Resumo
The occurrence of Salmonella in a samples of 40 imported day-old duckling flocks was assessed from 1998 to 2003 according to the guidelines of the Brazilian National Poultry Health Program (Programa Nacional de Sanidade Avícola-PNSA). The pathogen was recovered from 26 flocks (65.0%). The most common serovars were S. Saintpaul and S. Kottbus. Up to four serovars were isolated from a single flock. Transportation box swabs (82.6%) and yolk sac pool (47.1%) showed the highest and the lowest frequency of Salmonella isolation, respectively. The high percentage of Salmonella isolation from imported day-old ducklings causes concern because of the zoonotic potential of this agent and its economical importance to commercial poultry breeding.
Resumo
The occurrence of Salmonella in a samples of 40 imported day-old duckling flocks was assessed from 1998 to 2003 according to the guidelines of the Brazilian National Poultry Health Program (Programa Nacional de Sanidade Avícola-PNSA). The pathogen was recovered from 26 flocks (65.0%). The most common serovars were S. Saintpaul and S. Kottbus. Up to four serovars were isolated from a single flock. Transportation box swabs (82.6%) and yolk sac pool (47.1%) showed the highest and the lowest frequency of Salmonella isolation, respectively. The high percentage of Salmonella isolation from imported day-old ducklings causes concern because of the zoonotic potential of this agent and its economical importance to commercial poultry breeding.
Resumo
The strain used in this work was a Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar Kottbus (6,8:e,h:1,5) isolated from imported day-old ducklings in Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário (LANAGRO/SP) of the Ministry of Agriculture of Brazil (MAPA). In view of the lack of information available about this Salmonella isolate and also because it was detected in day-old imported birds, this study was carried out to investigate the dissemination of S. Kottbus among newly hatched chicks. The birds were placed in three groups: one group of 20 birds received 0.1 mL of S. Kottbus culture containing 1.2 x 10(8) CFU/mL, the second group of 20 birds was inoculated with 1.2 x 10(5) CFU/mL and the third group of 10 birds was untreated (control group). Results were similar for both infected groups. The bacterium was recovered from cloacal swabs collected from the first day following the experimental infection until the end of the trial (42 days post-inoculation). At 15 and 42 days post-inoculation (dpi), half of the birds of each group were killed for bacteriological examination of cecal contents, liver and spleen. At 15 dpi, viable cell counts of S. Kottbus were obtained in all kinds of samples. At 42 dpi, Salmonella was present in the liver and spleen of few birds, but in large amounts in the cecal contents of almost all birds.
Resumo
The strain used in this work was a Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar Kottbus (6,8:e,h:1,5) isolated from imported day-old ducklings in Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário (LANAGRO/SP) of the Ministry of Agriculture of Brazil (MAPA). In view of the lack of information available about this Salmonella isolate and also because it was detected in day-old imported birds, this study was carried out to investigate the dissemination of S. Kottbus among newly hatched chicks. The birds were placed in three groups: one group of 20 birds received 0.1 mL of S. Kottbus culture containing 1.2 x 10(8) CFU/mL, the second group of 20 birds was inoculated with 1.2 x 10(5) CFU/mL and the third group of 10 birds was untreated (control group). Results were similar for both infected groups. The bacterium was recovered from cloacal swabs collected from the first day following the experimental infection until the end of the trial (42 days post-inoculation). At 15 and 42 days post-inoculation (dpi), half of the birds of each group were killed for bacteriological examination of cecal contents, liver and spleen. At 15 dpi, viable cell counts of S. Kottbus were obtained in all kinds of samples. At 42 dpi, Salmonella was present in the liver and spleen of few birds, but in large amounts in the cecal contents of almost all birds.
Resumo
A amostra utilizada neste trabalho foi Salmonella enterica subsp enterica sorovar Kottbus (6,8:e,h:1,5) isolada de patos importados de um dia de idade no Laboratório Regional de Apoio Animal (LARA) do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) do Brasil. Devido à falta de informação disponível sobre esta Salmonella e tendo sido isolada de aves de um dia de idade, foi delineado este estudo para avaliar a infecção de aves comerciais de um dia de idade por esta bactéria. S. Kottbus foi inoculada oralmente em pintos de corte de um dia de idade, os quais foram divididos em três grupos: 20 aves receberam 0,1mL da cultura não diluída de S. Kottbus contendo 108 fcu/mL, 20 aves de outro grupo receberam a mesma quantia da cultura diluída a 10-3 e 10 aves foram utilizadas como controle. Os resultados foram similares nos dois grupos infectados: suabes cloacais demonstraram que a bactéria estava presente nas fezes 24 hs após a infecção e persistiu até o fim do experimento (42 dias pós-infecção - dpi). Aos 15 e 42 dpi, realizou-se a necrópsia de aves para exame bacteriológico e analisou-se o conteúdo cecal, fígado e baço. Aos 15dpi havia a presença de células viáveis de S. Kottbus em todos os órgãos. No entanto, aos 42 dpi a Salmonella estava presente em algumas aves e com pequeno número de células viáveis no fígado e baço, enquanto que no conteúdo cecal permanecia grande número de células em quase todas as aves analisadas. Estudo adicional foi conduzido com ovos embrionados Specific Pathogen Free - SPF, os quais foram divididos em três grupos: 10 ovos infectados através da casca com o auxílio de um suabe estéril embebido em cultura de S. Kottbus diluída a 10-3, 10 inoculados diretamente no interior do ovo e 10 ovos controle. O grupo que teve a casca contaminada não produziu embriões infectados...
The strain used in this work was a Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar Kottbus (6,8:e,h:1,5) isolated from imported day-old duckling by the Laboratório Regional de Apoio Animal do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento of Brazil. In view of the lack of information available about this Salmonella and also because it was detected in day-old imported birds, this study was carried out to assess day-old commercial birds to assessed the chicks infection potential by it. S. Kottbus was inoculated in day-old commercial broiler chick orally. The birds were placed in three groups: One group of of 20 birds received 0.1 mL of the neat culture of S. Kottbus, containing approximately 108-9 fcu/mL, the second group of 20 birds received the culture diluted at 10-3 and the third group of 10 birds received nothing (control). The results were similar to both infected groups of birds. Cloacal swabs done showed the bacterium was presented in the feces from the next day after the experimental infection till the end of the trial (42 day post-inoculation). At 15 and 42 days post-inoculation (dpi), some birds were killed for bacteriological examination of the caecal contents, liver and spleen. At 15 dpi viable count of S. Kottbus was obtained in all of them, however, at 42 dpi Salmonella was presented in the feces of few birds but uncountable in the liver and spleen while it still remained in large amount in the caecal contents of almost all examined birds. An additional study was done with specific-pathogen-free embryonating chicken eggs, which were infected either by cotton swab soaked in S. Kottbus broth culture and spread on the shell (10 eggs) or by inoculation of the broth culture in the chorioallantoic sac (10 eggs) and control (10 eggs received nothing). The contamination on the shell did not yield infected embryos. Only one bird was born from the eggs inoculated internally...