Correlations between body measures with live weight in young male goats

Data analysis in goat production, such as those related to body and scrotal measurements, indicate the productive and reproductive animal development. The current study aimed to evaluate the correlations between thoracic perimeter (TP), body length (BL), body compacity (BC), body volume (BV), and scrotal circumference (SC) with body weight (BW) in young male goats of Saanen and Boer breeds. It was used 38 Saanen and 24 Boer male goats, with age average of 7.2 ± 2.0 months. Thoracic perimeter and body length measurements were obtained using a tape measure (cm) and the live weight (kg) a mechanic scale. The variables body compacity (BC) and body volume (BV) were calculated using the equations: and . Boer breed showed live weight and body compacity higher than Saanen breed (p < 0.05). Regarding correlations between biometric measurements and body weight, we did not find any statistical differences between the breeds (p > 0.05). The scrotal circumference presented the lowest association with body weight (p < 0.05). However, all biometric measurements showed highly significant correlations with live body (p < 0.01). In conclusion, thoracic perimeter was the main measure of body weight predictor, considering efficiency and practical aspects.(AU)

Correlations between body measures with live weight in young male goats

Data analysis in goat production, such as those related to body and scrotal measurements, indicate the productive and reproductive animal development. The current study aimed to evaluate the correlations between thoracic perimeter (TP), body length (BL), body compacity (BC), body volume (BV), and scrotal circumference (SC) with body weight (BW) in young male goats of Saanen and Boer breeds. It was used 38 Saanen and 24 Boer male goats, with age average of 7.2 ± 2.0 months. Thoracic perimeter and body length measurements were obtained using a tape measure (cm) and the live weight (kg) a mechanic scale. The variables body compacity (BC) and body volume (BV) were calculated using the equations: and . Boer breed showed live weight and body compacity higher than Saanen breed (p 0.05). The scrotal circumference presented the lowest association with body weight (p < 0.05). However, all biometric measurements showed highly significant correlations with live body (p < 0.01). In conclusion, thoracic perimeter was the main measure of body weight predictor, considering efficiency and practical aspects.

Pelvimetry in bitches N.R.D. (no race defined) / Pelvimetria em cadelas S.R.D. (sem raça definida)

Pelviology means the study of the pelvis, a structure formed by bones, ligaments and muscles. One of the subjects of pelviology corresponds to pelvimetry, which deals with the measurement of pelvic measurements, and which has a close relationship with reproduction. This study aims to verify the correlation between some body parameters and pelvic measurements. We used 50 N.R.D. female canine cadavers, varying in age and size, from euthanasia or natural death from the HOVET of UNIDESC and Veterinary Clinics of the cities of Valparaíso, Goiás-GO and Santa Maria-FD. Initially the body length, body height, thoracic perimeter, and body weight parameters were measured. Then, the bony pelvis was removed from the cadaver, sectioning the spine at the level between the lumbar vertebrae 5 (L5) and 6 (L6) and the femur in its middle third. Immediately after this procedure, the excess soft tissue was removed. In pelvimetry the following diameters were measured: thigh bone; transverse; acetabular; lateral ischiatic; true conjugate and vertical. The following mean values and standard deviation were obtained: 1) Body parameters: body weight (Kg) - 8.40 ± 5.86; height (cm) – 35.50 ± 11.76; body length (cm) – 48.60 ± 13.48; and thoracic perimeter (cm) – 43.80 ± 14.24; and 2) Pelvic diameters (cm): thigh bone – 3.313 ± 0.830; transversal – 3.864 ± 0.900; acetabular – 4.326 ± 1.140; lateral ischiatic – 7.171 ± 2.140; true conjugate – 4.720 ± 1.270; and vertical – 4.697 ± 1.270. Finally, it was verified that there is a significant positive correlation between body parameters and pelvic diameters

A pelviologia corresponde ao estudo da pelve, estrutura formada por ossos, ligamentos e músculos. Um dos assuntos abordados da pelviologia corresponde a pelvimetria que trata da mensuração das medidas pélvicas, e a qual possui intima relação com a reprodução. O presente estudo tem por objetivo verificar a correlação entre alguns parâmetros corporais e as medidas pél-vicas. Foram utilizados 50 cadáveres caninos fêmeas S.R.D., idade e tamanho variados, oriundos de eutanásia ou morte natural do HOVET do UNIDESC e Clínicas Veterinárias das cidades de Valparaíso, Goiás (GO) e Santa Maria (DF). Inicialmente men-surou-se os parâmetros corporais comprimento corporal; altura corporal; perímetro torácico e peso corporal. Em seguida, a pelve óssea foi retirada do cadáver, seccionando-se a coluna vertebral em nível entre as vértebras lombares 5 (L5) e 6 (L6) e o fêmur em seu terço médio, logo após esse procedimento retirou-se o excesso de tecidos moles. Na pelvimetria mensurou-se os diâmetros: coxal; transversal; acetabular; isquiático lateral; verdadeiro conjugado e vertical. Obteve-se os seguintes valores médios e desvio padrão: 1) Parâmetros corporais: peso corporal (Kg) – 8,40 ± 5,86; altura (cm) – 35,50 ± 11,76; comprimento corporal (cm) – 48,60 ± 13,48; e perímetro torácico (cm) – 43,80 ± 14,24; e 2) Diâmetros pélvicos (cm): coxal – 3,313 ± 0,830; transversal – 3,864 ± 0,900; acetabular – 4,326 ± 1,140; isquiático lateral – 7,171 ± 2,140; conjugado verdadeiro – 4,720 ± 1,270; e vertical – 4,697 ± 1,270. Por fim, verificou-se que há correlação positiva significativa entre os parâmetros corporais e os diâmetros pélvicos.

Pelvimetry in bitches N.R.D. (no race defined) / Pelvimetria em cadelas S.R.D. (sem raça definida)

Pelviology means the study of the pelvis, a structure formed by bones, ligaments and muscles. One of the subjects of pelviology corresponds to pelvimetry, which deals with the measurement of pelvic measurements, and which has a close relationship with reproduction. This study aims to verify the correlation between some body parameters and pelvic measurements. We used 50 N.R.D. female canine cadavers, varying in age and size, from euthanasia or natural death from the HOVET of UNIDESC and Veterinary Clinics of the cities of Valparaíso, Goiás-GO and Santa Maria-FD. Initially the body length, body height, thoracic perimeter, and body weight parameters were measured. Then, the bony pelvis was removed from the cadaver, sectioning the spine at the level between the lumbar vertebrae 5 (L5) and 6 (L6) and the femur in its middle third. Immediately after this procedure, the excess soft tissue was removed. In pelvimetry the following diameters were measured: thigh bone; transverse; acetabular; lateral ischiatic; true conjugate and vertical. The following mean values and standard deviation were obtained: 1) Body parameters: body weight (Kg) - 8.40 ± 5.86; height (cm) 35.50 ± 11.76; body length (cm) 48.60 ± 13.48; and thoracic perimeter (cm) 43.80 ± 14.24; and 2) Pelvic diameters (cm): thigh bone 3.313 ± 0.830; transversal 3.864 ± 0.900; acetabular 4.326 ± 1.140; lateral ischiatic 7.171 ± 2.140; true conjugate 4.720 ± 1.270; and vertical 4.697 ± 1.270. Finally, it was verified that there is a significant positive correlation between body parameters and pelvic diameters(AU)

A pelviologia corresponde ao estudo da pelve, estrutura formada por ossos, ligamentos e músculos. Um dos assuntos abordados da pelviologia corresponde a pelvimetria que trata da mensuração das medidas pélvicas, e a qual possui intima relação com a reprodução. O presente estudo tem por objetivo verificar a correlação entre alguns parâmetros corporais e as medidas pél-vicas. Foram utilizados 50 cadáveres caninos fêmeas S.R.D., idade e tamanho variados, oriundos de eutanásia ou morte natural do HOVET do UNIDESC e Clínicas Veterinárias das cidades de Valparaíso, Goiás (GO) e Santa Maria (DF). Inicialmente men-surou-se os parâmetros corporais comprimento corporal; altura corporal; perímetro torácico e peso corporal. Em seguida, a pelve óssea foi retirada do cadáver, seccionando-se a coluna vertebral em nível entre as vértebras lombares 5 (L5) e 6 (L6) e o fêmur em seu terço médio, logo após esse procedimento retirou-se o excesso de tecidos moles. Na pelvimetria mensurou-se os diâmetros: coxal; transversal; acetabular; isquiático lateral; verdadeiro conjugado e vertical. Obteve-se os seguintes valores médios e desvio padrão: 1) Parâmetros corporais: peso corporal (Kg) 8,40 ± 5,86; altura (cm) 35,50 ± 11,76; comprimento corporal (cm) 48,60 ± 13,48; e perímetro torácico (cm) 43,80 ± 14,24; e 2) Diâmetros pélvicos (cm): coxal 3,313 ± 0,830; transversal 3,864 ± 0,900; acetabular 4,326 ± 1,140; isquiático lateral 7,171 ± 2,140; conjugado verdadeiro 4,720 ± 1,270; e vertical 4,697 ± 1,270. Por fim, verificou-se que há correlação positiva significativa entre os parâmetros corporais e os diâmetros pélvicos.(AU)

Phenotypic characterization and weight prediction of crossbred Dorper × Santa Inês ewes / Caracterização fenotípica e predição do peso de ovelhas mestiças Dorper × Santa Inês

The objective was to determine zoometric indices, correlate, and predict body weight based on the biometric measurements of F1 Dorper × Santa Inês (F1 D × SI) ewes created extensively. Were 25 F1 D × SI sheep monitored, with ages varying from 2 to 9 months. Body weight, thoracic perimeter, belly perimeter, body length, withers height, rump height, rump width, and rump length were measured on a monthly basis and zoometric indices were estimated from them. Descriptive data analysis, Pearson's correlation, and regression analysis were performed. The biometric measurements and zoometric indices of F1 D × SI ewes indicate an animal of aptitude for cutting, with good conformation. In addition, they demonstrate favorable aspects for reproduction, a fundamental characteristic in the selection of matrices. Body weight has a high and positive correlation for all characteristics analyzed, with values ranging from 0.74 of the rump length to 0.88 of the thoracic perimeter. The regressions for all biometric measurements were highly significant (P 0.0001) with an emphasis on the thoracic perimeter that has the highest coefficient of determination (R² = 0.77), the other measures presented below 0.70. It was concluded that F1 Dorper × Santa Inês ewes have characteristics for meat production and for reproduction. Also, of the biometric measurements, the thoracic perimeter can be used to predict the body weight of F1 Dorper × Santa Inês ewes.(AU)

Objetivou-se determinar índices zoométricos, correlacionar e predizer o peso corporal a partir das medidas biométricas de fêmeas F1 Dorper × Santa Inês (F1 D × SI) criadas extensivamente. Foram acompanhadas 25 fêmeas ovinas F1 D × SI, com idades variando de 2 a 9 meses. Mensurou-se mensalmente o peso corporal, perímetro torácico, perímetro de barriga, comprimento corporal, altura de cernelha, altura de garupa, largura de garupa, comprimento de garupa e a partir dos mesmos estimou-se os índices zoométricos. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados, correlação de Pearson e análise de regressão. As medidas biométricas e os índices zoométricos das fêmeas F1 D × SI indicam um animal de aptidão para corte, com boa conformação, além disso, demonstram aspectos favoráveis para reprodução, característica fundamental na seleção de matrizes. O peso corporal apresenta correlação alta e positiva para todas as características analisadas, com valores variando de 0,74 do comprimento de garupa a 0,88 de perímetro torácico. As regressões para todas as medidas biométricas foram altamente significativas (P 0,0001) com destaque para o perímetro torácico que apresenta o maior coeficiente de determinação (R² = 0,77), as demais medidas apresentaram abaixo de 0,70. Conclui-se que as fêmeas F1 Dorper × Santa Inês apresentam características para produção de carne e para reprodução. E que das medidas biométricas, o perímetro torácico, pode ser utilizado para predição do peso corporal das fêmeas F1 Dorper × Santa Inês.(AU)

Phenotypic characterization and weight prediction of crossbred Dorper × Santa Inês ewes / Caracterização fenotípica e predição do peso de ovelhas mestiças Dorper × Santa Inês

The objective was to determine zoometric indices, correlate, and predict body weight based on the biometric measurements of F1 Dorper × Santa Inês (F1 D × SI) ewes created extensively. Were 25 F1 D × SI sheep monitored, with ages varying from 2 to 9 months. Body weight, thoracic perimeter, belly perimeter, body length, withers height, rump height, rump width, and rump length were measured on a monthly basis and zoometric indices were estimated from them. Descriptive data analysis, Pearson's correlation, and regression analysis were performed. The biometric measurements and zoometric indices of F1 D × SI ewes indicate an animal of aptitude for cutting, with good conformation. In addition, they demonstrate favorable aspects for reproduction, a fundamental characteristic in the selection of matrices. Body weight has a high and positive correlation for all characteristics analyzed, with values ranging from 0.74 of the rump length to 0.88 of the thoracic perimeter. The regressions for all biometric measurements were highly significant (P 0.0001) with an emphasis on the thoracic perimeter that has the highest coefficient of determination (R² = 0.77), the other measures presented below 0.70. It was concluded that F1 Dorper × Santa Inês ewes have characteristics for meat production and for reproduction. Also, of the biometric measurements, the thoracic perimeter can be used to predict the body weight of F1 Dorper × Santa Inês ewes.

Objetivou-se determinar índices zoométricos, correlacionar e predizer o peso corporal a partir das medidas biométricas de fêmeas F1 Dorper × Santa Inês (F1 D × SI) criadas extensivamente. Foram acompanhadas 25 fêmeas ovinas F1 D × SI, com idades variando de 2 a 9 meses. Mensurou-se mensalmente o peso corporal, perímetro torácico, perímetro de barriga, comprimento corporal, altura de cernelha, altura de garupa, largura de garupa, comprimento de garupa e a partir dos mesmos estimou-se os índices zoométricos. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados, correlação de Pearson e análise de regressão. As medidas biométricas e os índices zoométricos das fêmeas F1 D × SI indicam um animal de aptidão para corte, com boa conformação, além disso, demonstram aspectos favoráveis para reprodução, característica fundamental na seleção de matrizes. O peso corporal apresenta correlação alta e positiva para todas as características analisadas, com valores variando de 0,74 do comprimento de garupa a 0,88 de perímetro torácico. As regressões para todas as medidas biométricas foram altamente significativas (P 0,0001) com destaque para o perímetro torácico que apresenta o maior coeficiente de determinação (R² = 0,77), as demais medidas apresentaram abaixo de 0,70. Conclui-se que as fêmeas F1 Dorper × Santa Inês apresentam características para produção de carne e para reprodução. E que das medidas biométricas, o perímetro torácico, pode ser utilizado para predição do peso corporal das fêmeas F1 Dorper × Santa Inês.

Morphofunctional characteristics of working mules in mountain areas of the Colombian Central Andes

The application of morphofunctional measurements allows the selection of suitable animals to perform working activities and ensure that animal maximum capacities are not exceeded. Mules are commonly used by small farmers for agricultural work in mountain areas where the access is extremely difficult. We aimed to estimate the functionality indexes of working mules in mountain areas of the Colombian Central Andes. A total of 94 adult mules were evaluated for withers height, thoracic perimeter, body length, neck length, and body weight, which were used to determine the body index (BI), proportionality index (PI), and load carriage index (LCI). Descriptive statistics, analysis of correlations, and principal component analysis were performed. Males presented higher morphometric measurements than females. There was a negative correlation between BI with PI and LCI. The principal component analysis was able to merge characteristics in two components explaining 81.78% of the variance in the indexes. These results demonstrated that working mules in the studied area have morphometric characteristics that define them as mesolinear animals with a low frame and broad chest, and these characteristics can function as a guide to identify desirable conformation indices for working mules, determining values of adequate load, respecting animal welfare.(AU)

Morphofunctional characteristics of working mules in mountain areas of the Colombian Central Andes

The application of morphofunctional measurements allows the selection of suitable animals to perform working activities and ensure that animal maximum capacities are not exceeded. Mules are commonly used by small farmers for agricultural work in mountain areas where the access is extremely difficult. We aimed to estimate the functionality indexes of working mules in mountain areas of the Colombian Central Andes. A total of 94 adult mules were evaluated for withers height, thoracic perimeter, body length, neck length, and body weight, which were used to determine the body index (BI), proportionality index (PI), and load carriage index (LCI). Descriptive statistics, analysis of correlations, and principal component analysis were performed. Males presented higher morphometric measurements than females. There was a negative correlation between BI with PI and LCI. The principal component analysis was able to merge characteristics in two components explaining 81.78% of the variance in the indexes. These results demonstrated that working mules in the studied area have morphometric characteristics that define them as mesolinear animals with a low frame and broad chest, and these characteristics can function as a guide to identify desirable conformation indices for working mules, determining values of adequate load, respecting animal welfare.

Caracterização fenotípica de vacas F1 Holandês x Zebu de diferentes bases maternas / [Phenotypic characterization of Holsteins x Zebu F1 cows from different maternal bases]

Caracterizaram-se fêmeas F1 Holandês x Zebu de diferentes bases maternas quanto às pelagens, despigmentações e características morfométricas. Foram utilizadas 266 fêmeas F1, progênies do cruzamento de 26 touros da raça Holandesa com fêmeas de composição genética zebuínas: Gir, Nelore, Guzonel, Nelogir. Foram aplicadas análise de distribuição de frequência para características qualitativas e medidas de dispersão e tendência central para características morfométricas, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Acima de 60,0% dos animais foram de pelagem preta. As vacas que tiveram origem na raça Gir apresentaram comprimento de cabeça 2,8cm maior (P<0,05) que as fêmeas da raça Nelore. O comprimento da orelha variou (P<0,05) conforme a base materna utilizada. As vacas com genes da raça Nelore são 5,0cm mais altas (P<0,05). O perímetro torácico foi a característica morfométrica que teve correlação fenotípica de elevada magnitude com o peso, acima de 0,70, para as fêmeas das bases maternas Gir, Nelore e Nelogir. A pelagem não é indicativa da base materna utilizada. As vacas F1 de base materna Gir tiveram estrutura corporal menor que as fêmeas que portam genes da raça Nelore.(AU)

F1 Holstein x Zebu females from different maternal bases were characterized regarding coat, depigmentation and morphometric characteristics. A total of 266 F1 female progenies from the crossbreeding of 26 Holstein bulls with females of Zebu genetic composition were used: Gir, Nellore, Guzonel, Nellogir. Frequency distribution analysis was applied for qualitative characteristics and dispersion measures and central tendency for morphometric characteristics, and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Over 60.0% of the animals had a black coat. The cows that originated from the Gir breed had a head length of 2.8cm (P<0.05) higher than the Nellore females. Ear length varied (P<0.05) according to the maternal base used. Cows with Nelore genes were 5.0cm taller (P<0.05). The thoracic perimeter was the morphometric characteristic that had a high magnitude phenotypic correlation with weight, above 0.70, for the females of the Gir, Nellore and Nellogir maternal bases. The coat is not indicative of the maternal base used. F1 Gir-based cows had a smaller body structure than females with Nellore genes.(AU)

Caracterização fenotípica de vacas F1 Holandês x Zebu de diferentes bases maternas / [Phenotypic characterization of Holsteins x Zebu F1 cows from different maternal bases]

Caracterizaram-se fêmeas F1 Holandês x Zebu de diferentes bases maternas quanto às pelagens, despigmentações e características morfométricas. Foram utilizadas 266 fêmeas F1, progênies do cruzamento de 26 touros da raça Holandesa com fêmeas de composição genética zebuínas: Gir, Nelore, Guzonel, Nelogir. Foram aplicadas análise de distribuição de frequência para características qualitativas e medidas de dispersão e tendência central para características morfométricas, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Acima de 60,0% dos animais foram de pelagem preta. As vacas que tiveram origem na raça Gir apresentaram comprimento de cabeça 2,8cm maior (P<0,05) que as fêmeas da raça Nelore. O comprimento da orelha variou (P<0,05) conforme a base materna utilizada. As vacas com genes da raça Nelore são 5,0cm mais altas (P<0,05). O perímetro torácico foi a característica morfométrica que teve correlação fenotípica de elevada magnitude com o peso, acima de 0,70, para as fêmeas das bases maternas Gir, Nelore e Nelogir. A pelagem não é indicativa da base materna utilizada. As vacas F1 de base materna Gir tiveram estrutura corporal menor que as fêmeas que portam genes da raça Nelore.(AU)

F1 Holstein x Zebu females from different maternal bases were characterized regarding coat, depigmentation and morphometric characteristics. A total of 266 F1 female progenies from the crossbreeding of 26 Holstein bulls with females of Zebu genetic composition were used: Gir, Nellore, Guzonel, Nellogir. Frequency distribution analysis was applied for qualitative characteristics and dispersion measures and central tendency for morphometric characteristics, and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Over 60.0% of the animals had a black coat. The cows that originated from the Gir breed had a head length of 2.8cm (P<0.05) higher than the Nellore females. Ear length varied (P<0.05) according to the maternal base used. Cows with Nelore genes were 5.0cm taller (P<0.05). The thoracic perimeter was the morphometric characteristic that had a high magnitude phenotypic correlation with weight, above 0.70, for the females of the Gir, Nellore and Nellogir maternal bases. The coat is not indicative of the maternal base used. F1 Gir-based cows had a smaller body structure than females with Nellore genes.(AU)

Principal component analysis of pre-weaning growth traits in Santa Inês lambs / Análise de componentes principais para características de crescimento pré-desmame em ovinos da raça Santa Inês

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interrelation among growth traits in Santa Inês lambs using principal component analysis. Data on 270 lambs born between 2008 and 2013 were used. The variables studied were weight at birth, adjusted weights, and average daily gains at 14, 28, 52, and 70 days of age. The wither height, thoracic perimeter, and body length at birth and adjusted at 28 and 70 days of age (weaning), were also used. The statistical model comprised the fixed effects of the contemporary group, the linear effect of julian date at birth, and the linear and quadratic effects of lambing weight. The first principal component explained approximately 89% and 85% of the total variation for body weight at different ages and average daily gains, respectively. The second principal component compared heavier animals or those that gained more weight at 14 days with lighter lambs or those that gained less weight at 14 in the other ages explaining 5% and 10% of the variation, among the animals. The first principal component accounted for 77%, 91%, and 77% of the variation for weight, thoracic perimeter, wither height, and length at birth, 28 days, and 70 days of age, respectively, and compared large animals or animals with greater body volume. The second component, with values of 16%, 6%, and 14% of the total variation at the three ages, respectively, compared animals with distinct conformation to discriminate animals of different shapes and verified that the weights at the different ages and the thoracic perimeter are important sources of variability among the animals.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as inter-relações entre as medidas de crescimento em cordeiros da raça Santa Inês no período pré-desmame, utilizando-se a técnica dos componentes principais. Para tanto, contou-se com informações de 270 cordeiros, nascidos entre 2008 e 2013. As variáveis estudadas foram o peso ao nascimento, os pesos corrigidos e ganhos médios diários aos 14, 28, 52 e 70 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas as medidas, altura de cernelha, perímetro torácico e comprimento ao nascimento e corrigidas para os 28 e 70 dias de idade de cordeiros Santa Inês. O modelo estatístico utilizado na análise por componentes principais para todas as características estudadas incluiu os efeitos de grupo de contemporâneos, o efeito linear da data juliana de nascimento e os efeitos linear e quadrático do peso da ovelha ao parto. Para os pesos às diferentes idades e os ganhos médios diários o primeiro componente principal acumulou 89% e 85% da variação total, respectivamente. O segundo componente contrastou animais mais pesados ou ganharam mais peso aos 14 dias com aqueles que foram mais leves ou ganharam menos pesos nas demais idades, explicando 5 e 10% da variabilidade entre os animais. Para as medidas de peso, perímetro torácico, altura de cernelha e comprimento ao nascimento, aos 28 dias de idade e aos 70 dias de idade, o primeiro componente, que acumulou 77%, 91% e 77% da variabilidade existente, respectivamente, comparou animais de maior tamanho ou volume corporal. O segundo componente, com 16%, 6% e 14%, respectivamente da variabilidade total, comparou animais de diferentes conformações e verificou-se que os pesos nas diferentes idades e o perímetro torácico são importantes fontes de variabilidade entre os animais.

Principal component analysis of pre-weaning growth traits in Santa Inês lambs / Análise de componentes principais para características de crescimento pré-desmame em ovinos da raça Santa Inês

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interrelation among growth traits in Santa Inês lambs using principal component analysis. Data on 270 lambs born between 2008 and 2013 were used. The variables studied were weight at birth, adjusted weights, and average daily gains at 14, 28, 52, and 70 days of age. The wither height, thoracic perimeter, and body length at birth and adjusted at 28 and 70 days of age (weaning), were also used. The statistical model comprised the fixed effects of the contemporary group, the linear effect of julian date at birth, and the linear and quadratic effects of lambing weight. The first principal component explained approximately 89% and 85% of the total variation for body weight at different ages and average daily gains, respectively. The second principal component compared heavier animals or those that gained more weight at 14 days with lighter lambs or those that gained less weight at 14 in the other ages explaining 5% and 10% of the variation, among the animals. The first principal component accounted for 77%, 91%, and 77% of the variation for weight, thoracic perimeter, wither height, and length at birth, 28 days, and 70 days of age, respectively, and compared large animals or animals with greater body volume. The second component, with values of 16%, 6%, and 14% of the total variation at the three ages, respectively, compared animals with distinct conformation to discriminate animals of different shapes and verified that the weights at the different ages and the thoracic perimeter are important sources of variability among the animals.(AU)

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as inter-relações entre as medidas de crescimento em cordeiros da raça Santa Inês no período pré-desmame, utilizando-se a técnica dos componentes principais. Para tanto, contou-se com informações de 270 cordeiros, nascidos entre 2008 e 2013. As variáveis estudadas foram o peso ao nascimento, os pesos corrigidos e ganhos médios diários aos 14, 28, 52 e 70 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas as medidas, altura de cernelha, perímetro torácico e comprimento ao nascimento e corrigidas para os 28 e 70 dias de idade de cordeiros Santa Inês. O modelo estatístico utilizado na análise por componentes principais para todas as características estudadas incluiu os efeitos de grupo de contemporâneos, o efeito linear da data juliana de nascimento e os efeitos linear e quadrático do peso da ovelha ao parto. Para os pesos às diferentes idades e os ganhos médios diários o primeiro componente principal acumulou 89% e 85% da variação total, respectivamente. O segundo componente contrastou animais mais pesados ou ganharam mais peso aos 14 dias com aqueles que foram mais leves ou ganharam menos pesos nas demais idades, explicando 5 e 10% da variabilidade entre os animais. Para as medidas de peso, perímetro torácico, altura de cernelha e comprimento ao nascimento, aos 28 dias de idade e aos 70 dias de idade, o primeiro componente, que acumulou 77%, 91% e 77% da variabilidade existente, respectivamente, comparou animais de maior tamanho ou volume corporal. O segundo componente, com 16%, 6% e 14%, respectivamente da variabilidade total, comparou animais de diferentes conformações e verificou-se que os pesos nas diferentes idades e o perímetro torácico são importantes fontes de variabilidade entre os animais.(AU)

In vivo biometry and carcass characteristics of lambs in different finishing systems / Biometria in vivo e características de carcaça de cordeiros em diferentes sistemas de terminação

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different finishing systems on the in vivo measurements, quantitative and qualitative carcass characteristics, commercial cut ratio, and shoulder tissue composition of lambs. Thirty-two male lambs were distributed in four finishing systems with eight replications each, as follows: suckling lambs on pasture; suckling lambs in confinement, with access to creep-feeding containing corn bran and soybean meal; weaned lambs fed roughage, characterized by ad libitum supply of alfalfa hay; and weaned lambs fed concentrate, composed of oat grain and soybeanmeal. The lambs were slaughtered as they reached the pre-set live weight at slaughtering of 30 kg. Most of the in vivo biometry variables were not significant (P > 0.05) when comparing the finishing systems, except for hindlimb height and thoracic perimeter. Regarding the quantitative carcass characteristics, all variables differed (P < 0.05) between systems, except for carcass length, leg width, and subcutaneous fat thickness. For the qualitative carcass characteristics, only the fatness and carcass conformation presented significant differences (P < 0.05). Most in vivo measurements and the proportion of carcass cuts were not influenced by finishing systems. Weaned lambs fed an exclusive concentrate diet presented leaner carcasses with an inferior conformation when compared to the other finishing systems. Suckling lambs in confinement presented shoulders with a higher fat deposition when compared to those weaned. Suckling lambs both on pasture and in confinement presented a superiority in the quantitative carcass characteristics when compared to weaned lambs.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência dos diferentes sistemas de terminação sobre as mensurações in vivo, as características quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaça, a proporção dos cortes comerciais e a composição tecidual da paleta de cordeiros. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros machos, distribuídos em quatro sistemas de terminação com oito repetições cada, conforme a seguir: cordeiros lactentes em pastagem; cordeiros lactentes em confinamento, com acesso ao creep-feeding contendo farelo de milho e soja; cordeiros desmamados com volumoso, caracterizado pelo fornecimento ad libitum de feno de alfafa; e cordeiros desmamados com concentrado, composto por grão de aveia e farelo de soja. Os cordeiros foram abatidos à medida que atingiram o peso vivo de abate pré-estabelecido de30 kg. A maioria das variáveis de biometria in vivo não foram significativas (P > 0,05) entre os sistemas de terminação, com exceção da altura do posterior e do perímetro torácico. Quanto às características quantitativas da carcaça, todas a variáveis foram diferentes (P < 0,05) entre os sistemas, exceto o comprimento de carcaça, a largura de perna e a espessura de gordura subcutânea. Para as características qualitativas da carcaça, apenas o estado de engorduramento e a conformação apresentaram diferenças significativas (P < 0,05). A maioria das mensurações in vivo e as proporções dos cortes da carcaça não sofreram influência dos sistemas de terminação. Os cordeiros desmamados com dieta exclusiva de concentrado, apresentaram carcaças magras com conformação inferior aos demais sistemas determinação. Os cordeiros lactentes em confinamento apresentaram paletas com maior deposição de gordura do que os desmamados. Tanto cordeiros lactentes em pastagem, quanto em confinamento, apresentaram superioridade nas características quantitativas da carcaça em relação aos cordeiros desmamados.(AU)

Carcass traits of sheep fed banana pseudostem hay / Características de carcaça de ovinos alimentados com feno de pseudocaule de bananeira

The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass yield, measurements, cuts, and fat deposition of sheep fed banana pseudostem hay and Tifton 85 grass hay, with or without virginiamycin. Thirty-three uncastrated male Dorper × Santa Ines crossbred lambs at five months of age, with an average body weight of 25.00 ± 1.95 kg, were used in a feedlot experiment. The following four diets were evaluated: Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate with virginiamycin, banana pseudostem hay replacing 60% of Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate with virginiamycin, Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate without virginiamycin, and banana pseudostem hay replacing 60% of Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate without virginiamycin. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme, using orthogonal contrasts. The diet replacing 60% Tifton 85 grass hay by banana pseudostem hay without virginiamycin had no effect on carcass traits. The combination of virginiamycin and Tifton 85 grass hay provided increases in warm carcass weight, warm carcass yield, spine, omental and mesenteric fat deposition, and, regardless of roughage, increases in the thoracic perimeter.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o rendimento, as medidas, os cortes e a deposição de gordura em ovinos alimentados com feno de pseudocaule de bananeira e feno de capim-tifton 85, com ou sem virginiamicina. Trinta e dois cordeiros mestiços Dorper × Santa Ines, não castrados, aos cinco meses de idade, com peso corporal médio de 25,00 ± 1,95 kg foram utilizados no experimento em regime de confinamento. Foram avaliadas quatro dietas: feno de capim-Tifton 85 mais concentrado com virginiamicina; feno de pseudocaule de bananeira substituindo em 60% o feno de capim Tifton 85 mais concentrado com virginiamicina; feno de capim Tifton 85 mais concentrado sem virginiamicina; e feno de pseudocaule de bananeira substituindo em 60% o feno de capim Tifton 85 mais concentrado sem virginiamicina, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x2 em contraste ortogonal. A substituição de 60% do feno de capim Tifton 85 por feno de pseudocaule de bananeira sem virginiamicina na dieta de ovinos não altera suas características de carcaça. A virginiamicina associada ao feno de capim Tífton 85 proporcionou aumento do peso de carcaça quente e do rendimento de carcaça quente, aumento do espinhaço, aumento das deposições de gorduras omental e mesentérica e, independente dos volumosos, aumento do perímetro torácico.

Carcass traits of sheep fed banana pseudostem hay / Características de carcaça de ovinos alimentados com feno de pseudocaule de bananeira

The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass yield, measurements, cuts, and fat deposition of sheep fed banana pseudostem hay and Tifton 85 grass hay, with or without virginiamycin. Thirty-three uncastrated male Dorper × Santa Ines crossbred lambs at five months of age, with an average body weight of 25.00 ± 1.95 kg, were used in a feedlot experiment. The following four diets were evaluated: Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate with virginiamycin, banana pseudostem hay replacing 60% of Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate with virginiamycin, Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate without virginiamycin, and banana pseudostem hay replacing 60% of Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate without virginiamycin. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme, using orthogonal contrasts. The diet replacing 60% Tifton 85 grass hay by banana pseudostem hay without virginiamycin had no effect on carcass traits. The combination of virginiamycin and Tifton 85 grass hay provided increases in warm carcass weight, warm carcass yield, spine, omental and mesenteric fat deposition, and, regardless of roughage, increases in the thoracic perimeter.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o rendimento, as medidas, os cortes e a deposição de gordura em ovinos alimentados com feno de pseudocaule de bananeira e feno de capim-tifton 85, com ou sem virginiamicina. Trinta e dois cordeiros mestiços Dorper × Santa Ines, não castrados, aos cinco meses de idade, com peso corporal médio de 25,00 ± 1,95 kg foram utilizados no experimento em regime de confinamento. Foram avaliadas quatro dietas: feno de capim-Tifton 85 mais concentrado com virginiamicina; feno de pseudocaule de bananeira substituindo em 60% o feno de capim Tifton 85 mais concentrado com virginiamicina; feno de capim Tifton 85 mais concentrado sem virginiamicina; e feno de pseudocaule de bananeira substituindo em 60% o feno de capim Tifton 85 mais concentrado sem virginiamicina, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x2 em contraste ortogonal. A substituição de 60% do feno de capim Tifton 85 por feno de pseudocaule de bananeira sem virginiamicina na dieta de ovinos não altera suas características de carcaça. A virginiamicina associada ao feno de capim Tífton 85 proporcionou aumento do peso de carcaça quente e do rendimento de carcaça quente, aumento do espinhaço, aumento das deposições de gorduras omental e mesentérica e, independente dos volumosos, aumento do perímetro torácico.(AU)

Different corporal structures determining the effective production of Red Angus primiparous cows at 24 months of age / Diferentes estruturas corporais na produtividade efetiva de vacas primíparas aos 24 meses de idade

The objective was to evaluate the production and efficiency of 24-month-old Red Angus primiparous cows of different weights at weaning and repetition of pregnancy. Before calving, the females were managed in natural prairies and fed sweet clover (Lotus corniculatus) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), with loads of 315 and 501 kg ha-¹, respectively. Females were divided into groups according to the average birth weight into light 346.15 ± 3.39 kg; moderate 381.95 ± 2.99 kg; and heavy 412.63 ± 3.33 kg weights. The indicators evaluated were: primiparous weights and body conditions at calving and weaning, daily average and total gains, fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI), and accumulation. Calves at birth and weaning had their daily average and total weights evaluated. In terms of production, the daily average and total gains per pair and effective herd production (EHP) of the weight groups were measured. At weaning, morphometric measures, viz. croup height and thoracic perimeter had a linear relationship increasing with the weight at calving. In FTAI and cumulative pregnancy, the groups of light and moderate cows were more efficient than the heavy group cows, with values of 81.25%, 75.00%, and 55.56%, respectively. The EHP differed between the groups with values of 37.07 ± 1.71, 28.13 ± 1.50, and 19.99 ± 1.68 kg, for light, moderate, and heavy, respectively. Light cows were 31.8% and 85.4% higher in effective production than moderate and heavy cows, respectively. Knowledge of the production system is important for enhancing breeding efficiency. The improvement in productive performance is related to the adequacy of metrices used in the production system.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a produção e eficiência de vacas Red Angus primíparas aos 24 meses de diferentes pesos do parto a desmama e a repetição de cria. Antes do parto as fêmeas foram manejadas em pastagens naturais e após em pastagens de cornichão (Lotus corniculatus) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) com cargas de 315 e 501 kg ha-¹, respectivamente. As fêmeas foram divididas em grupos de acordo com o peso médio ao parto em leves 346,15±3,39 kg; moderadas 381,95±2,99 kg e pesadas 412,63±3,33 kg. Os indicadores avaliados foram: nas primíparas pesos e condições corporais ao parto e ao desmame, ganhos médios diários e totais, prenhez da inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) e acumulada. Nos bezerros foram avaliados pesos ao nascimento e a desmama, ganhos médios diários e totais. Da produção mediram-se os ganhos médios diários e totais do par e a produtividade efetiva de rebanho (PER) dos grupos de pesod. Ao desmame as medidas morfométricas de altura de garupa e perímetro torácico tiveram comportamento linear aumentando com os pesos ao parto das vacas. Na prenhez da IATF e acumulada, os grupos das vacas leves e moderadas se mostraram mais eficientes do que as Pesadas com valores de 81,25, 75,00 e 55,56%, respectivamente. A PER diferiu entre os grupos com valores de 37,07±1,71, 28,13±1,50 e 19,99±1,68 kg, para leves, moderadas e pesadas, respectivamente. As vacas leves foram 31,8 e 85,4% superiores na produtividade efetivado que as moderadas e pesadas, respectivamente. O conhecimento do sistema de produção é importante para elevar a eficiência da cria. A melhora no desempenho produtivo está ligada a adequação do tamanho das matrizes para o sistema produtivo.(AU)

Concentração sérica de progesterona, pH da vagina e morfometria corpórea de cervas gestantes (Cervus unicolor) em cativeiro / Serum concentration of progesterone, pH of the vagina and body morphometryof pregnant deer (Cervus unicolor)in captivity

The aim was to study pregnant cervus in captivity, to obtain body morphometric data, serum progesterone concentrations, and pH of the vagina. Females of cervus (Cervus unicolor), (n=8) between 2 and 3 years old were used in November during breeding season. After sedation, in one collection, the following was measured: body weight 54.50 ± 18.70kg, body length 1.21 ± 0.16m, height at withers 0.75 ± 0.08m, thoracic perimeter 0.84 ± 0.12m, and body mass index 97.32 ± 10.50kg / m2. After sedation, blood samples were collected to measure progesterone concentration by radioimmunoassay and the use of an indicator tape to obtain the pH of the vagina was performed eight times at four day intervals in the eight females, in a total of 64 samples for each exam. Data were analyzed, and significance was at 5%. There were no differences (P> 0.05) between measurements for serum progesterone concentrations and pH of the vagina. The correlations between body weight, progesterone, pH, and body mass index were not significant (P> 0.05). There was no significant oscillation of progesterone concentration and pH of the vagina in the pregnancy period studied.

Concentração sérica de progesterona, pH da vagina e morfometria corpórea de cervas gestantes (Cervus unicolor) em cativeiro / Serum concentration of progesterone, pH of the vagina and body morphometryof pregnant deer (Cervus unicolor)in captivity

The aim was to study pregnant cervus in captivity, to obtain body morphometric data, serum progesterone concentrations, and pH of the vagina. Females of cervus (Cervus unicolor), (n=8) between 2 and 3 years old were used in November during breeding season. After sedation, in one collection, the following was measured: body weight 54.50 ± 18.70kg, body length 1.21 ± 0.16m, height at withers 0.75 ± 0.08m, thoracic perimeter 0.84 ± 0.12m, and body mass index 97.32 ± 10.50kg / m2. After sedation, blood samples were collected to measure progesterone concentration by radioimmunoassay and the use of an indicator tape to obtain the pH of the vagina was performed eight times at four day intervals in the eight females, in a total of 64 samples for each exam. Data were analyzed, and significance was at 5%. There were no differences (P> 0.05) between measurements for serum progesterone concentrations and pH of the vagina. The correlations between body weight, progesterone, pH, and body mass index were not significant (P> 0.05). There was no significant oscillation of progesterone concentration and pH of the vagina in the pregnancy period studied.(AU)

Concentração sérica de progesterona, pH da vagina e morfometria corpórea de cervas gestantes (Cervus unicolor) em cativeiro / Serum concentration of progesterone, pH of the vagina and body morphometryof pregnant deer (Cervus unicolor)in captivity

The aim was to study pregnant cervus in captivity, to obtain body morphometric data, serum progesterone concentrations, and pH of the vagina. Females of cervus (Cervus unicolor), (n=8) between 2 and 3 years old were used in November during breeding season. After sedation, in one collection, the following was measured: body weight 54.50 ± 18.70kg, body length 1.21 ± 0.16m, height at withers 0.75 ± 0.08m, thoracic perimeter 0.84 ± 0.12m, and body mass index 97.32 ± 10.50kg / m2. After sedation, blood samples were collected to measure progesterone concentration by radioimmunoassay and the use of an indicator tape to obtain the pH of the vagina was performed eight times at four day intervals in the eight females, in a total of 64 samples for each exam. Data were analyzed, and significance was at 5%. There were no differences (P> 0.05) between measurements for serum progesterone concentrations and pH of the vagina. The correlations between body weight, progesterone, pH, and body mass index were not significant (P> 0.05). There was no significant oscillation of progesterone concentration and pH of the vagina in the pregnancy period studied.(AU)

PLURIPARIDADE NAS ÉGUAS: RELAÇÃO COM CARACTERÍSTICAS MATERNAS, PLACENTÁRIAS E NEONATAIS

Abstract The placenta connects the mare and the foal and it is one of the main organs responsible for fetal development and newborns morphometric characteristics. This function becomes even more important because a number of studies indicates that foals physical characteristics are able to predict their development in adult life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to correlate mares parity (1-5) and maternal characteristics with placental characteristics as well as foals size. Mares were categorized according to parity in G1: 1 parturation (n=4); G2: 2 parturations (n=6); G3: 3 parturations (n=7); G4: 4 parturations (n=5); and G5: 5 parturations (n=3). Results indicate that the mares pre- and post-parturition thoracic perimeter and weight had a positive correlation on foals weight (p=0.004/ R= 0.51; p=0.002/ R= 0.55; p=0.01/ R= 0.43), height (p=0.0005/ R= 0.60; p=0.001/ R= 0.57; p=0.005/ R= 0,50), and thoracic perimeter (p=0.0001/ R= 0.65; p0.0001/ R= 0.71; p=0.0002/ R= 0.64) at birth. Mares that were heavier at pre-partum had greater placental weight (p=0.01/R= 0.45) and delivered heavier foals (p=0.003/ R= 0.52) with greater thoracic perimeter (p=0.01/ R= 0.45). Foals of mares in G4 were heavier, probably indicating that the greater uterine size in multiparous mares allows greater placental coverage, greater fetomaternal surface contact and probably greater supply of nutrient to the fetus.

Resumo A placenta é o órgão de ligação entre a égua e o potro e é um dos principais responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento fetal e pelas características morfométricas do neonato. Essa função se torna cada vez mais importante porque os estudos indicam que as características físicas dos potros predizem o seu desenvolvimento na vida adulta. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi correlacionar número de partos (1-5) e características maternas de éguas com as características placentárias e o tamanho do potro. As éguas foram categorizadas em grupos de acordo com o número de partos sendo G1: 1 parto (n=4); G2: 2 partos (n=6); G3: 3 partos (n=7); G4: 4 partos (n=5); e G5: 5 partos (n=3). Como principais resultados obtidos, o perímetro torácico e o peso da égua pré- e pós-parto influenciaram positivamente peso (p=0,004/ R= 0,51; p=0,002/ R= 0,55; p=0,01/ R= 0,43), altura (p=0,0005/ R= 0,60; p=0,001/ R= 0,57; p=0,005/ R= 0,50) e perímetro torácico (p=0,0001/ R= 0,65; p0,0001/ R= 0,71; p=0,0002/ R= 0,64) dos potros ao nascimento. Éguas com maior peso corporal no pré-parto apresentaram maior peso placentário (p=0,01/R= 0,45) e pariram potros mais pesados (p=0,003/ R= 0,52) com maior perímetro torácico (p=0,01/ R= 0,45). Os neonatos de éguas do G4 foram os mais pesados, indicando que provavelmente o maior tamanho uterino em éguas pluríparas permita uma maior cobertura placentária, maior área de contato materno fetal e provavelmente maior aporte de nutrientes ao feto.