Enzootic bovine leukosis in a cow

Clinical History: A 5-year-old, Holstein-Friesian dairy cow was evaluated by a veterinary practitioner for a 30-day history of unilateral exophthalmos (Fig. 1). After 15 days, the cow presented lameness followed by progressive weight loss and pelvic limbs paresis, culminating in persistent sternal recumbency (Fig. 2). The superficial inguinal lymph nodes were enlarged. Due to the poor prognosis, the cow was euthanized and submitted to a postmortem examination. Gross Findings: The cow was in poor body condition with mild amounts of subcutaneous and visceral fat stores. The oral and conjunctival mucous membranes were pale. There was severe exophthalmos in the right eye, caused by a soft, homogenous, white to yellow mass (6 cm in diameter) (Fig. 3) in the retrobulbar space. Similar irregular masses were seen in the left renal pelvis, partially effacing the renal parenchyma, and in the epidural space, circumferentially surrounding the pachymeninges (extradural location) (Fig. 4) of the lumbar segment of the spinal cord. The superficial inguinal lymph nodes (supramammary) were markedly enlarged and, on the cut surface, had homogenous white to yellow discoloration and loss of the corticomedullary junction. Multifocal areas of the abomasum wall were moderately thickened and expanded by a soft, homogenous, white to yellow masses. No significant alterations were observed in other organs. Follow-up questions: Morphologic diagnosis? Etiological agent? Name of the condition? Probable pathogenesis pathways?

Lumpy skin disease in a cow

The animal is in good nutritional condition. Several ticks are present on the ventrum and withers. Multifocally and widespread, affecting all areas of skin in a random distribution, there are variably sized (1-4 cm in diameter) cutaneous and/or subcutaneous nodules, sometimes with a targetoid appearance. A few nodules are ulcerated, and others havea central dense crust. On cut section, many nodules are well demarcated, with a light pink center delineated by a dark red haemorrhagic/hyperaemic line (acute infarcts). Similar nodules and ulcers are also present over the teats. Skinning reveals extensive subcutaneous thickening with yellowish gelatinous material (oedema) as well as multifocal areas of dark red discoloration (haemorrhages). Multiple superficial lymph nodes are enlarged and haemorrhagic, with the right pre-scapular lymph node most severely affected, measuring 16x7x8 cm.(AU)

Tumor Venéreo Transmissível (TVT) nasal com metástase óssea em um cão / Nasal transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) with bone metastasis in a dog

Background: Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a highly contagious round cell neoplasm that affects dogs, and itis usually transmitted through coitus. The tumor is mainly located in the genital area; however, the neoplasm can also beextragenital, affecting the nose, mouth, and eyes, as well as the skin and superficial lymph nodes. Cytological examinationis the most commonly used method for definitive diagnosis due to its low cost and fast execution. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgical resection, and other procedures such as cryosurgery are the possible treatment options. The objective ofthis report was to describe a case of extragenital TVT with nasal primary site and metastasis in the bone tissue in a dogtreated at a private veterinary hospital in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil.Case: A 6-year-old male domiciliary Labrador Retriever dog, weighing 24.2 kg, received oncologic treatment in a privateveterinary hospital in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil. The animal had a history of neoplastic disease, and he had undergoneTVT resection associated with chemotherapy treatment more than 3 years ago. The clinical examination revealed a volumeincrease in the periorbital region, left lateral ocular displacement, left nostril excessive epistaxis, recurrent sneezing, cough,and pain signs, and tumor metastasis was suspected. Complementary exams of oncological cytology, computed tomography(CT), hemogram, and serum biochemistry were requested for diagnosis and staging of the condition, and supportive therapywas prescribed. The cytological report showed a dense population of neoplastic round cells with characteristics of TVT. CTindicated the presence of a heterogeneous hypodense mass with irregular contours and partially defined limits, with slightuptake of the intravenously injected contrast medium that obliterated the nasal cavity, maxillary recess, nasopharyngealmeatus, frontal sinus, and sphenoid sinus on the left side...

Tumor Venéreo Transmissível (TVT) nasal com metástase óssea em um cão / Nasal transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) with bone metastasis in a dog

Background: Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a highly contagious round cell neoplasm that affects dogs, and itis usually transmitted through coitus. The tumor is mainly located in the genital area; however, the neoplasm can also beextragenital, affecting the nose, mouth, and eyes, as well as the skin and superficial lymph nodes. Cytological examinationis the most commonly used method for definitive diagnosis due to its low cost and fast execution. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgical resection, and other procedures such as cryosurgery are the possible treatment options. The objective ofthis report was to describe a case of extragenital TVT with nasal primary site and metastasis in the bone tissue in a dogtreated at a private veterinary hospital in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil.Case: A 6-year-old male domiciliary Labrador Retriever dog, weighing 24.2 kg, received oncologic treatment in a privateveterinary hospital in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil. The animal had a history of neoplastic disease, and he had undergoneTVT resection associated with chemotherapy treatment more than 3 years ago. The clinical examination revealed a volumeincrease in the periorbital region, left lateral ocular displacement, left nostril excessive epistaxis, recurrent sneezing, cough,and pain signs, and tumor metastasis was suspected. Complementary exams of oncological cytology, computed tomography(CT), hemogram, and serum biochemistry were requested for diagnosis and staging of the condition, and supportive therapywas prescribed. The cytological report showed a dense population of neoplastic round cells with characteristics of TVT. CTindicated the presence of a heterogeneous hypodense mass with irregular contours and partially defined limits, with slightuptake of the intravenously injected contrast medium that obliterated the nasal cavity, maxillary recess, nasopharyngealmeatus, frontal sinus, and sphenoid sinus on the left side...(AU)

Assessment of caseous lymphadenitis in goats in a slaughterhouse in the Brazilian semi-arid region and estimates of economic losses due to carcass condemnation / Avaliação da linfadenite caseosa em caprinos em um abatedouro na região do semiárido brasileiro e estimativas de perdas econômicas por condenação de carcaças

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) caused by the pathogenic bacterium, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, results in economic loss in goat farming. Its prevalence in Brazilian herds varies from 5 to 50%, generating expenses with treatment, loss in production, carcass and organ condemnation, and reduced price of the hide. This study aimed to describe the distribution of lesions and quantify the loss associated with CLA in goat breeding due to condemnation in a slaughterhouse located in a semiarid region. The study was conducted at the municipal slaughterhouse of the city of Patos, State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil, where goats from this intermediate geographical region are slaughtered. In 2017, 3,662 animals were slaughtered, an average of 305 per month. During the study period, from March to August 2017, 304 goats of both sexes and different ages of undefined breed were assessed. In the ante-mortem examination, inspection and palpation of the superficial lymph nodes was done; in the post-mortem examination, organ and viscera were assessed. The caseous material collected was sent for microbiological analysis. Of the 304 individuals, 227 [74.67% (95% CI: 69.50-79.23)] did not have any lesions, while 77 [25.33% (95% CI: 20.77-30.50)] showed abscesses suggestive of CLA, which was confirmed in 65 goats [84.41% (95% CI: 76.30-92.50)]. Sex (P = 0.044) and age (P = 0.002) were associated with infection. While the sex of the animals affected carcass and viscera weights and carcass yield, their age affected live weight, carcass, organ, and viscera weights; conversely, the incidence of CLA did not affect these variables. The average price in Real (R$) of a kilogram (kg) of goat meat cuts and “offal” was used to calculate the economic loss. Considering the average carcass weight (11,485 kg), organ weight (1,085 kg), and viscera weight (2,013 kg), 4,433.232 kg of meat was produced, resulting in R$ 72,945.43. The condemnations resulted in the loss of 269.894 kg, which is equivalent to R$ 4,540.33. CLA is responsible for a negative impact of 6.09% on production. Implementing control measures for this disease is important to increase the financial return in goat farming.

Linfadenite Caseosa (LC) causada pela bactéria patogênica Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis resulta em perda econômica na caprinocultura. No rebanho brasileiro sua prevalência varia de 5 a 50%, gerando gastos com tratamento, queda de produção, condenação de carcaça e órgãos, e desvalorização da pele. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a perda associada à LC na caprinocultura de corte por condenação em abatedouro do semiárido, bem como caracterizar a distribuição das lesões. O trabalho foi realizado no Abatedouro Municipal da cidade de Patos, Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil, onde ocorre abate de caprinos provenientes desta região geográfica intermediária. No ano de 2017 foram abatidos 3.662 animais, uma média de 305 por mês. Durante o período de estudo, março a agosto do mesmo ano, avaliou-se 304 caprinos sem padrão racial definido, ambos os sexos e idades diversas. No exame ante mortem foram submetidos à inspeção e palpação de linfonodos superficiais; post mortem, órgãos e vísceras. O material caseoso coletado foi submetido à análise microbiológica para diagnóstico. Dos 304 indivíduos, 227 [74,67% (IC 95%: 69,50-79,23)] não apresentaram qualquer lesão, enquanto 77 [25,33% (IC 95%: 20,77-30,50)] evidenciaram abscessos sugestivos de LC, com confirmação em 65 [84,41% (IC 95%: 76,30-92,50)]. Constatou-se associação de sexo (P = 0,044) e idade (P = 0,002) à infecção. Foi verificado efeito do sexo dos animais nas variáveis peso de carcaça, peso de vísceras e rendimento de carcaça, bem como houve efeito da idade nas variáveis peso vivo, peso de carcaça, peso de órgãos e peso de vísceras; no entanto, não houve efeito da ocorrência de LC nessas variáveis. Para cálculo de perda econômica adotou-se o preço médio em Real (R$) do quilograma (kg) dos cortes de carne caprina, e “miúdos”. Considerando o peso médio de carcaça (11,485 kg), órgãos (1,085 kg) e vísceras (2,013 kg), houve produção de 4.433,232 kg, resultando em R$ 72.945,43. As condenações subtraíram 269,894 kg, equivalente a R$ 4.540,33. Atribui-se à LC um impacto negativo de 6,09% na produção. Implementar medidas de controle para essa doença é importante para que se amplie o retorno financeiro à atividade.

Assessment of caseous lymphadenitis in goats in a slaughterhouse in the Brazilian semi-arid region and estimates of economic losses due to carcass condemnation / Avaliação da linfadenite caseosa em caprinos em um abatedouro na região do semiárido brasileiro e estimativas de perdas econômicas por condenação de carcaças

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) caused by the pathogenic bacterium, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, results in economic loss in goat farming. Its prevalence in Brazilian herds varies from 5 to 50%, generating expenses with treatment, loss in production, carcass and organ condemnation, and reduced price of the hide. This study aimed to describe the distribution of lesions and quantify the loss associated with CLA in goat breeding due to condemnation in a slaughterhouse located in a semiarid region. The study was conducted at the municipal slaughterhouse of the city of Patos, State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil, where goats from this intermediate geographical region are slaughtered. In 2017, 3,662 animals were slaughtered, an average of 305 per month. During the study period, from March to August 2017, 304 goats of both sexes and different ages of undefined breed were assessed. In the ante-mortem examination, inspection and palpation of the superficial lymph nodes was done; in the post-mortem examination, organ and viscera were assessed. The caseous material collected was sent for microbiological analysis. Of the 304 individuals, 227 [74.67% (95% CI: 69.50-79.23)] did not have any lesions, while 77 [25.33% (95% CI: 20.77-30.50)] showed abscesses suggestive of CLA, which was confirmed in 65 goats [84.41% (95% CI: 76.30-92.50)]. Sex (P = 0.044) and age (P = 0.002) were associated with infection. While the sex of the animals affected carcass and viscera weights and carcass yield, their age affected live weight, carcass, organ, and viscera weights; conversely, the incidence of CLA did not affect these variables. The average price in Real (R$) of a kilogram (kg) of goat meat cuts and “offal” was used to calculate the economic loss. Considering the average carcass weight (11,485 kg), organ weight (1,085 kg), and viscera weight (2,013 kg), 4,433.232 kg of meat was produced, resulting in R$ 72,945.43. The condemnations resulted in the loss of 269.894 kg, which is equivalent to R$ 4,540.33. CLA is responsible for a negative impact of 6.09% on production. Implementing control measures for this disease is important to increase the financial return in goat farming.(AU)

Linfadenite Caseosa (LC) causada pela bactéria patogênica Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis resulta em perda econômica na caprinocultura. No rebanho brasileiro sua prevalência varia de 5 a 50%, gerando gastos com tratamento, queda de produção, condenação de carcaça e órgãos, e desvalorização da pele. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a perda associada à LC na caprinocultura de corte por condenação em abatedouro do semiárido, bem como caracterizar a distribuição das lesões. O trabalho foi realizado no Abatedouro Municipal da cidade de Patos, Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil, onde ocorre abate de caprinos provenientes desta região geográfica intermediária. No ano de 2017 foram abatidos 3.662 animais, uma média de 305 por mês. Durante o período de estudo, março a agosto do mesmo ano, avaliou-se 304 caprinos sem padrão racial definido, ambos os sexos e idades diversas. No exame ante mortem foram submetidos à inspeção e palpação de linfonodos superficiais; post mortem, órgãos e vísceras. O material caseoso coletado foi submetido à análise microbiológica para diagnóstico. Dos 304 indivíduos, 227 [74,67% (IC 95%: 69,50-79,23)] não apresentaram qualquer lesão, enquanto 77 [25,33% (IC 95%: 20,77-30,50)] evidenciaram abscessos sugestivos de LC, com confirmação em 65 [84,41% (IC 95%: 76,30-92,50)]. Constatou-se associação de sexo (P = 0,044) e idade (P = 0,002) à infecção. Foi verificado efeito do sexo dos animais nas variáveis peso de carcaça, peso de vísceras e rendimento de carcaça, bem como houve efeito da idade nas variáveis peso vivo, peso de carcaça, peso de órgãos e peso de vísceras; no entanto, não houve efeito da ocorrência de LC nessas variáveis. Para cálculo de perda econômica adotou-se o preço médio em Real (R$) do quilograma (kg) dos cortes de carne caprina, e “miúdos”. Considerando o peso médio de carcaça (11,485 kg), órgãos (1,085 kg) e vísceras (2,013 kg), houve produção de 4.433,232 kg, resultando em R$ 72.945,43. As condenações subtraíram 269,894 kg, equivalente a R$ 4.540,33. Atribui-se à LC um impacto negativo de 6,09% na produção. Implementar medidas de controle para essa doença é importante para que se amplie o retorno financeiro à atividade.(AU)

Morphological aspects of the superficial lymph nodes of Myrmecophaga tridactyla

Background: The giant anteater is a Xenarthra of the Myrmecophagidae family. It is classified in Brazil as vulnerablespecie, however, in Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul it is probably extinct. In an attempt to contribute to the preservation of the species, many injured animals are referred for treatment and rehabilitation, but the lack of information aboutmorphology may hinder a more efficient clinical-surgical approach. The knowledge on the topography, dimensions andmorphology of lymph nodes of a given species is essential for medical practice. The aim of this study was to identify anddescribe the general morphology of the superficial lymph nodes of Myrmecophaga tridactyla.Materials, Methods & Results: Ten cadavers of adult Myrmecophaga tridactyla were used in this study. They were fixedand preserved with 10% formaldehyde solution and dissected throughout their length to locate their superficial lymphnodes. Lymph nodes of each center were removed for mesoscopic analysis. Measurements of width, length and thicknesswere obtained by a digital caliper. The superficial lymph nodes observed in the head were the mandibular and the intermandibular, while in the neck were identified superficial cervical and deep cervical lymph nodes. In the thoracic limbs,the axillary and the axillary accessory lymph nodes were present. In the pelvic limbs just one lymph node, the femoral,was observed, located in the thick subcutaneous fascia of the medial surface of the thigh. The main anatomical differencesfound in the lymph nodes of M. tridactyla are the absence of parotid, popliteal and subiliac lymph nodes and the presenceof intermandibular lymph nodes and the developed femoral lymph nodes, which are unique in the pelvic limbs of this species. Moreover, some superficial lymph nodes were formed by several small lymph nodes, forming clusters, as observedin the proper and accessory axillary and femoral...

Morphological aspects of the superficial lymph nodes of Myrmecophaga tridactyla

Background: The giant anteater is a Xenarthra of the Myrmecophagidae family. It is classified in Brazil as vulnerablespecie, however, in Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul it is probably extinct. In an attempt to contribute to the preservation of the species, many injured animals are referred for treatment and rehabilitation, but the lack of information aboutmorphology may hinder a more efficient clinical-surgical approach. The knowledge on the topography, dimensions andmorphology of lymph nodes of a given species is essential for medical practice. The aim of this study was to identify anddescribe the general morphology of the superficial lymph nodes of Myrmecophaga tridactyla.Materials, Methods & Results: Ten cadavers of adult Myrmecophaga tridactyla were used in this study. They were fixedand preserved with 10% formaldehyde solution and dissected throughout their length to locate their superficial lymphnodes. Lymph nodes of each center were removed for mesoscopic analysis. Measurements of width, length and thicknesswere obtained by a digital caliper. The superficial lymph nodes observed in the head were the mandibular and the intermandibular, while in the neck were identified superficial cervical and deep cervical lymph nodes. In the thoracic limbs,the axillary and the axillary accessory lymph nodes were present. In the pelvic limbs just one lymph node, the femoral,was observed, located in the thick subcutaneous fascia of the medial surface of the thigh. The main anatomical differencesfound in the lymph nodes of M. tridactyla are the absence of parotid, popliteal and subiliac lymph nodes and the presenceof intermandibular lymph nodes and the developed femoral lymph nodes, which are unique in the pelvic limbs of this species. Moreover, some superficial lymph nodes were formed by several small lymph nodes, forming clusters, as observedin the proper and accessory axillary and femoral...(AU)

Iliac lymphadenectomy following intrauterine mapping in a female dog with breast neoplasm

Background: The lymphatic system plays an important role in the local control of neoplasms as well as in the transportation of tumor cells, which represents the most common pathway of metastasis. From the tumorigenesis, there is a remarkable enlargement of the tumor drainage network towards the regional and target lymph nodes. Since the mammary lymphatic system of animals with neoplasms as well as the demarcation of the pelvic and abdominal caudal chain are poorly studied, the aim of the present study is to report a case of iliac lymphadenectomy after intrauterine lymphatic dyeing in a dog with breast neoplasm, which allowed the identification of metastasis in the medial iliac lymph node.Case: A 7-year-old, 13.4 kg, non neutered, mixed breed, female dog was diagnosed with ulcerative neoplasm in the left caudal abdominal breast, which presented evolution of approximately 90 days, presenting ulceration for 10 days, according to the tutor. After a clinical evaluation, thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography were requested, which did not present metastasis suggestive images. Therefore, left unilateral total mastectomy was indicated. Retro-umbilical celiotomy was performed for the administration of 0.5 mL of 1% intrauterine methylene blue (body of the uterus), which allowed lymphatic mapping and medial iliac lymphadenectomy. Subsequently, ovariohysterectomy was performed and after celiorrhaphy, axillary lymphadenectomy was performed, followed by left unilateral mastectomy and concomitant removal of the superficial inguinal lymph node. The patient had a prompt recovery and was discharged from hospital in six hours postoperatively. The excised material was referred for histopathological examination, which revealed the presence of metastasis of simple tubulopapillary carcinoma of the mammary gland in the left medial and superficial inguinal lymph nodes, while the axillary lymph node had no metastases.[...]

Iliac lymphadenectomy following intrauterine mapping in a female dog with breast neoplasm

Background: The lymphatic system plays an important role in the local control of neoplasms as well as in the transportation of tumor cells, which represents the most common pathway of metastasis. From the tumorigenesis, there is a remarkable enlargement of the tumor drainage network towards the regional and target lymph nodes. Since the mammary lymphatic system of animals with neoplasms as well as the demarcation of the pelvic and abdominal caudal chain are poorly studied, the aim of the present study is to report a case of iliac lymphadenectomy after intrauterine lymphatic dyeing in a dog with breast neoplasm, which allowed the identification of metastasis in the medial iliac lymph node.Case: A 7-year-old, 13.4 kg, non neutered, mixed breed, female dog was diagnosed with ulcerative neoplasm in the left caudal abdominal breast, which presented evolution of approximately 90 days, presenting ulceration for 10 days, according to the tutor. After a clinical evaluation, thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography were requested, which did not present metastasis suggestive images. Therefore, left unilateral total mastectomy was indicated. Retro-umbilical celiotomy was performed for the administration of 0.5 mL of 1% intrauterine methylene blue (body of the uterus), which allowed lymphatic mapping and medial iliac lymphadenectomy. Subsequently, ovariohysterectomy was performed and after celiorrhaphy, axillary lymphadenectomy was performed, followed by left unilateral mastectomy and concomitant removal of the superficial inguinal lymph node. The patient had a prompt recovery and was discharged from hospital in six hours postoperatively. The excised material was referred for histopathological examination, which revealed the presence of metastasis of simple tubulopapillary carcinoma of the mammary gland in the left medial and superficial inguinal lymph nodes, while the axillary lymph node had no metastases.[...](AU)

Micobactérias diagnosticadas em gatos domésticos no sertão da Paraíba

ABSTRACT: This report describes two cases of domestic cats infected with Mycobacterium sp. in the backland of Paraiba, Northeast Brazil. The animals manifested nonspecific clinical signs, characterized by progressive weight loss, dyspnea, cough and generalized lymphadenomegaly in one cases, and clinical evolution of one and seven months respectively. Macroscopically the lesions were restricted to superficial and/or deep lymph nodes and pulmonary parenchyma, characterized by multifocal or multifocal to coalescent, yellowish and irregular nodules that presented multifocal areas with yellowish, friable and caseous as well as multifocal to coalescent, white and firm areas. Histologically, it was observed lymphadenitis and granulomatous pneumonia in both cases, varying in intensity of inflammatory response and degree of mineralization. The granulomas were constituted by macrophages and epithelioid cells, some with marked necrosis and central mineralization, surrounded by a large amount of connective tissue. In the first case there were also discrete and random granulomatous hepatitis. In both cases alcohol-acid-resistant bacilli were visualized inside the cytoplasm of macrophages in Ziehl-Neelsen staining; there was immunostaining for Mycobacterium sp. in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Through PCR was identified only the genus Mycobacterium in Case 1, and Mycobacterium bovis in Case 2. The diagnosis of Mycobacterium sp. In the cats was performed based on anatomopathological findings and immunohistochemistry. The PCR was performed the etiological diagnosis of mycobacteriosis in Case 1 and tuberculosis by M. bovis in Case 2. The diagnosis of diseases caused by mycobacteria in cats, especially those in which M. bovis was involved, is extremely important for public health highlighting the zoonotic potential of this species, since many infected animals may be asymptomatic or show nonspecific clinical signs.

RESUMO: Descrevem-se dois casos de infecção por Mycobacterium sp. em gatos domésticos no sertão da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Os animais apresentavam emagrecimento progressivo, dispneia, tosse e linfadenomegalia generalizada em um dos casos, com evolução clínica de um e sete meses, respectivamente. Macroscopicamente as lesões estavam restritas aos linfonodos superficiais e/ou profundos e parênquima pulmonar, caracterizadas por nódulos multifocais ou multifocais a coalescentes, amarelados, irregulares que ao corte apresentavam áreas multifocais a coalescentes amareladas, friáveis e caseosa, além de áreas multifocais brancacentas e firmes. Histologicamente, verificou-se linfadenite e pneumonia granulomatosa caracterizada por áreas centrais de necrose e mineralização central circundadas por macrófagos, células epiteliais e tecido conjuntivo fibroso. No primeiro caso havia ainda hepatite granulomatosa discreta e aleatória. Em ambos os casos, foram visualizados bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes livres e no citoplasma de macrófagos na coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. Houve imunomarcação para Mycobacterium sp. no citoplasma de macrófagos em ambos os casos. Na PCR, identificou-se apenas o gênero Mycobacterium no Caso 1 e Mycobacterium bovis no Caso 2. O diagnóstico de infecção por Mycobacterium sp. nos felinos foi realizado com base nos achados anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímica. Pela PCR foi realizado o diagnóstico etiológico de micobacteriose no Caso 1 e tuberculose por M. bovis no Caso 2. O diagnóstico das doenças causadas por micobactérias em felinos, principalmente aquelas em que M. bovis esteja envolvido, é de extrema importância para a saúde pública, destacando o potencial zoonótico desta espécie, pois muitos animais infectados podem ser assintomáticos ou apresentarem sinais clínicos inespecíficos.

Micobactérias diagnosticadas em gatos domésticos no sertão da Paraíba / Mycobacteriae diagnosed in domestic cats in the backland of Paraiba, Brazil

Descrevem-se dois casos de infecção por Mycobacterium sp. em gatos domésticos no sertão da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Os animais apresentavam emagrecimento progressivo, dispneia, tosse e linfadenomegalia generalizada em um dos casos, com evolução clínica de um e sete meses, respectivamente. Macroscopicamente as lesões estavam restritas aos linfonodos superficiais e/ou profundos e parênquima pulmonar, caracterizadas por nódulos multifocais ou multifocais a coalescentes, amarelados, irregulares que ao corte apresentavam áreas multifocais a coalescentes amareladas, friáveis e caseosa, além de áreas multifocais brancacentas e firmes. Histologicamente, verificou-se linfadenite e pneumonia granulomatosa caracterizada por áreas centrais de necrose e mineralização central circundadas por macrófagos, células epiteliais e tecido conjuntivo fibroso. No primeiro caso havia ainda hepatite granulomatosa discreta e aleatória. Em ambos os casos, foram visualizados bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes livres e no citoplasma de macrófagos na coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. Houve imunomarcação para Mycobacterium sp. no citoplasma de macrófagos em ambos os casos. Na PCR, identificou-se apenas o gênero Mycobacterium no Caso 1 e Mycobacterium bovis no Caso 2. O diagnóstico de infecção por Mycobacterium sp. nos felinos foi realizado com base nos achados anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímica. Pela PCR foi realizado o diagnóstico etiológico de micobacteriose no Caso 1 e tuberculose por M. bovis no Caso 2. O diagnóstico das doenças causadas por micobactérias em felinos, principalmente aquelas em que M. bovis esteja envolvido, é de extrema importância para a saúde pública, destacando o potencial zoonótico desta espécie, pois muitos animais infectados podem ser assintomáticos ou apresentarem sinais clínicos inespecíficos.(AU)

This report describes two cases of domestic cats infected with Mycobacterium sp. in the backland of Paraiba, Northeast Brazil. The animals manifested nonspecific clinical signs, characterized by progressive weight loss, dyspnea, cough and generalized lymphadenomegaly in one cases, and clinical evolution of one and seven months respectively. Macroscopically the lesions were restricted to superficial and/or deep lymph nodes and pulmonary parenchyma, characterized by multifocal or multifocal to coalescent, yellowish and irregular nodules that presented multifocal areas with yellowish, friable and caseous as well as multifocal to coalescent, white and firm areas. Histologically, it was observed lymphadenitis and granulomatous pneumonia in both cases, varying in intensity of inflammatory response and degree of mineralization. The granulomas were constituted by macrophages and epithelioid cells, some with marked necrosis and central mineralization, surrounded by a large amount of connective tissue. In the first case there were also discrete and random granulomatous hepatitis. In both cases alcohol-acid-resistant bacilli were visualized inside the cytoplasm of macrophages in Ziehl-Neelsen staining; there was immunostaining for Mycobacterium sp. in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Through PCR was identified only the genus Mycobacterium in Case 1, and Mycobacterium bovis in Case 2. The diagnosis of Mycobacterium sp. In the cats was performed based on anatomopathological findings and immunohistochemistry. The PCR was performed the etiological diagnosis of mycobacteriosis in Case 1 and tuberculosis by M. bovis in Case 2. The diagnosis of diseases caused by mycobacteria in cats, especially those in which M. bovis was involved, is extremely important for public health highlighting the zoonotic potential of this species, since many infected animals may be asymptomatic or show nonspecific clinical signs.(AU)

Micobactérias diagnosticadas em gatos domésticos no sertão da Paraíba / Mycobacteriae diagnosed in domestic cats in the backland of Paraiba, Brazil

Descrevem-se dois casos de infecção por Mycobacterium sp. em gatos domésticos no sertão da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Os animais apresentavam emagrecimento progressivo, dispneia, tosse e linfadenomegalia generalizada em um dos casos, com evolução clínica de um e sete meses, respectivamente. Macroscopicamente as lesões estavam restritas aos linfonodos superficiais e/ou profundos e parênquima pulmonar, caracterizadas por nódulos multifocais ou multifocais a coalescentes, amarelados, irregulares que ao corte apresentavam áreas multifocais a coalescentes amareladas, friáveis e caseosa, além de áreas multifocais brancacentas e firmes. Histologicamente, verificou-se linfadenite e pneumonia granulomatosa caracterizada por áreas centrais de necrose e mineralização central circundadas por macrófagos, células epiteliais e tecido conjuntivo fibroso. No primeiro caso havia ainda hepatite granulomatosa discreta e aleatória. Em ambos os casos, foram visualizados bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes livres e no citoplasma de macrófagos na coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. Houve imunomarcação para Mycobacterium sp. no citoplasma de macrófagos em ambos os casos. Na PCR, identificou-se apenas o gênero Mycobacterium no Caso 1 e Mycobacterium bovis no Caso 2. O diagnóstico de infecção por Mycobacterium sp. nos felinos foi realizado com base nos achados anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímica. Pela PCR foi realizado o diagnóstico etiológico de micobacteriose no Caso 1 e tuberculose por M. bovis no Caso 2. O diagnóstico das doenças causadas por micobactérias em felinos, principalmente aquelas em que M. bovis esteja envolvido, é de extrema importância para a saúde pública, destacando o potencial zoonótico desta espécie, pois muitos animais infectados podem ser assintomáticos ou apresentarem sinais clínicos inespecíficos.(AU)

This report describes two cases of domestic cats infected with Mycobacterium sp. in the backland of Paraiba, Northeast Brazil. The animals manifested nonspecific clinical signs, characterized by progressive weight loss, dyspnea, cough and generalized lymphadenomegaly in one cases, and clinical evolution of one and seven months respectively. Macroscopically the lesions were restricted to superficial and/or deep lymph nodes and pulmonary parenchyma, characterized by multifocal or multifocal to coalescent, yellowish and irregular nodules that presented multifocal areas with yellowish, friable and caseous as well as multifocal to coalescent, white and firm areas. Histologically, it was observed lymphadenitis and granulomatous pneumonia in both cases, varying in intensity of inflammatory response and degree of mineralization. The granulomas were constituted by macrophages and epithelioid cells, some with marked necrosis and central mineralization, surrounded by a large amount of connective tissue. In the first case there were also discrete and random granulomatous hepatitis. In both cases alcohol-acid-resistant bacilli were visualized inside the cytoplasm of macrophages in Ziehl-Neelsen staining; there was immunostaining for Mycobacterium sp. in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Through PCR was identified only the genus Mycobacterium in Case 1, and Mycobacterium bovis in Case 2. The diagnosis of Mycobacterium sp. In the cats was performed based on anatomopathological findings and immunohistochemistry. The PCR was performed the etiological diagnosis of mycobacteriosis in Case 1 and tuberculosis by M. bovis in Case 2. The diagnosis of diseases caused by mycobacteria in cats, especially those in which M. bovis was involved, is extremely important for public health highlighting the zoonotic potential of this species, since many infected animals may be asymptomatic or show nonspecific clinical signs.(AU)

Fibrinous pleuropneumonia caused by Pasteurella multocida associated with bovine lymphoma / Pleuropneumonia fibrinosa causada por Pasteurella multocida associada a linfoma bovino

In this work, we describe an unusual case of fibrinous pleuropneumonia caused by Pasteurella multocida associated with generalized lymphadenomegaly in a bovine. The animal had a one-month history of generalized superficial lymphadenomegaly that progressed to anorexia and submandibular oedema, resulting in spontaneous death. At necropsy, the parenchyma of the lymph nodes and multiple organs was obliterated by a dense proliferation of round neoplastic cells (lymphoma). Additionally, the neoplasm presented multifocal areas of haemorrhage and necrosis, characteristic of lymphoma. The parietal and visceral pleura and parietal pericardium were enlarged and covered diffusely with large amounts of a yellowish fibrillary material. The lungs were mildly enlarged, non-collapsed, and firm and exhibited interlobular septae that were thickened with a gelatinous material. Histopathological examination showed that the parietal and visceral pleura were enlarged due to a diffuse and severe inflammatory infiltrate composed of degenerate neutrophils associated with severe fibrin deposition, characteristic of fibrinous pleuropneumonia. Pleura and parietal pericardium fragments were cultivated in aerobic and microaerobic microbiological conditions. Round greyish colonies of gram-negative coccobacilli that were shiny and non-haemolytic were observed in sheep blood agar. The biochemical profile was indicative of Pasteurella spp. Molecular identification was performed by partial 16S rRNA amplification following sequencing. Pasteurella multocida was confirmed as the primary bacterium associated with the bovine fibrinous pleuropneumonia. We are able to infer that the lymphoma caused immunodepression, which increased the animals susceptibility to atypical infectious microorganisms such as pathogenic P. multocida.(AU)

Nesse trabalho, relatamos um caso de pleuropneumonia fibrinossupurativa causada por Pasteurella multocida associada à linfoadenomegalia em um bovino. O animal apresentava aumento generalizado de linfonodos há um mês progredindo para anorexia e edema submandibular por três dias culminando com óbito. Durante a necropsia, tanto dos linfonodos quanto de diversos órgãos evidenciaram proliferação neoplásica de células arredondadas e arranjadas em mantos (linfoma). Adicionalmente, áreas multifocais de hemorragia e necrose, características de linfoma, foram observadas. As pleuras parietal e visceral e pericárdio parietal apresentavam-se espessas e recobertas por acentuada quantidade de fibrina. Os pulmões estavam aumentados, não colabados, firmes e exibiam espessamento com edema moderado de septos interlobulares. À microscopia, cortes da pleura visceral exibiram acentuado infiltrado inflamatório de neutrófilos degenerados com intensa deposição de fibrina, características da pleuropneumonia fibrinossupurativa, além de neovascularização e proliferação de fibroblastos. Amostras de pulmão e da pleura foram cultivadas em aerobiose e microaerobiose. Evidenciou-se o crescimento puro no ágar sangue ovino de colônias redondas, acinzentadas, brilhantes e não-hemolíticas, sendo caracterizadas como cocobacilos gram-negativos. As características bioquímicas do isolado foram condizentes com Pasteurella spp. Procedeu-se a identificação molecular do isolado através da amplificação parcial do gene rRNA 16S com posterior sequenciamento do produto amplificado. Deste modo foi possível a confirmação do isolado como Pasteurella multocida, sendo o agente primário da pleuropneumonia fibrinosa. Com estes dados, podemos afirmar que o linfoma causou um quadro de imunodepressão, a qual aumenta a susceptibilidade dos animais a agentes infecciosos atípicos, como a P. multocida patogênica.(AU)

Fibrinous pleuropneumonia caused by Pasteurella multocida associated with bovine lymphoma / Pleuropneumonia fibrinosa causada por Pasteurella multocida associada a linfoma bovino

In this work, we describe an unusual case of fibrinous pleuropneumonia caused by Pasteurella multocida associated with generalized lymphadenomegaly in a bovine. The animal had a one-month history of generalized superficial lymphadenomegaly that progressed to anorexia and submandibular oedema, resulting in spontaneous death. At necropsy, the parenchyma of the lymph nodes and multiple organs was obliterated by a dense proliferation of round neoplastic cells (lymphoma). Additionally, the neoplasm presented multifocal areas of haemorrhage and necrosis, characteristic of lymphoma. The parietal and visceral pleura and parietal pericardium were enlarged and covered diffusely with large amounts of a yellowish fibrillary material. The lungs were mildly enlarged, non-collapsed, and firm and exhibited interlobular septae that were thickened with a gelatinous material. Histopathological examination showed that the parietal and visceral pleura were enlarged due to a diffuse and severe inflammatory infiltrate composed of degenerate neutrophils associated with severe fibrin deposition, characteristic of fibrinous pleuropneumonia. Pleura and parietal pericardium fragments were cultivated in aerobic and microaerobic microbiological conditions. Round greyish colonies of gram-negative coccobacilli that were shiny and non-haemolytic were observed in sheep blood agar. The biochemical profile was indicative of Pasteurella spp. Molecular identification was performed by partial 16S rRNA amplification following sequencing. Pasteurella multocida was confirmed as the primary bacterium associated with the bovine fibrinous pleuropneumonia. We are able to infer that the lymphoma caused immunodepression, which increased the animals susceptibility to atypical infectious microorganisms such as pathogenic P. multocida.

Nesse trabalho, relatamos um caso de pleuropneumonia fibrinossupurativa causada por Pasteurella multocida associada à linfoadenomegalia em um bovino. O animal apresentava aumento generalizado de linfonodos há um mês progredindo para anorexia e edema submandibular por três dias culminando com óbito. Durante a necropsia, tanto dos linfonodos quanto de diversos órgãos evidenciaram proliferação neoplásica de células arredondadas e arranjadas em mantos (linfoma). Adicionalmente, áreas multifocais de hemorragia e necrose, características de linfoma, foram observadas. As pleuras parietal e visceral e pericárdio parietal apresentavam-se espessas e recobertas por acentuada quantidade de fibrina. Os pulmões estavam aumentados, não colabados, firmes e exibiam espessamento com edema moderado de septos interlobulares. À microscopia, cortes da pleura visceral exibiram acentuado infiltrado inflamatório de neutrófilos degenerados com intensa deposição de fibrina, características da pleuropneumonia fibrinossupurativa, além de neovascularização e proliferação de fibroblastos. Amostras de pulmão e da pleura foram cultivadas em aerobiose e microaerobiose. Evidenciou-se o crescimento puro no ágar sangue ovino de colônias redondas, acinzentadas, brilhantes e não-hemolíticas, sendo caracterizadas como cocobacilos gram-negativos. As características bioquímicas do isolado foram condizentes com Pasteurella spp. Procedeu-se a identificação molecular do isolado através da amplificação parcial do gene rRNA 16S com posterior sequenciamento do produto amplificado. Deste modo foi possível a confirmação do isolado como Pasteurella multocida, sendo o agente primário da pleuropneumonia fibrinosa. Com estes dados, podemos afirmar que o linfoma causou um quadro de imunodepressão, a qual aumenta a susceptibilidade dos animais a agentes infecciosos atípicos, como a P. multocida patogênica.

Linfomas em cães: aspectos epidemiológicos / Lymphoma in dogs: Epidemiological aspects

Com os avanços na Medicina Veterinária, houve um aumento na expectativa de vida dos animais de companhia, e em contrapartida,a incidência de doenças crônicas como o câncer tem aumentado nestes animais. O linfoma é uma neoplasia maligna de linfócitoscomumente encontrada nos caninos e sua incidência é progressiva, em torno de 24 a 33 casos por ano para cada 100.000 cães.Foram consultadas as fichas do Setor de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), no período compreendidoentre janeiro de 2003 e dezembro de 2013, para avaliar a frequência de linfoma nos cães assistidos no Hospital Veterinário (UFU)neste período. Informações como o tipo de exame realizado, sexo, idade, raça e tipo de amostra foram coletadas. Também foiavaliada a frequência do linfoma entre os tumores de células redondas. Posteriormente, os dados foram comparados utilizandoseestatística descritiva e porcentual. De todos os 6403 registros, 70,3% dos diagnósticos de linfoma foram observados por meiode citologia e 29,6% por histopatologia. O linfoma foi o segundo tumor de células redondas mais frequente em 23,1%. Não houvepredileção sexual e os cães adultos e idosos representaram as faixas etárias mais afetadas. A raça Pit Bull foi a mais frequenteem 28,2% dos casos. Em 53,3% dos diagnósticos citológicos conclusivos sem necessidade de biópsia, os cães apresentaramlinfadenomegalia na avaliação clínica. A citologia pode ser uma boa ferramenta no diagnóstico de linfomas, auxiliado pela avaliaçãofísica dos linfonodos superficiais.(AU)

With advances in veterinary medicine, there was an increase in life expectancy of pets, and on the other hand, the incidence ofchronic diseases such as cancer has increased in these animals. Lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes commonlyfound in canine and its incidence is progressive, around 24-33 cases per year for each 100.000 dogs. The reports of the Sectorof Animal Pathology, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), were consulted in the period between January 2003 and December2013 to assess the frequency of lymphoma in dogs assisted at the Veterinary Hospital (UFU) in this period. Information such asthe type of examination, gender, age, and type of sample was collected. We also evaluated the frequency of lymphoma betweenthe round cell tumors. Later, the data were compared using descriptive statistics and percentage. Of all 6403 records, 70.3% oflymphoma diagnoses were observed by cytology and 29.6% by histopathology. Lymphoma was the second most frequent roundcell tumor in 23.1%. There was no sexual predilection and the adult and elderly dogs represented the most affected age groups.The Pit Bull breed was the most frequent in 28.2% of the cases. In 53.3% of the conclusive cytologic diagnoses without biopsy, thedogs presented lymphadenomegaly in the clinical evaluation. Cytology can be a good tool in the diagnosis of lymphomas, aidedby the physical evaluation of superficial lymph nodes.(AU)

Evaluación histopatológica de los ganglios linfáticos axilar y superficie inguinal en perras (Canis familiaris) debajo mastectomía terapéutica / Histopathological evaluation of axillary and superficial inguinal lymph nodes in bitches (Canis familiaris) underwent to therapy mastectomy / Avaliação histopatológica dos linfonodos axilares e inguinais superficiais em cadelas (Canis familiaris) submetidas à mastectomia terapêutica

Los tumores mamarios son las neoplasias más comunes en perros, que constituyen alrededor del 50% de las neoplasias de la especie canina. Los tumores de mama malignos pueden establecer metástasis a los ganglios linfáticos regionales y se extendió a otros sitios. La reactividad de los ganglios linfáticos en los alrededores del tumor es un factor relacionado con el pronóstico del cáncer. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la incidencia de los cambios histopatológicos de lesiones de mama en perros, especialmente la metástasis de los tumores malignos de mama en los ganglios linfáticos axilares e inguinales superficiales sin cambios macroscópicos. La retirada del ganglio linfático inguinal se llevó a cabo junto con la glándula inguinal debido a la íntima asociación de estas dos estructuras. Para la localización y la escisión de la linfa axilar aplicado colorante azul de metileno 2% alrededor de la mama torácica craneal a la lesión. La biopsia excisional de ganglios centinela, axilar y inguinal superficial, durante la mastectomía y posterior análisis histopatológico de los ganglios linfáticos y cadena mamaria permitió el diagnóstico del tipo de tumor primario, el grado de reactividad linfoide y la identificación de metástasis linfática. [...](AU)

Mammary tumors are the most common neoplasms in dogs, corresponding to 50% of neoplasms of the canine specie. Malignant breast tumors may metastasize to regional lymph nodes and spread to other sites. The reactivity of lymph nodes in the tumor surroundings is a factor related to the prognosis of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of histopathological changes in dogs with breast lesions, especially metastasis of malignant breast tumors in axillary and superficial inguinal lymph nodes without macroscopic changes. The removal of the inguinal lymph node was held together with the inguinal gland due to the intimate association of these two structures. For localization and excision of axillary lymph node was necessary to inject the dye methylene blue 2% around the ipsilateral cranial breast to chest injury. The excisional biopsy of sentinel nodes, axillary and superficial inguinal, during mastectomy and subsequent histopathological analysis of the mammary chain and lymph nodes allowed the diagnosis of the type of primary tumor, the degree of lymphoid reactivity and lymphatic metastasis. [...](AU)

Os tumores mamários são as neoplasias mais comuns em cadelas, constituindo cerca de 50% do total de neoplasias da espécie canina. Neoplasias mamárias malignas podem estabelecer metástases para os linfonodos regionais e se disseminarem para outros sítios. A reatividade de linfonodos nas adjacências do tumor é um fator relacionado ao prognóstico da neoplasia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a incidência de alterações histopatológicas das lesões mamárias em cadelas, principalmente metástase de neoplasias mamárias malignas, nos linfonodos axilar e inguinal superficial sem alterações macroscópicas. A remoção do linfonodo inguinal foi realizada juntamente com a da glândula inguinal devido à íntima associação dessas duas estruturas. Já para a localização e exérese do linfonodo axilar, preconizou-se a ejeção do corante azul de metileno a 2% ao redor da mama torácica cranial ipsilateral à lesão. A biópsia excisional dos linfonodos sentinela, axilar e inguinal superficial, no mesmo tempo cirúrgico da mastectomia e a posterior análise histopatológica da cadeia mamária e dos linfonodos permitiu o diagnóstico do tipo de neoplasia primária, do grau de reatividade linfoide e da metástase linfática. [...](AU)

Evaluación histopatológica de los ganglios linfáticos axilar y superficie inguinal en perras (Canis familiaris) debajo mastectomía terapéutica / Histopathological evaluation of axillary and superficial inguinal lymph nodes in bitches (Canis familiaris) underwent to therapy mastectomy / Avaliação histopatológica dos linfonodos axilares e inguinais superficiais em cadelas (Canis familiaris) submetidas à mastectomia terapêutica

Los tumores mamarios son las neoplasias más comunes en perros, que constituyen alrededor del 50% de las neoplasias de la especie canina. Los tumores de mama malignos pueden establecer metástasis a los ganglios linfáticos regionales y se extendió a otros sitios. La reactividad de los ganglios linfáticos en los alrededores del tumor es un factor relacionado con el pronóstico del cáncer. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la incidencia de los cambios histopatológicos de lesiones de mama en perros, especialmente la metástasis de los tumores malignos de mama en los ganglios linfáticos axilares e inguinales superficiales sin cambios macroscópicos. La retirada del ganglio linfático inguinal se llevó a cabo junto con la glándula inguinal debido a la íntima asociación de estas dos estructuras. Para la localización y la escisión de la linfa axilar aplicado colorante azul de metileno 2% alrededor de la mama torácica craneal a la lesión. La biopsia excisional de ganglios centinela, axilar y inguinal superficial, durante la mastectomía y posterior análisis histopatológico de los ganglios linfáticos y cadena mamaria permitió el diagnóstico del tipo de tumor primario, el grado de reactividad linfoide y la identificación de metástasis linfática. [...]

Mammary tumors are the most common neoplasms in dogs, corresponding to 50% of neoplasms of the canine specie. Malignant breast tumors may metastasize to regional lymph nodes and spread to other sites. The reactivity of lymph nodes in the tumor surroundings is a factor related to the prognosis of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of histopathological changes in dogs with breast lesions, especially metastasis of malignant breast tumors in axillary and superficial inguinal lymph nodes without macroscopic changes. The removal of the inguinal lymph node was held together with the inguinal gland due to the intimate association of these two structures. For localization and excision of axillary lymph node was necessary to inject the dye methylene blue 2% around the ipsilateral cranial breast to chest injury. The excisional biopsy of sentinel nodes, axillary and superficial inguinal, during mastectomy and subsequent histopathological analysis of the mammary chain and lymph nodes allowed the diagnosis of the type of primary tumor, the degree of lymphoid reactivity and lymphatic metastasis. [...]

Os tumores mamários são as neoplasias mais comuns em cadelas, constituindo cerca de 50% do total de neoplasias da espécie canina. Neoplasias mamárias malignas podem estabelecer metástases para os linfonodos regionais e se disseminarem para outros sítios. A reatividade de linfonodos nas adjacências do tumor é um fator relacionado ao prognóstico da neoplasia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a incidência de alterações histopatológicas das lesões mamárias em cadelas, principalmente metástase de neoplasias mamárias malignas, nos linfonodos axilar e inguinal superficial sem alterações macroscópicas. A remoção do linfonodo inguinal foi realizada juntamente com a da glândula inguinal devido à íntima associação dessas duas estruturas. Já para a localização e exérese do linfonodo axilar, preconizou-se a ejeção do corante azul de metileno a 2% ao redor da mama torácica cranial ipsilateral à lesão. A biópsia excisional dos linfonodos sentinela, axilar e inguinal superficial, no mesmo tempo cirúrgico da mastectomia e a posterior análise histopatológica da cadeia mamária e dos linfonodos permitiu o diagnóstico do tipo de neoplasia primária, do grau de reatividade linfoide e da metástase linfática. [...]

NANOPARTÍCULAS DE PRATA BIOGÊNICAS E DE EXTRATOS DE PRÓPOLIS EM BIOFILMES DE CORYNEBACTERIUM PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS

Santos, L. M. C. Nanopartículas de prata biogênicas e extratos de própolis em biofilmes de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. 2021. 129p. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência Animal nos Trópicos) Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 2021. A linfadenite caseosa é uma doença infecto-contagiosa, crônica e debilitante causada por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Esta enfermidade é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de granulomas encapsulados em linfonodos superficiais e viscerais, como também em diversos órgãos. O problema principal da LC deve-se a dificuldade de implantação de um tratamento eficaz, em vista de que o atual basea-se na drenagem e limpeza das lesões utilizando solução de iodo a 10%, acarretando assim altos riscos de contaminação ambiental. Além disso, o tratamento é geralmente refratário à terapia antibiótica. Portanto, é vital a busca de estratégias inovadoras, a partir de novas terapias antimicrobianas, para enfrentar o principal problema da LC. A partir deste cenário, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar, a capacidade de formação de biofilme de C. pseudotuberculosis e determinar a susceptibilidade de isolados bacterianos formadores de biofilme aos extratos etanólico e supercrítico de própolis e a nanopartículas de prata (AgNP) biogênicas. Foram utilizadas as metodologias de microdiluição em caldo, atividade da disrupção do biofilme consolidado, interferência na formação de biofilme e imagens obtidas através da Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) para determinar a sensibilidade dos isolados aos agentes antimicrobianos. As AgNPs, bem como os extratos etanólico de própolis verde e supercrítico de própolis vermelha causarm disrupção do biofilme consolidado de C. pseudotuberculosis e foram eficazes na capacidade de interferir na formação inical do biofilme bacteriano. As AgNPs reduziram de forma significativa os biofilmes consolidados de C. pseudotuberculosis. As imagens da MEV mostram mudanças da morfologia do biofilme consolidado e poucas alterações estruturais das bactérias expostas aos extratos de própolis. Observamos disrupção completa do biofilme e severos danos estruturas das bactérias expostas a AgNPs. Conclui-se que as nanopartículas de prata e os extratos de própolis podem ser consideradas como um agente terapêutico promissor para o tratamento da linfadenite caseosa em pequenos ruminantes, com ações não somente em forma planctônica de C. pseudotuberculosis, mas também sobre seu biofilme associado.

Santos, L. M. C. biogenic silver nanoparticles and of própolis extracts in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biofilms. 2021. 130p. Thesis (PhD in Tropical Animal Science) School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny. Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, 2021. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-positive and intracellular bacterium that causes caseous lymphadenitis (CL) in small ruminants, a chronic disease characterized by the development of encapsulated granulomas in superficial and visceral lymph nodes, as well as in various organs. An important feature of chronic bacterial infections is the development of biofilm. Considering this scenario, the aim of this study was to evaluate the biofilm formation capacity of C. pseudotuberculosis and to determine the susceptibility of biofilm-forming bacterial isolates to ethanolic and supercritical extracts of propolis, and to silver nanoparticles (AgNP). The broth microdilution methodology, the analysis of the disruption of the consolidated biofilm and the interference in the formation of biofilm assays were used to determine the sensitivity of the isolates to antimicrobials. Mature biofilms were visualized by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The ethanolic extracts of green propolis and supercritical red propolis were not effective in inhibiting the C. pseudotuberculosis consolidated biofilm but were able to interfere in the formation of bacterial biofilm. The AgNPs acted for 48 hours in C. pseudotuberculosis controlling the change between planktonic and sessile forms, decreasing the fixation and colonization in a microplate. The colloidal AgNP solution significantly reduced the consolidated biofilms of C. pseudotuberculosis. The SEM images showed that the AgNP were able to disrupt the bacterial biofilm, and that there were morphological changes in the bacteria present in the treated biofilms. It can be concluced that AgNPs con be considered a promising therapeutical agent in the treatment of the caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants.

Diagnostic comparison of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis through microbiological culture and PCR in sheep samples

Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , which is a bacterium responsible for a great number of economic losses on goat and sheep production. It is characterized by the formation of abscesses in superficial lymph nodes and in internal organs and lymph nodes. This study aimed at determining the agreement between microbiological culture and PCR in the identification of C. pseudotuberculosis , in samples collected from animals in slaughterhouses and in animals that presented lymph node enlargement in field conditions. From the 202 samples analyzed through microbiological culture, 113 (56%) were positive for Corynebacterium sp.; from these positive samples, 38 (34%) were identified as C. pseudotuberculosis by microbiological culture. From the amount of samples, 110 (54%) were positive and 92 (46%) were negative in the PCR. Kappa index (0.193) presented a weak agreement between PCR and microbiological culture. We concluded that molecular diagnosis (PCR) in clinical samples proved to be more efficient, reproducible, and faster than the microbiological culture, both on clinical samples analyses and in the confirmation of C. pseudotuberculosis in colonies that were classified by Corynebacterium genus. Thus, the present study demonstrated the importance of PCR to confirm C. pseudotuberculosis diagnosis, and the best contribution for the epidemiological surveillance of the disease in sheep.

RESUMO A linfadenite caseosa é uma doença infectocontagiosa crônica, causada pelo agente etiológico Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , que é uma bactéria responsável por grandes perdas econômicas na produção de ovinos e caprinos. Caracteriza-se pela formação de abscessos em nódulos linfáticos superficiais e em órgãos internos e linfonodos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a concordância entre as metodologias de isolamento microbiológico com a PCR na identificação do C. pseudotuberculosis , em amostras clínicas colhidas em abatedouros e em animais que apresentavam aumento de linfonodo em condições de campo. Das 202 amostras analisadas no cultivo microbiológico, 113 (56%) foram positivas para o gênero Corynebacterium sp., e 38 (34%) colônias foram identificadas como C. pseudotuberculosis por meio de cultura microbiológica. Das amostras clínicas extraídas, 110 (54%) foram positivas e 92 (46%) foram negativas na PCR. A concordância estimada entre as técnicas de PCR e o cultivo microbiológico pelo indicador Kappa foi considerada fraca (0,193). Concluímos que o diagnóstico molecular (PCR) provou ser mais eficiente, rápido e com reprodutibilidade quando comparado ao cultivo microbiológico das amostras clínicas bem como da confirmação do C. pseudotuberculosis de colônias pertencentes ao gênero Corynebacterium . Dessa forma, o presente trabalho demonstrou a importância do uso da PCR na confirmação diagnóstica do C. pseudotuberculosis , visando contribuir com a melhoria da vigilância epidemiológica da doença em ovinos.