an interrupted simple suture pattern wasperformed in the GE group. Absorbable 2-0 monofilament yarn (polygllecaprone 25) was used for sutures in both groups.Rectangular segments of the gastric antrum were collected from the right abdominal wall and from the bottom of thestomach at the left abdominal wall, which were subjected to a traction test. The scarification technique was easier, faster,and used less surgical sutures than the incisional technique. Both techniques were effective regardless of the site applied,with no significant differences. There was a difference in stretching depending on location.Discussion: The pathogenesis of gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) is unknown. However, gas accumulation inside thegastric chamber may lead to organ dilation and consequently cause torsion of the cardia region and pyloric antrum, resulting in strangulation of blood vessels and nerves. This torsion could cause stomach ischemia followed by organ necrosis if...(AU)

Anatomia do tubo digestório da espécie Acestrorhynchus lacustres (Ostaryohisi, Characiformes) Lütken, 1875 do Rio de Ondas, Oeste da Bahia, Brasil} / Digestive tract anatomy of the species Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Ostaryohisi, Characiformes) Lütken, 1875 from Ondas River, Western Bahia, Brazil / Anatomía del tubo digestorial de la especie Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Ostaryohisi, Characiformes) Lütken, 1875 de Rio de Ondas, Oeste de Bahia, Brasil

O presente estudo visa descrever e mensurar o tubo digestório da espécie Acestrorhynchus lacustris. Foram utilizados 10 exemplares da espécie, coletados em diferentes trechos da bacia hidrográfica do rio de Ondas, localizada no Oeste do Estado da Bahia, na ecorregião aquática do rio São Francisco. Foram realizadas mensuração e pesagem dos peixes. A cavidade bucofaríngea e os órgãos digestórios pós-faríngeos: esôfago, estômago, cecos pilóricos e intestino foram analisados, descritos e mensurados. Para definição do tamanho dos órgãos da espécie, independente do tamanho do exemplar, foi calculado o comprimento relativo dos órgãos, exceto dos cecos pilóricos. A espécie A. lacustris apresenta boca terminal, fenda bucal e cavidade bucofaringea amplas, dentes cônicos e caninos; esôfago curto, musculoso e distensível; estômago alongado, musculoso, do tipo cecal, com formato de “Y”; sete a 15 cecos pilóricos que aparecem como evaginações no intestino; e intestino curto, musculoso e bastante espesso. Os dados obtidos demonstram que o tamanho dos órgãos que compõe o tubo digestório da espécie não está relacionado ao tamanho do exemplar. O estudo das características anatômicas do tubo digestório ampliou o conhecimento biológico e ecológico da espécie estudada, auxiliando na compreensão do desempenho desta espécie em ecossistemas naturais e na elaboração de propostas para a preservação ou manejo da espécie.

This study aims to describe and measure the digestive tract of the species Acestrorhynchus lacustris. Ten specimens of the species were used, captured in different parts of the river basin of the Ondas river, located west of the State of Bahia, in the aquatic ecoregion of the São Francisco river. Fish measurements and weighing were carried out. The oropharyngeal cavity and postpharyngeal digestive organs were analyzed, described and measured: esophagus, stomach, pyloric cecum and intestine. To define the size of the organs of the species, regardless of the size of the sample, the relative length of the organs, except the pyloric cecum, was calculated. The species A. lacustris has a terminal mouth, a wide oral cleft and oropharyngeal cavity, conical and canine teeth; short, muscular, and compliant esophagus; elongated, muscular stomach, cecal type, shaped like a "Y"; seven to fifteen pyloric cecum that appear as bowel movements; and intestine short, muscular and quite thick. The data obtained show that the size of the organs that make up the digestive tract of the species is not related to the size of the specimen. The study of the anatomical characteristics of the digestive tract expanded the biological and ecological knowledge of the studied species, helping to understand the performance of this species in natural ecosystems and in the elaboration of proposals for the preservation or management of the species.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir y medir el tubo digestivo de la especie Acestrorhynchus lacustris. Se utilizaron diez ejemplares de la especie, capturado en diferentes partes de la cuenca hidrográfica del río del Ondas, situado al oeste del Estado de Bahía, en la ecorregión acuática del río São Francisco. Se realizaron mediciones y pesaje de peces. Se analizaron, describieron y midieron la cavidad bucofaríngea y los órganos digestivos posfaríngeos: esófago, estómago, ciego pilórico e intestino. Para definir el tamaño de los órganos de la especie, independientemente del tamaño de la muestra, se calculó la longitud relativa de los órganos, excepto el ciego pilórico. La especie A. lacustris tiene boca terminal, hendidura bucal amplia y cavidad bucofaríngea, dientes cónicos y caninos; esófago corto, musculoso y distensible; estómago alargado, musculoso, tipo cecal, en forma de “Y”; de siete a quince ciegos pilóricos que aparecen como evacuaciones intestinales; e intestino corto, musculoso y bastante grueso. Los datos obtenidos demuestran que el tamaño de los órganos que componen el tubo digestivo de la especie no está relacionado con el tamaño del espécimen. El estudio de las características anatómicas del tubo digestivo amplió el conocimiento biológico y ecológico de las especies estudiadas, ayudando a comprender el desempeño de esta especie en ecosistemas naturales y en la elaboración de propuestas para la preservación o manejo de la especie.

Anatomia do tubo digestório da espécie Acestrorhynchus lacustres (Ostaryohisi, Characiformes) Lütken, 1875 do Rio de Ondas, Oeste da Bahia, Brasil} / Digestive tract anatomy of the species Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Ostaryohisi, Characiformes) Lütken, 1875 from Ondas River, Western Bahia, Brazil / Anatomía del tubo digestorial de la especie Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Ostaryohisi, Characiformes) Lütken, 1875 de Rio de Ondas, Oeste de Bahia, Brasil

O presente estudo visa descrever e mensurar o tubo digestório da espécie Acestrorhynchus lacustris. Foram utilizados 10 exemplares da espécie, coletados em diferentes trechos da bacia hidrográfica do rio de Ondas, localizada no Oeste do Estado da Bahia, na ecorregião aquática do rio São Francisco. Foram realizadas mensuração e pesagem dos peixes. A cavidade bucofaríngea e os órgãos digestórios pós-faríngeos: esôfago, estômago, cecos pilóricos e intestino foram analisados, descritos e mensurados. Para definição do tamanho dos órgãos da espécie, independente do tamanho do exemplar, foi calculado o comprimento relativo dos órgãos, exceto dos cecos pilóricos. A espécie A. lacustris apresenta boca terminal, fenda bucal e cavidade bucofaringea amplas, dentes cônicos e caninos; esôfago curto, musculoso e distensível; estômago alongado, musculoso, do tipo cecal, com formato de “Y”; sete a 15 cecos pilóricos que aparecem como evaginações no intestino; e intestino curto, musculoso e bastante espesso. Os dados obtidos demonstram que o tamanho dos órgãos que compõe o tubo digestório da espécie não está relacionado ao tamanho do exemplar. O estudo das características anatômicas do tubo digestório ampliou o conhecimento biológico e ecológico da espécie estudada, auxiliando na compreensão do desempenho desta espécie em ecossistemas naturais e na elaboração de propostas para a preservação ou manejo da espécie.(AU)

This study aims to describe and measure the digestive tract of the species Acestrorhynchus lacustris. Ten specimens of the species were used, captured in different parts of the river basin of the Ondas river, located west of the State of Bahia, in the aquatic ecoregion of the São Francisco river. Fish measurements and weighing were carried out. The oropharyngeal cavity and postpharyngeal digestive organs were analyzed, described and measured: esophagus, stomach, pyloric cecum and intestine. To define the size of the organs of the species, regardless of the size of the sample, the relative length of the organs, except the pyloric cecum, was calculated. The species A. lacustris has a terminal mouth, a wide oral cleft and oropharyngeal cavity, conical and canine teeth; short, muscular, and compliant esophagus; elongated, muscular stomach, cecal type, shaped like a "Y"; seven to fifteen pyloric cecum that appear as bowel movements; and intestine short, muscular and quite thick. The data obtained show that the size of the organs that make up the digestive tract of the species is not related to the size of the specimen. The study of the anatomical characteristics of the digestive tract expanded the biological and ecological knowledge of the studied species, helping to understand the performance of this species in natural ecosystems and in the elaboration of proposals for the preservation or management of the species.(AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir y medir el tubo digestivo de la especie Acestrorhynchus lacustris. Se utilizaron diez ejemplares de la especie, capturado en diferentes partes de la cuenca hidrográfica del río del Ondas, situado al oeste del Estado de Bahía, en la ecorregión acuática del río São Francisco. Se realizaron mediciones y pesaje de peces. Se analizaron, describieron y midieron la cavidad bucofaríngea y los órganos digestivos posfaríngeos: esófago, estómago, ciego pilórico e intestino. Para definir el tamaño de los órganos de la especie, independientemente del tamaño de la muestra, se calculó la longitud relativa de los órganos, excepto el ciego pilórico. La especie A. lacustris tiene boca terminal, hendidura bucal amplia y cavidad bucofaríngea, dientes cónicos y caninos; esófago corto, musculoso y distensible; estómago alargado, musculoso, tipo cecal, en forma de “Y”; de siete a quince ciegos pilóricos que aparecen como evacuaciones intestinales; e intestino corto, musculoso y bastante grueso. Los datos obtenidos demuestran que el tamaño de los órganos que componen el tubo digestivo de la especie no está relacionado con el tamaño del espécimen. El estudio de las características anatómicas del tubo digestivo amplió el conocimiento biológico y ecológico de las especies estudiadas, ayudando a comprender el desempeño de esta especie en ecosistemas naturales y en la elaboración de propuestas para la preservación o manejo de la especie.(AU)

Tubular adenoma pyloric-gland type in a cow

The paper describes a typical Pyloric-Gland Type Tubular Adenoma founded in a 7 years old holstein cow. At necropsy, macroscopic examination showed a pedunculated polypoid formation measuring 4.0 cm in its largest diameter in the mucous membrane of the gallbladders body region, with a delicate base in the form of a rod measuring 2.5 cm in length. Histologically analysis showed a tubular cell proliferation covered with cylindrical epithelium, which secreted mucus, with regular, vesicular nuclei with small and regular nucleoli. The stroma was represented by a delicate and loosened, vascularized connective tissue and edema. In the veterinary literature, there is no mention of the occurrence of Pyloric-Gland Type Tubular Adenoma in cattle as well a published description about it.(AU)

Tubular adenoma pyloric-gland type in a cow

The paper describes a typical Pyloric-Gland Type Tubular Adenoma founded in a 7 years old holstein cow. At necropsy, macroscopic examination showed a pedunculated polypoid formation measuring 4.0 cm in its largest diameter in the mucous membrane of the gallbladder’s body region, with a delicate base in the form of a rod measuring 2.5 cm in length. Histologically analysis showed a tubular cell proliferation covered with cylindrical epithelium, which secreted mucus, with regular, vesicular nuclei with small and regular nucleoli. The stroma was represented by a delicate and loosened, vascularized connective tissue and edema. In the veterinary literature, there is no mention of the occurrence of Pyloric-Gland Type Tubular Adenoma in cattle as well a published description about it.

Clinical, laboratorial and image aspects of a perforated pyloric ulcer secondary to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use in a cat

Background: Inappropriate use of drugs for veterinary patients represents a common problem at clinical practice. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories are one of these misused drugs and may lead to clinical status of challenging diagnosis. Adverseeffects for patients submitted to its incorrect use may include simple cases such as pharmacological gastroenteritis to severeacute renal failure or perforated gastroenteric ulcers with no pathognomonic clinical signs. The objective of this reportwas to describe a case of a perforated pyloric ulcer secondary to prolonged use of meloxicam in a cat with its clinical,laboratorial and image aspects from the moment of suspicion until the diagnosis.Case: An 8-year-old female feline was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Dom Bosco Catholic University, withmain complaint being a mammary nodule with recent ulceration. Tumor staging and pre-surgical blood analysis wereperformed previous to total unilateral mastectomy. Eleven days post-surgery the patient was brought for suture removal,but it was observed stupor, moderate dehydration (estimated 10%), 36.7ºC rectal temperature, heart rate at 100 beats/min,respiratory rate at 60 breaths/min, 40 mg/dL blood glucose, icterus and abdominal distension with tympany at percussion(fluid wave test was negative). Anamnesis revealed the possible use of meloxicam for 10 days. The first suspicion wassepsis, with enteric gas secondary to infection. Due to no classical signs of peritoneum effusion and possible severe entericdistension, abdominocentesis was not immediate performed. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry revealed amarked band leukocytosis associated with renal injury, supporting the first sepsis suspicion. Abdominal radiography revealedradiodensity of diffuse aspect at ventral topography but no evidence of marked...

Clinical, laboratorial and image aspects of a perforated pyloric ulcer secondary to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use in a cat

Background: Inappropriate use of drugs for veterinary patients represents a common problem at clinical practice. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories are one of these misused drugs and may lead to clinical status of challenging diagnosis. Adverseeffects for patients submitted to its incorrect use may include simple cases such as pharmacological gastroenteritis to severeacute renal failure or perforated gastroenteric ulcers with no pathognomonic clinical signs. The objective of this reportwas to describe a case of a perforated pyloric ulcer secondary to prolonged use of meloxicam in a cat with its clinical,laboratorial and image aspects from the moment of suspicion until the diagnosis.Case: An 8-year-old female feline was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Dom Bosco Catholic University, withmain complaint being a mammary nodule with recent ulceration. Tumor staging and pre-surgical blood analysis wereperformed previous to total unilateral mastectomy. Eleven days post-surgery the patient was brought for suture removal,but it was observed stupor, moderate dehydration (estimated 10%), 36.7ºC rectal temperature, heart rate at 100 beats/min,respiratory rate at 60 breaths/min, 40 mg/dL blood glucose, icterus and abdominal distension with tympany at percussion(fluid wave test was negative). Anamnesis revealed the possible use of meloxicam for 10 days. The first suspicion wassepsis, with enteric gas secondary to infection. Due to no classical signs of peritoneum effusion and possible severe entericdistension, abdominocentesis was not immediate performed. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry revealed amarked band leukocytosis associated with renal injury, supporting the first sepsis suspicion. Abdominal radiography revealedradiodensity of diffuse aspect at ventral topography but no evidence of marked...(AU)

Fatal multiple intestinal intussusceptions and torsion secondary to a non-degradable foreign body gastrointestinal obstruction in a captive Lion (Panthera leo)

Intussusception is the invagination of one segment of the intestine into the part of the tract that either precedes or follows in the gastrointestinal tract of different species of animals. This report describes a case of fatal multiple intestinal intussusceptions and torsion associated with non-degradable foreign body gastrointestinal obstruction in a captive lion (Panthera leo) in a zoo in Nigeria. Parenchymatous tissues were aseptically collected during necropsy for bacteriological isolation and histopathology. Also, intestinal fecal material was collected and sent for parasitological examination. The main lesions were gastroduodenal, duodeduodenal, duodejejunal and jejunojenunal intussusceptions and duodenal torsion. A non-degradable towel-like fabric foreign body obstruction along the pyloric antrum/canal region of the stomach down to the jejunum was found. Microscopic lesion included ischemic necrosis of inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscles of the intestine with necrosis of other layers and vascular congestion. Parasitological examination revealed presence of Babesia spp. in blood smear examined before the death of the lion. While Escherichia coli was isolated from the liver on MacConkey agar. A diagnosis of intussusception and torsion associated with non-degradable foreign body (fabric) gastrointestinal obstruction was made. This first case of ingestion of a non-degradable fabric foreign body leading to gastrointestinal obstruction in captive lion in Nigeria has brought about the need for vigilance of zoo authority to prevent a recurrence during crowd influx to the garden.

Billroth I technique application after resection of gastric leiomyoma in a dog

Background: Gastric neoplasia is rare, corresponding to less than 1% of cases, with a lower prevalence of those involving smooth muscle tissues. In these cases, clinical signs worsen in the occurrence of pyloric obstruction, leading to clinical manifestations such as chronic emesis. The exeresis of the neoplasm is promoted as a therapeutic measure to reestablish gastrointestinal flow. There partial gastrectomy followed by gastroduodenal anastomosis, using the Billroth I technique, is among the available surgical techniques. The therapeutic success of the Billroth I technique after pylorectomy was reported in a dog with gastric leiomyoma. Case: A 9-year-old male Poodle dog, weighing 9.5 kg, was referred for clinical evaluation with a history of chronic vomiting starting three months ago, progressive weight loss, and melena, previously treated by another Veterinarian as idiopathic gastroenteritis. The physical evaluation of the animal showed a state of normal consciousness, body score 4/9, pale ocular and oral mucous membranes, respiratory rate 20 mpm, heart rate 166 bpm, a rectal temperature of 37.9°C, and dehydration degree of 8.0%. Blood count showed normocytic normochromic anemia and leukocytosis with shift to the right. Radiographic and endoscopic examinations were not noteworthy. Endoscopic biopsy after a histopathological evaluation showed no cellular or tissue atypia. On the other hand, abdominal ultrasound assessment revealed thickening with loss of echotexture and definition of the muscular layer of the gastric wall, pyloric and duodenum region compatible with benign antral muscle hypertrophy and/or pyloric neoplasia. The animal worsened 5 days after the initial treatment, with progressive episodes of emesis and melena, opting for an exploratory laparotomy. A mass of firm consistency measuring approximately 2.5 × 6.0 cm in diameter was found in the pyloric region, opting for a pylorectomy. The excised fragment was sent for histopathological...

Billroth I technique application after resection of gastric leiomyoma in a dog

Background: Gastric neoplasia is rare, corresponding to less than 1% of cases, with a lower prevalence of those involving smooth muscle tissues. In these cases, clinical signs worsen in the occurrence of pyloric obstruction, leading to clinical manifestations such as chronic emesis. The exeresis of the neoplasm is promoted as a therapeutic measure to reestablish gastrointestinal flow. There partial gastrectomy followed by gastroduodenal anastomosis, using the Billroth I technique, is among the available surgical techniques. The therapeutic success of the Billroth I technique after pylorectomy was reported in a dog with gastric leiomyoma. Case: A 9-year-old male Poodle dog, weighing 9.5 kg, was referred for clinical evaluation with a history of chronic vomiting starting three months ago, progressive weight loss, and melena, previously treated by another Veterinarian as idiopathic gastroenteritis. The physical evaluation of the animal showed a state of normal consciousness, body score 4/9, pale ocular and oral mucous membranes, respiratory rate 20 mpm, heart rate 166 bpm, a rectal temperature of 37.9°C, and dehydration degree of 8.0%. Blood count showed normocytic normochromic anemia and leukocytosis with shift to the right. Radiographic and endoscopic examinations were not noteworthy. Endoscopic biopsy after a histopathological evaluation showed no cellular or tissue atypia. On the other hand, abdominal ultrasound assessment revealed thickening with loss of echotexture and definition of the muscular layer of the gastric wall, pyloric and duodenum region compatible with benign antral muscle hypertrophy and/or pyloric neoplasia. The animal worsened 5 days after the initial treatment, with progressive episodes of emesis and melena, opting for an exploratory laparotomy. A mass of firm consistency measuring approximately 2.5 × 6.0 cm in diameter was found in the pyloric region, opting for a pylorectomy. The excised fragment was sent for histopathological...(AU)

Fatal multiple intestinal intussusceptions and torsion secondary to a non-degradable foreign body gastrointestinal obstruction in a captive Lion (Panthera leo)

Intussusception is the invagination of one segment of the intestine into the part of the tract that either precedes or follows in the gastrointestinal tract of different species of animals. This report describes a case of fatal multiple intestinal intussusceptions and torsion associated with non-degradable foreign body gastrointestinal obstruction in a captive lion (Panthera leo) in a zoo in Nigeria. Parenchymatous tissues were aseptically collected during necropsy for bacteriological isolation and histopathology. Also, intestinal fecal material was collected and sent for parasitological examination. The main lesions were gastroduodenal, duodeduodenal, duodejejunal and jejunojenunal intussusceptions and duodenal torsion. A non-degradable towel-like fabric foreign body obstruction along the pyloric antrum/canal region of the stomach down to the jejunum was found. Microscopic lesion included ischemic necrosis of inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscles of the intestine with necrosis of other layers and vascular congestion. Parasitological examination revealed presence of Babesia spp. in blood smear examined before the death of the lion. While Escherichia coli was isolated from the liver on MacConkey agar. A diagnosis of intussusception and torsion associated with non-degradable foreign body (fabric) gastrointestinal obstruction was made. This first case of ingestion of a non-degradable fabric foreign body leading to gastrointestinal obstruction in captive lion in Nigeria has brought about the need for vigilance of zoo authority to prevent a recurrence during crowd influx to the garden.(AU)

Effect of taxifolin on oxidative gastric injury induced by celiac artery ligation in rats

Purpose: To examine the effect of taxifolin on I/R induced gastric injury in rats using biochemical and histopatholohical methods. Methods: Eighteen albino Wistar male rats equally grouped as; gastric I/R (I/R), 50 mg/kg taxifolin + gastric I/R (TAX+ I/R) and sham operation applied (SHAM). Ischemia induced for 1 hour, and reperfusion induced for 3 hours. Results: Oxidant parameters like, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Hydroxyguanine (8-OHdG) were higher, whereas total glutathione (tGSH) was lower in the I/R group according to SHAM group, histopathological findings such as marked destruction, edema, and proliferated dilated congested blood vessels were observed severely in the I/R group, whereas there was not any pathological finding except mild dilated congested blood vessels in the TAX+ I/R group. Conclusion: The taxifolin can be clinically beneficial in the treatment of gastric injury due to I/R procedure.(AU)

Características morfológicas do estômago de jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis - Linnaeus, 1758) / Morphological characteristics of the stomach of the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis - Linnaeus, 1758)

Leopardus pardalis é uma das espécies de felinos neotropicais mais estudadas em seus aspectos ecológicos, porém informações de questões morfofisiológicas do trato digestório não são encontradas na literatura. Visando contribuir com tais informações, o objetivo deste artigo foi caracterizar a morfologia do estômago dessa espécie. Nesta pesquisa, foram utilizados cinco exemplares adultos, coletados após óbito por atropelamento ou doados pelo IBAMA ao Laboratório de Zoologia e Morfologia Animal da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - Alta Floresta. Os animais foram fixados com solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10%, dissecados por meio de técnicas anatômicas. Além dos estudos anatômicos, também foram coletados tecidos para microscopia. As análises macroscópicas revelaram que o estômago era do tipo unicavitário, com presença de pequena e grande curvatura, localizado no antímero esquerdo e constituído pelas regiões características do órgão. Em seus aspectos microscópicos, mostrou-se formado pelas quatro túnicas usuais do tubo digestório: túnica mucosa, submucosa, muscular e serosa, cada uma com as particularidades características de cada região, principalmente na túnica mucosa. O estômago de L. pardalis revelou uma morfologia semelhante às espécies domésticas e selvagens, com particularidades histomorfológicas na região pilórica. Esse padrão pode estar relacionado a adaptações evolutivas no processo digestivo dessa espécie.(AU)

The species Leopardus pardalis is one of the species of neotropical felines more studied in its ecological aspects, however, information of morphophysiological questions of the digestive tract are not found in the literature. Aiming to contribute with such information, the objective of this work was to characterize the morphology of the stomach of this species. Five adult specimens, collected after death by trampling, or donated by IBAMA to the Laboratory of Zoology and Animal Morphology of the University of the State of Mato Grosso - Alta Floresta, were used in this research. The animals were fixed with aqueous solution of formaldehyde 10%, dissected through the basic techniques and instruments of anatomy, and later the material was collected for microscopy. The macroscopic analysis revealed that the stomach was of the unicavitary type, with small and great curvature, located in the left antimer and constituted by the characteristic regions of the organ. In its microscopic aspects it was formed by the four usual tunics of the digestive tube: tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscular and serosa, each one with the peculiarities characteristic of each region, mainly in the tunica mucosa. The stomach of L. pardalis revealed similar morphology to the domestic and wild species, with small histomorphological peculiarities in the pyloric region, which may be related to evolutionary adaptations in the digestive process of this species.(AU)

Características morfológicas do estômago de jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis - Linnaeus, 1758) / Morphological characteristics of the stomach of the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis - Linnaeus, 1758)

Leopardus pardalis é uma das espécies de felinos neotropicais mais estudadas em seus aspectos ecológicos, porém informações de questões morfofisiológicas do trato digestório não são encontradas na literatura. Visando contribuir com tais informações, o objetivo deste artigo foi caracterizar a morfologia do estômago dessa espécie. Nesta pesquisa, foram utilizados cinco exemplares adultos, coletados após óbito por atropelamento ou doados pelo IBAMA ao Laboratório de Zoologia e Morfologia Animal da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - Alta Floresta. Os animais foram fixados com solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10%, dissecados por meio de técnicas anatômicas. Além dos estudos anatômicos, também foram coletados tecidos para microscopia. As análises macroscópicas revelaram que o estômago era do tipo unicavitário, com presença de pequena e grande curvatura, localizado no antímero esquerdo e constituído pelas regiões características do órgão. Em seus aspectos microscópicos, mostrou-se formado pelas quatro túnicas usuais do tubo digestório: túnica mucosa, submucosa, muscular e serosa, cada uma com as particularidades características de cada região, principalmente na túnica mucosa. O estômago de L. pardalis revelou uma morfologia semelhante às espécies domésticas e selvagens, com particularidades histomorfológicas na região pilórica. Esse padrão pode estar relacionado a adaptações evolutivas no processo digestivo dessa espécie.(AU)

The species Leopardus pardalis is one of the species of neotropical felines more studied in its ecological aspects, however, information of morphophysiological questions of the digestive tract are not found in the literature. Aiming to contribute with such information, the objective of this work was to characterize the morphology of the stomach of this species. Five adult specimens, collected after death by trampling, or donated by IBAMA to the Laboratory of Zoology and Animal Morphology of the University of the State of Mato Grosso - Alta Floresta, were used in this research. The animals were fixed with aqueous solution of formaldehyde 10%, dissected through the basic techniques and instruments of anatomy, and later the material was collected for microscopy. The macroscopic analysis revealed that the stomach was of the unicavitary type, with small and great curvature, located in the left antimer and constituted by the characteristic regions of the organ. In its microscopic aspects it was formed by the four usual tunics of the digestive tube: tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscular and serosa, each one with the peculiarities characteristic of each region, mainly in the tunica mucosa. The stomach of L. pardalis revealed similar morphology to the domestic and wild species, with small histomorphological peculiarities in the pyloric region, which may be related to evolutionary adaptations in the digestive process of this species.(AU)

Correlation between different Helicobacter morphotypes and histological changes in pig gastric mucosa

Background: Two distinct morphologic types of bacteria which belong to the Helicobacter species, have been described in pigs: once or twice curved Helicobacter pylori-like bacteria (HLO) and the multicoiled, Gastrospirillum-like bacteria (GLO). The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of Helicobacter spp. using modified Giemsa stain and to define the relationship between presence of Helicobacter spp. and histopathological changes of gastric mucosa in pigs.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 120 pig stomachs (60 from intensive and 60 from extensive breeding) were enrolled in this study and 240 fragments of fundic and pyloric mucosa were taken for histopathological examination. By modified Giemsa staining of gastric mucosa, Helicobacter-like organisms were confirmed in 4/60 (6.67%) of pigs in intensive and 5/60 (8.33%) of pigs in extensive breeding. The incidence of tightly spiral shaped Gastrospirillum-like organisms in pigs of intensive and extensive breeding were 5/60 (8.33%) and 9/60 (15%), respectively. The severity of gastritis was scored to the Sydney System with some modifications. There was no significant difference between HLO-positive and HLO-negative fundic mucosa in pigs of both breeding systems. In contrary, there was significant difference between HLO-positive and HLO-negative pyloric mucosa of pigs in intensive (P < 0.001) and in extensive breeding (P < 0.05). In intensive breeding, there was significant difference between GLO-positive and GLO-negative fundic mucosa (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between GLO-positive and GLO-negative pyloric mucosa.Discussion: The prevalence of Helicobacter spp. bacteria were in coherence with literature data. The higher prevalence of both morfological type of bacteria, were considered in pigs in extensive breeding. the hygienic conditions and managment factors in pigs farm are the possible impact for higher bacterial transmission.[...]