Composition of the diet of Netta peposaca (Birds: Anseriformes) in Santa Fe province, Argentina

We examined the diet of the Rosy-billed Pochard, Netta peposaca (Vieillot, 1816), (n = 59) during the autumn of 2010 in Santa Fe province, Argentina. Were analyzed a total of 59 ducks (n = 37 females and n = 22 males) to assess their gastrointestinal contents. The trophic spectrum was composed of 16 taxa (plant fraction: animal fraction 9 and 7). The contribution of each food category estimated using the IRI was: Echynochloa sp. (Poaceae) = 4301, Polygonum sp. (Polygonaceae) = 956, and unidentified graminoid species = 53 (females: Echynochloa sp. = 4313, Polygonum sp. = 1095 and males: Echynochloa sp. = 5522, Polygonum sp. = 814). No significant differences were found between females and males in diet composition (Fisher's test, p < 0.05). Moreover, the diversity index (H') was significantly (Mann-Whitney, p < 0.05) different between sexes. The Rosy-billed Pochard showed a predominantly phytophagous feeding habit in autumn. Likewise, this is the first contribution on the sexual differences in the feeding biology of the Rosy-billed Pochard.

Composition of the diet of Netta peposaca (Birds: Anseriformes) in Santa Fe province, Argentina

We examined the diet of the Rosy-billed Pochard, Netta peposaca (Vieillot, 1816), (n = 59) during the autumn of 2010 in Santa Fe province, Argentina. Were analyzed a total of 59 ducks (n = 37 females and n = 22 males) to assess their gastrointestinal contents. The trophic spectrum was composed of 16 taxa (plant fraction: animal fraction 9 and 7). The contribution of each food category estimated using the IRI was: Echynochloa sp. (Poaceae) = 4301, Polygonum sp. (Polygonaceae) = 956, and unidentified graminoid species = 53 (females: Echynochloa sp. = 4313, Polygonum sp. = 1095 and males: Echynochloa sp. = 5522, Polygonum sp. = 814). No significant differences were found between females and males in diet composition (Fisher's test, p < 0.05). Moreover, the diversity index (H') was significantly (Mann-Whitney, p < 0.05) different between sexes. The Rosy-billed Pochard showed a predominantly phytophagous feeding habit in autumn. Likewise, this is the first contribution on the sexual differences in the feeding biology of the Rosy-billed Pochard.(AU)

Parasitos de animais silvestres no rio grande do sul: i-piolhos de alguns anseriformes / Parasites of wild animals in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil: i - lice of some anseriformes

RESUMO É reportado pela primeira vez no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e no Brasil, o parasitismo dos piolhos menoponídeos Dicteisia tristis em tachã (Chaunatorquata), Holomenopon brevithoracicum em cisne-de-pescoço-preto (Cygnus melancoryphus) e Holomenopon leucoxanthum em marrecão da Patagônia (Netta peposaca), hospedeiros pertencentes à ordem Anseriformes.

ABSTRACT The authors report for the first time in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, the parasitism of the menoponid lice Dicteisia tristis on the southern screamer (Chauna torquata), Holomenopon brevithoracicum on the black-necked swan (Cygnus melancoryphus) and Holomenopon leucoxanthum on the rosy-billed pochard (Netta peposaca), all hosts from the Order Anseriformes.

Caracterização de helmintos e artrópodos parasitos de Netta peposaca (Vieillot, 1816) (Marrecão-da-patagônia) (Aves:anatidae) no Rio Grande do Sul

Netta peposaca (marrecão) distribui-se nos ambientes aquáticos interiores de faixa de clima temperado e subtemperado do Cone Sul da América do Sul. No Brasil ocorrem em banhados e várzeas do Rio Grande do Sul e, esporadicamente, na zona costeira meridional de Santa Catarina, Paraná e São Paulo. Existem, descritas no mundo, mais de 140 espécies de anatídeos, dos quais, cerca de 24 ocorrendo no Brasil e, destas espécies, 21 somente no RS, caracterizando-o como sendo o maior Estado do Brasil em diversidade de espécies desta família. Com os objetivos fazer um levantamento quantitativo e qualitativo de helmintos e artrópodes de N. peposaca em vida livre e relatar as estimativas dos parâmetros Prevalência, Abundância e Intensidade Média destes parasitos no hospedeiro, foram analisados 30 anatídeos, dos quais 17 eram procedentes da Estância Boa Vista, situada na BR 471, Km 473, município de Rio Grande e os outros 13 de áreas situadas à margem da BR 116, Km 491, município de Turuçú-RS, que foram necropsiados e o conteúdo da cavidade abdominal, do sistema respiratório (narinas, traquéia e pulmões), do sistema digestório (cabeça (boca e faringe), esôfago e papo, pró-ventrículo, moela, intestino delgado (dividido em 3 partes iguais), intestino grosso (cecos, colon-reto) e cloaca), do sistema genito-urinário (rins, ureter, testículos e oviduto), o globo ocular, o fígado, o pâncreas, o baço e o coração, bem como suas penas, foram analisados. Cada órgão teve seus conteúdos processados em tamis de malha 150¿m, inspecionados microscopicamente e/ou através de lupa (40x) na busca de nematóides, trematódeos, cestóides e acantocéfalos que foram acondicionados em álcool 70ºGL; suas penas, lavadas em solução detergente e processadas em tamis de malha 150¿m, tendo o conteúdo retido acondicionado em frascos contendo Álcool 70o GL, para posterior processamento e identificação. Os resultados obtidos para os helmintos foram: Capillaria sp (P=36,67%; A=0,80; IM=2,18) na mucosa do esôfago/papo, Capillaria sp. (P=83,33%; A=5,50; IM=6,60) nos cecos, Epomidiostomum sp. (P= 86,67%; A=4,27; IM=4,92) na mucosa da moela, Strongyloides minimum (P=30%; A=0,90; IM=3,00) no intestino delgado (ID-3ª porção) e Tetrameres sp (P=73,33%; A=4,10; IM=5,59) no esôfago e proventrículo (Filo Nematoda); Apatemon gracilis (P=10%; A=0,63; IM=6,33) no ID (1ª porção), Dendritobilharzia pulverulenta (P=40%; A=0,67; IM=1,67) no conteúdo da carcaça e coração, Echinoparyphium recurvatum (P=30%; A=2,63; IM=8,78) no ID (1ª, 2ª e 3ª porção), Echinostoma revolutum (P=13,33%; A=0,33; IM=2,50) no ID (3ª porção), Eucotyle warreni (P=20%; A=0,33; IM=1,67) nos rins, Notocotylus sp (P=13,33%; A=0,63; IM=4,75) nos cecos, Typhlocoelum cucumerinum (P=30%; A=0,37; IM=1,22) na traquéia e Zygocotyle lunatum (P=80%; A=2,07; IM=2,58) nos cecos (Classe Trematoda); Cloacotaenia megalops (P=90%; A=4,70; IM=5,22) na cloaca (Classe Cestoda). Os resultados obtidos para os ectoparasitos foram: na Classe Insecta, Ordem Phthiraptera, Família Menoponidae ¿ Holomenopon leucoxanthum (P=96,67%; A=19,77; IM=20,45), Trinoton querquedulae (P=83,33%; A=3,93; IM=4,72); Família Philopteridae ¿ Acidoproctus fuligulae (P=96,67%; A=12,90; IM=13,34), Anatoecus icterodes (P=60%; A=2,40; IM=4,0), Anaticola chaetodens (P=16,67; A=0,23; IM=1,40) e na Classe Arachnida, Ordem Acari, Família Rhinonyssidae ¿ Rhinonyssus rhinolethrum (P=16,67; A=1,23; IM=7,40)

Netta peposaca (Rosybill or Rosy-billed Pochard) presents a distribution in the aquatic environmental in the interior range of tempered climate of the in the southern of South America. In Brazil occurs in marshes and fertile valley of the Rio Grande do Sul State and eventually at the meridional coastal zone of Santa Catarina, Paraná and São Paulo States. More than 140 species of anatids were described trough the world, 24 occurs in Brazil, and 21 only in the Rio Grande do Sul State, which characterize as a greatest Brazil State in diversity of this family species. 30 anatids from different areas, 17 from Estancia da Boa Vista (BR 471, Km 473) Rio Grande County and the other 13 from Turuçu County (BR 116, Km 491), were analyzed to realize a quantitative and qualitative investigation of helmints and arthropods which ones infested the wildlife N. peposaca and report the parameters estimative of Prevalence(P), Abundance(A) and Mean Intensity(MI) of this parasites in the host, the animals were necropsied the abdominal, respiratory (nasal cavity, trachea and lungs), gastrointestinal (mount, and pharynx, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine(divided in 3 equal parts), large intestine(cecums, colon rectum and cloaca) and genitourinary system (kidneys, ureters, testis and oviduct) contents and ocular globe, liver, pancreas, spleen, heart and feathers were analyzed. Each organ had their content were processed in tamises with 150 ¿m of mesh, inspected microscopically and/or through the magnifying glass (40x) to search for nematods, trematods, cestods and acantocephalos which ones were maintened in alcohol 70ºGL; the feathers were washed in detergent solution processed in tamises with 150 ¿m of mesh and maintained at bottles with alcohol 70ºGL, to posterior processing and identification. The obtained results were to helmints Capillaria sp. (P=36,67%; A=0,80; MI=2,18) at esophagus and crop mucosa Capillaria sp. (P=83,33%; A=5,50; MI=6,60) at the cecums, Epomidiostomum sp. (P= 86,67%; A=4,27; MI=4,92) at the gizzard mucosa, Strongyloides minimum (P=30%; A=0,90; MI=3,00) at the small intestine (SI-3ª portion) and Tetrameres sp. (P=73,33%; A=4,10; MI=5,59) at the oesophagous and proventriculus (Nematoda Phylum); Apatemon gracilis (P=10%; A=0,63; MI=6,33) at the SI (1ª portion), Dendritobilharzia pulverulenta (P=40%; A=0,67; MI=1,67) at the heart and carcass, Echinoparyphium recurvatum (P=30%; A=2,63; MI=8,78) at SI (1ª, 2ª e 3ª portion), Echinostoma revolutum (P=13,33%; A=0,33; MI=2,50) at SI (3ª portion), Eucotyle warreni (P=20%; A=0,33; MI=1,67) at kidneys, Notocotylus sp. (P=13,33%; A=0,63; MI=4,75) at cecums, Typhlocoelum cucumerinum (P=30%; A=0,37; MI=1,22) at the trachea and Zygocotyle lunatum (P=80%; A=2,07; MI=2,58) at the cecums (Trematoda Class); Cloacotaenia megalops (P=90%; A=4,70; MI=5,22) at cloaca (Cestoda Class). The obtained results for ectoparasites were Insecta Class, Phthiraptera Order, Menoponidae Family¿ Holomenopom leucoxanthum (P=96,67%; A=19,77; IM=20,45), Trinoton querquedulae (P=83,33%; A=3,93; MI=4,72); Philopteridae Family ¿ Acidoproctus fuligulae (P=96,67%; A=12,90; MI=13,34), Anatoecus icterodes (P=60%; A=2,40; MI=4,0), Anaticola chaetodens (P=16,67; A=0,23; MI=1,40) and in the Arachnida Class, Acari Order, Rhinonyssidae Family ¿ Rhinonyssus rhinolethrum (P=16,67; A=1,23; MI=7,40)