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Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is uncommon malignant neoplasia of round cells with marked predilection in Rottweiler and Bernese Mountain. The disseminated form, which mainly affects the spleen, lungs, lymph nodes, bone marrow, skin, and subcutis, presents a quick and aggressive clinical behavior. Hemangiosarcoma (HAS) is a malignant neoplasm of endothelial vessel cells commonly reported to affect the right atrium of dogs' hearts. A male Rottweiler, five years old, presented flaccid paraplegia and progressive muscular atrophy in the temporal, masseter, and limbs muscles; Due to the clinical stage of the animal, euthanasia was conducted. During the necroscopic examination, it was noticed that several masses presented different sizes; some were whitish, and others were reddish and spread in multiple organs (lungs, heart, spleen, stomach, kidneys, brain, medulla, skeletal muscle, and pre-scapular lymph node). Microscopically, in some organs such as the stomach, right ventricle, lungs, and medulla, it was noticed a proliferation of myeloid cells, highly cellular, with poor demarcation, no encapsulation, and with the infiltrative growth pattern of cells with high pleomorphism. Numerous tumoral emboli were observed in the spleen, brain, skeletal muscle, and lymph node. These cells were submitted for immunohistochemistry and were positive for CD18 (HS antibody). In the right atrium, liver, and kidney it was observed malignant and infiltrative endothelial proliferation (HSA) and emboli in the medulla. Therefore, we conclude that both neoplasms (HS and HSA) cause the animal's paraplegia due to their embolism and metastasis to the spinal cord and skeletal muscle.(AU)

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Background: Spinocerebellar degenerations and neuronal vacuolations are alterations characterized by the formation of vacuoles in the nervous tissue, commonly called status spongiosus. This condition occurs in young Rottweiler dogs causing a disease called Neuronal Vacuolation and Spinocerebellar Degeneration. Clinically, it presents with ataxia of the pelvic limbs, which evolves to generalized ataxia, tetraparesis, and laryngeal paralysis. Histologically, spongiform and vacuolar alterations of the neuropil and neurons are highlighted. This reports a case of neuronal vacuolation and spinocerebellar degeneration in a Rottweiler puppy. Case: Necropsy was performed on the cadaver of a 5-month-old Rottweiler bitch that had been presenting with ataxia for approximately 1 month, in addition to dyspnea, pulmonary crepitations, and microphthalmia. Macroscopic evaluation revealed pale ocular and oral mucosae; marked gastric dilatation and abdominal distension; pulmonary hemorrhage and edema; hepatosplenomegaly; fatty degeneration of the liver; and congestion of meningeal blood vessels. Microscopically, histological evaluation of the spinal cord showed an increase in gray matter cellularity with marked presence of oligodendrocytes and microglia cells; moderate to severe multifocal intracytoplasmic micro- and macrovacuoles with displacement of the neurons' nuclei to the periphery of the cell; central chromatolysis of the neurons adjacent to neurons affected by vacuolation; and mild multifocal necrosis associated with mild multifocal neuronophagia. The white matter exhibited discrete digestion chambers, in addition to marked diffuse congestion of the leptomeninges. In the cerebellum, neurons in the nerve nuclei (emboliform, globose, and fastigial) showed moderate multifocal vacuoles in the cytoplasm, whereas adjacent neurons showed central chromatolysis, necrosis, and mild neuronophagia. Additional histological findings included lymphoid hyperplasia, fatty degeneration of the liver, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary hemorrhage. Discussion: Spongiform and degenerative encephalopathies are diseases recognized worldwide, mainly in cattle and sheep. However, the identification of these changes in new species has led to the need for further investigations. In dogs, the first reports occurred in 1995 and 1997 in Rottweiler animals. This disease affects young dogs, and although its pathogenesis is not completely known, it is believed to be associated with a genetic mutation in the RAB3GAP1 gene. Clinically, it is associated with clinical neurological manifestations, including progressive ataxia of the pelvic limbs, changes in spinal reflex, disordered proprioceptive reactions, laryngeal paralysis, as well as behavioral and gait alterations. In the clinical evaluation, leukoencephalomyelopathy and neuroaxonal dystrophy should be diseases considered as possible differential diagnoses, as they present with similar alterations. However, in histological evaluation, the exclusion of both is basically due to the absence of neuronal vacuolization. Unfortunately, the definitive diagnosis is only made post mortem, through a histopathological evaluation of the nervous tissue. Because it is a disease whose pathogenesis is little known and which shows signs of having a genetic character, histopathological examination for diagnostic purposes in young animals with neurological signs is of great importance.

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Lymphomas, malignant neoplasms that originate in the lymphocytes, have a high incidence in domestic animals. This paper aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological findings of 200 cases of canine lymphoma evaluated over nine years (2011­2019) at the Oncology Service of the Veterinary Hospital at The Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. A majority of mixed-breed canines (84/200-42%) were observed, followed by the Labrador Retriever, Pitbull, and Rottweiler with similar incidence (15/200-7.5%). The average age was 7.7 years and the most affected canines were aged approximately 3 and 11 years old (146/200-73%). As for the anatomical classification, the cases classified as multicentric (131/200-65,5%) were the most common, followed by cases of the cutaneous form (44/200-22%), alimentary form (7/200 - 3.5%), mediastinal form (5/200-2.5%), and extranodal form (16/200-6,5%). Among extranodal cases were described cases of ocular involvement (5/200-2.5%), oral cavity involvement (4/200-2%), cardiac involvement (3/200-1.5%), and pulmonary involvement (1/200-0.5%). The clinical manifestation observed was related to the affected region in the different anatomical forms. More studies of this nature are needed to profile the disease presentation and contribute to clinical identification and diagnosis

Os linfomas são neoplasias malignas que se originam nos linfócitos, apresentando alta incidência em animais domés-ticos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever os achados clínicos e epidemiológicos de 200 casos de linfoma canino avalia-dos ao longo de nove anos (2011-2019) no Serviço de Oncologia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. A maioria dos cães foi classificada como sem raça definida (84/200-42%), seguida pelo Labrador Retriever, Pitbull e Rottweiler com incidência semelhante (15/200-7,5%). A idade média foi de 7,7 anos e os caninos mais acometidos tinham aproximadamente 3 e 11 anos (146/200-73%). Quanto à classificação anatômica, os casos classificados como multicêntricos (131/200-65,5%) foram os mais comuns, seguidos pelos casos da forma cutânea (44/200-22%), forma alimentar (7/200 - 3,5 %), forma mediastinal (5/200-2,5%) e forma extranodal (16/200-6,5%). Entre os casos extranodais foram descritos casos de envolvimento ocular (5/200-2,5%), envolvimento da cavidade oral (4/200-2%), envolvimento cardíaco (3/200-1,5%) e envolvimento pulmonar (1/200-0,5 %). A manifestação clínica observada foi relacionada à região acometida nas diferentes formas anatômicas. Mais estudos dessa natureza são necessários para traçar o perfil de apresentação da doença e contribuir para a identificação e diagnóstico clínico

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Clinical History: A 9-year-old intact male Rottweiler with clinically suspected prostatic mass had difficulty climbing stairs. The dog was also favoring the left hind limb. The owners mentioned that he had started to act quieter and exhibit declining appetite with weight loss over the course of 2 weeks, in addition to having hematuria. Numerous pulmonary nodules and an abdominal mass with displaced urinary bladder and colon were evident on radiographs. In addition, lytic bone, with cortical bone disruption, was identified in the mid-diaphyseal region of the left femur. Marked lymphadenomegaly of the left popliteal and inguinal nodes was identified on physical examination. A year prior to the onset of these clinical signs, the patient had undergone amputation of digit 5 of its left hind limb due to a severely ulcerated lesion, diagnosed histologically as a subungual malignant neoplasm. An oral tumor between teeth 206 and 207 was also removed; however, this mass was not evaluated histologically.(AU)

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The use of dogs in military work environments has always aroused great interest in the general population and determining the stress levels they go through is extremely important to maintain their welfare. The aim of this research was to evaluate if the work shifts in military working dogs leads to stress conditions and if this working influences on the reproductive performance and life quality. The study was conducted at the Military Police Kennel located at Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Eight male dogs of four different breeds (German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois Shepherd, Doberman, and Rottweiler) were evaluated during two different shifts: Working Shifts: animals working 12 hours a day with 2 hour-interval; and Control Shifts: animals that were on their day off (36 hours). Saliva samples were collected for cortisol analysis at the control and working shifts. The study was carried out over 60 days and analyzed behavior, physiology, and reproduction quality. Saliva samples, behavior observation of stereotyping, resting and moving activities and semen analysis were collected by digital stimulation (for combined second and third fractions). The salivary cortisol levels during the control and working shifts were between 0.361-0.438 and 0.312-0.592 µg/dL, respectively; the highest values were found at the end of working shifts. The animals were resting during most of the observation period, but few showed stereotypic behaviors. The testicular consistency was firm and semen parameters were within the normal values in German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois Shepherd, and Doberman dogs. However, Rottweiler dogs had a higher rate of sperm abnormalities, higher salivary cortisol levels, and more stereotypic behaviors. Nevertheless this work highlights the importance of further research relating reproduction and cortisol levels in military dogs.(AU)

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Background: Chemodectomas, better known as tumors of the base of the heart, arise from aortic bodies, respiratory chemoreceptors located near or inside the aortic arch or originate from receptors located in the carotid arteries. Relatively rare, they affect dogs and, to a lesser extent, cats. They gain great importance when they influence the function of the cardiovascular system, with animals showing clinical signs related to congestive heart failure. Clinical diagnosis is based on symptomatology and complementary tests such as radiography, electrocardiography and echocardiography, while the definitive diagnosis is obtained by cytological and histopathological exams. This study aims to reports a case of malignant chemodectoma in a bitch, whose main symptomatology was neurological and not cardiovascular. Case: A 1-year-old Rottweiler bitch was attended with neurological alterations compatible with vestibular syndrome, hyporexia, dysphagia, apathy, melena, emesis, and purulent nasal discharge on the right nostril. On physical examination, the animal showed depressed level of consciousness, poor body condition, bilateral quemosis, paralysis of the right eye, inspiratory dyspnea and muffling of cardiac auscultation, besides a subcutaneous nodule between the scapulae. On neurological evaluation, horizontal nystagmus, head tilt to the right side, ventromedial strabismus and facial nerve paralysis on the right side were observed so that the localization of the lesion was set in peripheral vestibular system. During anesthesia for esophageal tube placement, a mass from the hard palate to the oropharynx was noted, making endotracheal intubation impossible to perform. Biopsy of this nodule was performed, and tracheostomy was indicated, but the owner opted for euthanasia before the procedure. Necropsy revealed white soft masses in the bilateral retromandibular region, on the subcutaneous tissue near the scapulae, in the right ear and since nasopharynx to the soft palate, in addition to sparse white nodules in the heart, lung, carotid artery, kidneys, right ovary, mesentery near to the spleen, and axillary lymph node. Histologically, the nodules were characterized by neoplastic cells population organized in short bundles or cords, arranged around small blood vessels surrounded by delicate connective tissue. Neoplastic cells infiltrated muscles and blood and lymphatic vessels were filled by multiple neoplastic emboli. The histological pattern of the cells allowed the diagnosis of chemodectoma. Discussion: The bitch from this case had 1-year-old when diagnosed with chemodectoma, differently from most cases from literature, that are between 7 to 15 years old. Furthermore, primarily cardiac tumors are considered rare, being chemodectoma the most common, often reported in Boxer and Boston Terrier dogs, but unusual in Rottweilers. Despites some articles mentioning seizure and Horner's Syndrome secondary to a carotid body chemodectoma, neurological signs are not commonly observed in these cases. The presence of the tumor in the middle ear region of the right side supports the occurrence of peripheral vestibular syndrome and facial nerve paralysis on the same side. Because it is a neoplasm that is usually detected late during the course of the disorder, most patients either cannot obtain diagnosis in vivo, as in this reported animal, which was in such a critical condition that underwent euthanasia, or there are no more possible therapeutic choices. In the patient described, there were numerous metastatic masses and nodules spread throughout the body. Although the typical clinical signs in animals with chemodectomas are often related to heart disease, neurological signs may also be present. This report emphasizes the importance of chemodectoma being included as a differential diagnosis in young dogs and even in breeds such as Rottweiler.

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ABSTRACT: This study determined the canal flare index (CFI) of four dog breeds using two distinct femoral regions as a reference. Thirty-five radiographs of the hip joints of Golden Retrievers (GRG), German Shepherds (GSG), Labrador Retrievers (LRG), and Rottweilers (RG) of both sexes were used. Seventy experimental units were submitted to CFI calculation. Objective (CFIob) and subjective (CFIsub) values of the CFI of each experimental unit were determined according to the anatomical reference used for the calculation. A significant difference in the CFIob between the Golden Retriever and German Shepherd breeds (1.68 ± 0.16 and 1.49 ± 0.08), and in the CFIsub between Golden Retriever, German Shepherd, and Rottweiler breeds (2.09 ± 0.31, 1.86 ± 0.11, and 1.84 ± 0.18) was reported. The subjective form of measurement showed higher values than the objective form (GRG: 2.09 ± 0.31; GSG: 1.86 ± 0.11; LRG: 2.07 ± 0.12; RG: 1.84 ± 0.18). The CFI values of each breed were similar, suggesting a certain racial pattern. A significant difference in the interobserver assessment for both CFIsub and CFIob, in all races was observed. The CFI analysis identified morphological patterns of the proximal femur in the different races. Results indicated the need for standardization of the anatomical references used to calculate the CFI because there were statistical differences among the measurements among the observers.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se determinar o canal flare index (CFI) de quatro raças específicas de cães, utilizando-se duas regiões femorais distintas como referência. Foram analisadas 35 radiografias de articulações coxofemorais de cães das raças Golden Retriever (GGR), Pastor Alemão (GPA), Labrador Retriever (GLR) e Rottweiler (GR), de ambos os sexos, configurando 70 unidades experimentais submetidas ao cálculo do CFI. Determinaram-se os valores objetivo (CFIob) e subjetivo (CFIsub) do CFI de cada unidade experimental de acordo com a referência anatômica utilizada para o cálculo. Houve diferença significativa do CFIob entre as raças Golden Retriever e Pastor Alemão (1,68 ± 0,16 e 1,49 ± 0,08), e do CFIsub entre as raças Golden Retriever, Pastor Alemão e Rottweiler (2,09 ± 0,31, 1,86 ± 0,11 e 1,84 ± 0,18). A forma subjetiva de mensuração apresentou valores maiores que a forma objetiva (GGR: 2,09 ± 0,31; GPA: 1,86 ± 0,11; GLR: 2,07 ± 0,12; GR: 1,84 ± 0,18). Os valores de CFI de cada raça se apresentaram similares, sugerindo haver determinado padrão racial. Houve diferença significativa na avaliação interobservadores, tanto do CFIsub quanto CFIob, em todas as raças. A análise do CFI identificou padrões morfológicos do fêmur proximal nas diferentes raças. Os resultados indicaram a necessidade de padronização dos referenciais anatômicos utilizados para o cálculo do CFI, uma vez que houve relevância estatística entre as diferentes mensurações entre os observadores.

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Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is the most performed elective surgery in veterinary medicine. Although this procedure brings benefits both to the animal and public health, acquired urinary incontinence is a possible complication resultant from it. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence and evaluate size, breed, and time of surgery as risk factors in a population of spayed female dogs in the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, in the year of 2013, through the use of a multiple-choice screening instrument. Identified estimated prevalence was 11.27% and main risk factors were as follows: large size (OR = 7.12 IC95% = 1.42 - 35.67), Rottweiler breed (OR = 8.92; IC95% = 5.25 - 15.15), Pit-bull breed (OR = 4.14; IC95% = 2.19 - 7.83), and Labrador breed (OR = 2.73; IC95% = 1.53 - 4.87). Time of surgery was not considered a risk factor for urinary incontinence in this population (OR = 1.45; IC95% = 0.86 - 2.40). Even though most owners reported a small impact on their relationship with the animal, urinary incontinence hazard should be addressed before spaying.(AU)

A ovário-histerectomia (OHE) é a cirurgia eletiva mais realizada em medicina veterinária. Embora seja um procedimento que beneficie a saúde pública e do animal, a incontinência urinária adquirida é uma complicação possível resultante desse procedimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de incontinência urinária e avaliar porte, raça e momento da castração como fatores de risco em uma população de cadelas castradas no HCV/UFRGS, no ano de 2013, através do uso de um instrumento de triagem de múltipla escolha. A prevalência estimada foi de 11,27% e os principais fatores de risco foram: grande porte (OR = 7,12 IC95% = 1,42 - 35,67), raça Rottweiler (OR = 8,92; IC95% = 5,25 - 15,15), raça Pitbull (OR = 4,14; IC95% = 2,19 - 7,83) e raça Labrador (OR = 2,73; IC95% = 1,53 - 4,87). O tempo da cirurgia não foi considerado fator de risco para incontinência urinária nessa população (OR = 1,45; IC95% = 0,86 - 2,40). Embora a maioria dos proprietários tenha relatado um pequeno impacto no relacionamento com o animal, a possibilidade de incontinência urinária deve ser devidamente discutida antes da castração.(AU)

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Background: Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a parasitic disease of high lethality caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum in Brazil and is often related to splenomegaly. However, splenic nodules in dogs, although frequent, have not previously been reported as associated with CVL, but with neoplastic diseases. Considering that most dogs infected are oligosymptomatic or asymptomatic and that splenic nodules are common to other diseases, it is prudent to differentially diagnose CVL in view of its high zoonotic potential and lethality. The objective of the study was to describe a case of splenomegaly with splenic nodules associated with CVL in an asymptomatic dog treated with 2% miltefosina. Case: A 5-year-old male Rottweiler with 41 kg, with a history of inappetence, apathy and weight loss was referred to the Veterinary Medicine School Clinic of the Cesmac University Center, Maceió, AL, Brazil. However, during palpation a slight increase in the spleen was noted. Hematological, hemoparasite, biochemical and abdominal ultrasonographic examinations were requested to clarify the clinical suspicion of hemoparasitosis. The hematological and biochemical results respectively showed the following: normocytic normochromic anemia, hyperproteinemia and thrombocytopenia, in addition to hypoalbuminemia, with elevated total protein levels. The test for hemoparasites was negative. Ultrasonography showed mixed echogenicity suggestive of nodules. The rapid test for Ehrlichia, Anaplasma and L. infantum was performed. It was positive only for L. infantum. ELISA, IFAT and qPCR tests were performed to confirm the result. The test showed a cutoff result of 0.371 for ELISA, positive for RIFI at a cut-off of 1:40 and qPCR with less than 1 fg and with amplification above 36 cycles. In view of these results, treatment with 2% miltefosine at a dose of 1 mL/ 10 kg was started once a day, after feeding, for 28 days. The animal was monitored throughout treatment and re-evaluated every 10 days for 30 days, showing signs of clinical development, presenting satisfactory results. Discussion: Canine splenomegaly can be associated with a variety of disease possibilities. In asymptomatic canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanL), the slight increase in spleen and the presence of splenic nodules may lead to a false diagnosis. Splenic nodules may be associated with dogs of advanced age and may be due to lymphoid nodular hyperplasia, which causes nodules with echogenicity, hyperechoic regions with well demarcated irregularity, with centralized hypoechoic areas and an absence of hematological and biochemical alterations. The cause of splenomegaly associated with nodules may be difficult to diagnose and require much time and effort. Therefore, diseases such as visceral leishmaniasis of high lethality must be the priority in differential diagnosis in endemic areas in order to minimize the risk of transmission. In addition to allowing an early intervention aiming at good animal health results and preventive measures, such as the use of repellent collars that reduce the risk of phlebotomo infection. The differential diagnosis of CVL is necessary in endemic areas, even in asymptomatic dogs that may present splenic alterations suggestive of other diseases. Treatment with 2% miltefosine was shown to be, in this case, effective at reducing the splenic nodules and a good alternative for the quality of life of the animal.(AU)

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Background: Large skin defects are caused by tumor excision, making appropriate reconstruction and complete healingof the lesion a challenge for surgeons. There are some difficulties in reaching these goals, especially in cases of surgicalwound in the limbs, due to the scarce amount of skin and its reduced elasticity, which limit the possibility of flaps whencompared to the head, neck, and trunk. This study reports a case of wound closure on the lateral skin in the femoral regionof a dog’s pelvic limb via island skin graft associated with the implantation of a non-adherent cellulose acetate mesh andintensive postoperative care.Case: An 8-year-old Rottweiler female dog was attended at Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná’s Veterinary Clinic(CVE) in Curitiba, Paraná, presenting a tumor located laterocaudally to the right stifle joint. After preoperative examinations the patient underwent tumor surgery; however, two more surgical procedures were required due to suture dehiscence in the region, which resulted in increased wound size. At first, the wound was treated for granulation tissue to beformed. Subsequently, the island skin grafting technique was chosen to close the wound, associated with the implantationof a non-adherent cellulose acetate mesh imbibed with petrolatum emulsion to keep the grafted fragments in place. Themesh was fixed in a simple interrupted suture pattern using 2-0 nylon thread. The lateral regions of the chest and abdomen were chosen as donor skin beds due to their large dimensions, skin elasticity, and ease in defect reconstruction. Thefragments were obtained using a 10-mm biopsy punch and scalpel, and the defects were sutured in a simple interruptedpattern using 2-0 nylon thread. The patient remained hospitalized for movement restriction and postoperative monitoringfor 72 h, and the bandage remained untouched during this time interval. Thereafter, the patient...

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Background: Intravascular lymphoma (IL) is a rare disease characterized by presence of neoplastic lymphocytes in thelumen of blood vessels. Any tissue can be affected; however, the most frequently compromised areas of the body are theskin and the central nervous system (CNS). The clinical signs and macroscopic alterations caused by IL are nonspecific andare usually secondary to a continuous proliferative disorder, which leads to occlusion of the blood vessels with consequentthrombosis, hemorrhage and infarction. The objective of this work is to report a case of IL in a dog.Case: An 8-year-old male Rottweiler dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná witha history of cerebellar ataxia that had not improved after treatment. At the neurological examination, cerebellar ataxia anddeficit of nasal reflex were detected. A complete blood count showed presence of slight anemia (4.8 million red bloodcells/mm3; normal ranges= 5.5-8.5 million/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (176.000/mm3; normal ranges= 250.000-500.000/mm3). Biochemical tests revealed a small increase in alanine aminotransferase (42 IU/L; normal ranges= 14-38 IU/L) and aslight decrease in alkaline phosphatase (49 IU/L; normal ranges= 90-170 IU/L). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exhibited anincreased protein concentration (147.3 mg/dL; normal ranges= 18-44 mg/dL) and pleocytosis (8 cells/µL; normal ranges=up to 5 cells/µL). No alterations were observed at radiographic and ultrasonographic exams. A clinical treatment was prescribed; however, in view of the worsening of the clinical signs, euthanasia was performed, and the body was submittedto a Laboratory of Pathology. At necropsy, moderate multifocal ulcers were observed in the oral cavity and ventral side ofthe tongue; moderately infarcted areas were detected in the spleen. Additional alterations such as fatty liver degeneration...

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O presente trabalho relata o protocolo anestésico utilizado em dois cães submetidos à cirurgia de ressecção e reconstrução da parede torácica devido a neoplasmas, no Hospital Veterinário Roque Quagliato do Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, São Paulo. Uma cadela poodle de 10 anos e um cão rottweiler de um ano e três meses foram submetidos à anestesia geral com isofluorano, bloqueio intercostal de, respectivamente, seis e sete espaços intercostais com lidocaína 2% e bupivacaína 0,5% e infusão contínua de morfina (0,1 mg/kg/h), lidocaína (50 μg/kg/minuto) e midazolam (0,1 mg/kg/h). No período pós-operatório imediato, ambos receberam administração peridural de morfina 0,2 mg/kg e fentanila 2 μg/kg diluídos com NaCl 0,9% para 0,3 mL/kg. Um tubo de analgesia foi deixado durante as 48 horas subsequentes na ferida cirúrgica para administração de lidocaína e bupivacaína em total de uma dose tóxica por dia, fracionada para cinco aplicações. A prescrição analgésica pós-operatória constituiu-se de tramadol 4 mg/kg e dipirona 25 mg/kg a cada oito horas durante sete dias, juntamente com meloxicam 0,1 mg/kg a cada 24 horas durante três dias. Os animais recuperaram-se tranquilamente e não foram observados sinais de dor ao longo dos sete dias subsequentes. Recomenda-se o protocolo relatado para cirurgias de ressecção da parede torácica em cães.

It is reported the anesthetic protocol used for two dogs subjected to thoracic wall resection due to neoplasms at the Roque Quagliato Veterinary Hospital, University Center of Integrated Faculties of Ourinhos, São Paulo. A female Poodle aged 10 years and a male rottweiler aged 1.25 years were anesthetized with isoflurane, local anesthesia of respectively six and seven intercostal spaces using 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine, and continuous rate infusion of morphine (0.1 mg/kg/h), lidocaine (50 μg/kg/minute) and midazolam (0.1 mg/kg/h). Postoperatively, both animals received epidural morphine at 0.2 mg/kg and fentanyl at 2 μg/kg in 0.9% NaCl for a total volume of 0.3 mL/kg. A wound soaker catheter was left in place during the subsequent 48 hours for administration of lidocaine and bupivacaine at a total of one toxic dose for each day, divided into five applications. Postoperative prescription comprised tramadol at 4 mg/kg and metamizole at 25 mg/kg every eight hours for seven days, and meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg every 24 hours for three days. Both dogs recovered quietly from anesthesia and no signs of pain were detected during the next seven days. This anesthetic protocol is recommended for thoracic wall resection in dogs.

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Background: Histiocytic sarcoma can present in a localized or disseminated form, being a malignant neoplasm derived from interstitial dendritic cells. Another form of the disease is called hemophagocytic histiocystic sarcoma (HHS), which originates from macrophages located in the splenic red pulp and bone marrow. HHS is a rare neoplasm with unknown etiology and rapid development. It mainly affects middle-aged to elderly animals. It primarily affects the spleen and bone marrow, with occurence of metastases in other organs. Some canine breeds are considered more predisposed to this neoplasia, among them the Rottweiler. The aim of this study was to report a case of HHS in a Rottweiler dog. Case: An 8-year-old Rottweiler suffering from hyporexia and progressive weight loss for a month was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of State University of Maringá. On physical examination, he only presented mild discomfort on abdominal palpation. Blood count was performed, which revealed mild thrombocytopenia (145,000/µL, reference value for the species 150,000-500,000/µL). The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) exam was requested for babesiosis and ehrlichiosis, due to a history of ectoparasites. The animal was released with the prescription of Doxycycline at a dose of 10 mg/kg orally for 28 days. After 5 days, the condition worsened and the animal returned with emesis, apathy and hyporexia, being hospitalized. Abdominal ultrasound, blood count, urinalysis, serum urea and creatinine tests were requested. Among the hematological changes, thrombocytopenia (116,000/µL) and the appearing of regenerative anemia and atypical round cells with ample and slightly basophilic cytoplasm in the smear, similar to histiocytes, stood out. On ultrasound examination, splenomegaly was observed with hypoechogenic areas. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the spleen was performed, which...

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As hemorragias podem levar à morte, em caso de não interrupção e recuperação da volemia. A substituição do sangue pode ser realizada por transfusão homóloga ou autóloga. Na transfusão homóloga, o sangue é obtido de um doador, na autotransfusão ou transfusão autóloga, o sangue é coletado do próprio paciente. Objetivou-se relatar a autotransfusão em um cão como um método simples, rápido e barato, e discutir esse procedimento como uma alternativa emergencial para clínicas e hospitais que não possuem bancos de sangue ou animais doadores. Foi atendido um cão Rottweiler fêmea, 42,8kg, 10 anos de idade, com queixa principal de tumor mamário e para realização de castração. Após o procedimento, a paciente apresentou hemoperitônio, sendo encaminhada para novo procedimento cirúrgico, durante o qual se observou grande quantidade de sangue livre na cavidade abdominal. Foi realizada a autotransfusão de emergência, pela técnica das duas seringas, devido à indi1111sponibilidade de sangue ou animal doador no momento do procedimento cirúrgico emergencial, demonstrando ser uma opção eficiente, econômica, de fácil acesso e segura, por ser uma transfusão normotérmica, apresentar diminuição do risco de sobrecarga circulatória e por ser o sangue compatível, devendo ser mais explorada, pois existem poucos dados descritos na literatura.(AU)

Hemorrhages can lead to death in case of non-interruption and recovery of blood volume. Blood replacement may be performed by homologous or autologous transfusion. In homologous transfusion, blood is obtained from a donor, in autotransfusion or autologous transfusion, blood is collected from the patient himself. We aimed to report autotransfusion in a dog as a simple, quick, and inexpensive method, and discuss it as an emergency alternative for clinics and hospitals that do not have blood banks or animal donors. A female Rottweiler dog, 42.8kg, 10 years of age, was treated with a primary complaint of mammary tumor and for castration. After the procedure the patient presented hemoperitoneum, being referred to a new surgical procedure, where a large amount of free blood was observed in the abdominal cavity. The emergency autotransfusion was performed by the two syringes technique, due to the unavailability of blood or donor animal at the time of the emergency surgical procedure, proving to be an efficient, economical, easily accessible and safe option because it is a normothermic transfusion, risk of circulatory overload and blood is compatible. It should be more exploited because there are few data described in the literature.(AU)

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Background: Pharmacodermia is a drug reaction that manifests itself on the skin and mucous membranes. The main drugsthat cause pharmacodermia are β-lactam antibiotics. It has a rare occurrence in dogs and may present different clinical signs.Ozone therapy is used to treat various conditions, such as infections and inflammatory diseases. This therapy acts throughoxidative stress generating a positive inflammatory response to the body and stimulating the formation of granulation tissue andangiogenesis. Since pharmacodermia is rare in dogs and reports of ozonized sunflower oil and ozone for treat pharmacodermiais are rare in the literature, this paper aimed to report the use of ozonized sunflower oil in the treatment of pharmacodermiain a young female Rottweiler dog assisted and treated at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil.Case: A 2-year-old Rottweiler female, weighting 53.3 kg was attended at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns (Pernambuco- PE) with a history of dystocia. The dog was submitted to ovary-hysterectomy under general anesthesia. After anesthesiarecovery was prescribed omeprazol (1 mg/kg, orally (P.O) SID for 10 days), cephalexin (20 mg/kg, P.O. BID for 10 days),tramadol hydrochloride (4 mg/kg, P.O. BID for seven days), carprofen (4.4 mg/kg, P.O. SID for three days), and the use ofElizabethan collar. Furthermore, for topical treatment was described chlorhexidine digluconate (0.2%) and ointment of allantoin and zinc oxide, SID, for 10 days. Seven days after the surgical procedure, the owner’s dog reported by a telephone callthe appearance of wounds in the dorsal region of the dog. Ten days after surgery, the dog returned to the veterinary clinic forstitches removal and wounds evaluation. During the physical examination, observed the presence of two cutaneous wounds,one located in the cervicothoracic region and the other wound...

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Background: Multiple cartilaginous exostosis (MCE) is a rare neoplastic disease in dogs that is characterized by the presence of osteochondromas in multiple bones. MCE is a disorder of development during growth and maturation, the realetiology of which has yet to be elucidated, but is believed to have a genetic basis. Usually affected animals have a historyof a palpable mass on the bone surface, causing anatomical deformities and compression of adjacent structures. SinceMCE is a rare neoplastic disease in dogs it may be difficult to recognize in the clinic. The aim of this study was to reporta case of MCE in a pediatric dog.Case: A female 4-month-old Rottweiler dog with a history of bone neoformation on the left hind limb, anorexia, weightloss, and difficulty walking received clinical care. The disease had its initial onset 2 months prior. At physical examination, the animal showed paresis of the hind limbs and a bony tumor on the lateral part of the left tibia. A complete bloodcell count and serum biochemical profile were obtained. The only abnormality diagnosed was hyperproteinemia due tohyperglobulinemia. Other diagnostic tests were not authorized and the animal was euthanized. At the necropsy, an intrathoracic neoformation was observed from the sixth to the eighth rib on the right antimer. Some tumors were also observedon the fourth lumbar vertebra and between the first and the second sacral vertebra, and a left tibial tumor, which had beenobserved at physical examination. The sagittal section of the spine revealed the presence of extradural compression of thespinal cord due to vertebral proliferations with compression of the nerve roots. All of the proliferations had macroscopicsimilarities, being firm, sessile, irregular, and with complete adherence to deep planes. Tumor samples were submitted tohistopathological analysis and the tissue morphology was compatible with osteochondroma...

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Background: Urolithiasis is one of the important lower urinary tract diseases in dogs. Uroliths develop when urine becomes“supersaturated”. Struvite urolithiasis in dogs is formed when urine saturated with magnesium, ammonium and phosphate.Renal papillary necrosis is a form of nephropathy involving the necrosis of the renal papilla. The aim of this case is theevaluation of histopathological changes in kidney and urinary bladder caused by urolithiasis with sitruvite, a pathologycommonly seen in dogs. Renal papillary necrosis that encountered in the case was evaluated histopathologically. We intendto discuss the relationship between urolithiasis and renal papillary necrosis.Case: The material of the case was a 7.5 year-old Rottweiler female dog that had been operated for the urolithiasis treatment and died after surgery. The animal sent to pathology department was necropsied and evaluated histopathologically.Also the uroliths removed during the surgery were sent for analysis postoperatively. Qualitative composition of urolithswas determined by a series of chemical analyses in Department of Biochemistry. X-ray diffraction was performed as wellin General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration in the objective of result verification. Macroscopically, 30pieces uroliths with varying size from 1 mm to 3 cm were seen in urinary bladder. They were 110 g in weight with smoothsurface and round and/or ovoid shapes. After necropsy, specimens from kidney and urinary bladder were fixed in 10%neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin wax, cut at 5 μm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Bladderwall thickening and hemorrhage on mucosa were noticed. Kidneys had roughened surface with the capsule being difficultto peel off. Also, renal papillary necrosis, reddish in color was observed in papilla of the right kidney. Microscopically,crystal formations were observed proximal tubule lumens of kidneys. Interstitial nephritis...

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Descrevem-se os principais aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de casos de hepatite infecciosa canina diagnosticados no Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, durante o período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2016. Dos 1.640 cães necropsiados, 15 foram diagnosticados como hepatite infecciosa canina (0,91%). Dos cães acometidos nove eram machos e seis fêmeas. As idades variaram de 45 dias a sete anos, sendo a maioria filhotes. Dez animais não apresentavam raça definida, quatro eram Poodles e um Rottweiler. A maioria dos cães não recebeu nenhum tipo de protocolo vacinal. Os cães eram oriundos dos municípios de Patos, São Mamede e Teixeira, pertencentes ao estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. A maioria dos cães apresentou curso clínico variando de hiperagudo a agudo. Os principais sinais clínicos foram convulsão, apatia e hiporexia. Na necropsia, as principais alterações foram observadas no fígado que se apresentava de pálido a alaranjado e com áreas irregulares avermelhadas na superfície capsular, além de acentuação do padrão lobular e edema na parede da vesícula biliar. Hemorragias foram observadas em vários órgãos. Na histopatologia havia necrose centrolobular de hepatócitos associada a corpúsculos de inclusão viral intranucleares, hemorragia e infiltrado inflamatório misto. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido com base nas características lesões histopatológicas e foi confirmado por imuno-histoquímica. A hepatite infecciosa canina ocorre ocasionalmente na Paraíba, acometendo particularmente cães jovens e não vacinados.(AU)

We described the main epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of canine infectious hepatitis diagnosed in the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal University of Campina Grande during the period from January 2003 to December 2016. Of the 1,640 necropsied dogs, 15 were diagnosed as infectious canine hepatitis (0.91%). Of the dogs affected nine were males and six females. The ages ranged from 45 days to seven years, being most of them young. Ten animals were mixed breed, four were Poodles and one Rottweiler. Most of the dogs do not received any vaccine protocol. The dogs came from the municipalities of Patos, São Mamede and Teixeira, from Paraiba, northeastern of Brazil. Most of the dogs presented clinical course varying from hyperacute to acute. The main clinical signs were seizure, apathy and hyporexia. At necropsy, the major alterations were observed in the liver, which was pale to orange and with irregular reddish areas on the capsular surface, besides accentuation of the lobular pattern and edema in the wall of the gallbladder. Hemorrhages were observed in several organs. In the histopathology there was centrolobular necrosis of hepatocytes associated with intranuclear viral inclusion bodies, hemorrhages and mixed inflammatory infiltrate. The diagnosis was established based on the characteristic histopathological lesions and was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Infectious canine hepatitis occurs occasionally in the Paraiba, affecting particularly young and unvaccinated dogs.(AU)

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Devido à ausência de um banco de dados demográficos da população canina que habita a Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) e à necessidade em se estabelecer uma "população controle" para a melhor interpretação da prevalência das doenças diagnosticadas pelo Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV-UFSM) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), este estudo objetivou realizar uma análise das características relacionadas à raça, ao gênero e à idade dos cães necropsiados neste serviço de diagnóstico ao longo de 50 anos (1964-2013). Para isto, os laudos de necropsias de cães, realizadas entre 1964 e 2013, foram revisados, e deles foram retiradas informações referentes ao gênero, à idade e às raças de todos os cães oriundos dos municípios que compõem a Região Central do RS. Ao todo, 7.780 cães foram necropsiados; desses, 469 (6%) na primeira década (1964-1973), 1.133 (14,6%) na segunda década (1974-1983), 1.334 (17,1%) na terceira década (1984-1993), 1.705 (22%) na quarta década (1994-2003) e 3.139 (40,3%) na quinta década (2004-2013). Do total de cães com gênero informado nos laudos, 52,6% eram machos e 47,4% eram fêmeas. A mediana da idade de morte foi de três anos. Dos cães cuja raça foi informada nos laudos, 59,8% eram de raça definida (RD) e 40,2% não tinham raça definida (SRD). As raças de porte grande ou gigante mais frequentes foram: Pastor Alemão (17,2%), Boxer (6,9%), Rottweiler (5,3%), Fila Brasileiro (4,6%), Pointer Inglês (3,9%), Collie Pelo Longo (3,7%) Dobermann (3,7%) e Labrador Retriever (2,1%). As raças de porte pequeno ou médio mais frequentes foram: Poodle (8,9%), Dachshund (6,3%), Pinscher Miniatura (5,6%), Cocker Spaniel Inglês (4,5%), Pequinês (3,4%), Yorkshire Terrier (3,3%) e Terrier Brasileiro (2,8%). Houve um aumento na proporção de fêmeas e um crescimento na mediana referente à idade de morte ao longo das cinco décadas avaliadas. Apesar de não ter havido um aumento relevante na proporção de cães de RD em comparação com os SRD, observaram-se algumas mudanças na ocorrência de diferentes raças ao longo do tempo, incluindo principalmente uma dramática diminuição na percentagem de Pequinês, Terrier Brasileiro, Pointer Inglês e Pastor Alemão, e um aumento marcado na percentagem de Poodle, Dachshund, Rottweiler e Labrador Retriever. Os resultados aqui apresentados servirão como um subsídio comparativo para futuros estudos retrospectivos sobre prevalência de doenças em cães da Região Central do RS, auxiliando para uma mais correta compreensão e interpretação dos resultados encontrados nesses levantamentos de dados.(AU)

Based on the lack of demographic database on the canine population living in the midland region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and on the need for a "control population" in the accomplishment of several prevalence-based studies of different diseases diagnosed at the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), the objective of this study was to describe the breed, gender and age characteristics of the population of dogs necropsied in this diagnostic service over 50 years (1964-2013). The protocols of necropsies performed on dogs and recorded in the LPV-UFSM between 1964 and 2013 were reviewed, and information related to gender, age and breed from dogs from all the districts within the Central Region of RS were separated. A total of 7,780 dogs were necropsied, among which 469 (6%) were registered in the first decade (1964-1973), 1,133 (14.6%) in the second decade (1974-1983), 1,334 (17.1%) in the third decade (1984-1993), 1,705 (22%) in the fourth decade (1994-2003) and 3,139 (40.3%) in the fifth decade (2004-2013). Of dogs whose gender was reported in the protocols, 52.6% were males and 47.4% were females. The median age of death was 3 years. Of dogs whose breed was reported in the protocols, 59.8% were purebred and 40.2% were mixed breed. The most common large and giant breed dogs were German Shepherd Dog (17.2%), Boxer (6.9%), Rottweiler (5.3%), Fila Brasileiro (4.6%), English Pointer (3.9%), Collie Rough (3.7%), Dobermann (3.7%), and Labrador Retriever (2.1%). The most common small and medium breed dogs were Poodle (8.9%), Dachshund (6.3%), Miniature Pinscher (5.6%), English Cocker Spaniel (4.5%), Pekingese (3.4%), Yorkshire Terrier (3.3%), and Brazilian Terrier (2.8%). The percentage of females and the median age of death showed an increase during the five decades of this study. Although there has been a significant increase in the proportion of pure breed dogs compared to mongrels, we observed some changes in the occurrence of different breeds over time, including a significant decrease in the frequency of the Pekingese, Brazilian Terrier, English Pointer, and German Shepherd Dog, and significant increase in the frequency of the Poodle, Dachshund, and Labrador Retriever. The results presented here will serve as an allowance for future comparative studies of disease prevalence in dogs of Central Region of RS, helping to a more correct understanding and interpretation of results from these data surveys.(AU)

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The purpose of this study was to describe our initial experience with double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) in young dogs affected by hip dysplasia (HD) and to report their postoperative outcome. Seven dogs (four females and three males) were included in our study with mean age 8.3 (±1.7) months, and mean body weight 29.5 (±7.4)Kg. Breeds involved were: Rottweiler (n = 1), Labrador Retriever (n = 3), Golden Retriever (n = 1), Great Dane (n=1) and São Miguel Cattle Dog (n = 1). The most common history complaints were: pelvic limb lameness and pain at hip extension and hip abduction. All surgical procedures consisted of osteotomy of the ilium and pubis, acetabular ventroversion and iliac stabilization with a customized bone plate with seven screws, four screws placed at the cranial fragment and the remaining three in the caudal aspect. Average surgical time was 65.8 (±10.4) minutes and median follow-up assessment was 68 (±15) days. Fracture healing was observed within mean period of 26.3 (±8.9) days. Six patients (86%) had satisfactory outcome and one patient didn’t improve after surgery and had to undergo a total hip replacement. Our results showed that DPO is an effective treatment for HD due to the preservation of pelvic geometry and low postoperative morbidity. Since it is a recent technique, further studies are recommended.

O objetivo do estudo é a descrição da osteotomia dupla da pelve (ODP) em pacientes com displasia coxofemoral (DCF) e relatar a evolução pós-operatória. As raças acometidas foram: Rottweiler (n=1), Labrador (n=3), Golden Retriver (n=1), Dogue alemão (n=1) e Fila de São Miguel (n=1). O total foi de sete animais, sendo três machos e quatro fêmeas; a média de idade e peso dos cães foi de 8,3±1,7 meses e 29,5±7,4Kg, respectivamente. As queixas iniciais mais comuns antes da cirurgia foram: claudicação em membro pélvico e dor à extensão e abdução do quadril. A cirurgia constou em realizar a osteotomia do ílio e púbis, rotacão axial do acetábulo sobre a cabeça do fêmur e osteossíntese do ílio com a utilização de placa fixada com sete parafusos, quatro destes no segmento cranial e três no segmento caudal. Após a cirurgia um animal não apresentou melhora do quadro, caracterizado por agravamento da subluxação coxofemoral, sendo submetido à prótese total de quadril. O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 65,8±10,4 minutos e o período de acompanhamento médio pós operatório foi de 68,0±15,0dias, visibilizando a reação osteoproliferativa no foco de osteotomia ilíaca em um período médio de 26,3±8,9 dias. Dos sete animais envolvidos no estudo, seis tiveram recuperação satisfatória após o primeiro procedimento no período avaliado. Os resultados apontam a técnica de OPD como procedimento eficiente no tratamento de DCF devido à preservação da geometria pélvica e baixa morbidade pós-operatória. Por se tratar de uma recente técnica, ainda pouco difundida, é interessante a realização de maiores estudos.